Phd coursework in malaysia

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IELTS Essay Ideas: Is History a Waste of Time. Below are ideas for the topic of history in IELTS writing task 2. This essay is about how important history is to phd coursework, learn. This can relate to the subject of history as a whole or children spending time learning history. You should use the ideas given below and thesis for macbeth paper, adapt them to the specific essay question given by IELTS. Sample IELTS Essay Question.

Some people think that studying history is a waste of time while others think that it is essential to phd coursework, learn. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. Below are ideas for both side of the short essays about happiness, argument. Phd Coursework. A useful definition of history is statement paper, “it is the study of past events, particularly human affairs.”. It might be the study of a country or of a person in the past. It might involve a particular event or a general situation at a given time in the past. History is a Waste of phd coursework, Time. Most people memorise dates, names and facts when they study history.

This information is not useful in everyday life or for the future. If we could actually learn from history, history wouldn’t be full of the same repeated mistakes. However, the argumentative essay, same mistakes are made again and in malaysia, again which makes history irrelevant to learn for the future. History is essay research, a subject that is rarely used in people’s lives so it would be better to focus on phd coursework science or technology which is more relevant to the future and today’s society. Each historical event has different perspectives. For this reason, it makes learning history a waste of time because events can also be interpreted in a different way which makes what we learn in history less valuable. Many school curriculum have been set and are rarely changed. That curriculum includes little current history which is the in organizations, only type of history that helps people understand the world they currently live in.

History helps young people understand their own culture and how their culture and country have evolved. History gives identify and helps unify people. It gives people a sense of roots and belonging. History teaches people what their forefathers experienced and suffered in the past in order to make their country what it is today. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. History teaches us about travesties which have occurred in the past, such as the Holocaust. It is essential for both people in the past, present and future to never forget such events in order to honour the memory of those lost and to ensure it never happens again. History helps us understand change. It records and helps people understand successes and failures.

Through these studies people can learn about change and how others are affected by short essays about it. It shows patterns of phd coursework in malaysia, behaviour or events in the past and their outcome which can help us avoid similar outcomes in the future. Learn about the argumentative ads, past often gives a glimpse of the future. It shows a path of development that will continue past the present and into the future. Valuable information can often be found in phd coursework in malaysia, history, such as traditional medicines. Learning about argumentative essay ads, past lifestyles and techniques used by people in the past can hold the secrets to phd coursework, remedies or cures no longer used. If you wish to post writing, please read the rules for posting writing on e-business thesis this blog. I know you will not put the band score, but please can you tell me is this essay enough to get a band score 7. Traditional subjects such as History, Politics etc were taught in schools spending more time rather than spending on teaching interpersonal and soft skills which is of greater use for in malaysia students to find a good employment opportunities in in organizations, future. Phd Coursework. In my opinion, although spending a good time on psychotherapy essays online teaching traditional subjects, but also giving an equal or more importance to phd coursework in malaysia, the skills could be a key solution to psychotherapy essays, find a good job.

Firstly, History as a traditional subjects , in addition schools are the best way that our child to get to in malaysia, know about the past tradition, culture, ancient methods, languages as well as about essay on gambling, our ancestors, for phd coursework this reasons, traditional subjects should give more importance like any other subjects in schools.Knowing more about our culture, tradition, history is the only way that we can uphold about our beliefs. However, due to the increased demand for essay on gambling the skills namely interpersonal and soft skills such as mathematical, marketing etc which is required in all enterprises or in a job market, I admit that by contrast, it is primary to teach the students about the skills in school in addition to the subject history or arts. One clear example, to illustrate here is when we are going for an interview the employer mainly look over the skills that the employee have rather than his knowledge about the traditional subjects because obviously, the employer ‘s motive is the growth of the company. To summarize, I firmly believe that in school the teachers should give equal or either more importance to teach their students about the skills as it is the most important factor to find a good job. Even though it is in malaysia, good to have knowledge about the tradition and culture. Is it good enough to get a score of 7? Please if you have time point out my mistakes. Sorry I don’t give feedback or scores. But I will say, avoid using “etc”. Just decide on two examples and that’s enough.

I am jumbled up, if the question is what extend you agree or disagree?, and am agreeing that what should my paragragraphs constitute? your earliest reply will be highly appreciated. If you agree, then each paragraph gives one reason for your opinion. Hi Liz, how are you? I am Dario from psychotherapy essays online Argentina and I will take the exam next Saturday. In Malaysia. First of all I would like to thank you for all the thesis for macbeth paper, material, tips and exercises of the web. Secondly, if possible, I would like to to have a look on my essay and tell me what you think. Thanks in in malaysia, advance. So many times one can hear that the study of history is pointless. Luckily, they are not the majority and other people still believe that history is one of the essential knowledges.

Narrow-minded people may think that the past is gone and what we are living now or going to live in ads, the future has no link with it. They focus on the future as it comes from another planet or suddenly appears from underneath a rock. Phd Coursework. They do not really see that what happens today is because something happened yesterday, which change the course of the short about happiness, things, made people to phd coursework, take other decisions and choose different things than the ones it would have chosen under other circumstances. Alternatively, still the persuasive essay, most of in malaysia, people support and essay, study history. History is phd coursework, sometimes crucial to happiness, understand what is going to happen, but also to prevent some things to happen again, as the holocaust or wars. The same way everyone as individual makes mistakes, the society as a whole do it as well. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. History provides us the key to research, think and understand when, why, how and what happen anything and act consequently next time. It is also our collective memory, therefore historians have an important role in our society. In conclusion, although a small group of people try to reduce the importance of phd coursework in malaysia, history it can be easily argued and demonstrated that is groundless. In my opinion, history is one of the most important (and exciting) topics in human sciences. Pliz help me madam,i have an assignment of history now i want u to help me on the same topic.why history as a subject should be taught in schools?

Pliz i need some points. All the ideas are given on this page. mam u need to give people ideas and help instead of just telling them that all the essay ads, ideas are on in malaysia the page. The entire page above is a list of ideas for short about happiness a topic. Please read them. Thankyou madam ..for everything.. To study history is like to live in past.Situations and circumstances changes from time to time.What was considered right in the past may be perceived as wrong in the present circumstances.In the phd coursework in malaysia, past nations were ruled by essay research the king with absolute authority at their command and can be seen described as dictator. Dictator in present age are not considered acceptable,so why to study previous kings.

hello mam . provide me with the ideas in the recent topic of ielts “similarities are rising with same types of shops , products and brands all over the world . what are the merits and demerits of this ” this was the essay of ielts writing task 2 held on phd coursework 26 th september 2015. Please see the recent questions page where some ideas have been shared. I’m blessed that I found your blog at e-business thesis last. I’ve already got Band score 6, but my goal is 8. I’m excited to have your advanced lessons, but unfortunately I’m not sure how I can pay for that from Bangladesh. Could you please have a look on my Introduction and advise me, pointing the phd coursework, mistakes I made, what I should do? Thanks in advance.

Learning history is interesting and psychotherapy essays online, enjoyable. Studying history is prioritized by some as an effective subject although others argue against it as a waste of time. While studying history, it is possible to know about ancestors’ contribution on phd coursework in malaysia this modern world and the mistakes they made, although memorizing dates and names, and lack of science or technology has no usefulness in thesis for macbeth research paper, future. Hi Liz, in writing, is in malaysia, it okay ti use contractions? Because in speaking, it contractions are preferred. Extended. And is it safe to use highfalutin vocabulary such as sojourn and etc for writing task 2? No, never use contractions in IELTS writing. Only use vocabulary that you can use with complete accuracy.

If I don’t get wrong, there is a typo in the third idea in the viewpoint “History is important”. History teaches “us” instead of “use”. You should think about in malaysia, charging for thesis statement research paper your proof reading services #128578; Well spotted. Hi Liz, I want to write a balanced essay. Would this introduction will be fine? People have different views about phd coursework, whether or not learning history is vital in our daily lives. In my opinion, studying history has a signicant importance not only in the present but also in essay on gambling, the future generation of phd coursework, our society. June 13 writing task 2: the statement given went something like this – a huge number of accommodation and essay, transportation facilities emerge in big cities nowadays thus the government is in malaysia, asking the business sectors to relocate their businesses in essays, rural areas. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Thanks for phd coursework sharing. I have watched a lot of short about, your videos on phd coursework youtube to improve my writing skills.

You are doing well for students. I aim 7 band score but you don’t tell band scores. please give me a hint how much more effort i need to achieve 7 band score. I personally think i don’t have good vocabulary for this task. Many people argue that gaining knowledge about history is useless but others believe that it is crucial to learn and study history in many aspects of our lives. It is quite understandable that different people have divergent attitudes towards it. In my opinion, learning history is the key to know about our lives on this planet and argumentative ads, many more crucial things. People who think it is the wastage of time to learn history, have their own solid reasons.

Firstly, when people study history they remember many historical dates, incidents and phd coursework in malaysia, places, which are useless in our practical life. Secondly, while studying history students spend a lot of their time to know about essay research, past events instead of phd coursework, spending their crucial time for todays life. Statement Paper. Finally, after completing their study in phd coursework, history, they can not do any better for our community as chemists, mathematicians and physicist do. On the other hand, many disagree with them by arguing that there are many advantages to thesis for macbeth paper, learn history. For example, by phd coursework in malaysia learning history we will not repeat our mistakes that we made in the past.

Furthermore, we can plan, advise and make important decisions, give tributes to those who spend their important lives for human well beings on this planet, by e-business thesis learning history. To summarize, in my own view, though, some people consider learning history is the wastage of phd coursework, time but advantages are more obvious. Therefore, studying history should be encouraged rather than criticising. Don’t put unnecessary information into your introduction. The second sentence is essays, unnecessary. Make sure you restate your opinion in phd coursework in malaysia, the body paragraph with the side you agree with. Be careful with vocabulary “wastage of time” don’t paraphrase unnecessarily and incorrectly. Please watch my video about paraphrase because you are making some elementary errors: http://ieltsliz.com/ielts-vocabulary-paraphrasing-tips/ Thanks for your reply… Now i guess i need much more practice to get band score 7.

I am aiming for extended essay research band 7 in writing general module. Phd Coursework. Could please check this piece of introduction writing will reach me to the requisite band or not. Thank you in advance. Some people think that the government is wasting money on psychotherapy online the arts and that this money could be better spent elsewhere. To what extent do you agree with this view? I think this is Opinion essay(please suggest me that i’m on the right path or not?) It is argued by some that spending money by the government to phd coursework in malaysia, encourage arts is waste. Rather, it could be utilized on psychotherapy essays online other developments. I completely disagree(what extent) with the in malaysia, given statement, because arts are also an short essays happiness inevitable activity to exhibit growth of phd coursework, nation. Please give me reply.. I do not offer a free marking service.

Did you read the e-business in organizations, rules for posting writing at the top of this blog? I’m not sure why you have written “what extent” in brackets. That should be omitted. Also check your grammar and vocabulary. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. Always aim for accuracy. Sorry I posted it before read it and correct spelling mistakes . Here the corrected one . Many people argues about learning history .While some believe that studying past events particularly in humans affairs is merely a waste of time , others appreciate history as it is about, considered people’s roots . In my opinion , although I agree that people’s approach in phd coursework in malaysia, studying history nowadays is wrong and lead to waste their time , I strongly support studying people’s past event which can helps people’s future . With regard to the importance of studying history , history studies give people identity and help to short essays about happiness, unify generation . In other word , when people learn about their culture , language and their forefathers’ lives they can understand from where they came and to whom they belong which gives them strength and more confidence to sustain and succeed in phd coursework, future’s obstacles.

Moreover , history studies help people To know about all events , experiences and even wrong and right decisions have been taken and their outcomes which can benefits young generation to be a ware of these mistakes and manage to avoid any similar situation in argumentative essay, the future to evolve countries in better and accelerated ways . For instance , people in the past they were non educated and simple therefore ,when a pregnant mother giving birth they used to make it done at home without any medical supervision which lead to either mother’s death or baby’s disorder ,but today’s mothers have learned from phd coursework this wrong decision and avoided it . On the other hand , many people think that studying history is a waste of time because most of essays happiness, schools’ curriculums teach student to memorize names and numbers related to in malaysia, historical event which are exhausting their energy rather than benefiting them in any side of life .In addition , history events have many perspectives which can be interpreted in different way , for this reason it make studying history a waste of psychotherapy essays, time because their is phd coursework, no approved knowledge can be learned and used in present’s lives . For example , studying about the holocaust and its causes ,there is no any good aspect of studying about short essays, this historical event . In conclusion , I strongly support learning history but just the important and beneficial events which enrich people experiences as well as their understand of in malaysia, life , at the same time avoid wasting time in learning worthless details. Sorry I only give comments to short essays happiness, students who have worked their way through my lessons. Please review all writing task 2 lessons and all vocabulary lessons. I am sorry I know I have a big problem in my writing , I will take arrest of writing essays and phd coursework, read throw your blog to learn more then will come back in better skills . if you have time can you please check my essay. some people think that studying history is a waste of time while others think that it is essential to learn. discuss both sides and give your opinion.

History is a record of past events .Many people argue that learning history has no use in our daily life whereas ,others say that it must be learned by everyone.This essay would discuss either to study or no the subject called history. To begin with, it is true that memorising past events , dates ,times and people’s name has no particular importance in our day to day life, on the other hand studying science and technology is today’s need. In order to be a competent we should be always up to date with science and technology , to illustrate this view ,employers are seeking for employees who are equipped with sound skills to extended essay, perform in phd coursework in malaysia, sophisticated world.Therefore,studying history is seriously a waste of time. Irony, no matter how important is history in everyday life, we ought to keep in essay, mind that our present and future is phd coursework, linked to our past.Significantly, getting knowledge regarding past events would protect us from online repeating the same mistakes again .For an example, studying world wars alarm us the effects it may bring to the world, if there is phd coursework, anymore world war.Thus, school curriculum should include history . In conclusion, though history classes may contain irrelevant information which is not useful to ads, our life in my opinion , we indeed lean history because it can inspire , warn as well as protect our present and phd coursework in malaysia, future to an extend. Firstly, you need to write over 250 words. You also need to put your opinion in the introduction as your thesis statement. Your opinion must be given in the body paragraphs and concluded as well.

The word “irony” is research, not a linking device to start a body paragraph for phd coursework in malaysia the other side. You should use “on the essay research, other hand” or “By contrast”. Avoid using “we”. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. There are some grammar and extended essay, vocabulary issues. Phd Coursework. Try to review my model essays to learn more about writing for e-business in organizations IELTS. Please read the rule for posting writing before posting again: http://ieltsliz.com/rules-for-posting-writing/ First of phd coursework, all I would like to express my gratitude for what you are doing on your webside.

I would like to on gambling, ask you if all of the topics developed about the Writting Task 2 are concerning the phd coursework, Academic IELTS? Thank you in e-business in organizations thesis, advance! Yes, all topics can come in either the phd coursework in malaysia, GT or academic test. Essays. The only difference is phd coursework, that GT essay questions are slightly easier. It is inevitable that as technology develops traditionally cultures must be last. Technology and tradition are incompatible—you cannot have both together. Hi the best kind teacher Liz I am so happy for using your best website and e-business, my all sections are improving significanly after using your all tips and watching your video lessons. Please! Could you check this full essay and mark it in reality. But it has been written for another topic.

Thanks in advance! Best regards good luck in your job! In general, our world is becoming more and more technologically advanced as our existence requires ongoing progress. For many, this trend has been resulting in positive steps towards perfect lifestyle on our globe. However, as this development and tradition are controversial with each other, I strongly support that modern- technology is making traditional cultures be lost. Admittedly, the phd coursework in malaysia, internet has revolutionized the modern world being catalizator for globalization as individuals from any corner of the world can have easy access to all the information on thesis the world Wide Web, world population have begun following the mainstream culture. While less-spoken language are getting vanished for example, English is widening area and being used almost every aspects of life as a dominant language. Additionally, for the light of convenience in transportation, immigration that has become popular, made people’s preference of clothing, food, behavior and even customs similarly. We eat fast-food and Pizza, wear T-shirt, and listen to rock and roll or baroque music as those living in Europe, Asia or Australia. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. And this is the circumstance that our globe is becoming a small village in which diversity cannot survive.

However, a number of gadget eased researches work investigating historical places or origions of living creatures. Complex and sophisticated tools are being used to essays, detect and even record traditional music, as well as art so that these values can be transmitted to upcoming generations. Nowadays, computer modeling of mankind’s development is being created so precisely that cannot be achieved by human’s calculations. To conclude, life enhancing technologies are being discovered inevitably because of phd coursework, humanitarian instinct. These steps might be improving our global lifestyle outwards, my view is in organizations thesis, that they are harming our heritage and traditional values inwards. your lessons excellent.I’m so impressed thanks. Guys my whats app +998945900191. your lesssons excellent.I’m so impressed thanks guys my whats app +998945900191. Hi, I’m a student and new here in phd coursework in malaysia, your website. I’ve a difficulty in understanding the Essay topic, especially its type. It would be great of you if you recommend me.

Thanks in advance! If you look at this page, you will find sample essay questions for each type at the bottom of the short about happiness, page: http://ieltsliz.com/100-ielts-essay-questions/ and on this page, you will find model essays for each type of question: http://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2-lessons-tips-and-information/ Dear Teacher.Myvefforts for your appraisal and comments that would be valuable to me thank you. Introduction;By few number of population era is that,learn about past event is usless,on the other hand of population has a positive suggestion regarding learning about past event that it must copulsary for everyone ,so they could be able to phd coursework in malaysia, know their past mistake and right steps towards compeletion their goals. Conclusion;according to my opinion learning about pastevents its usefull significantly for the new generation so we could able to learn about past mistakes and can uttilized the previous mistake in a affirmative aspects.

I already posted a comment to you previously. Unfortunately, your English level is below the level accepted on this blog. http://ieltsliz.com/rules-for-posting-writing/ you would no longer bother me and essays about, my posting. I will try to make slef better. Work on your English. This is an English language test. If your English is weak, your score will be low.

Sure Teacher i will follow’s your all advice . I hope one day i would be better than now. Thank you for your consideration’s. Here is my Introduction Part for in malaysia the above statement, Would you please review my introduction as well as check any mistakes. Thanks in advance….. Some people think that studying history is a waste of time while others think that it is essential to about, learn. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. It is matter of dispute that learning history is a waste of time and persuasive, it is very important to learn history. Learn about the past often gives a glimpse of the future.

I personally believe that it is our duty to know the real history. It’s good. The only thing I would change is a bit of grammar: It is matter of dispute whether learning history is phd coursework, a waste of time or is very …”. Also don’t forget to use gerunds “learning” rather than “Learn”. You might need to review your English grammar if you are aiming for for macbeth paper band 7 or above. I am sure that you are doing awesome about preparation to take IELTS exam. It is phd coursework in malaysia, very helpful for e-business thesis me.

I am just asking you about General Training Writing Module. Is there any differences in Writing Task 2 between Academic and General Training module. I mean General Training Writing is bit easy rather than Academic one. Would you please tell me is there any differences or not? As you said, the GT writing task 2 essay questions are often easier and phd coursework, also there is more flexibility with less formal language. But those are the only differences. Everything else is the same so all lessons and tips on this blog can be used by research GT students. Now I Understand. Hi! the best kind teacher Liz. Thanks a lot for first of all, and your best Website that can lead to phd coursework, learn English very well.

I have learnt immense of tips which are very useful. Could you check my introduction please! In our modern era, people have different views about learning our previous time. In my opinion, i believe that gathering enough knowledge about research, history can open the door to phd coursework in malaysia, avoid not making past mistakes and lead bright future. The word “history” can’t be paraphrased by extended essay “our previous time”. In Malaysia. Don’t paraphrase unless you are completely sure because you are increasing the number of statement for macbeth paper, mistakes. More mistakes = lower score. Actually this was my task 2 in phd coursework in malaysia, my exam, but I got shocking 5 in short about happiness, writing so it deteriorated my general score to 6 also make it worthless because I need minimum 5.5 in each skill for the conditional acceptance of the master degree. I can reset the exam before 3 months, do you advice in remarking the writing section? it will take two months plus 100 $.

Are examiners put 5.5 or 6.5 so on when they marking each task or just 5 or 6 or 7? Thanks for your time in advance, When you get a remark, it will be on all 4 skills. In Malaysia. The examiner decides 6.5 or 7 as an average mark of the scoring for each criteria. Judging from your message to me, your level of English is psychotherapy essays, around 5.5. You have frequent errors in grammar. You should get your writing assessed before trying for either a remark or doing the test again. If your English isn’t strong, your score won’t be high.

I have the form for remarking and I can choose which section to be remarked, also the payment is fixed for one or four skills. I just was asking whether in writing each task the marks are band 5,6,7.. or it can be 5.5,6.5…. See this page (there’s a table at phd coursework in malaysia the bottom of the page) to learn how the writing score is calculated: http://ielts-yasi.englishlab.net/How_the_Writing_Test_is_Scored.htm. Hope you are well . Just want a piece of advice . I am planning to psychotherapy essays online, sit for ielts . which centre do you recommend , British council or idp ? I heard that examiners in BC are stricter than those in idp and that examiners in idp are more lenient than those in Bc . what do you recommend and in malaysia, how could I ask for headsets for listening test . Thanks a lot . Appreciate your help . Examiners from BC and IDP are trained in the same way, follow the same questions and also following the same marking criteria. There should be no difference. You must get in touch with your local test center to find out if they use headphones for on gambling listening. Many students prefer headphones, so definitely check that. hope you are well and at your best . You have triggered our imagination by phd coursework this new topic .Aptly , I responded and essay on gambling, hope that you could comment on this answer and score it . Wish you all success and in malaysia, eternal happiness . It has been argued by some that studying history is beneficial while others contend that benefits gained from learning history are indisputable . Personally , I believe that history is intrinsic for forming one’s national and cultural identity and , therefore , should be taught and boosted . On the thesis statement for macbeth, one hand ,it is thought the impact and outcomes of studying history are not as essential as those of science and technology . An example illustrating this in action is that it is phd coursework in malaysia, physics that has led man to in organizations thesis, Earth and even space , not history . Equally importantly , though it is the study of biology and chemistry which has resulted in eliminating and treating diseases , not history . Thereupon , time and in malaysia, efforts should not be addressed learning history and , instead , should be directed to the most influential subjects . Paper. In other words , the contributions of History are marginal and therefore studying it is considered a waste of time. On the other hand , advocates argue that the benefits of studying history could never be ignored or trivialized for a couple of reasons . Firstly , Through studying history , an in malaysia early deepened sense of belonging and patriotism within children is created . secondly , through examining the feats and e-business in organizations, misdeeds or the rise and fall of our ancestors , a lot of lessons and manners could be derived to phd coursework in malaysia, help people to promptly tackle future ambiguities . In my opinion , I believe that history bears within printed pages and chronicle inscriptions the essay research, cultural identity of a country which could be seriously distorted and weakened if history is not aptly taught and passed to in malaysia, all generations .Equally importantly , though studying history creates sense of nationalism and pride . Statement For Macbeth Research Paper. Take the history of ancient Egypt which is a taught under the theme ” Egyptology ” , it brings pride to all Egyptians all the world over . In conclusion , it is indisputable that the benefits of learning history outweigh the drawbacks . If teaching history id given its due time and efforts , culture and good manners of our ancestors will be aptly reserved and phd coursework, exquisitely passed to coming generations . I am sorry . Short Essays Happiness. I mean not beneficial in phd coursework, the first line of my introduction. Sorry, I forget to add – check your punctuation.

You’ve got issues with capital letters. You write well and have some very good vocabulary. You have agreed with history should be taught and is important. Therefore, you should combine your opinion body paragraph with the discussion paragraph. But make sure you write “On the other hand, some people believe, and I agree, that …”. We generally only persuasive essay on gambling have a separate body paragraph for the opinion when you are presenting a view that agrees with neither side – a balanced view. For this essay, it would be impossible. I’m glad you included an example of “Egyptology” – I’m currently learning Egyptian history and I love it #128578; A good essay on phd coursework the whole. Hope you are well . Thanks so much for your nice pleasant comments comments . E-business. You have really been of a great help . Your comment that we have only body paragraph for balanced opinion is so beneficial for me . thanks again and it gives me pleasure that you are interested in Egyptology . Wish you all success and in malaysia, happiness . hello Liz, would you please have a look at my essay?

It is argumentative essay ads, considered by many people that learning about history is a time wasting, whereas others argue that studying history is valuable. In my opinion, i believe that studying history is phd coursework in malaysia, extremely important in term of learning about psychotherapy essays online, culture , and science, medicine development. on the one hand,history is a subject that is rarely used in people s lives. Thus, it would be better to phd coursework, focus on science and extended essay, technology, which is more relevant to the future. Phd Coursework. In other word, they should use the school time effectively, because students are loosing the motivation to study subjects like history that has no important role in essay on gambling, day to day life.

For instance, most people memorize dates,names and facts when they study history. This information is not useful for in malaysia the future. on the other hand,history helps young people understand their own culture and how their culture and country have evolved. For instance,immigrants to Canada must study the Canadian history to understand how this country evolved and will help to unify people in Canada. Furthermore,Valuable information can often be found in history, how science and medicine had developed over the years. This will help the scientists to discover new innovations that can improve people lives and health.For example,Nitrous oxide has been used for anaesthesia in dentistry from the 18th century, nowadays scientists discover that such medication can be helpful to extended essay research, treat addictions.

In conclusion, although history has many information that not used today, studying history is important for our present as will as for our future. Don’t forget to put your opinion in in malaysia, the body paragraphs as well with the side you agree with. Also check your linking devices – spelling and academic linking – because you have a few mistakes. Otherwise, it’s quite good. Thank you Liz for essay ads your advice i appreciated i am working on in malaysia my writing for band 7 and your site is thesis, realy helpful. Today, I’ll be posting a lesson about how to improve your sentences for IELTS writing. I’ve used sentences from your essay for the lesson (but not given your name). In Malaysia. Please take a look at the lesson when it’s posted so you can learn from it. Hi Liz, that is great i cannot wait for essay research this lesson , so i will learn from in malaysia it . Thank you.

Hi liz, I wrote an essay that was very much close to the topic above and would like to essays about, humbly ask if my points were relevant and in malaysia, if ever, what band will you mark it.. Some people believe that history is essays, very important and we must study the phd coursework, past to understand the present. Others say that it has little or no use at all. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Today in our society, there are multitude of extended essay research, people who believe that the things that had happened in the. past have some connection in present time, thus studying history is of vital importance. However, this idea is being contended by phd coursework others who consider that history should be burried as it provides no relevance.

To begin, an argument put forward by some people is that allocating time to thesis for macbeth, dig and study history is phd coursework, just a. waste of about, precious time. It could be due to the fact that learning and reviving some of past phenomena. do not really have any signficant benefits on our society, and maybe counterproductively, it will just bring back. sorrowful memories of the phd coursework, events that had happened at some point in the past. As an essay illustration, studying. how and why the Nazis executed thousand of Jews during the genocide era do no realy pose any contribution. to modern society. Instead, by phd coursework reliving a piece of that history only brings back feelings of extreme lost and. depression. To put it in psychotherapy, another way, some people believe that we should just focus on what is currently happening rather than dwelling on things that already happened and cannot be undone. However, there is phd coursework, a plausible theory that many hold, inculding myself, that in psychotherapy essays online, one way or another, history is the key to be enlightened regarding the state of our society in this very moment.

Take for example the sensitive issue on how racial equality was achieved amongst African-American in the West, and as a consequence, the idea of slavery, which was once part of the phd coursework, norm, is now considered strongly unethical in most societies. Thus, it it is really crucial for people to have knowledge regarding the argumentative essay ads, past to understand the present. In conclusion, although the thought of embracing history does not really have direct and advantageous effects in our society, it is still an essential component of people’s lives as it serves to give explantion about the way we are living today. Don’t forget that the instructions ask you to discuss and give your opinion. Where is in malaysia, your opinion? You have only done half of what is asked. You must not ignore the instructions. Your opinion must go in the introduction, the body and conclusion.

Also, I wouldn’t recommend using the about, “Holocaust” as an example of why people shouldn’t study history. It’s a very poor example. The Holocaust is a reason why people should learn history. I rarely comment on the type of examples given but I think you need to phd coursework, plan more carefully. Also try to present equally well developed ideas which means keep your paragraphs more balanced. I have to admit that history topic is quite difficult for me. Also, I will definitely consider your suggestions. ^_^ Is it posible examiner could give cover latter instead of,complain,request,offering,job or something else. Hope for the reply. Yes, of course.

For the e-business thesis, GT writing task 1 test, you could be asked to write a letter to apply for a position which explains where you saw the job advert, why you want the the position and what experience you have that is phd coursework in malaysia, relevant. just now i red your rule of posting in which one sentence were very much appealed to statement for macbeth, me.is that,”WHAT BAND SCORE IS YOUR AIM”i am going for GT. therefore,i ve plan for phd coursework bnd score 8. So,in this regard what would be your best advice to me. hope for your kind consideration for extended research my request ! looking forward to hearing from you. I don’t give band scores.

But I will tell you that to get band score 8, you need to produce sentences that are mainly without any errors in phd coursework, either grammar or vocabulary. That’s means excellent English. Extended. Do you have that level? If your level of English is not high enough, you will have problems to get the score you want. Get your English assessed before you book your test. Please check my band score page to learn more about the requirements for phd coursework each band score. Copy,thank you teacher.

Litering in the street. Conclusion and introduction i try that,which is asked by you befire. Your comments would Be valuable for me ti make myself better. Thanks a million for helpful ideas about the history. You are the best teacher. Here is my introduction; There are arguments that whether studying history is argumentative, waste of time or not. Both views have their distinctive pros and cons. In Malaysia. In my opinion, learning their past is essential lesson for following reasons.

Here’s the improvement: There are different views as to whether studying history is research, valuable or not. In my opinion, I believe that history is essential to learn in terms of learning about phd coursework in malaysia, culture, developing identity and taking responsibility for the future. Hope you are well. I am a frequent user of your site which helps me to develop various ideas about IELTS and statement paper, helps me to take my preparation. But I have still problem with the phd coursework, exact answer about the question for writing task 2 as to what extent do you agree or disagree.

Suppose there is a topic’ some people think that mixed school is better than single school. To what extent do you agree or disagree ? I am confused to short about happiness, write my thesis statement because there are many advantage and disadvantage for both and its really hard with write I am totally agree. I agree with mixed is better but I also think that single school has some advantage. So how could I paraphrase this opinion based topic ? Would you please help me ? If you want to write a balanced view, you will need to be very clear and specify your thoughts. Phd Coursework. Are single sex schools better for younger children? Or are single sex schools better for short happiness older children? Be clear and exact. Imagine someone asked you to write a law about phd coursework in malaysia, types of schools – how would you write that law? Thanks for reply but still I am problem.

I just wanted to know how I draw my thesis statement about thesis research, it whereas I know I have agreement about phd coursework, mixed school. Short About Happiness. but I want to in malaysia, tell something about single sex. Would you please make a thesis statement about this topic which will be really helpful to understand the real way of making thesis statement in any kind of opinion based topic. To write a balanced view thesis statement requires a strong control and accuracy in English. I don’t recommend you try. Your English is not strong enough. Argumentative Essay Ads. Instead, it would be better for you to just choose one side. If your English language is weak and the examiner has problems understanding your ideas, your band score will not even get to band score 6. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. So, choose one side and ads, aim for a higher score.

Current IELTS exam topics and questions: Share your IELTS test results. Useful Links for IELTS Line Graphs in phd coursework, WT1. WT1 Table 30th Sept: To be completed. IELTS Model Essays for September 2017. IELTS Writing Questions September 2017. Answer to yesterday’s paraphrasing exercise 3. Hi, my name is Elizabeth (Liz). I'm an experienced IELTS teacher from the UK and a graduate of the online, University of London. I have been teaching for over 16 years and for the last 9 years I have specialised, exclusively, in IELTS.

I have taught in a number of countries: England, Spain, New Zealand, South Korea, China and Vietnam, where I taught at phd coursework the British Council.

THE CONFLICT BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHECHNYA. Working Paper #95-5(1) By Mariya Yevsyukova. Department of Sociology. University of in malaysia Colorado, Boulder. This paper was written with a small grant from the Conflict Resolution Consortium, University of Colorado. Funding for the Consortium and its Small Grants Program was provided by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. The statements and ideas presented in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Conflict Resolution Consortium, the University of Colorado, or the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. For more information, contact the Conflict Resolution Consortium, Campus Box 327, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0327. Phone: (303) 492-1635, e-mail: crc@cubldr.colorado.edu.

Copyright (C) 1995. Mariya Yevsyokova. Do not reprint without permission. Checheno-Ingushetia at a glance. Geography: 7,350 square miles, about the size of thesis for macbeth paper New Jersey. Population: Chechen and Ingush. are ethnically related Turkic. peoples, mainly Sunni Muslim,

who speak Caucasian languages. About 52% of its 1.27 million. people are Chechen, 12% Ingush. Economy: It contains a major. Soviet oil field as well as. chemical factories, food. canneries, timber and. Los Angeles Times, Nov. 10,1991.

[I feel that it is necessary to phd coursework know the history of Russian-Chechen relations in order to understand the current situation in this region. The contemporary conflict in this area can be understood as the essay, consequence of the ongoing struggle of phd coursework in malaysia Chechen people for independence against oppressive czarist and Soviet national policy. Such a national policy has not only straight linkages with particular events, but it generally influenced the political process in Russia.] I. CONFLICT HISTORY. The Chechno-Ingushes are natives of the Caucasus. Islam came to the Caucasus in the 7th Century, but was not deeply rooted in mountainous Chechnya until the 18th Century.

I agree that the dominant ideology of Chechnya is not Islam but nationalism (Los Angeles Times, Jan. Research? 16). It unites 150 clans (teips) which represent a sometimes contentious and largely egalitarian society. From the phd coursework in malaysia, 13th Century until the essay ads, end of the 19th Century, the Chechen people have always had to defend their land against phd coursework in malaysia foreign invaders. These centuries have molded their character. Their bellicosity, independence, and courage were noted in short about happiness Russian literature at phd coursework in malaysia, the time of the Caucasian War in the 19th Century (Lermontov) and in The Gulag Archipelago (Solzhenitsyn). In 1722, during the essay, Persian Campaign, Peter the Great visited Chechnya. Phd Coursework? The process of colonization of Chechnya by Russia dates from that time. In the 1780s the Vaynakhs (Chechens and Ingush) rose up to fight against Russian domination. The movement which began in Chechnya under Sheik Mansur engulfed virtually all the Northern Caucasus.

The movement was suppressed by the Russian army in 1789. The Caucasian War (1817-1864). In the first half of the century, the war of liberation of the Chechens and Ingush against the colonial troops virtually never ceased. It became especially intense after General Ye. P. Yermolov was appointed Governor General of the Caucasus in 1816. Extended Essay Research? Russia had decided to speed up the process of in malaysia colonization of the Northern Caucasus because its link with Transcaucasia was extremely tenuous (Georgia and on gambling Azerbaijan has already been annexed to the empire in the early 19th century).

General Yermolov's tactic was a planned incursion deep into Chechnya and Mountainous Dagestan followed by surrounding the mountain rayons (districts) by a tight circle of fortifications, clearing lines through nearly impenetrable woods, laying roads, and phd coursework destroying villages which resisted. Persuasive Essay On Gambling? The result of phd coursework Yermolov's activity in the Caucasus was the relatively stable subordination of Dagestan, Chechnya, and the Transkuban. After Yermolov, I.F. Paskevich headed the Russian troops in the Caucasus. He decided to abandon the tactics of planned incursion and seizure of territory and returned to the practice of conducting punitive expeditions.

A new stage of the mountain dwellers' national liberation movement started in 1828. A Muslim movement to strictly observe the rules of the Shariat (the Muslim religious rules) in the life of the mountain peoples began in Dagestan. Gradually Vaynakhs, who observed the persuasive on gambling, rules of the Adat (the traditional civil law), joined the in malaysia, movement of Kazi Magomed, who was declared Imam in e-business December 1828; he promoted the idea of uniting the peoples of phd coursework Chechnya and Dagestan. Two years after Magomed's death, Shamil headed the Shariat movement and became Imam. Ads? Shamil's struggle under the slogan of phd coursework in malaysia a holy war lasted 20 years; however, the strength of his state was severely undermined. Persuasive Essay On Gambling? During the war, Chechnya's entire territory was the site of constant battles. In April 1859, the movement was suppressed; but, the Caucasian war continued until 1864. It took a Russian expeditionary force of 200,000 men to end this revolt in 1859.

In order to strengthen Russian influence in the Caucasus, the phd coursework, czarist government expelled the Chechens and Ingush from the research, 'flat' territories and in malaysia moved Cossacks to their lands. As a form of protest against such a policy, abreks [Caucasian mountain bands who fought the Russians in the 19th century] appeared. The abreks attacked the online, representatives of the phd coursework, local administration, military officers, and Cossacks; they robbed the farms established on essays online their lands which had been confiscated. Overall, unrest in Chechnya did not cease until 1917. Checheno-Ingushetia From 1917 through 1985. During the years of the Civil War (1918-1920), most Chechens and Ingushs supported the phd coursework, Bolsheviks. After the occupation of the Northern Caucasus by the Red Army in 1921, the Gorskaya ASSR was formed in the Northern Caucasus. Short Happiness? On November 30, 1922, the Chechen and Ingush areas were detached from the Gorskaya ASSR to form the Chechen and Ingush Oblasts. Several small oblasts were created to prevent the Caucasians from phd coursework consolidation. On January 15, 1934, the two oblasts were merged to psychotherapy essays online form the phd coursework in malaysia, Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Oblast; on December 5, 1936, this became the Chechen-Ingush ASSR.

In 1929, during the collectivization process, violations of policy occurred, leading to an uprising which continued until 1934. In August 1936, as the result of operations to eliminate 'anti-Soviet elements', 10,000 people were arrested in Chechnya and Ingushetia, and numerous trails were held. Virtually all the leaders -- from the rayon authorities to the employees of the republic organs of Checheno- Ingushetia -- were arrested. At the same time, there were uprisings and short about the break-up of the kolhozes began in the territory of Chechno- Ingushetia; the Provisional People's Revolutionary Government of Checheno-Ingushetia was proclaimed. The war of 1941-1945 revived the rebel movement in the mountains of Checheno-Ingushetia. In June 1942, the phd coursework in malaysia, rebel government issued an appeal to the Chechen-Ingush people; it stated that the Caucasian peoples were awaiting the Germans as guests and would be hospitable to e-business thesis them only if they granted complete recognition of the independence of the Caucasus. In the spring of 1942, Soviet planes bombarded Checheno- Ingushetia twice. The Germans were unable to capture the territory of Checheno-Ingushetia; nonetheless, Stalin's government accused the Chechen and Ingush peoples of treachery and phd coursework organized their mass expulsion to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in February 1944. In February 1944, the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was liquidated.

During the deportation, half of the population died of hunger, cold, and disease. Consequently, the e-business thesis, rebel movement erupted in the mountains of Checheno-Ingushetia with new force in 1944. Phd Coursework? Representatives of this movement used the prerevolutionary tactics of the abreks: they attacked the thesis for macbeth research, administration and the military from the mountains. Several NKVD (internal security) divisions were sent to Checheno- Ingushetia to eliminate this movement; by the end of the in malaysia, mid- 1950s, the rebel uprising in Checheno-Ingushetia had been virtually eliminated. But, even into essays online the 1960s, there were partisans hiding in the mountains who had suspended terrorist activity after the restoration (1957) of the republic; they hid from the authorities and phd coursework in malaysia continued to seek vengeance on representatives of the KGB (successor organization to the NKVD). At first, the short essays, perestroyka which had begun in March 1985 had no fundamental impact on the political life of Checheno- Ingushetiya. The first sign of changes was the phd coursework in malaysia, criticism of the historical writings of extended essay research professor Vinogradov (the author of the concept of the 'voluntary inclusion of Checheno-Ingushetiya in Russia) theory by historians of Dagestan in 1987. In Malaysia? During 1987, tension in the society steadily increased; and, by the end of the year, only psychotherapy, a pretext was needed to spur the in malaysia, spontaneously forming opposition into essay action.

The news of the construction of the Gudermes Biochemical Plant (BCP) to produce lysine became such a pretext. By the phd coursework in malaysia, summer of 1988, organizers of the movement to thesis research paper stop the construction in Grozny had united into phd coursework the 'Union To Promote Perestroyka'; they soon reorganized into the Popular Front of the ChI ASSR. Until the fall of 1990, the Popular Front was the e-business thesis, main opposition to the party-Soviet leadership of Checheno- Ingushetiya. The slogan of restoring historical truth about the past of the Vaynakh (Chechen-Ingush) people and exposure of the semiofficial concept of the 'voluntary inclusion of in malaysia Chechen-Ingush in Russia' became some of the main policies of the persuasive essay on gambling, Popular Front. In June 1989, the organization bureau of the Chechen-Ingush Obkom of the CPSU (Communist Party) elected Doku Zavgayev as first secretary; he became the first Chechen to hold the post of head of Checheno-Ingushetia in all the years of Soviet power.

When he assumed leadership, liberalization of the party regime in the ChI ASSR began. A new political force -- the Vaynakh Democratic Party (VDP) -- which became the main powerful opposition to Zavgayev's government appeared in the summer of 1990. The VDP leaders considered forming a sovereign Vaynakh (Chechen-Ingush) Republic as an independent state in an equal Union of SSR's as their main goal. On November 1990, the phd coursework, Chechen National Congress was held in Groznyy. The idea of sovereignty became the main slogan of the Congress. On 27 November 1990, the session of the republic Supreme Soviet adopted the extended, 'Declaration on State Sovereignty of the Checheno-Ingush Republic'. Phd Coursework? According to the Declaration, the Checheno-Ingush Republic (ChIR) was declared a sovereign state which would sign the Union and federative treaties on an equal basis.

In actual fact, the Declaration did not change the state of affairs in the republic and made almost no change in e-business thesis the character of Checheno-Ingushetiya's ties with the Union and phd coursework the Russian center. In December 1990, the VDP and organizations close to it created an opposition bloc, the 'National Movement of the Chechen People', whose main goals were the thesis statement research paper, struggle to realize the idea of in malaysia 'national sovereignty' of the Chechen Republic and the desire to unite the peoples of the Northern Caucasus into a confederative state outside the RSFSR. Major General Dzhokhar Dudayev was elected chairman of the thesis statement for macbeth research paper, executive committee of the Chechen National Congress. He began to support the radical nationalists in the committee who openly announced their goal: to overthrow the ChIR Supreme Soviet and phd coursework in malaysia seize power. The attempted coup in the USSR of 19-21 August 1991 became the catalyst for thesis for macbeth paper, a sudden social explosion in Checheno-Ingushetiya which was named the 'Chechen revolution'. II. HISTORY OF THE CONTEMPORARY CONFLICT. 1. The 'Chechen Revolution'. On 22 August 1991, the phd coursework in malaysia, leadership of the NCChP executive committee and the leaders of the opposition parties demanded the resignation of the ChIR Supreme Soviet, which had been unable to take a principled position during the days of the coup.

In the evening of that same day, the demonstrators surrounded the republic television building and seized it after a minor scuffle with the militia. Members of the e-business, RSFSR Supreme Soviet Presidium arrived on 26 of August and warned Zavgayev not to use force. On 1-2 September, the third session of the National Congress of the Chechen People met and phd coursework in malaysia declared the ChIR Supreme Soviet overthrown and handed power over the territory of Chechnya over to extended essay research the NCChP executive committee. Phd Coursework In Malaysia? Another two delegations of Russian officials conducted negotiations with Chechen leaders in order find a solution to short about happiness the crisis. On 14 September, the acting chairman of the RSFSR Supreme Soviet, R. Khasbulatov, flew to the republic and firmly demanded the resignation of the ChIR deputy corps; the in malaysia, deputies passed a decision on the resignation. New parliamentary elections were set for 17 November; during the transition period, power was handed over to paper the Provisional High Council of the ChIR (PHC ChIR). Later, Khazbulatov said that it was Boris Yeltsin who wanted Zavgayev out of office so that Khadziev, 'a more suitable person', could replace him. The decision to transfer power to the Provisional High Council did not suit the NCChP executive committee, which demanded powers only for itself. During the night of 7-8 October, soldiers from the national guard seized the PHC residence; the members of the phd coursework in malaysia, council, in essay on gambling fact, found that their status had been changed to illegal. On 9 October, the in malaysia, RSFSR Supreme Soviet Presidium issued a decree: 'On the Political Situation in the ChIR'; the Russian leadership demanded that the unlawful paramilitary formations disarm and persuasive on gambling declared that the in malaysia, Provisional High Council was the only lawful organ of power on the territory of the ChIR. However, the leaders of the NCChP executive committee continued to about make preparations for the election of the president and parliament of the Chechen Republic (ChR); the elections were held on 27 October 1991.

As observers and the press emphasized, the elections campaign took place in conditions of an aggravated standoff among various political forces; television and radio were blockaded by General Dudayev's guardsmen. Taking into account the unfair conditions of the elections, seven contenders for the post of president of the ChP withdrew their candidacies. Phd Coursework? The chairman of the NCChP executive committee, (Ret) General D. Dudayev, was elected the e-business, president of the ChR. Later, the make-up of the ChR parliament was announced. The RSFSR Supreme Soviet, the ChIR Council of phd coursework in malaysia Ministers, and short essays happiness a number of influential sociopolitical movements of Checheno- Ingushetia did not recognize the election results. On November 10, 1991, Russia's President Yeltsin sent 650 troops to enforce a state of emergency in Checheno-Ingushetia. Dudayev . In Malaysia? defied Yeltsin's decree and argumentative essay mobilized thousands of armed supporters to challenge the troops. The troops withdrew when Russian lawmakers and the Kremlin made it clear that they did not support military action in phd coursework the region (The Washington Post, Nov. 13, 1991, p. 6). The decree of the RSFSR president declaring a state of emergency in the ChIR fundamentally changed the line-up of political forces in Checheno-Ingushetia.

D. Dudayev held a press conference where the president of Chechnya announced the firm intention of the extended, ChR to create an independent state. The Provisional High Council of the ChIR and its militia dissolved without notice on the very first day of the crisis. Thus, the attempt to introduce a state of emergency in Checheno-Ingushetia led to phd coursework the legitimization of the president and parliament of the ChR and to the disappearance of the opposition. The 'Chechen revolution' was victorious. The first attempt to solve conflict by force failed. A year after these events, a state of emergency was declared in the Chechen-Ingush republic as a result of ethnic fighting between Ingushs and Ossetins; after the deportation of the Ingush in e-business 1944, some of in malaysia their lands ended up in the hands of Ossetians. Dudayev threatened to declare war on Moscow if it didn't withdraw troops from around the borders of Checheno-Ingushetia. By that time, the Ingushs had already declared themselves independent from Chechnya.

Russia agreed to pull troops back from the disputed border. 2. A Three Year Interregnum. The romantic period of the struggle for independence was over. Moscow established economic, financial, and air blockades of the republic; Chechen leaders were unable to establish a democratic regime. E-business In Organizations Thesis? After a year of in malaysia independence, there was an economic and political crisis in the republic. The only economic reform was the hiving off of the state business to mafia clans. Extended Essay? The state farms were robbed and crime grew at a frightening rate. In Malaysia? The Chechen parliament came out e-business in organizations decisively in opposition to the president after Dudayev tried to prevent the referendum (that the in malaysia, Chechen parliament had declared) on happiness the form of the government in the republic and on the need for in malaysia, sovereignty and independence. The president accused parliament -- which had tried to negotiate with Russia about the status of the Chechen Republic -- of betraying the cause of independence. Parliament was liquidated by an edict of the psychotherapy essays online, president in April and direct presidential rule was introduced. A new 'parliament' was created on the base of a national radical faction which had unconditionally supported Dudayev; very similar events were taking part in phd coursework Russia at about, that time.

Two groups of high-ranking Moscow politicians, separately and independently of each other, were conducting confidential negotiations with two feuding Chechen groups. The aim of negotiations was to return Chechnya to the bosom of the phd coursework in malaysia, Federation. The Ministry of the Russian Federation on Nationality Affairs, headed by Sergey Shakhray, was building bridges with the irreconcilable Chechen opposition, which promised Moscow numerous concessions (Leaders of the opposition were asking to short essays be helped materially and to be recognized as the legal authority in Chechnya. On their part, they pledged themselves to overthrow the present regime, to organize parliamentary elections, and to transform their republic into a valuable component of the Russian Federation.) At the same time, the administration of the phd coursework in malaysia, president of Russia, headed by Sergey Filatov, was trying to fix relations with Dudayev. Filatov transparently hinted at an alleged planned meeting of the two presidents (a success about which Dudayev could only dream). He intended to ads sign a treaty with Grozny on the division of powers and subjects of jurisdiction similar to the Russian-Tatar treaty. But, Dudayev issued instructions to conduct negotiations only 'about improving relations with Russia'. Shakhray insisted that it was impossible to in malaysia come to an agreement with Dudayev and that it was necessary to rely on 'other sociopolitical forces in short essays happiness the republic'. In addition, third persons were also insinuating themselves into the negotiating process. Viktor Chernomyrdin received Deputy Prime Minister Mugodayev of the phd coursework in malaysia, Dudayev government and settled certain problems about the Grozny oil refinery plant and thesis research a number of other local enterprises.

Russian leaders chose to support the opposition. Since August 1994, it had supported the opposition Internal Council with Umar Avturkhanov at the head; he obtained over 10 billion rubles as well as covert military support from Russia. (The Economist, Sept. 24, 1994; The New York Times, Dec. 13; Literaturnaya Gazeta, Nov. 30, 1994).) I think that the Russians intended for Dudayev to lose control over a significant part of the territory and for the opposition to arm itself so that the phd coursework in malaysia, Groznyy leader really would become a very tractable partner. President Yeltsin decided to begin official talks with Chechnya's authorities; Shakhray was dismissed from the leadership by the Ministry of Nationality Affairs. Yeltsin's administration insisted that three key items were basic foundations for short essays about, the talks: 1. Chechnya would sign the Federation treaty as an RF entity; 2. It would hold elections for the Federal Assembly; 3. It would stop the anti-Russian propaganda campaign.

In exchange for these conditions, the RF leadership, as was evident from V. Shumeyko's declaration, was ready to recognize Dudayev's presidential powers and, thus, the legitimacy of phd coursework his regime. It is evident that Shumeyko's intention to recognize Dudayev's regime in exchange for Chechnya's sovereignty prevailed over Shakhray's, who stated that it was impossible to declare the elections in Chechnya invalid from statement a legal standpoint. The RF side insisted that representatives from the political forces opposed to his regime also participate in the talks. Dudayev declared that he would not negotiate if his opposition would participate in phd coursework in malaysia the talks and extended essay research that he intended to phd coursework conduct the talks at the highest level. Psychotherapy Essays? In his letter to Chernomyrdin (Narod, No 3, March 1994) he still talked about a single independent state ready to in malaysia become a CIS member. At that time, Sergey Filatov declared that Russia had two solutions to the problem: a mild one (talks and political means) and a harsh one (forceful means). Unfortunately, because of a new power arrangement in the Russian government, the second alternative was chosen. 3. Russian Intervention.

In November 1994, the Russian Air Forces started bombing Grozny, the Chechen capital; Russia sent thousands of troops backed by tanks and aircraft to end Chechnya's independence bid on December 11; but, it has been unable to quell dogged resistance by the local fighters. On December 12, talks between Russians and Chechens began in Vladikavkaz. December 15 was the deadline that President Yeltsin had given for the secessionists to essay research lay down their weapons. The Chechen leaders say they will never lay down their arms until Russians troops retreat from their land. Russia says its soldiers will eagerly comply [withdraw] but only after thousands of Chechens are disarmed (The New York Times, Dec. 14, 1994). On December 14, the Chechen delegation walked out of truce negotiations in Vladikavkaz. On December 15, the Chechen government tried to get the phd coursework in malaysia, United States involved by asking Vice President Al Gore to act as a mediator between the Russian and Chechen negotiators.

However, Washington insisted that it viewed the controversy as an internal Russian affair. All further attempts to re-start negotiations came to a standstill because each side made demands similar to those which ended the first negotiations. Groznyy was captured in February after weeks of fierce air and artillery bombardment and street fighting which left the city, once home to 400,000 people, in ruins. Short Essays? Russia's Human Right Commissioner, Sergei Kovalyov, has said that 24,000 civilians were killed just in Groznyy. Colonel-General Anatoly Kulikov, commander of the joint army and interior ministry troops in Chechnya, said 1,426 federal soldiers had died in Chechnya.

The reconstruction work in Chechnya was expected to cost 5.3 trillion rubles (1 billion dollars) in 1995. At the beginning of April, Russians appeared to have achieved a turning point, having taking Gudermes, Chechnya's second city, and Shali, the last major stronghold of the separatists. Phd Coursework? This left Russian forces in control of all the east of Chechnya and about two thirds of the whole North Caucasus region. They also control a key railway leading from Russia proper to Azerbaijan and the Caspian sea. Russia established a 'puppet government' of 'national revival of the Chechen republic', with Salambek Khadziyev as the head. But, the conflict is not over: the rebels led by Dzokhar Dudayev have made no secret of their intention to launch a guerrilla campaign from the Caucasus mountains. Persuasive Essay? It is clear that the phd coursework in malaysia, Chechens won't forgive its humiliation and the brutality of the Russians during the war. Possibly as in Afghanistan, where Russia also installed a puppet leader, Russia will have to keep military forces in the republic in order to essay defend this new regime. After information about the severe violation of human rights in Chechnya by Russian military actions appeared, the European Parliament and phd coursework the whole world community tried to force Russia to stop the e-business, brutal war by political and economic means. The European Parliament renewed its calls for an immediate cease-fire, the in malaysia, creation of safety corridors to facilitate rescue operations, and for macbeth research paper re-opening of negotiations.

It requested that an OSCE permanent mission be established. The tone of the European Parliament resolution was considered by in malaysia Russia as not appropriate for a dialogue with a 'great power, which Russia undoubtedly is'(Interfax news agency, 17 Mar., 1995). E-business Thesis? Russia failed to take any notice of the European Union calls, it refused to cooperate with the OSCE, blocked humanitarian aid, and stepped up military operations in defiance of EU calls for a ceasefire. [The conflict and the history of in malaysia Russia-Chechnya relations have not yet been analyzed by historians. That is why I base my research on Russian, American and argumentative essay English magazine and newspaper articles, Caucasian Review [a magazine issued by emigrants from Caucasus in 1950s], and some Soviet books about the phd coursework, history of the thesis for macbeth research paper, Northern Caucasus. Magazine and newspaper articles are less reliable sources of information since they sometimes use unverified facts.

In spite of government attempts to limit information, the conflict has been truthfully represented in in malaysia the Russian media.] III. CONFLICT CONTEXT. 1. This conflict took place in the context of the ads, disintegration of the Soviet Union. The Baltic Republics were the first. Compared to republics in the Russian federation, Soviet republics had a constitutional right to secede. There was a conflict between Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and Russian President Boris Yeltsin. Mikhail Gorbachev criticized Yeltsin's handling of the crisis and blocked the phd coursework in malaysia, use of Soviet Interior Ministry troops to statement research enforce Yeltsin's emergency decree. Phd Coursework? The Russian parliament refused to endorse Yeltsin's state of emergency decree. This was a challenge of Yeltsin's authority which came at a time of extended essay research deeping ethnic and economic crisis.

Bushkiria and Tatarstan, Muslim areas east of Moscow, declared that they wanted full independence. The Russian government was poised to implement radical and unpopular economic reform which was also criticized by Gorbachev. This situation helped Dudayev to consolidate his power. Both the Georgian president and phd coursework in malaysia the Chechen people supported Dudayev's position. 2. Dudayev had three years of independence. E-business Thesis? The Soviet Union disintegrated during that time.

Unfortunately, as in phd coursework many other republics, the Chechen government was corrupt and was closely tied with the Mafia. However, if we look at crime, corruption, and Mafia activities in Russia, the situation is not much different from that in Chechnya. The Russian press created an image of Chechens as gangsters: Muscovites were told that the persuasive essay, strongest Mafia group in Moscow is phd coursework in malaysia, Chechen. This propaganda influenced public opinion. Relations between Moscow and other republics of the Russian Federation improved; the constitution adopted at the end of 1993 laid out a rudimentary division of powers between the federal government and about happiness the various parts of the Russian federation. Bashkortostan signed the federation treaty in 1992. In February 1994, Russia and Tatarstan signed a treaty after three years of negotiations. As can be seen, Russia already had some successful experience in reaching agreements in similar situations. For three years, Russia limited its actions to supporting the Chechen opposition. Analysts suggest several reasons: first, Russia already had significant negative experience conquering Chechnya; second, Dudayev threatened to respond with terrorism in Moscow; third, it was reported that Russian policy was intervening just enough to destabilise Chechnya but too little to guarantee the final result (The Economist, Sept. 24, 1994, p.54).

This raises the question as to what caused Russia to change its policy. 3. It is possible that the in malaysia, answer is the new power arrangement in argumentative ads Russian government. Because of the Constitution of in malaysia December 1993, Boris Yeltsin wields more power than almost any democratically elected president in the world. He did not consult about Chechnya either with the presidential council or with the government. Nobody in the presidential staff bothered to go through the motion of lobbying the two houses of parliament. (The Economist, Jan. 7, 1995.) The decision about the 1994 invasion was made by a group known as the about happiness, party of war. This group includes the heads of the power ministries (defense, interior and the former KGB). The Russian parliament failed to pass a clear resolution about this decision. Legally, Chechnya doesn't have a right to phd coursework secede from the Russian Federation; the Russian Constitution does not permit it. The Russian Parliament officially forbade high level negotiations with Chechen government because the later was not recognized as legitimate.

The same resolution, adopted nine months ago, forbade the Russian government to negotiate until free elections were conducted in Chechnya. (Vechernaya Moskva, Dec. 15, 1994.) After the beginning of the 1994 military action, the Russian government showed an unwillingness to negotiate with Dudayev. Ads? In his last proposals, he agreed to negotiate some form of confederation with Russia short of in malaysia independence. But 'the party of war' talked about only one thing - the terms of Chechnya's capitulation.

The fact that the military refused to thesis statement obey Yeltsin's orders to stop bombing indicates that his grip on the levers of power was weak. IV. In Malaysia? CONFLICT PARTIES. A. Primary. Persuasive Essay On Gambling? I would name Russia and Chechnya as primary parties. But it is important to phd coursework take into account that there were different forces in Chechnya and that it was Dudayev's regime which came into strict opposition to Russian government. In Russia the decision to invade was made by a few ministers. 20% (from other sources 8%) of the Russian people didn't support the e-business thesis, invasion. B. Secondary . I would name the opposition to Dudayev as a secondary party.

Its leaders were Umar Avturkhanov, Ruslan Khasbulatov, and Ruslan Labazanov. Now, there is another representative -- Mr. Phd Coursework? Yeltsin named a 53-year-old former oil executive, Salambek Khadziev, who is in Moscow, to lead the Chechen Government of National Rebirth (The New York Times, Dec. 27, 1994, p. A6). The Soviet government played a positive role at the beginning of the conflict. But it did not play the role of mediator encouraging direct or indirect communication between the disputants. [During the short essays about happiness, second period of the conflict (The Three Year Interregnum) there was a conflict inside Chechnya (between the phd coursework in malaysia, opposition and the president), in persuasive essay on gambling which Russia played a role of higher authority (not mediator, because it did not help 'the principles reach a voluntary agreement'; rather, it had it's own goals). It is possible to say that Russian authorities employed covert forms of problem solving strategy. In Malaysia? At that time, they stepped back from contentious strategy and felt that compromise could be achieved. But, a stalemate did not occur. There were no four reasons for it: failure of contentious tactics, exhaustion of necessary resources, loss of social support, and unacceptable costs (Pruitt Rubin, 1986).]

C. Interested third parties. The first group are the other muslim republics of the Russian Federation. The leaders of the Volga republics spoke in support of cessation of hostilities as soon as possible. They met on persuasive essay on gambling January 4th to criticize both the fratricidal war and phd coursework in malaysia Boris Yeltsin for essays online, failing to consult with them before starting it. With the phd coursework, help of Ingush president Ruslan Ayshev, the Chechen delegation met with the Russian prime-minister on short essays happiness January 17, 1995, and agreed to a cease fire to start on the 18th of January; unfortunately, it didn't occur. The second group are various foreign countries and such organizations as the United Nations and Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe. The position of many foreign countries, e.g., the USA, is based on two.

principles: understanding Russia's interest in phd coursework in malaysia not admitting the essays about, existence of in malaysia internal dissidence and the necessity for Russia to apply traditional humanistic values in its actions, such as recognizing human rights. If, at the beginning of the war, the first principle was the pre- eminent concern of the foreign community of nations, then, as Russia violated human rights in Chechnya, criticism of Russia by other countries increased. B. Values-based. The issue of Chechnya independence. Not all of the Chechen people supported this idea. A referendum on this issue was prevented by Dudayev; if it had occurred, the results would provide valuable insight. The Chechen people seem to want to use the natural resources of their country for short about happiness, its own benefit and phd coursework in malaysia have more autonomy and respect. [A hidden interest was the goal of Chechen leaders to engage in personal enrichment by plundering the resources of the country.] Russia could not compromise on the issue of independence because the consequences which could follow Chechen independence were unpredictable.

Another issue is that Chechnya is rich with oil. Even more important is the essays happiness, prevention of oil-rich Azerbaijan from slipping into Turkey's or Iran's sphere of in malaysia influence; this has led to Russia's control both of the eastern end of the Caucasus and short essays of the most of the phd coursework, oil reserves under the Caspian. For this reason, Russia has been trying to force Azerbaijan to agree to pump its oil north through Russian pipelines rather than via Iran. The problem is that the most direct route through Russia brushes past Chechnya (The Economist, Jan. 7, p.39). The economic and political benefits of having Chechnya in Russian Federation are significant. Chechen leaders held a very rigid position. One of the interests of Dudayev's regime was: recognition by Russia.

If, at the beginning, Russia opposed it, then it agreed in exchange for Chechnya's independence; Russia was ready to grant Chechnya more economic and political power by signing a treaty similar to essays Russia-Tatarstan one. Phd Coursework? But Chechen leaders did not want to compromise. D. Nonrealistic. The notion of humiliation and respect played a significant role. Especially, it applies to the Chechen position. The national character of e-business in organizations these people must be considered; they have fought for their independence for centuries. This may be one of the in malaysia, reasons why Dudayev wanted to negotiate only with high Russian officials (prime minister) and did not agree to short essays negotiate with the opposition.

A. Polarization. A very deep polarization between the Russian government and Dudayev's regime existed from the phd coursework in malaysia, beginning of the conflict; this increased to its highest level by the time Russia helped the Chechen opposition and persuasive on gambling began armed conflict. Polarization inside the parties has always existed and its nature has continued to change. Russia: During the phd coursework in malaysia, first stage of the conflict, there was strong opposition to Yeltsin's policy in the Soviet Government and in the Russian parliament. At the second stage, there was a consolidation in Russia: nobody argued about the persuasive on gambling, necessity of the phd coursework, state of emergency because of the ethnic conflict in Ingushetia. The policy of waiting suited the different forces in Russia -- all except for the extreme right. Voices in support of some actions toward the solution of the conflict eventually started to appear. After the invasion, there was a very deep polarization in Russian society. The military actions were supported only by the extreme right forces.

Chechnya: Polarization increased during the conflict. If, at first, Dudayev was supported by the parliament and essay on gambling people, after he established a corrupt regime some forces turned away from in malaysia him: the opposition was formed. But, it wasn't popular among the people because of the collaboration with Russia. During the war, the situation changed: even some opposition forces started fighting on Dudayev's side. B. Escalation. The escalation of the conflict could be described by the 'aggressor-defender model' (Pruitt Rubin, 1986). It is known that 'power use increases with power imbalance' (Cook Emerson, p. 107) The contentious. strategy is likely to be chosen under following conditions: '[A] Party is concerned about own outcomes but not [about the] other's outcomes; [one] party is antagonistic toward the other; [one] party's aspirations are higher and are resistant to lowering; little integrative potential is believed to e-business exist . . [One] party is likely to in malaysia make use of psychotherapy online contentious behavior in in malaysia an effort to lower [the] other's aspirations, while keeping his or her own aspirations at essay, their current high level.' (Pruitt Rubin, p. 44). Phd Coursework In Malaysia? All these patterns can be applied to the behavior of both sides of the conflict.

Using Kenneth Boulding's theory of power (Kenneth Boulding, 1989; Wehr, Burgess Burgess, 1994), it is possible to essay say that Russia tried to implement power of 'violent' threats (forcing power) which were met with defiance and counterthreats; then, when it tried to use exchange (trading) power -- it did not work -- because Chechnya did not want to compromise on the issue of in malaysia independence; then, Russia returned to forcing power. Escalation generally shifts conflict parties into a 'crisis mode' when irreparable errors are more easily committed (Wehr, 1979). The aggressor ordinarily starts with mild contentious tactics because of the costs involved in escalation. But, if this does not work, he or she moves on to heavier tactics, continuing to escalate until the goals are attained or a point is reached at which the value of goal attainment is outweighed by the anticipated cost of continued escalation. The defender merely reacts, escalating his or her efforts in response to the aggressor's escalation. Escalation persists until the aggressor either wins or gives up trying (Pruitt Rubin, 1986, p. 90); this description can be applied to the whole conflict and especially to the last stage. C. Stereotyping. Stereotyping played a big role in essay this conflict: neither of the parties could get rid of stereotypes about each other: Russia focused on in malaysia the illegality of Dudayev's regime and its criminal nature [which though was partly true, but did not rise to the extent of essay on gambling announcing all chechens as criminals]. Chechnya focused on the view of Russia as a suppressor of Chechen liberty, only full independence from Russia could permit Chechnya to grow. Thus, the image of an enemy was created. VII.

ALTERNATIVE ROUTS TO SOLUTIONS OF THE PROBLEMS. Chechen leaders held a rigid position on the main issue of the conflict, which determined the course of the conflict. Phd Coursework In Malaysia? Russia could not compromise on this issue; it tried to suggest other alternatives which were not accepted by the Chechen leaders. Later, they agreed to negotiate about confederation; but at e-business in organizations, that time Russia already started its military campaign. Military power was on its side and it did not want to go retrench.

I think that Russia did not trust Dudayev and that Dudayev did not trust Russia. During the days of Chechen revolution, M. Poltoranin, who was Russian Minister for the Press and Information, suggested to Yeltsin that Dudayev be made presidential representative in Checheno- Ingushetia on the ground that this would persuade his government to 'work for Russia'. In the event that Dudayev rejected the post, he could be arrested. Two well-known experts in ethical political science (Emil Pain and Arkadiy Popov) worked out the concept of in malaysia 'peaceful competition between two systems'. Under this concept, overt socioeconomic (and not military) support should have been offered to extended essay the three northern regions of phd coursework Chechnya, whose population had clearly recognized themselves to be part of the Russian Federation by early September 1994. This strategy was aimed at normalizing life in the Chechen regions loyal to Russia and thus raising Russia's popularity in the eyes of the population so that Chechen residents could make a well thought out choice in a year when elections to short essays happiness the republic's new power structures would be held. The concept provided for the possibility of open political talks with the in malaysia, Chechen opposition and confirming and strengthening the powers of the head of the thesis for macbeth research, Nadterechnyy district administration, Umar Avturkhanov. I would say this was the route toward a nonviolent solution of the conflict.

The leader of Russia's Democratic Choice (Party), Yegor Gaydar, said in one of his speeches that all attempts made in the second half of the 20th century to resolve ethnic problems by force failed completely. In his opinion, the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1990-1991 began with the degradation of the army, the CPSU, and the KGB that had kept the country together. In 1991, he believes, the USSR actually fell into 16, not 15, parts because in phd coursework autumn 1991 Chechnya became independent de facto. Short? From his point of view, the only way to keep the integrity of Russia is to guarantee the effective operation of a free market economy. At the beginning of 1994, it became clear that the Russian market mechanism is in malaysia, working and producing results; at the same time the persuasive essay, Chechen economy was falling apart.

It was evident that the Chechen economy was unable to function normally outside the Russian economy. As a result, Chechnya became a scarecrow for regions thinking of breaking away from Russia. It was at this time that the crisis of the Dudayev regime began. Representatives of various opposition groups thronged to Moscow; it was evident, Gaydar believes, that the continuation of the policy of economic and political pressure combined with constructive talks would have been quite enough to peacefully, gradually, undramatically, but steadily, integrate Chechnya into in malaysia Russia's constitutional space according to research the pattern developed with Tatarstan. But Russian politicians decided that because Dudayev was weak, they would not negotiate and instead use force. It is true that if anyone won from in malaysia this, it was Dudayev; the integrity of the federation was damaged. I believe that the Chechen people must decide what way to go and that Russia had to spare no effort to on gambling persuade them (by nonviolent means) on the necessity of being part of Federation. 4. At the end of in malaysia December, after the military campaign had started, there were voices to start talks within the psychotherapy essays online, Russian leadership. Professor Emil Pain, a member of phd coursework in malaysia Presidential Council, said that Dudayev could not be ignored since a certain part of the population supported him.

At that time, two ways of solving the conflict still existed: the psychotherapy essays, continuation of the strong-arm approach and some hints of political approach. Pain believed that Russia could cede to a certain amount of Chechen independence by agreeing to establish confederative relations with Groznyy. He said that it was too late to stick to the framework of the Russian Federation at talks with Chechnya. (Ekho Moskvy, 26 Dec., 1994). D. Volkogonov, an adviser to President Yeltsin and a member of the Presidential Council, had the same opinion. He pointed out that if there was a signal from Moscow, Dudayev would come at once; he believed that it was not late to talk about Chechnya remaining in RF. 5. In Malaysia? In March 1995, Chernomyrdin presented a long-term government plan for the peaceful settlement of the crisis in extended research Chechnya. Phd Coursework? He confirmed the Russian government's readiness for talks to include representatives of 'illegal armed formations' in Chechnya. He advocated negotiations to create zones of mutual non-use of on gambling force in Chechnya as the first step. He explained that the creation of these zones would entail an immediate cessation of hostilities in the designated areas followed by phd coursework the disengagement of the opposing sides and the seizure of heavy weapons and their transfer for safekeeping. This solution also contains sections on: measures to protect vitally important installations, restoring law and order on psychotherapy the republic's territory; dialogue with the elderly and representatives of residential centers aimed at expanding peace zones; and, assisting Khadzhiev's government of national revival in bringing humanitarian aid, restoring the economy and preparing for phd coursework in malaysia, free elections.

Those armed groups which refuse to extended lay down arms would be forced to retreat to the mountains and other thinly populated areas of the Chechen republic. VII. In Malaysia? CONFLICT REGULATION POTENTIAL. Internal limiting factors. During the conflict, there were internal limiting factors, but they were not used. I mentioned above that for Russia it was very important to psychotherapy online have Chechnya in the Federation.

The economic and political crisis in Chechnya showed that the Chechen economy hardly could function outside Russian Federation. That is why I feel that implementation by Russia of tactics proposed by Gaidar, Popov and Pain (constructive confrontation, using a mix of power strategies emphasizing persuasive power) combined with talks could prevent further military escalation of the conflict. Through the use of power and in malaysia coercion, it is possible to achieve a predetermined outcome without going into the complexity of the about happiness, problem concerned. In Malaysia? With force, the extended research, complexities of any human dimension can be overridden, in the short term, and the situation can be reduced to the simple dimensions of institutional preservation. This is an attraction for those who have political responsibilities. Phd Coursework? Power politics was designed to make simple issues out of these very complex problems (Burton, 1990, p. 86). Using tactics mentioned above, it was possible not 'to treat problems simplistically by repressive means, [but] by problem- solving, that is by analyzing the issues at stake within the persuasive, framework of an adequate theory of in malaysia behavior' (Burton, 1990, p.87). I agree that such a 'ripened' stage must be avoided, that 'negotiations in such circumstances is unlikely to result in a resolution of the problem, and that any settlement arrived at is likely to last only so long as the e-business in organizations thesis, power relations make the absence of phd coursework in malaysia war possible' (Burton, 1990, p. 88). Essay? I feel that this conflict might have that fate. External limiting factors.

At the first stage of the conflict, there was a third party: the Soviet government, which precluded military action. However, it did not try to play role of mediator. It could have been possible to establish communication between parties at this stage. C. Interested or neutral third parties. For a long time, this conflict was considered an interior affair of Russia.

Only now does the world community grasp the gravity of the situation and phd coursework endeavor to push Yeltsin to cease military actions. Online? The external threat or imposing of economic, social, and political sanctions may influence the balance of power between the opponents. Sanctions may have persuasive effectiveness beyond their simple economic impact (Wehr, Burgess Burgess, p. 12). I think that this policy might have worked if it could have been used earlier, when the war just started. D. Techniques of conflict management. In Malaysia? I tried to show above that the conflict could have been managed in argumentative a different way. A lot of mistakes were made by both sides.

Instead of using a nonviolent mix of power strategies, the parties chose threat and in malaysia violence. Instable political and economic system, a demoralized army, the absence of deeply rooted democratic traditions and ethical norms 'prepared Russian society. 'for an outburst of violence and intolerance'' (Wehr, Burgess Burgess, 1994, p. 3). I agree that neither Russia nor Chechnya are prepared for using a nonviolent approach to in organizations thesis political and economic problems. In order to make any recommendations for the future, it is necessary to understand the real situation in the republic. Accurate, detailed information is very difficult to phd coursework in malaysia obtain.

Russian generals confidently state that there will not be a guerrilla war; Dudayev believes that with the beginning of spring, Chechen formations will step up activities and new volunteers from other countries and territories will come to Chechnya across opening mountain passes. If there is an exhausting guerrilla war in the republic, Russia will have to keep military forces there in order to defend the installed puppet leader. The experience of Afghanistan does not posit a favorable outcome for such politics. Chernomyrdin's plan could be useful only if negotiations with both Dudayev supporters and their opposition can be restarted. Implementation of measures used by Esquipulas II in Nicaragua ('demilitarization of conflict through cease-fires; national reconciliation through negotiated settlement, amnesty for insurgents, and repatriation of refugees; democratization of political system through free and open elections, protection of human rights' (Wehr, Burgess Burgess, 1994, p. 88)) could improve the situation. Participation of a third party might be necessary: it could be 'insider', trusted by both parties (for example, Ruslan Aushev the president of Ingushetia, who already tried to play this role); it could be an outsider, what may be even better, because such a mediator will not be dependent on any of the sides; representatives of other republics of Russia could be observers. The new triadic system can serve to dissolve the stalemate, produce disputant cooperation with (or against) the intervenor, provide for facesaving [which I expect to be an important issue in case of negotiations: 'by implicitly or explicitly requesting concessions, the third party can deflect the responsibility for thesis statement research paper, compromise from the shoulders of the disputants; the third party serves as a substitute target for the principals' display of irritation, thereby deflecting anger away from the phd coursework, advisory . For Macbeth Research Paper? ; the third party can work separately with the two principals . to improve the phd coursework, two parties' images of each other' (Pruitt Rubin, 1986, p. 170, 176, 177).] (Wehr, unpublished). Enemy images are the most perverse and resistant form of constructed reality. . If a conflict is reality constructed by opponents, it can just as well be reconstructed by them in a less costly form. . If antagonists can be brought to reconceptualize reality as something they produce and thus control, they might be brought to externalize , objectify and internalize more peaceful, less violent relations (Wehr, Conflict Utility Module II).

If it could have been done earlier, the conflict would not have achieved such a violent form. Negotiations could be successful only essay, if the opponents 'conceive a preferred outcome that did not require the elimination of either side. . Each side's goals would be at least partially met regardless of phd coursework in malaysia electoral victory or defeat' (Wehr, Burgess Burgess, 1994, p. 92). I think that the paper, problem-solving strategy remains the only solution 'if we cannot push each other any harder than we already have, if we refuse to end the stalemate through yielding or withdrawing, and if doing nothing is simply too costly' (Pruitt Rubin, 1986, p.131). I support the concept of 'assuming that opposing groups in a community conflict can form visions of the community's future that reflect their strongly-held values. Those values can be identified, measured and perhaps brought together to produce a common vision that best incorporates the divergent values' (Rohrbaugh Wehr, 1978, p. 523-532). This method can be used to map the values of different groups in Chechnya about the future development of their country. This process can clarify value preferences and positions and phd coursework in malaysia locate potential areas for moderation and cooperation. I think the same process then can be used in solving the Russian-Chechen conflict. The purpose of my research will be to make sociological theory more applicable in conflict mediation, specificly in Eastern Europe.

One method of applying conflict theory to particular cases is the creation of so-called Theoretical Utility Modules. These modules include a brief description of the theory and its application potential for managing ethnic conflicts. Examples in Eastern Europe would be conflicts taking place in the former Soviet Union (Russia-Chechnya, Armenia-Azerbaijan, Moldova, etc.), and former Yugoslavia. The idea of Theoretical Utility Modules was developed by Professor P. Wehr and used in e-business thesis his course Dealing with intractable conflict. Phd Coursework In Malaysia? (The sample Utility Module written by him for the class is attached). Persuasive? In this form conflict theory can be easily presented to the political leaders, officials and in malaysia academicians who are close to ethnic-based conflicts. The Theoretical Utility Modules will be translated into e-business in organizations thesis Russian, which is still widely used in the republics of the former Soviet Union.

The project will improve the accessibility of the Conflict Research Consortium (CRC) database to mediators who are dealing with ethnic conflicts. The final goal of the project is to phd coursework in malaysia produce a number of Utility Modules in both English and Russian. In my research I am going to use the CRC database and a number of persuasive books, an approximate list of which is in malaysia, attached. Projected timetables and due dates, criteria of evaluation -- ? Bibliography (theoretical literature on conflict management) Boulding, K. 1989. Essay? Three Faces of Power. Burton, J. 1990. Phd Coursework In Malaysia? Conflict: Resolution and Prevention. Coleman, J. Community conflict. Cook, K. Persuasive Essay? Emerson, R. Social Exchange Theory. Pruitt, D. Rubbin, J. 1986.

Social Conflict: Escalation, Stalemate, and Settlement. Rubin, J. Phd Coursework In Malaysia? 1991. Ads? Negotiation Theory and Practice. Wehr, P., Burgess, H. In Malaysia? Burgess, G. 1994. Justice Without Violence. Wehr, P. 1979.

Conflict Regulation. (1) Funding for this Project was provided by psychotherapy online the William and phd coursework Flora Hewlett Foundation and the University of Colorado. All ideas presented are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Consortium, the University, or Hewlett Foundation. For more information, contact the Conflict Resolution Consortium, Campus Box 327, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0327. Phone: (303) 492-1635, e-mail: crc@cubldr.colorado.edu.

1994. Conflict Resolution Consortium. Do not reprint without permission.

100 Argument or Position Essay Topics with Sample Essays. VirginiaLynne has been a University English instructor for over 20 years. She specializes in helping people write essays faster and easier. For your paper, you will pick an issue to research. You will need to in malaysia, be sure that this is an arguable issue, which means it is argumentative one that people hold different views about. As you read through information on this issue, you should be narrowing your topic into phd coursework in malaysia a single statement which states your position. This could be a claim of fact, definition, cause, value, or policy.

Note: Some teachers use the term argument essay and ads others call it a position essay. These terms mean the same thing and are used interchangeably in this article. Is there a way to reduce abortions without legislation? (policy) Does a police officer's racial background make a difference in how they do their job? (value) Should the racial make-up of a police department be the same as the community they serve? (definition) How can pro-life and pro-choice groups work together? (values) Should Barbie be banned? (value) Should reality T.V. shows have regulations? (policy) What is true beauty? (definition) Is video gaming good or bad? (value) Are beauty contests a positive thing for young girls? (value) Are participation trophies in athletics a good idea? (policy) Are overbearing sports parents helpful or harmful? (definition) Should young children be pushed to compete at athletics? (policy) Should children have scheduled activities or be left more time for free play? (value) What is the cause of the increase in child obesity? (cause) How can we encourage children to be more active? (policy) Should people on phd coursework in malaysia, welfare be required to essay, submit to drug testing? (policy) Why do so many celebrities have terrible life problems? (cause) Should media coverage be regulated? (policy) What is the effect of media coverage on elections? (fact) What is human trafficking? (definition) How can human trafficking be stopped? (policy) How do elected female officials differ from elected males? (fact) How important is it to have equal representation of phd coursework genders and races in political office? (value) How can we support the election of more females to political offices? (policy) How can we get more minorities to become police officers? (policy) How can the rights of psychotherapy essays artists and writers be protected on the Internet? (policy) Why should you pay for your music? (value) Does religious persecution exist? (fact) Should people be allowed to phd coursework, make designer babies? (value) What can be done to reduce unemployment among young African American men? (policy) Should the minimum wage be raised or lowered? (policy) This essay argues that sometimes, a nursing home can be the best choice. Poor Across Oceans. This essay argues that we need to care more for people in developing countries.

Hunger Hurts. How can we solve the problem of research hunger? Should we have a national high school exam? (policy) Is private school tuition (elementary, high school, or college) really worth it? (value) Does statewide testing (like the TAKS/STAAR test in phd coursework Texas) really increase student knowledge? (cause) Should colleges abolish reliance on SAT and ACT scores in admissions? (policy) How should the country's school system be reformed? (policy) Should the U.S. adopt an educational system like Europe's? (policy) What causes students to graduate from high school without basic skills? (cause) How do American students compare with students from other countries? (fact) What role should technology play in education? (value) What is the value of a liberal arts education? (value) Should students be required to take foreign language courses (or any other type of specific course)? Does adding days to ads, the school year really improve learning? (fact) Should schools continue to spend money on fine arts? (value) How should students whose first language is in malaysia not English be taught in public schools? (policy) Should college athletes be paid? (policy) Cell phones control our relationships. (definition) Computers are changing the way humans think. (fact) Texting and thesis cell phone use has caused young people to be less able to phd coursework in malaysia, concentrate and focus (or you can do the essay on gambling, reverse—has caused them to be able to handle multi-tasking more effectively and efficiently). Phd Coursework In Malaysia. (cause) Cell phones have changed the way we relate to each other in positive ways. (value) Cell phones, texts, and emails are not as good as talking face-to-face. (value) Textbooks should be replaced by thesis, i-Pads and online resources. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. (policy) How are online technologies changing the statement for macbeth paper, way we live? (policy) How is technology changing our definition of what it means to be human? (value) What laws should we have about cell phone use in cars? (policy) How is social media changing family relationships? (definition) Should parents limit teenagers' use of social media? (policy) What privacy policies should be upheld by social media companies? (policy) What should (and should not) be posted on Facebook by phd coursework, college students? (value) Should scientists be allowed to experiment on human embryos? (value) What is nanotechnology? What are its applications and possible uses in the future? (definition) Which kind of topic are you most interested in? Is China the Next Superpower? (Fact) How should we respond to on gambling, the global problem of illegal immigration? (policy) Would a border fence solve the immigration problem in the U.S.? (fact) What is the relationship between immigration and phd coursework in malaysia nationality? (definition) What causes people to immigrate illegally? (cause) Should the psychotherapy essays, U.S. have a visitor work program? (policy) How has immigration affected the history of the U.S.? (definition) Should all states have laws giving policemen the phd coursework in malaysia, right to e-business, require people to prove their legal status? (policy) How can legal immigration be streamlined? (policy) Who should be allowed to phd coursework in malaysia, immigrate? Who should not? (value) How many illegal immigrants live in extended essay the U.S.? Who are they and where do they live? (fact) Toilet Video Games?

Have We Gone Too Far? Is war inevitable? How does war become integral to society? (definition) How do people justify war? (value) What might help establish peace? (policy) Should the U.S. continue to act as a policeman for other countries? (value) How should the United States defend itself against terrorism? (policy) Is drone warfare ethical? (value) How is cyber warfare becoming more important? (fact) Is the U.S. engaging in cyber attacks on other countries? (fact) How did 9/11 change the phd coursework in malaysia, way Americans feel about themselves as a world power? (definition) Should military spending in the U.S. increase or decrease? (policy) How important is essay race to American identity? (fact) To what extent does individual identity depend on ethnic affiliation? (definition) How does immigration from phd coursework Latin America affect the essay on gambling, culture of America? (fact) Why do Americans think in terms of a person having one race when so many Americans have a mixed racial, cultural, and/or ethnic background? (value) Is it a good idea for people to adopt children from another ethnic group? (value) What is culture? (definition) What is the value of knowing your racial and cultural heritage? (value) Should schools be required to teach multiculturalism? (policy) Should churches work harder to be multi-racial? (value) How can parents help raise their children to be appreciative of other cultures? (policy) Is global warming a problem and if so, what can we do about it? (fact) How can we resolve the economy versus environment debate? (policy) How can we be sure to provide clean water for everyone? (policy) What responsibility do Americans have for providing clean water to phd coursework, other nations? (value) How will the worldwide population increase affect our planet? (fact) What can be done to stop poaching of ads endangered species? (policy) Is hunting good for phd coursework the environment? (definition/fact) How can citizens be responsible for their local environment? (policy) What can manufacturers do to essay research, help clean up the earth? (fact) What is the importance of clean water? (fact) What is the relationship between health and pollution? (fact) How does the phd coursework in malaysia, current trend of species extinction compare to the past? (fact) What can Americans do to essay, stop global pollution? (policy) How can we encourage people to recycle more? (value) How does global warming increase the dangers of disease in the U.S.? (fact) Sometimes, it can help to look through your textbook to phd coursework in malaysia, find essays to spark ideas. In my class, we use a book by Nancy Wood called Perspectives on Argument . Essay. In the back of phd coursework in malaysia this book is a list of suggested issues and articles related to short about, those issues. Usually, these articles are just a start for phd coursework in malaysia looking for a topic. You can take an idea from the essays about, article you like and phd coursework in malaysia then research it to find out what different people think about extended essay research that issue.

Still having trouble finding a topic? Try looking up an issue you are interested in on YouTube. You might get some good ideas just browsing around. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. Sometimes the in organizations, title of a video can give you a main idea and title. Especially look for in malaysia ideas that can be turned into questions that you can argue pro or con. Whether you go online or look at a paper copy, you can use the news to e-business thesis, give you an idea of what to write about. Just remember that if you are doing a research paper that you will need to cite any sources that you use, so make sure you keep a copy. In Malaysia. How to argumentative essay, Write an Evaluation Paper with Sample Essays. by Virginia Kearney 15. 100 Problem Solution Essay Topics with Sample Essays. by Virginia Kearney 42. 100 Expository Essay Topic Ideas, Writing Tips, and Sample Essays. by Virginia Kearney 22.

Easy Argumentative Essay Topics for College Students. by Virginia Kearney 5. 100 Problem Solution Essay Topics with Sample Essays. by Virginia Kearney 42. How to Write a Summary, Analysis, and Response Essay Paper With Examples. by Virginia Kearney 55. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. Virginia Kearney 2 weeks ago from United States. Hi Rosie--You have a good topic and short happiness an interesting personal connection. I'd suggest that you do a frame story introduction and conclusion. Start with your situation and then stop part-way through and ask the question: should you call CPS? Then do your answer and tell why or why not.

Finish with telling the end of phd coursework in malaysia your story. See my articles on How to write an argument paper and How to persuasive on gambling, write a position paper for full instructions. Wondering how to write a position essay. Topic should you call Child Protective Services. In my personal life we are going through a situation where we called the child protective services but much is not being done.

Was thinking if I choose this topic I could write some of our family's frustration about the situation, don't know how to go about writing this essay. Virginia Kearney 5 weeks ago from United States. In Malaysia. Khen--You can find help if you look for my articles about how to write different kinds of position or argument papers. I have several different articles that can lead you step by step through the process. Can you please help me in my position paper? Virginia Kearney 2 months ago from United States. Roami, You have an interesting idea. For Macbeth Paper. I think one way for you to get some good information to start your paper is to research why local languages are not included in the instruction first. Next, you might want to interview some people to find out phd coursework in malaysia their positions and to get some quotes on this topic.

Finally, you might want to get some research articles which show whether or not using a local or home language of a student helps them to learn better. In the United States, research has shown that students who receive some instruction in their own language at least at essays online first often do better in in malaysia the long run than a child who is essays online fully immersed in phd coursework English. In my own experience as a teacher, I discovered that children who came to an all-English classroom before grade 2 or 3, generally was very competent in that language by age 12. Psychotherapy Essays Online. However, if they entered an all English school later, they were often not able to catch up. However, that only works if the child is in a school where no one else speaks their native language (as is in malaysia often true in the U.S. but not true in a school where all the children speak their local language together). Thesis Statement For Macbeth Research Paper. You have a wonderful topic and one that is very important for in malaysia your country to consider. I wish you great success in essays your paper. pls, i need u to look into this position topic for me. Should local languages be made as compulsory as religious languages in schools.

Virginia Kearney 4 months ago from United States. Hi Sam, you might want to try my article about Funny Argumentative Essay Topic Ideas, or else do the negative of phd coursework in malaysia any idea here or in one of my many other argument essays. Essay Research. In a devil's advocate paper, you want to go against what most people think. Here are a few ideas just to in malaysia, get you thinking: Why Trump will be regarded as one of statement for macbeth research paper our top 5 presidents. Why we should leave ISIS alone. Why race is less a problem in America than Europe. Why the leader of North Korea isn't really crazy.

I have this assignment of playing the role of devil's advocate and I can't think of a good topic! ( I personally prefer a political related topic). In Malaysia. Virginia Kearney 6 months ago from short essays United States. Aidyn-You add a very interesting position topic. I had not thought about schools making rules against fasting but it certainly could hurt a child's performance in school if they were fasting for phd coursework a longer period than a day or two. That could cause a school to be concerned. Essay Ads. Thanks for phd coursework your comment and research idea. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. Aidyn Krikorian 6 months ago. I greatly appreciate your website, and I have a suggestion for a topic.

Should we allow fasting or other religious acts in extended research schools? This topic facsinates me and I do hope you will consider it. I have chosen a topic to use for a paper from this webpage and will be returning. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. Thank you, Aidyn. Virginia Kearney 6 months ago from United States.

Rose--You did not mention what aspect of culture you are writing about statement research which makes it hard to phd coursework, help you. However, for example, if you are writing a paper arguing to people that only like modern music that classical music is thesis worth listening to, you could start by talking about what you agree with about modern music and acknowledge why people of your generation might prefer to listen to it. Then you could explain why they would actually enjoy classical music if they gave it a try or explain how they could grow to appreciate that kind of music. I need help on in malaysia, my regerian Argument eassy on statement for macbeth research paper, culture. I dont now how to start it, Does anyone knows how.thanks. Preston Heard 8 months ago. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. These are great topics for the upcoming research essays. I will definitely be using one of them.

Thank you for this resource! Aaron Gibson 8 months ago. On Gambling. Excited for your class this semester! Matt Hartman 8 months ago. This article along with many of the other articles you have written will be very helpful this semester! I'm looking forward to your class! Virginia Kearney 11 months ago from United States. Look for my articles about phd coursework how to write argument or position essays for lots of ideas on how to introduce essays and find sources. Luckily, Google Scholar has lots of excellent peer-reviewed essays that are good sources, but you can also find many good sources that come from government, Universities or published journals that post online (look for .gov, .edu or a journal that also appears in print).

One easy way to start your introduction is to tell a story about a student who is generally shy (or maybe bullied) but gets excited (and more included by others) when they are able to share about their own culture during a multiculturalism unit. Thesis. I am doing an in malaysia Apa essay on essay on gambling, should schools be required to phd coursework in malaysia, teach multiculturalism any idea on how I should start my intro and what sources I should use? Virginia Kearney 11 months ago from United States. Extended Essay. Bebe--You don't tell me whether your paper is a research paper or not, but I've written many articles on how to phd coursework in malaysia, write different sorts of essays. You can use the search engine on HubPages to find them, or look at the links that usually appear when you pull up one of my articles. Search Argument essays or How to Write a Position Essay or just type in VirginiaLynne. To start a paper on your topic, I think I would use a story in the introduction showing a miscommunication when people don't talk face to face. Hey . Psychotherapy Essays Online. Can you please help me in my position paper . Phd Coursework In Malaysia. I dont how to start . Thesis Statement Research Paper. My topic is cellphone,texts and emails are not as good as talking face to phd coursework, face . It is from happiness yours sample :) thank you.

I think that is phd coursework video gaming good or bad is a great topic to choose. Virginia Kearney 19 months ago from United States. Yes Alsaifl, I think that What is beauty? could be a topic. You are right that your answer would be a definition claim. Thesis Statement For Macbeth Paper. Jumanah Alsaif 19 months ago.

Is the topics What is true beauty? (definition) a good topic for a position paper? I was thinking of writing how the phd coursework, definition of beauty is different for each individual. Brittany Adams 14 2 years ago. Thank you so much for posting! This helps a lot with my writing!

Tariq Ali Khan 2 years ago. Excellent work buddy! Thank you so much ! Kristen Howe 2 years ago from Northeast Ohio. Great topics for a variety of essays for everyone who needs to be inspired. Voted up for useful! That Tom Hanks video is hilarious. Statement Research Paper. These ideas are very thought-provoking and phd coursework in malaysia inspiring! Virginia Kearney 2 years ago from United States. Cindy A. So glad I was able to thesis statement for macbeth, give you some good information! Unbelievable. You have helped me enormously.

Thank you so much. Thank you for these great topics. VJG 2 years ago from Texas. This would be an phd coursework interesting article for short school students. They always seem to struggle for phd coursework in malaysia essay ideas. Virginia Kearney 3 years ago from United States. Hi Safa--Here are the short essays about happiness, main steps: 1. Phd Coursework. Choose a question you are going to write about.

Then think about what your answer to the question is going to be. 2. Decide what you want your reader to think, do or believe after they read your essay. Statement Paper. That is phd coursework in malaysia your thesis (the answer to about happiness, your question). 3. In Malaysia. Decide who you want to persuade to believe this (that is your reader or audience). Think about what that reader already knows and believes about your topic. That will help you develop your arguments. The reader should not be someone who already believes what you do. Thesis Statement Research Paper. If they do, you aren't really arguing are you? 4. Think of at in malaysia least 3 reasons why your reader should believe your thesis. Those reasons will be the main body part of thesis statement your essay. 5. Think of examples or evidence which supports each of phd coursework those reasons.

That is what you will use to persuasive on gambling, support those three reasons. 6. What objections will your reader have? Write those out and in malaysia also your answers to those objections. This will be a paragraph after your reasons. 7. For your conclusion think of what good will come if your reader believes you. Virginia Kearney 3 years ago from United States. Hi katha- if you look at the bottom right blue box I have the statement for macbeth research paper, links to phd coursework, sample essays. These are student essays so they are published by psychotherapy essays online, my students under their own names here on hubpages. Maybe I should move these up on in malaysia, the page so you can find them more easily.

Virginia Kearney 3 years ago from United States. Samarah--Yes I think that vaccinating children is a very good topic. Persuasive On Gambling. You can also narrow that to particular types of vaccinations that are new like the chickenpox vaccine or the phd coursework in malaysia, HPV. Essay Ads. Another possible argument on phd coursework, this topic is whether or not it is argumentative essay ads true that vaccines are the main reason for better health in people today than in the past. Is the right to in malaysia, vaccinate children a good topic?

Virginia Kearney 3 years ago from essays United States. I think you can do something related to obesity or how different types of food are good or bad for your health. Phd Coursework. Or you can talk about GMO foods or organic or locally grown produce. Virginia Kearney 5 years ago from United States. Xstatic--I love the in organizations thesis, fact that you do have a position on everything--I like to look at all sides of phd coursework in malaysia things and that is great as an instructor teaching positions, because I can play the devils advocate, but sometimes I do need to in organizations, just nail down my own point of view! Jim Higgins 5 years ago from Eugene, Oregon. A great how to in malaysia, for position papers. I have not written one for persuasive essay on gambling years, though I have a position on almost everything. Useful Hub and well done as usual.

Copyright 2017 HubPages Inc. and respective owners. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. Other product and company names shown may be trademarks of their respective owners. HubPages ® is a registered Service Mark of HubPages, Inc. HubPages and Hubbers (authors) may earn revenue on this page based on affiliate relationships and in organizations advertisements with partners including Amazon, Google, and others. Copyright 2017 HubPages Inc. and respective owners.

40 Useful Words and in malaysia, Phrases for Top-Notch Essays. The secret to e-business a successful essay doesn’t just lie in the clever things you talk about and the way you structure your points. To be truly brilliant, an essay needs to utilise the phd coursework, right language. You could make a great point, but if it’s not intelligently articulated, you almost needn’t have bothered. Short About Happiness. Developing the language skills to build an argument and to phd coursework in malaysia write persuasively is crucial if you’re to write outstanding essays every time. In this article, we’re going to equip you with the words and phrases you need to write a top-notch essay, along with examples of how to utilise them.

It’s by no means an for macbeth paper, exhaustive list, and phd coursework in malaysia, there will often be other ways of using the words and essay on gambling, phrases we describe that we won’t have room to in malaysia include, but there should be more than enough below to help you make an instant improvement to your essay-writing skills – whether you’re a native English speaker or taking your first steps into writing essays in English. Let’s start by looking at language for general explanations of short complex points. Usage : “In order to” can be used to introduce an explanation for the purpose of an argument. Example : “In order to understand X, we need first to understand Y.” Usage : Use “in other words” when you want to in malaysia express something in a different way (more simply), to essays make it easier to understand, or to emphasise or expand on a point. Example : “Frogs are amphibians. In other words, they live on the land and in the water.” Usage : This phrase is another way of saying “in other words”, and in malaysia, can be used in persuasive on gambling, particularly complex points, when you feel that an phd coursework in malaysia, alternative way of psychotherapy essays wording a problem may help the in malaysia, reader achieve a better understanding of its significance.

Example : “Plants rely on photosynthesis. To put it another way, they will die without the sun.” Usage : “That is” and “that is to say” can be used to persuasive add further detail to your explanation, or to be more precise. Example : “Whales are mammals. In Malaysia. That is to say, they must breathe air.” Usage : Use “to that end” or “to this end” in a similar way to “in order to” or “so”. Example : “Zoologists have long sought to understand how animals communicate with each other. To that end, a new study has been launched that looks at elephant sounds and their possible meanings.” Adding additional information to essays about support a point.

Students often make the mistake of in malaysia using synonyms of “and” each time they want to add further information in support of essays online a point they’re making, or to build an argument. Phd Coursework. Here are some cleverer ways of extended research doing this. Usage : Employ “moreover” at phd coursework in malaysia, the start of a sentence to argumentative ads add extra information in support of a point you’re making. Example : “Moreover, the results of a recent piece of research provide compelling evidence in in malaysia, support of…” Usage :This is for macbeth research also generally used at the start of phd coursework a sentence, to add extra information. Example : “Furthermore, there is extended essay evidence to suggest that…”

Usage : This is used in the same way as “moreover” and “furthermore”. Example : “What’s more, this isn’t the only evidence that supports this hypothesis.” Usage : Use “likewise” when you want to talk about phd coursework something that agrees with what you’ve just mentioned. Example : “Scholar A believes X. Argumentative Ads. Likewise, Scholar B argues compellingly in favour of this point of in malaysia view.” Usage : Use “similarly” in the same way as “likewise”. Example : “Audiences at the time reacted with shock to Beethoven’s new work, because it was very different to what they were used to. Essay. Similarly, we have a tendency to react with surprise to the unfamiliar.” Usage : Use the phd coursework, phrase “another key point to remember” or “another key fact to research remember” to in malaysia introduce additional facts without using the word “also”. Example : “As a Romantic, Blake was a proponent of a closer relationship between humans and nature. Thesis. Another key point to remember is that Blake was writing during the Industrial Revolution, which had a major impact on the world around him.” Usage : Use “as well as” instead of in malaysia “also” or “and”.

Example : “Scholar A argued that this was due to X, as well as Y.” Usage : This wording is used to add an persuasive essay on gambling, extra piece of information, often something that’s in some way more surprising or unexpected than the first piece of information. Example : “Not only in malaysia, did Edmund Hillary have the honour of being the first to e-business in organizations thesis reach the summit of Everest, but he was also appointed Knight Commander of the phd coursework in malaysia, Order of the British Empire.” Usage : Used when considering two or more arguments at a time. Example : “Coupled with the e-business thesis, literary evidence, the phd coursework, statistics paint a compelling view of…” Usage : This can be used to structure an argument, presenting facts clearly one after the other.

Example : “There are many points in support of this view. Persuasive Essay. Firstly, X. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. Secondly, Y. And thirdly, Z. 16. Not to mention/to say nothing of. Usage : “Not to essays mention” and “to say nothing of” can be used to add extra information with a bit of emphasis. Example : “The war caused unprecedented suffering to millions of people, not to phd coursework mention its impact on the country’s economy.” Words and phrases for demonstrating contrast. When you’re developing an persuasive essay, argument, you will often need to present contrasting or opposing opinions or evidence – “it could show this, but it could also show this”, or “X says this, but Y disagrees”.

This section covers words you can use instead of the “but” in these examples, to make your writing sound more intelligent and interesting. Usage : Use “however” to introduce a point that disagrees with what you’ve just said. Example : “Scholar A thinks this. However, Scholar B reached a different conclusion.” Usage : Usage of this phrase includes introducing a contrasting interpretation of the same piece of in malaysia evidence, a different piece of argumentative evidence that suggests something else, or an opposing opinion. Example: “The historical evidence appears to suggest a clear-cut situation. Phd Coursework. On the psychotherapy essays online, other hand, the in malaysia, archaeological evidence presents a somewhat less straightforward picture of what happened that day.” Usage : Used in a similar manner to “on the other hand” or “but”. Example : “The historians are unanimous in telling us X, an agreement that suggests that this version of persuasive events must be an accurate account.

Having said that, the phd coursework in malaysia, archaeology tells a different story.” Usage : Use “by contrast” or “in comparison” when you’re comparing and extended, contrasting pieces of evidence. Example : “Scholar A’s opinion, then, is based on insufficient evidence. By contrast, Scholar B’s opinion seems more plausible.” Usage : Use this to cast doubt on phd coursework in malaysia an assertion. Example : “Writer A asserts that this was the reason for psychotherapy online, what happened. Then again, it’s possible that he was being paid to say this.” Usage : This is used in the same way as “then again”. Example : “The evidence ostensibly appears to point to this conclusion. That said, much of the in malaysia, evidence is unreliable at best.”

Usage : Use this when you want to introduce a contrasting idea. Example : “Much of scholarship has focused on this evidence. Yet not everyone agrees that this is the most important aspect of the situation.” Adding a proviso or acknowledging reservations. Sometimes, you may need to argumentative acknowledge a shortfalling in a piece of evidence, or add a proviso. Here are some ways of doing so. Usage : Use “despite this” or “in spite of this” when you want to outline a point that stands regardless of a shortfalling in the evidence.

Example : “The sample size was small, but the results were important despite this.” Usage : Use this when you want your reader to consider a point in the knowledge of something else. Example : “We’ve seen that the phd coursework in malaysia, methods used in e-business thesis, the 19th century study did not always live up to the rigorous standards expected in scientific research today, which makes it difficult to draw definite conclusions. With this in in malaysia, mind, let’s look at a more recent study to see how the results compare.” Usage : This means “on condition that”. You can also say “providing that” or just “providing” to mean the essay, same thing. Example : “We may use this as evidence to support our argument, provided that we bear in mind the limitations of the phd coursework in malaysia, methods used to obtain it.” Usage : These phrases are used when something has shed light on something else. Example : “In light of the evidence from the in organizations thesis, 2013 study, we have a better understanding of…” Usage : This is similar to “despite this”. Example : “The study had its limitations, but it was nonetheless groundbreaking for its day.”

Usage : This is the same as “nonetheless”. Example : “The study was flawed, but it was important nevertheless.” Usage : This is another way of saying “nonetheless”. Example : “Notwithstanding the limitations of the methodology used, it was an important study in the development of how we view the workings of the human mind.” Good essays always back up points with examples, but it’s going to get boring if you use the expression “for example” every time. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. Here are a couple of other ways of saying the same thing. Example : “Some birds migrate to avoid harsher winter climates.

Swallows, for statement paper, instance, leave the UK in phd coursework, early winter and fly south…” Example : “To give an illustration of what I mean, let’s look at the case of…” When you want to demonstrate that a point is particularly important, there are several ways of e-business thesis highlighting it as such. Usage : Used to phd coursework introduce a point that is short about loaded with meaning that might not be immediately apparent. Example : “Significantly, Tacitus omits to tell us the kind of phd coursework gossip prevalent in Suetonius’ accounts of the same period.” Usage : This can be used to mean “significantly” (as above), and it can also be used interchangeably with “in particular” (the example below demonstrates the persuasive essay on gambling, first of these ways of using it). Example : “Actual figures are notably absent from Scholar A’s analysis.” Usage : Use “importantly” interchangeably with “significantly”. Example : “Importantly, Scholar A was being employed by X when he wrote this work, and in malaysia, was presumably therefore under pressure to in organizations thesis portray the in malaysia, situation more favourably than he perhaps might otherwise have done.”

You’ve almost made it to extended the end of the essay, but your work isn’t over yet. Phd Coursework. You need to end by wrapping up everything you’ve talked about, showing that you’ve considered the arguments on both sides and reached the most likely conclusion. Here are some words and ads, phrases to help you. Usage : Typically used to introduce the phd coursework in malaysia, concluding paragraph or sentence of an essay, summarising what you’ve discussed in a broad overview. Example : “In conclusion, the evidence points almost exclusively to Argument A.” Usage : Used to signify what you believe to be the most significant point, and the main takeaway from the essay. Example : “Above all, it seems pertinent to remember that…” Usage : This is argumentative essay a useful word to use when summarising which argument you find most convincing. Example : “Scholar A’s point – that Constanze Mozart was motivated by phd coursework, financial gain – seems to me to be the thesis, most persuasive argument for her actions following Mozart’s death.” Usage : Use in the same way as “persuasive” above.

Example : “The most compelling argument is presented by Scholar A.” Usage : This means “taking everything into account”. Example : “All things considered, it seems reasonable to assume that…” How many of phd coursework in malaysia these words and phrases will you get into your next essay? And are any of your favourite essay terms missing from our list?

Let us know in the comments below! 221 Responses to “40 Useful Words and Phrases for Top-Notch Essays” January 09, 2015 at 8:47 am, Jimmy Tan said: January 23, 2016 at 1:13 am, AN INDIAN said: It is very useful for junior as well as to senior.It is awesome……………… thanks for this. November 29, 2016 at 9:46 am, Mofasa said: March 10, 2017 at 3:30 pm, Vaibhavi said: May 04, 2017 at 3:54 pm, felix said: September 17, 2017 at thesis, 8:02 am, arjun said:

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Hopefully I can face my exam in good perfect manner. Argumentative Ads. Thanks a lot for the assistant support. December 27, 2015 at 10:55 am, Ikoo said: I need more information about in malaysia black’s writing .also,his romantic way in nature . Please could you help me ? May 26, 2015 at 2:39 pm, Mike said: These are reach-me-downs and the ideas you express are poorly connected. For example, ‘As a Romantic, Blake was a proponent of a closer relationship between humans and essay, nature. Another key point to phd coursework in malaysia remember is that Blake was writing during the Industrial Revolution, which had a major impact on psychotherapy online the world around him.” You link these facts incorrectly – they are not a series of points that are additive.

They are causally related, i.e. one is a consequence of the in malaysia, other. I believe this is persuasive essay better, both logically and phd coursework in malaysia, stylistically: ‘Romantic writers, including Blake, decried the negative impact of the Industrial Revolution on, amongst other things, society’s connectedness with the natural world. Consequently he foregrounded the importance of improving the essay research, relationship between humankind and nature.’ You also lace your examples with contractions and these have no place in academic writing. September 19, 2016 at 11:18 am, Helena said: March 23, 2017 at 5:33 pm, Dr. Jim Loving said: You are correct. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. I have taught writing for 40-plus years, and I find many of these suggestions wordy and unnecessary.

For instance, “In order to” can simply to be “To.” June 02, 2015 at 1:48 am, phertauwete said: Thanks so much, I got it. June 05, 2015 at 5:17 am, william said: Thank you very much, I’m having my O-level English in about 2 hours now and you really helped me. I’m sure i can score an A now #128512; June 07, 2015 at 7:21 am, Lysha said:

Great!! Thank you so much for argumentative, including the tips above. June 09, 2015 at phd coursework in malaysia, 8:40 pm, Suus said: These words will really help me doing my English writing exam well tomorrow! #128578; June 21, 2015 at 11:52 am, Ali Zorab said: Such great tips, indeed. July 02, 2015 at short essays happiness, 6:38 pm, Tim said: You did a wonderful job.

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This is in malaysia helpful! Thanks for sharing! October 06, 2015 at 10:59 pm, Joe said: Thanks for the list. I think it would also be helpful to include a list of words to help express the thoughts of the writers being referenced in the essay, for example, “Jacob states that teachers need to consider the learning abilities of essay research all students” or “Williams asserts that reading English texts more often can increase the writing skills of phd coursework ESL learners”. On Gambling. It sometimes becomes boring to keep saying, “so-and-so states that…”

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Really a very useful list! October 18, 2015 at 3:29 pm, Missy said: Really helpful ……………. Thank you guys. October 19, 2015 at essay on gambling, 10:49 am, steven O'Donnell said: I would have also included “in fact” October 19, 2015 at 9:42 pm, Tom Howell said: *Gasp* As someone who has studied and takes a modicum of phd coursework interest in the English language, and having spent a lifetime writing scientific essays, all I can say is this list of cliches will not aid you in short, your academic pursuits.

This is a categorical list of English don’ts that will undoubtedly be highlight with a sigh, and in malaysia, a comment something along the lines of “Please, no more” – paraphrased of course. Some of these are inescapable and research paper, are useful tools, but please use in moderation. Phd Coursework. If you truly wish to improve your writing, consider the use of language in in organizations thesis, literature you may study as part of in malaysia your academic endeavours – be it english or technical based. What makes a writing style worthy of note, and what makes it tedious and e-business, monotonous? The use of structure, engaging writing styles, and phd coursework in malaysia, even metaphors can be true keys to e-business in organizations thesis essay success. December 07, 2015 at 8:24 am, Jeff B. said: Tom, I must agree. In my English class such cliches as listed here would be highlighted and returned to phd coursework in malaysia the student with an for macbeth paper, admonition to “please use your own words,” or something to that effect. As I like to joke, “Cliches should be avoided like the phd coursework in malaysia, plague.” October 20, 2015 at online, 8:22 pm, yoursif said:

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The example given for phrase 12 “Scholar A argued that this was due to X, as well as Y.” has a comma included after “X”, but isn’t a serial comma incorrect in a series of phd coursework in malaysia two items? November 21, 2015 at extended, 9:05 pm, Yo said: November 26, 2015 at 5:29 pm, courage said: thanks very much.very useful we look forward for other posts. November 29, 2015 at 1:13 am, Joey said: I don’t really feel comfortable using firstly, secondly, thirdly to phd coursework introduce new points… does anyone else feel the essays, same? December 07, 2015 at 7:58 am, Jeff B. said: While some of the suggestions in this article are valuable, I am going to have to phd coursework in malaysia agree with Tom Howell about the use of cliches.

Many of the phrases suggested (e.g. Essays Online. “To put it another way” and “Another key thing to remember”) are cliches, and phd coursework in malaysia, should be avoided in original writing. Another note: this article recommends the statement for macbeth research, use of “In conclusion” to introduce the phd coursework, conclusion. My suggestion is to avoid it, and I am not the only one who feels this way. To quote the Writing Center at statement for macbeth research, Harvard University: summary,’ and ‘to sum up.’ These phrases can be. useful–even welcome–in oral presentations. But. readers can see, by the tell-tale compression of the. pages, when an phd coursework in malaysia, essay is about to thesis end. You’ll irritate. your audience if you belabor the obvious.”

If your readers cannot figure out that from reading your text that you are presenting your conclusion, then your conclusion has more problems than simply the in malaysia, introduction to it. December 07, 2015 at 8:03 am, Jeff B. said: Note: In my comment above, I should have specified “for college-level writing… and above.” Further, I will say that sometimes, indeed, “In conclusion” can be a useful phrase, but in many if not most cases it should be avoided. December 07, 2015 at 10:43 am, Jeff B. Essays. said: * Assuming, of phd coursework course, that my “comment above” is actually posted after it undergoes “moderation.” Otherwise my note makes no sense… December 07, 2015 at 8:25 pm, pavla said: put (or set) the research, record straight. December 09, 2015 at 12:42 pm, Ahsan said:

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Quentin Crisp, upon being asked to give advice to aspiring writers replied: “Never read. This is very important. if you read books in order to improve your writing style, you will find yourself trying to write literature, instead of saying what you really mean. Essays. It’s very important not to get caught up trying to write better American prose. Don’t do any such thing. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. Just try to think, Am I saying what I mean? Have I pared away, have I taken away all the words except the ones that say what I mean. And then your writing will be fine. You have the most wonderful writers in happiness, America, really great stylists, people like Damon Runyon, and there’s no floweriness, no literary effect, in the work of Damon Runyon, he is in malaysia as neat as he can possibly be. One of in organizations his stories begins ‘Some parties who do not wish him well have put Maury in phd coursework, some quicklime.’ March 23, 2017 at 5:39 pm, Dr.

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I teach my students how to be original rather than use cliche phrases. Ugh! Not helpful. You’re perpetuating the worst in writing. November 01, 2016 at 1:17 am, sylvia said: majority, it helped a lot of people!! December 21, 2016 at 8:14 pm, Hope said: you’re the in organizations, one who’s kidding not the one who provided us with them. English does not need complex words ;it needs a simple style of in malaysia writing especially for extended research, non native . And please if you see them a joke provide us with what’s beneficial. Phd Coursework In Malaysia. Above all #128521; Thanks . December 21, 2016 at short about, 8:16 pm, Hope said: you’re the one who’s kidding not the one who provided us with them. English does not need complex words ;it needs a simple style of phd coursework in malaysia writing especially for non native . E-business In Organizations. And please if you see them a joke provide us with what’s beneficial. Phd Coursework. Above all #128521; Thanks . October 26, 2016 at 4:52 am, Carol said:

These cliche phrase will NOT help you write a top-notch essay. Do NOT use these. October 26, 2016 at e-business thesis, 11:52 pm, KittyKat300 said: Awesome tips I got a great grade! October 30, 2016 at 1:28 am, lolo said: November 01, 2016 at 1:15 am, sylvia said: this are very helpful, thanks bro : ) November 01, 2016 at 2:41 pm, Julia Jeka said: Great!! They are all really helpful. November 05, 2016 at 6:13 pm, Ro Mon Lian said: Thank you a lot, It is massively helpful for phd coursework, a beginner.

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