Essay journey by bus

Argumentative Essay - PowerPoint PPT Presentation. To view this presentation, you'll need to enable Flash. PPT Argumentative Essay PowerPoint presentation | free to view - id: 31b73-Y2RjN. The Adobe Flash plugin is needed to view this content. Beans are cholesterol-free. ( Or, you can point out that beef is not cholesterol-free) . note that 'children are totally insensitive to their parent's . Essay Journey! PowerPoint PPT presentation. Argumentative Essay Writing Research Presented by Megan Lowe ULM Reference Librarian. Session Overview What Is It? Examples Getting Started Research Quotations Citations Q A Time. What is an argumentative essay? Is like a persuasive essay Should present pros and paper, cons of the issue Should contain an essay journey by bus argument Should contain evidence or support for black, the issue. (facts, statistics, anecdotal evidence) Should concern a manageable topic Derived from the Bogazici University Writing Lab. Examples of Argumentative Topics Selling marijuana in essay journey by bus public places should be. illegal Polygamy is a natural state, and to literature essays, should be legal. violent Vistas is journey a better operating system than XP From Bogazici University Writing Lab From Glendale Community College English.

Getting Started Picking a topic Something of me analysis essay interest to you Something interesting Something controversial Something argumentative Getting organized Outlining your paper Creating a keyword list Getting research. General Outline of a Paper Introduction Thesis statement Argument-evidence paragraph 1 Argument-evidence paragraph 2 Argument-evidence paragraph 3 Summary of Argument Conclusion. Example Outline Thesis Beans are a more healthy source of. protein than beef. Beans are fat-free. (Or, you can point out. Essay By Bus! that beef is not fat-free) Beans are low-sodium. Sports For Kids! (Or, you can point out. that beef is not low-sodium) Beans are cholesterol-free. Essay Journey! (Or, you can point out that. beef is not cholesterol-free) Conclusion Based on the facts that they are. fat-free, low-sodium, and cholesterol free, beans. are definitely a more healthy source of protein. Research Evidence for informational, argumentative essays can be. By Bus! objective like facts, statistics, and case. studies or anecdotal your personal. experiences Objective evidence will require research you. can use sources like books, articles, websites, Research Articles in me analysis essay magazines, newspapers, and journals.

can be found using the Librarys databases. Books can be found using the essay Librarys online. catalog. Good websites can be found using engines like. Sports! Keywords Regardless of where you seek resources books, articles, or websites the best way to journey, search. for resources is keyword searching Keywords represent the most important parts of. your thesis statement or argument Before you start searching, develop a list of. keywords from your argument.

Keywords Example Thesis Beans are a more healthy source of. protein than beef. Beans ? legumes Source Healthy health Protein Beef red meat Cholesterol You will combine them together using AND! Remember you arent limited to the actual words. from the thesis use related words or alternate. ideas! Also, look to your arguments for keywords, too those are key ideas! The Librarys Resources Books. Looking Up Books Catalog. beans and health. Look!

Additional keyword ideas! The Stacks are the essays for kids books that CAN be checked out. They are housed on the 2, 3, 4, and 5 floors of. the Library. The first letter will help you. figure out which floor. A-F 2nd floor G-P 3rd floor Q 4th floor R-Z 5th floor Delta Stacks are in our Stacks, so no worries!

The Librarys Resources Articles. Remember to essay by bus, find articles, you have to check the. databases! Articles Databases! Databases by informational essay prompts, Name. Databases by Subject. Databases by Subject.

Full-text articles in Ebsco will either be HTML, PDF, or both. If you dont see HTML or PDF (or. both), then the article is not available in full. This will cite the article for you! Abstracts are a summary of the article. Essay Journey! Quotations Citations Quotations when you use text from a resource in. your own writing Citations how you acknowledge resources youve. Quotations Indirect Quotation Some researchers note. that children are totally insensitive to their. parent's shyness (Zimbardo 62).Direct.

Quotation Zimbardo notes that children are. totally insensitive to argument, their parent's shyness (62).Paraphrase While not all children are, research has shown that some children are. insensible to the introversion or timidity of. their parent or parents (Zimbardo 62). Essay! Citations Book Langland, William. Piers the Ploughman. Essay Prompts! Baltimore Penguin Books, Ltd., 1974. Journal article Thibodeau, P.L., and S.J.

Melamut. Journey By Bus! Ergonomics in. the Electronic Library. Sports Essays! Bulletin of the Medical. Library Association 83.3 (July 1995) 322-329. Citations Journal article from a database Becker, Karen.

The Characteristics of. Bibliographic Instruction in Relation to journey by bus, the. Causes and Symptoms of Burnout. RQ 32.3 (Spring. Essay! 1993) 346-357. EBSCO ERIC. ULM University. Library, Monroe, LA. 19 May 2009.

Citations Website Lowe, Megan. Citations Guide MLA Style. Essay Journey By Bus! Megan. Introductions To Literature Essays! Lowe _at_ ULM. 8 June 2006. University of Louisiana. at Monroe. 12 June 2007 lthttp//www.ulm.edu/lowe/ MLAcitationguide.htmlgt. Remember citations are important for two reasons They allow you to give credit where credit is. due, which keeps you from plagiarism and cheating. Essay! charges Allows readers to retrace your research steps and. look at the actual resources you used. Informational Prompts! Question Answer Time. Argumentative Essay FYI Presentation http//www.ulm.edu/lowe/argumentativeessay.pp. Essay Journey By Bus! t Sites Consulted for sports for kids, Presentation Bogacizi University Writing Center Glendale Community College English Dept.

Dont forget the OWL at Purdue! http//owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ My Contact Info Email lowe_at_ulm.edu. Thanks for coming! Remember, if you need help, just ask at the.

Essay Example 1: Skin Cancer and Healthy Behavior. Skin cancer is the most common form of essay journey by bus cancer in the Unites States. The American Cancer Society predict that more than 1 million new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in out country this year. Statistics prove that more than 10, 250 people will die from skin cancer in 2004. The cause of skin cancer is nhd research paper still being researched, but health investigators believe it is associated with exposure to ultraviolet rays from the sun. But, how do you prevent skin cancer? One way is to by bus, protect your skin with sunscreen, and to stay out introductions of the sun as much as possible. How do you maintain a tan without endangering your skin? Leave that up to by bus, Neutrogena Instant Bronzers. Scientific research is beginning to make people more aware of the serious risk of cancer. Through portraying an alternative from baking in the sun or roasting in a sun bed, Neutrogena captures the introductions essays, sales from those who treasure their health and bodies.

The magazine ad placed in Teen Vogue pictures a stunning young woman in a short and sexy one-piece halter skirt, confidently showing off her ��perfect tan.�� She flashes a gorgeous smile, and has her chin resting against her hand, visually suggesting, ��Look at me.�� Primarily teen girls and essay journey by bus, young women read Teen Vogue. Essays? Placing this ad in a magazine targeting this audience suggest Teen Vogue is concerned about skin cancer, and wants to journey, stress their concern by illustrating an appealing alternative in their ad. According to Dr. Essays? Audrey Kunin, diplomat of the American board of Dermatology, the earlier people develop ultraviolet skin damage, the essay journey by bus, more apt it is that they will develop melanoma, a form of nhd research cancer. Since most tanning bed users are under the age of 30, this ad is aimed towards them. The white background of the ad places all the attention on the woman. Essay Journey? It causes her radiant and natural-looking skin to stand out, just as many women want to stand out in society today. The successful aftermath shown through the image of a knockout beauty, and the alternative technique present to obtain a natural-looking tan without abusing your skin with ultraviolet ray allures customers. Customers are intrigued by a healthy method for acquiring a tan, and are assured efficient flawless results through the satisfied smile of the model. Approaches to a Healthy Lifestyle.

actually lead to premature illness and death. Although improving one��s quality of thesis statement argument life is a personal choice, following some of the most basic steps could actually add years on to one��s life. 2. No tobacco use. 3. Eating a healthy diet. 4. Maintaining one��s recommended body weight.

5. Getting 7 to 8 hours of essay journey sleep each night. 6. Decreasing the amount of stress in one��s life. 7. Drinking alcohol in paper, moderation or not at all. 8. Surrounding oneself with healthy relationships. 9. Having knowledge about the journey by bus, environment and avoiding environmental risk factors. 10. Taking personal safety measures. Essay Example 3: Organic Farming. Through out the history of mankind, we have cultivated our own food. We have created a society where everything is almost given to us; there are people who work hard day after day trying to feed themselves and the rest of the world.

Some people choose to grow the essay, crops in a sustainable way to have a healthy lifestyle . Essay? This is essay a main reason they grow their own food this way. Some farmers and companies practice what I call ��super cropping��. This is a vegetable growing operation, which. Essay Example 4: Guide to Healthy Eating. A Quick Guide to Healthy Eating. �6�1 Fresh vegetables, fruit, and legumes. �6�1 Cereals (preferably wholegrain and essay journey, including breads, rice, pasts, and muesli) �6�1 Lean meat, fish, and poultry. �6�1 Milks, yoghurts, and cheeses (preferably reduced fat varieties where possible) �6�1 Saturated fat and moderate total fat intake.

�6�1 Alcohol intake. �6�1 Foods low in salt. �6�1 Foods that have moderate amounts of sugar and foods containing sugar. �6�1 Consuming a varied diet �C that is aim for different types of food across the whole range of thesis food. types, such as fruit, vegetable, meats. �6�1 To have a healthy lifestyle good eating patterns should be combined with regular moderate. �6�1 Be active everyday in as many ways as you can. �6�1 Put at least 30 minutes of by bus moderate-intensity physical activity on for kids, most, preferably all, days. �6�1 If you can, also enjoy some regular vigorous exercise for extra health and fitness. �6�1 Better concentration and essay by bus, mental processes.

�6�1 Increased work and black essay, life performance. �6�1 Happier lifestyle. �6�1 Increased self-esteem and self-confidence. Essay Example 4: What is a Healthy Lifestyle. Public awareness of essay by bus personal health and fitness has grown tremendously over the last few decades.

In generations past the idea of eating right and being physically fit was a luxury reserved for thesis defense clothing a privileged few. This concept has matured to embrace the idea that we all need to regularly engage in pursuit of journey by bus our own wellbeing. Defense Clothing? It seems that every week there is a new diet or fitness craze that emerges promising to provide the missing element to help you trim down and essay, shape up. With all the choices available, it��s no wonder that the informational essay prompts, majority of individuals that try to improve their condition, eventually drift back into old habits and by bus, fall short of their goals, feeling discouraged and even more confused about thesis defense how to effectively begin living a healthy lifestyle . Essay Example 5: Healthy School Meals. Sometimes it seems hard to essay by bus, believe it, but in fact it is true, that actually St. Peter's, from it's small part of Nottingham, was the thesis statement argument, catalyst for the now growing movement to improve the essay, quality of school meals. All the government initiatives and even Jamie Oliver's (our favourite chef) campaign was inspired by what we began at St. Peter's.

Yet, what was that? Simply a desire to provide a better nutrition al deal for the children of East Bridgeford through the provision of prompts non-processed, locally sourced and journey, organic food, freshly cooked each day by our fantastic kitchen staff, originally led by thesis defense the now famous Mrs. Orrey and more recently by essay by bus the dedicated and aptly named Mrs. Plumb. This is our so named 'Primary Choice' school meals' service. Essay Example 6: Obsession about being Thin. At present, a new dilemma has come to our nation's, and introductions to literature, the world's, attention: dangerously thin, half-starved models who are setting the weight standard for today's society. People, especially young women, look at these models and want to look just like them, no matter what the consequences to their bodies and minds. This has caused an increase in eating disorders and has emphasized an essay by bus, unhealthy lifestyle. Fortunately, organizations like the to literature essays, have begun to create committees and form guidelines for models to help promote a healthier life style. As long as models, modeling agencies, and designers are committed to by bus, promoting healthy lifestyles , this dangerous trend can and statement, will cease to exist.

Essay Example 7: Healthy Eating Nutrition. Healthy eating and exercise will help in the prevention or maintenance of sugar levels thus lowering the chance of developing diabetes and/or other illnesses. A well balanced diet and regular exercise are important for a healthy lifestyle to avoid these health issues. There are certain benefits and by bus, important reasons for eating healthy. Eating healthy allows the body to operate more efficiently, so that the numbers of black like me analysis essay visits to the doctor��s office related to digestion or the journey by bus, lack there-of are kept to a minimum, and a better quality of life can be enjoyed. This paper will discuss the benefits of healthy eating, controlling diabetes and prevention of other diseases and illnesses.

An additional good product to informational essay prompts, include when making good quality choices for healthy eating is soy. There are many benefits for including soy in a daily diet routine. Soy is high in protein. Soy can be substituted for red meat. Journey? Soy comes in a variety of forms. Introductions? Soymilk is a non-dairy product. Soy products can be purchased in hamburger, hot dog, sausage, bacon, buffalo wing and host of other forms. It is by bus possible to find soy products in a grocery store. There are many different brand names to choose from.

In some studies, soy has been known to reduce hot flashes in women during menopause. Soy products can be used with hormone replacement therapy. Fish alone is good for the body. Fish has certain oils that aids in the production of a healthy heart alone with providing the body with good saturated fatty oils. If fish is not a favorite to eat, a supplement of thesis argument fish oil caplets or pills can be included in a daily diet routine. For older adults with a calcium deficiency a multivitamin high in journey by bus, calcium would be a good choice. Thesis Clothing? Whatever the essay by bus, need, there is multivitamin suited for the body and thesis, all lifestyles. To ensure that the multivitamin being purchased is tailored for the body and lifestyle, check with a doctor or pharmacist for help in choosing a good multivitamin . Sorry . Essay Journey By Bus? The below content is NOT READY. We are still working on it, but check back soon! Advocate a Healthy Lifestyle.

Describe the clothing, impact of vending, fast/convenience foods on essay, lifestyle. Correlated English Language Arts Academic Content Benchmarks. Explain how MyPyramid.gov guides healthy food choices. Predict the consequences of using daily recommended dietary habits. Explain how group/team skills accommodate and meet individual healthy body needs in a family/household with diverse preferences. Demonstrate comprehension of print and electronic text by responding to questions (e.g., literal, inferential, evaluative and synthesizing). Compile, organize and evaluate information, take notes and to literature essays, summarize findings. Analyze the techniques used by speakers and media to influence an audience, and by bus, evaluate the effect this has on the credibility of sports a speaker or media message. Estimate, compute and solve problems involving real numbers, including ratio, proportion and essay by bus, percent, and explain solutions.

Introductory Benchmark D: Examine restaurants and their menus related to a healthy lifestyle . Differentiate among restaurant menu items that contribute to daily requirements including portion control. Identify nutritious foods to eat when away from home. 2. Identify the to literature essays, components of the USDA nutrition facts label. 3. Research special claims on food labels related to the nutritive value of packaged food. 4. Journey By Bus? Demonstrate knowledge of thesis defense nutrient functions in the body. 1. Explain the role of exercise in managing weight. 2. Identify factors that influence body weight. 3. Explain criteria for determining healthy body weight.

Covering cough or sneeze and washing hands; Tying hair back and avoiding touch; Wearing clean clothes with no loose sleeves; Using gloves if hands have open sores or cuts; Avoiding tastes with utensils used to essay by bus, prepare food. 2. Describe how common mistakes in food handling promote food-borne pathogens (e.g., Salmonella, botulism, and essays for kids, E. coli).

Refrigerate food promptly; Keeping hot foods hot; Avoid eating raw foods (e.g., raw cookie dough; raw eggs; partially cooked meat, eggs, Wash fresh produce under running water just before using or eating; 4. Explain kitchen sanitation procedures, to essay journey, prevent cross contamination and food-borne pathogens by: Washing tops of cans; Washing counters and cutting boards with chlorine bleach solution; Keeping pets and insects out of the kitchen; Cleaning as you go; Disposing garbage properly;

Washing dishcloths and sponges daily. Introductory Benchmark B: Identify thoughtful, ethical, and workable individual actions that ensure adequate, secure food supplies for individuals and families. Explore individual daily dietary requirements (e.g., related to age, caloric intake, exercise, special food needs, cultural differences). 2. Determine whether school wellness program provides students with foods that meet dietary requirements. 3. Essays? Determine if school wellness program suits the diverse school population. 4. Identify common food allergies and sensitivities (e.g., seafood, wheat, nuts, lactose, eggs). 5. Monitor labels to help individuals avoid allergenic foods (e.g., seafood, wheat, nuts, lactose, eggs). 2. Understand what food preparation practices help sustain the environment including:

Separate trash into renewable and non-renewable categories before discarding; Keep range top burners and reflectors clean; Run dishwasher only when full; Avoid preheating oven except for baking; Cover pan when boiling water;

Match pan size to heating element; Watch the timer rather than open the oven door. 3. Recognize why food preparation practices can sustain the environment. Covering cough or sneeze and washing hands; Using gloves if open sore or cuts;

Avoiding tastes with utensils used to prepare food. 3. Model safe kitchen behaviors to avoid food-borne pathogens including: Wash fresh produce; Refrigerate food promptly; Keep hot foods hot; Use thermometer when cooking; Avoid eating raw food (e.g., raw cookie dough; raw eggs; partially cooked meat, eggs, fish); Thaw frozen foods in refrigerator overnight or in microwave; Clean refrigerator (e.g., prevent Listeria); Wash fresh produce before using or eating.

4. Demonstrate kitchen sanitation when handling food, to prevent cross contamination and food-borne pathogens by: Washing tops of cans; Washing counters and cutting boards with chlorine bleach solution; Keeping pets and insects out of the essay journey by bus, kitchen; Disposing garbage properly; Washing dishcloths and sponges daily.

Examine the effects that food-borne pathogens have on thesis argument, the body. Explain how processes at the cellular level affect the functions and characteristics of an journey, organism. Nhd Research Paper? (Life Sciences A, 11-12) Intermediate Benchmark B: Use critical thinking and reasoning to engage available resources and ensure an adequate, secure food supply. Meet individual daily dietary requirements (e.g., related to age, caloric intake, exercise, special food needs, cultural differences). Use cost comparison strategies (e.g., generic vs. brand, coupons); Explore use of local food pantries and food or soup kitchens (e.g., government agencies, school meal programs, available storage environments [no refrigeration, cooking facilities]). 2. Identify regulating agencies at the local, state, and federal levels responsible for insuring a secure food supply.

Federal, community, and household methods to protect and cope with bio-terrorism; Government regulatory role for efficacy (e.g., of essay journey by bus foods, vitamins, herbs, other nutrition al supplements); Government regulatory role for food product safety related to quality and wholesomeness; food inspections; and food cultivation, processing, packaging and labeling. 4. Identify action plan that considers differing points of informational prompts view related to: Safe imported foods; Genetically modified food, herbs and supplements; School food programs; Local wellness policies; Antibiotic use in food stock animals. 5. Essay By Bus? Identify reliable resources of food safety information to inform families making decisions related to essay, providing safe, secure food supplies.

Up-to-date, unbiased information without conflict of journey by bus interest; Validated information from essay more than one source; Information based on reliable research procedures. 7. Accommodate food allergies, intolerances, and sensitivities by essay journey recommending dietary alternatives (e.g., to seafood, wheat, nuts, beans, lactose, eggs). Correlated English Language Arts Academic Content Benchmarks. Demonstrate comprehension of print and electronic text by nhd research paper responding to questions (e.g., literal, inferential, evaluative and synthesizing). (Reading Process B, 8-10; Reading Process B, 11-12) Compile, organize and evaluate information, take notes and summarize findings. (Research B, 11-12) Evaluate the essay by bus, usefulness and credibility of informational data and sources and synthesize information from multiple sources. (Research C, 11-12) Apply mathematical knowledge and skills routinely in other content areas and practical situations. (Mathematical Processes B, 8-10)

Locate and interpret mathematical information accurately, and communicate ideas, processes and solutions in a complete and easily understood manner. Journey? (Mathematical Processes H, 8-10) Assess the adequacy and reliability of information available to solve a problem. (Mathematical Processes C, 11-12) Critique data and information to determine the adequacy of prompts support for conclusions. (Social Studies Skills and Methods B, 11-12) 2. Essay Journey? When purchasing, storing and thesis argument, preparing foods, use renewable and essay by bus, non-renewable resource practices to prompts, sustain the environment by such practices as: Separate trash recyclables and garbage; Choose recyclables when possible;

Avoid double wrapping; Keep range top burners and reflectors clean; Run dishwasher only when full; Avoid preheating oven except for baking; Cool leftovers before refrigerating; Cover pan when boiling water; Match pan size to heating element; Eliminate disposable products like Styrofoam� and plastic; Use timer rather than open the oven door.

3. Explain the impact of resource-conserving practices for sustaining the environment. Kids and Healthy Lifestyle s. Run, Jump, And . . . Eat Vegetables! With childhood obesity affecting one in five children, camps play a vital role in turning back this national trend. Camps are important partners for parents and children who want to make positive changes that keep kids active and eating right all year long.

It��s no surprise to concerned parents that many children spend too much time with inactive technology, devoting as much as three to five hours a day to TV or computer-related entertainment. Almost everyone is familiar with the essay journey, Food Guide Pyramid, but not many people are as familiar with the Physical Activity Pyramid. According to introductions to literature essays, the Council for Physical Education for Children, sixty minutes is the minimum amount of physical activity recommended for essay by bus children. Introductions Essays? Ideally, children should engage in flexibility games and exercises as well as muscular fitness activities at least three times a week, have active aerobics, active sports and recreation activities be a part of each day��s activities, and gather many of the sixty minutes of moderate and journey by bus, vigorous activities from outside play, games, walking, and other physical exercise. Sports Essays For Kids? Camps offer an optimal environment to encourage varying levels of physical challenges, teach lifelong active recreational pursuits, and establish opportunities to learn active lifestyle behaviors. How do camps help? For starters, camps continue doing what they do best, which is essay journey focusing on the positive development of children. Camp is, after all, for kids. tandem with education and nutrition . them good choices. dishes (chips, cookies, candy, etc.), provide healthy.

options at for kids the snack bar or camp store. when to journey, stop eating. Camps can play a vital role in essay, contributing to journey, lifelong patterns of exercise and excellent nutrition . Camp is informational a great place to essay by bus, offer good food, great activities, a positive environment, safe and secure location, and most of all, fun. Chapter 1: Obesity �C a growing problem. Chapter 7: Funding sources. Inspectors should assess how well pupils develop a basic knowledge and understanding of health issues and apply this knowledge in their own lives. The evidence collected to help inspectors reach this judgement may also help inspectors in judging other outcomes, aspects of provision and leadership and management. For example, if a particular group of pupils does not understand health issues or shows great reluctance in applying their knowledge positively, inspectors will also need to consider the impact of this on care, guidance and support and on the school��s promotion of equality of to literature opportunity.

Inspectors are not expected to judge whether pupils are healthy. Most schools promote healthy living, partly, through their personal, social, health and economic (PSHE) education programmes but also through curriculum areas including physical education, science and design technology. Information from these, and where relevant, other areas, about the impact of the provision on pupils�� understanding of health issues and essay by bus, the impact on their lifestyles may provide useful evidence for inspectors. For example, observations of physical education lessons will provide an insight into the participation rates and quality of physical activity undertaken by pupils; scrutiny of science books may provide evidence on what the pupils know and understand about the impact of informational prompts smoking on essay by bus, health; scrutiny of sports work in design and technology1 may provide evidence of pupils�� understanding of healthy eating options. Where inspectors judge that pupils�� outcomes in respect to journey, healthy lifestyle s are in response to the school��s provision, this will be reflected in their judgements about the effectiveness of that provision. For example, where there are too few pupils or specific groups of pupils participating in physical activity or where pupils do not understand the health risks posed by substance abuse, this evidence will help inspectors reach their judgement not only on the extent to which pupils adopt healthy lifestyle s but also on the quality of the curriculum and of care guidance and support. Important sources of evidence for the judgement about the essays, extent to which pupils adopt healthy lifestyle s, are Ofsted��s pupils�� and parents�� surveys, carried out when the school has been notified of the inspection. These provide a general view of essay whether or not pupils are encouraged to adopt healthy active lifestyles.

Inspectors can also investigate whether the school itself consults pupils, parents, staff and thesis, governors about health issues, particularly in relation to developing and applying policies and programmes for journey by bus sex and relationships education (SRE) and drug, alcohol and tobacco education (DATE). Evidence about such consultation, which may be indicated in the self-evaluation form (SEF) and essays for kids, followed up through discussions with staff and essay by bus, pupils, may also contribute to judgements about the extent to which pupils contribute to thesis, the school community and essay journey, how well the school engages with parents. Potential areas for investigation. The uptake of school meals: Inspectors should note the uptake of school meals, which are based on national nutrition standards2, and discuss this in the context of the school. The government targets and national figures for the uptake of school meals are available in separate guidance. Questions that might be asked are whether pupils and parents follow any guidance given about packed lunches and about what food and drink should be brought into school. Inspectors should not examine the contents of packed lunches but may wish to discuss this informally with pupils who bring them to school. Pupils�� choice of food: An important aspect of essay prompts pupils�� adoption of a healthy lifestyle is their choice of food. In considering school meals uptake and other healthy eating choices inspectors should be mindful of the choices that parents make for essay journey their children��s food, both in school and at prompts other times.

Inspectors can consider whether pupils are aware of the essay journey, potential positive and like me analysis essay, negative consequences of different foods and eating patterns. Inspectors will want to investigate whether pupils make healthy choices from the range of journey by bus food and black like, drink, including school lunches, provided in the school. This includes food and journey, drink sold or provided as snacks and those choices provided by vending machines in the school. Physical activity: Inspectors will want to find out what proportion of pupils undertakes high quality physical education each week, given the government��s PSA target for thesis statement argument two hours physical education and school sport for all 5-16 year olds. The national figures are provided in separate guidance. Inspectors will also find it helpful to ask what proportion of the pupils takes part in five hours of physical education and school sport each week (as set out in the physical education and school sports strategy for young people). The following are examples of further questions which inspectors may find helpful with regard to pupils�� adoption of physically healthy lifestyle s. Do pupils understand that physical activity, together with a healthy diet, can help them feel healthier and may help them cope with stress? What are the take-up rates, for all groups of pupils, for activities that promote physical activity? Where appropriate, what proportion of pupils walk or ride safely to school? able to journey by bus, work and play in an appropriate environment with regard to, for example, comfortable levels of light and temperature in classrooms.

required to carry heavy bags unnecessarily. able to use furniture, equipment including physical education apparatus which are appropriate to their age and stage of physical development to enable them to avoid physical discomfort such as back pain? Pupils�� mental and emotional health: Inspectors are not required to for kids, determine the state of the pupils�� mental and emotional health. However inspectors can, through discussion with pupils, ascertain their understanding of the factors which may damage these aspects of essay their health and those which can bring about improvements. Essay? For example, inspectors may investigate whether pupils, relevant to their age and essay by bus, cognitive ability, are able to recognise the signs of black like stress and mental ill health and essay journey by bus, act on them either through preventative measures or accessing confidential advice and support. Inspectors should be mindful of the links between evidence which may be relevant to black essay, pupils�� safety and behaviour, such as that on journey by bus, bullying, which may also have an impact on pupils�� mental and sports for kids, emotional health. Inspectors might also consider how well pupils respond to the school��s use of social and emotional aspects of learning (SEAL) materials to develop pupils�� social and essay, emotional understanding and statement argument, skills. Journey? Many schools have records and clothing, analysis of the impact of SEAL on journey by bus, both groups of pupils and individuals. Pupils with medical needs: Many schools accommodate pupils with significant medical needs such as diabetes. Introductions? Inspectors will need to consider whether these pupils, in journey by bus, the context of their particular needs, understand the factors that impact on their health and can apply them to their lifestyle.

This may contribute to the evidence in a case study of one or more potentially vulnerable pupils and will also provide some insight into the school��s care, guidance and support arrangements. Awards: Schools are often keen to present evidence of the Healthy Schools Award and/or Activemark. Inspectors can consider this evidence for indications of like me analysis essay positive outcomes and journey, pupil participation. Obesity is widely recognized as one of the most pressing health threats to children and families across the country. Today, one-third of American children and essay prompts, adolescents are either obese or at risk of becoming obese.1 There are serious health implications associated with obesity for children, including increased risk for developing heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, orthopedic problems, and by bus, asthma.2. Understanding issues that affect lower-income African-American and Latino families on a daily basis provides critical insight about their priorities, concerns, and lifestyle behaviors. It is important for public health officials and policy-makers to consider these issues when developing messages, strategies, and statement, interventions aimed at promoting healthier lifestyles among these populations. In effort to assess participants�� priorities, researchers asked them to identify and rank their most pressing issues, to describe how their communities shape their lives, and to define what a healthy lifestyle means to them. Messages about preventing childhood obesity that are developed for lower-income African-American and Latino families must be sensitive to their central concerns and journey, existing barriers discussed during these interviews.

Generic public health messages about overweight and obesity do not appear to resonate with these communities. Understanding that competing issues related to daily survival often outweigh the importance of being overweight or obese will help inform efforts to promote healthier lifestyles among these communities. Assessing respondents�� current health-related behaviors is one way to evaluate their knowledge of behaviors that contribute to a healthy lifestyle . It also helps to determine specific guidelines and activities parents and teens are willing to follow. This practical information will help public health officials promote effective messages, strategies, and programs that encourage lower-income African-American and Latino families to to literature essays, engage in healthier behaviors. African-American and Latino respondents believe that physical activity and healthy eating are important, but indicate that significant environmental barriers make it difficult for them to essay journey by bus, sustain healthy behaviors. Jurisdictions need to be held accountable for providing clean, safe recreational spaces, and for addressing the thesis defense, fears of essay crime that may restrict outdoor activity. Communities also should work to leverage and sports, expand existing resources available through schools, recreational facilities, and local businesses. For example, improving school nutrition policies, offering free health education workshops and exercise classes for journey residents, or supporting farmers�� markets would increase the availability of affordable nutritious foods and create more opportunities for physical activity. Messages and interventions aimed at reducing childhood obesity should integrate culturally relevant suggestions and must be sensitive to families with limited resources. Understanding how African-American and introductions to literature essays, Latino parents and by bus, teens perceive the essay, terms ��overweight�� and journey, ��obesity�� can greatly impact how information about the associated health risks is communicated to thesis defense, families.

As part of the interview process, parents and teens were asked a range of questions to help researchers gain insights into their attitudes, beliefs, and concerns regarding overweight and obesity. Participants were asked to define overweight and by bus, obesity, identify concerns they might have about the issue, and describe any family discussions surrounding overweight or obesity. For teens, being overweight wa associated with unhealthy eating behaviors and health problems. Some of their most common concerns regarding overweight and obesity included poor health, physical limitations, and appearance. Teens also shared specific beliefs about how race influences obesity in their communities. For example, one perception was that African-Americans have less healthy eating habits than do Caucasians, because of limited financial resources and fewer food choices. Male Latinos expressed the introductions essays, belief that Caucasians are more concerned with being overweight than are Latinos or African-Americans. Most participants commonly define overweight and obesity on a case-by-case basis��dependent mostly on individual appearance rather than scientifically accepted weight categories. This may indicate an inability to accurately identify personal weight status or the weight status of their children, and should be considered when developing messages and journey by bus, resources for argument these communities.

In addition to essay, discussing their beliefs regarding overweight and obesity, respondents also were asked if they seek health information, how they receive that information, and which sources they trust. Parents reported that their sources of health information include pamphlets from doctors�� offices and clinics, magazines, radio, television and the Internet. Some parents also proactively seek information from programs sponsored by Women, Infants and Children (WIC) and from local nutrition hotlines. Most parents believe that acquaintances who are making successful changes, such as losing weight, are very credible sources. Delivering messages that will motivate Latino and African-American families to adopt and maintain healthier lifestyles greatly depends on effective communications vehicles and messengers. According to respondents, it is important to provide engaging, hands-on learning programs that involve multiple family members. These programs could be sponsored in schools or community-based organizations, and black essay, they need to be affordable and easily accessible for both parents and children.

Including strong messengers in the program, such as community members and health professionals who have succeeded in making healthy lifestyle changes is equally important. Study findings demonstrate a clear need for a comprehensive approach to address childhood obesity among lower-income African-American and Latino families in the Washington metropolitan area. Journey By Bus? For many of these families, issues relating to daily survival such as employment, safety, limited finances, and to literature essays, education take priority over the issues of overweight and obesity. Messages about preventing childhood obesity must be sensitive to these concerns and aim to by bus, raise the priority of increased physical activity and good nutrition . While respondents generally acknowledged the importance of good nutrition and regular physical activity, they expressed frustration and concern over argument, time constraints and the lack of resources and essay journey by bus, community support that would allow them to sustain healthy behaviors.

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Mid-Level Dark Blue. Career Changer Brick Red. Whether it�s entry-level, manager, or executive, every job seeker experiences different phases throughout their career. Some phases, like being in the middle of a complete career change or hopping around short-term jobs, are quite difficult to transfer on informational essay, a resume. Fortunately, we have created a new library of templates specifically tailored to the various stages of a career. Remember: You can download any of these resume templates for journey, free and add the introductions to literature, bullet points yourself, or you can make a resume in minutes with Resume Genius� renowned resume builder software. It can save you a lot of essay by bus, hassle designing and thesis statement argument, filling up your resume, and essay, land you more interviews faster. However, if you�d still like to make the resume on your own, use our industry-specific resume samples to give you guidance and thesis defense, inspiration when writing your own resume. Lastly, don�t forget to check out our professional cover letter examples. Not Sure Which Template to Choose? The answer is yes � if you want to.

Every person�s experience is unique, so you�ll need to choose a template that best reflects and journey, promotes your skills and essays for kids, experiences.Our templates are built to be customizable to any industry and essay by bus, are great for any of the to literature essays, 3 resume formats. The fact is, the web is filled with so many fantastic and creative template designs that there is undoubtedly something for you out there. We are proud of the designs we�ve created, and have seen that they are effective at landing interviews. But we�re not finished yet � we�ll be adding template designs to this page extensively in essay journey by bus, the near future. If you feel like creating your own, that�s fine too. Readability is thesis statement, king when creating a good template � it is the essay, most important factor, followed by how the resume itself is informational prompts, structured to essay journey by bus, showcase your best experiences and conceal your negative ones. You may have read on the Internet that it�s inappropriate to use a resume template. You�ll hear these arguments: 1. It shows you�re lazy and uncreative, and unable to design your own. Wrong, it shows you�re efficient. (Creating your own is fine, too.) 2. Since your experience is unique, a resume template won�t cut it.

Wrong again. Your experience is personally unique, but you still generally fall into pattern that many other people have traveled before. 3. Essays For Kids! The hiring manager will be tired of looking at that resume template design because a lot of other people use it. That hiring manager should be fired. It�s the content of your resume that matters, not the aesthetic (unless it�s not readable.) We hope that clears up any misconceptions you may have had. We invite you to essay by bus, scroll back to the top and choose from one of our many resume libraries, and start writing. cover letter for to literature essays, nursing. Should i include collegiate sports in my resume?

And if so where? It depends how much professional experience you have. If you are a recent college grad, then it is acceptable to include on your resume. Good luck on the job hunt! Good luck on the job hunt! If the by bus, jobs are relevant to the ones you are applying for, then you can go as far back as you like. With regards to your military experience, check out our military to civilian resume guide: https://resumegenius.com/blog/go-shooting-guns-coffee-runs. Any of the thesis, templates in library 2 would be suitable for manufacturing careers. Best of luck! I�ve worked in the same industry for the past 13 years. Essay Journey! Multiple employers with jobs lasting two to three years each.

The jobs have been similar, so the like me analysis, experience looks a bit repetitive. I need to find a template that highlights my experience without getting bogged down in the chronology, Any suggestions? It provides ample space for your professional experience, while also highlighting your top qualifications. Good luck on essay journey by bus, the job hunt! hi resume genius.. i need template resume that suitable for trainer and coach.. can u suggest to me with template is suitable.. #128578;

I had a job for 7 years and me analysis, during that time I wore many hats, Executive Admin, Purchasing, Vendor Management, Project Coordination, etc. How would I write that on my resume? Perhaps the Company name and then all the related roles under that and by bus, the times I did those jobs? I was always the Executive Admin, but I did other jobs during that period. Yes, your suggestion is correct. Start with the company name and paper, included the related jobs with their own bullet points underneath. Good luck! Consider trying the �Job Hopper� or the �Executive.� They should able to by bus, fit all your jobs nicely.

Ive never had a job so what should I use? Most of the nhd research paper, templates above would suit your situation, but we suggest trying the essay, Career Changer template because it emphasizes skills over the dates of your professional experience. (https://resumegenius.com/resume-templates/career-level-life-situation-templates#career-changer-templates) Best of luck! We suggest using the �Gatsby� Template. Essays For Kids! Good luck with grad school! As far as style, we suggest our �Professional� template. In terms of format, if you want to include your restaurant experience, then you might want to consider using a functional format:https://resumegenius.com/resume-formats/functional-samples-writing-guide. Hope this helps! We suggest using our �Entry-Level� template. Good luck with the journey, internship! Good Day Resume Genius.I�m a midwife by profession an has worked in essays, a military hospital for by bus, 16 years in KSA.

I�m trying to apply as a home based ESL educator and an email respondent . Since I�m from the nhd research, medical profession, I�m having difficulty in choosing the perfect resume.The skill I know is more on the medical.,clerical which involes data entry for appointments and summary, interpreter and essay by bus, my part time informal english lessons to native speaking arabs. What template should I use? Try the �Murray� template. Good luck! Hello. Which is good for cabin crew applicant? I have no many work experience in service. So i want to highlight the other things. Thesis Argument! Thanks #128578; Take a look at our Flight Attendant resume sample: https://resumegenius.com/resume-samples/flight-attendant-resume-example You can download it and input your own information. Which template would you recommend for a career in education?

Check out our teacher resume samples: https://resumegenius.com/resume-samples/teacher-resume-example You can download them and input your own experience. Try using the �Freeman� template. Best of luck on the promotion! Hi! What resume template would you recommend for a college freshman trying to apply for a competitive summer program with the USDA and South Dakota State University?

Sound like the �Entry-Level� template would be a good fit for what you�re trying to essay journey, do. Good luck with the informational essay, summer program. Hi! Which resume template would you recommend for someone trying to tap into the finance and journey by bus, accounting market. Looking for for kids, an entry-level position. You should go with the �Entry-Level� template. Good luck with the job hunt. I have worked 32+ years as a nurse, the last 4 years taking care of essay journey by bus, my elderly father and essays for kids, online work. Now seeking to get back into essay journey the job market for extra income, not necessarily in the health field, just to sports for kids, earn some income and socialize. What resume do you suggest?

Try the �Job Hopper� template. Good luck with your job search! Hi! What resume template would you recommend for journey by bus, a 9th grader trying to defense, apply for a doctor (any)?? Apparently, resume making and interviewing is essay, our project for the fourth quarter this year. I couldn�t find any clear examples on the web, and I was hoping you could help me out with what template I should use.. Try using the essays, �Elegant 2.0� template. Good luck on your project. Yes, if you click the essay by bus, View all Resume Designs button and click the download link for the template pack of your choice.

If you�ve never written a resume before, I�d recommend checking out our �How to Write a Resume� guide to get a clearer idea (it�s much more comprehensive than any answer I can give here). To Literature Essays! https://resumegenius.com/how-to-write-a-resume. Hit us up with any follow-up questions after giving that a read we�ll see if we can help further! Good luck! Hey there Margaret, In order to best understand which template works, it�s a good idea to check out which resume format fits your particular needs; then you can take it from there. https://resumegenius.com/resume-formats. All of the essay by bus, templates were created by professional resume writers, so it�s hard to go wrong with any of them � it just depends on essays, your preference. Good luck!

It really depends on what job you�re applying for. Since you have substantial work experience, try quantifying that in your resume (think: any numbers that a hiring manager can look at journey by bus and better understand what you accomplished during your time working there). Check out thesis statement argument, this page and choose the essay, one you find most fitting, that should be a good start: https://resumegenius.com/resume-formats. Good luck on essays, the job hunt! Hey there hbil036,

This way, you can focus on your skills qualifications critical to the job application. As an essay journey by bus aside, you may want to look into whether you�re qualified to get back into accounting after that many years outside of the field. Essays For Kids! I understand that some regulations and essay by bus, rules change over the years � it may just be a matter of taking a test or updating your certifications, but I�m not certain. To Literature! If that doesn�t seem to be a problem then go with the functional resume for sure. Good luck on the job hunt! If you are lacking in major experience, I�d recommend using a reverse chronological format for essay by bus, your resume. Our �Classic� template on this page should do the trick: https://resumegenius.com/resume-templates/ Good luck at the job fair! I recommend you first check out clothing, our internship resume sample page: https://resumegenius.com/resume-samples/internship-resume-example. Afterwards, feel free to choose any format � just use a comprehensive education section instead of a professional experience section, and you should be good. Good luck landing that internship! Share Free Downloadable Resume Templates

Our code geeks and HR experts are proud to introduce our new Free Resume Builder software to help you land more interviews in today�s competitive job market. We provide HR-approved resume templates, built-in job description bullet point phrases to choose from, and easy export to MS Word and PDF. Get awesome job opportunities sent directly to your inbox. By clicking Send Me Job Alerts, I agree to the Resume Genius Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Play the One-Minute Game That�ll Show You How to Improve Your Resume. Think you can judge the quality of a resume within 6 seconds?

The answer may surprise you. Essay Journey By Bus! Put your skills to nhd research, the test, and essay journey, learn how to make your resume 6 second worthy! 3 Reasons Why I Wouldn't Hire Tom Brady. Tom Brady�s resume is nhd research, a couple yards short of a touchdown. There are tons of errors throughout. See why. How to Modify and Maximize your Resume Template. Need a resume template? Feel free to by bus, download one, but be sure to make small modifications to unlock your. Would You Rather Work for a Man or a Woman? Do people still care whether they work for a man or woman, or do most people simply look for a nice job.

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essay on ww1 causes About World War I. T he First World War was truly #145;the Great War#146;. Its origins were complex. Its scale was vast. Its conduct was intense. Its impact on military operations was revolutionary. Its human and material costs were enormous.

And its results were profound. The war was a global conflict. Thirty-two nations were eventually involved. Twenty-eight of these constituted the essay journey, Allied and Associated Powers, whose principal belligerents were the British Empire, France, Italy, Russia, Serbia, and informational essay prompts the United States of America. Essay Journey. They were opposed by the Central Powers: Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire. The war began in the Balkan cockpit of informational essay, competing nationalisms and ancient ethnic rivalries. Hopes that it could be contained there proved vain. Expansion of the war was swift. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on 28 July 1914; Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August. Germany declared war on France on 3 August and by bus invaded Belgium.

France was invaded on thesis defense clothing 4 August. German violation of Belgian neutrality provided the British with a convenient excuse to enter the war on the side of France and Russia the same evening. Austria-Hungary declared war on Russia on 6 August. France and Great Britain declared war on Austria-Hungary six days later. The underlying causes of these events have been intensively researched and debated. Journey By Bus. Modern scholars are less inclined to allocate blame for the outbreak of war than was the case in the past. They have sought instead to understand the fears and ambitions of the thesis defense, governing lites of Europe who took the fateful decisions for war, particularly that of imperial Germany. Fears were more important than ambitions. Of the essay journey by bus, powers involved in the outbreak of war, only Serbia had a clear expansionist agenda.

The French hoped to recover the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine lost to Germany as a result of their defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1, but this was regarded as an attempt at restitution rather than acquisition. Otherwise, defensive considerations were paramount. The states who embarked on the road to war in 1914 wished to preserve what they had. Informational. This included not only essay by bus their territorial integrity but also their diplomatic alliances and their prestige. These defensive concerns made Europe's statesmen take counsel of their fears and submit to the tyranny of events. The Austrians feared for the survival of their multi-racial Empire if they did not confront the threat of introductions to literature essays, Serb nationalism and Panslavism. The Germans feared the consequences to essay journey themselves of allowing Austria, their closest and only reliable ally, to defense be weakened and humiliated. The Russians feared the threat to their prestige and authority as protector of the by bus, Slavs if they allowed Austria to defeat and essay humiliate Serbia. The French feared the superior population numbers, economic resources, and journey military strength of their German neighbours.

France's principal defence against the threat of German power was its alliance with Russia. This it was imperative to defend. The British feared occupation of the Low Countries by a hostile power, especially a hostile power with a large modern navy. But most of all they feared for the long-term security of their Empire if they did not support France and Russia, their principal imperial rivals, whose goodwill they had been assiduously cultivating for a decade. All governments feared their peoples. Argument. Some statesmen welcomed the war in the belief that it would act as a social discipline purging society of dissident elements and encouraging a return to patriotic values. Others feared that it would be a social solvent, dissolving and transforming everything it touched. The process of expansion did not end in August 1914. Essay. Other major belligerents took their time and waited upon events.

Italy, diplomatically aligned with Germany and Austria since the Triple Alliance of 1882, declared its neutrality on 3 August. In the to literature, following months it was ardently courted by France and Britain. On 23 May 1915 the Italian government succumbed to Allied temptations and declared war on Austria-Hungary in pursuit of territorial aggrandizement in by bus the Trentino. Bulgaria invaded Serbia on 7 October 1915 and sealed that pugnacious country's fate. Serbia was overrun. The road to Constantinople was opened to the Central Powers. Romania prevaricated about which side to join, but finally chose the Allies in August 1916, encouraged by the success of the Russian 'Brusilov Offensive'. It was a fatal miscalculation. The German response was swift and decisive. Romania was rapidly overwhelmed by sports for kids two invading German armies and its rich supplies of essay by bus, wheat and informational oil did much to keep Germany in the war for another two years.

Romania joined Russia as the other Allied power to suffer defeat in the war. It was British belligerency, however, which was fundamental in turning a European conflict into a world war. By Bus. Britain was the world's greatest imperial power. The British had world-wide interests and world-wide dilemmas. Thesis Argument. They also had world-wide friends. Germany found itself at essay journey war not only with Great Britain but also with the dominions of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and nhd research South Africa and with the greatest British imperial possession, India. Essay Journey By Bus. Concern for nhd research, the defence of India helped bring the British into conflict with the Ottoman Empire in November 1914 and resulted in a major war in the Middle East. Most important of all, perhaps, Britain's close political, economic, and cultural ties with the United States of essay journey by bus, America, if they did not ensure that nation's eventual entry into the war, certainly made it possible. The American declaration of defense, war on Germany on journey by bus 6 April 1917 was a landmark not only in the history of the United States but also in that of Europe and the world, bringing to black like an end half a millennium of European domination and ushering in 'the American century'.

The geographical scale of the conflict meant that it was not one war but many. On the Western Front in France and Belgium the French and their British allies, reinforced from 1917 onwards by the Americans, were locked in essay a savage battle of attrition against thesis argument the German army. Here the war became characterized by increasingly elaborate and sophisticated trench systems and field fortifications. Dense belts of by bus, barbed wire, concrete pillboxes, intersecting arcs of machine-gun fire, and essay prompts accumulating masses of quick-firing field and journey by bus heavy artillery rendered man#156;uvre virtually impossible. Casualties were enormous. The first phase of the war in the west lasted until November 1914. This witnessed Germany's attempt to defeat France through an enveloping movement round the left flank of the French armies. Defense Clothing. The plan met with initial success.

The advance of the journey by bus, German armies through Belgium and thesis clothing northern France was dramatic. The French, responding with an offensive in Lorraine, suffered an almost catastrophic national defeat. France was saved by the iron nerve of its commander-in-chief, General J. Essay. J. C. Joffre, who had not only the intelligence but also the strength of character to extricate himself from the ruin of his plans and order the historic counter-attack against the German right wing, the 'miracle of the Marne'. The German armies were forced to retreat and to entrench. Their last attempt at to literature essays a breakthrough was stopped by French and essay by bus British forces near the introductions, small Flemish market town of Ypres in November. By Christmas 1914 trench lines stretched from the Belgian coast to the Swiss frontier. Although the essay by bus, events of 1914 did not result in a German victory, they left the Germans in a very strong position. The German army held the strategic initiative. It was free to retreat to positions of tactical advantage and to black like me analysis essay reinforce them with all the skill and ingenuity of German military engineering. Enormous losses had been inflicted on France.

Two-fifths of France's military casualties were incurred in 1914. Essay Journey By Bus. These included a tenth of the officer corps. German troops occupied a large area of northern France, including a significant proportion of French industrial capacity and mineral wealth. These realities dominated the thesis statement argument, second phase of the war in by bus the west. This lasted from November 1914 until March 1918. Thesis Argument. It was characterized by essay by bus the unsuccessful attempts of the French and their British allies to evict the German armies from French and Belgian territory.

During this period the Germans stood mainly on the defensive, but they showed during the Second Battle of Ypres (22 April-25 May 1915), and more especially during the Battle of Verdun (21 February-18 December 1916), a dangerous capacity to disrupt their enemies' plans. The French made three major assaults on the German line: in the spring of 1915 in Artois; in the autumn of 1915 in Champagne; and in the spring of 1917 on the Aisne (the 'Nivelle Offensive'). These attacks were characterized by the intensity of the fighting and the absence of achievement. Little ground was gained. No positions of strategic significance were captured. Casualties were severe.

The failure of the Nivelle Offensive led to a serious breakdown of morale in the French army. For much of the rest of 1917 it was incapable of major offensive action. The British fared little better. Although their armies avoided mutiny they came no closer to breaching the German line. Sports. During the battles of the Somme (1 July19 November 1916) and the Third Battle of Ypres (31 July-12 November 1917) they inflicted great losses on the German army at great cost to themselves, but the German line held and no end to the war appeared in sight.

The final phase of the war in the west lasted from 21 March until 11 November 1918. This saw Germany once more attempt to achieve victory with a knock-out blow and once more fail. Journey By Bus. The German attacks used sophisticated new artillery and infantry tactics. They enjoyed spectacular success. The British 5th Army on for kids the Somme suffered a major defeat. Essay By Bus. But the British line held in informational prompts front of Amiens and later to the north in front of Ypres. By Bus. No real strategic damage was done. By midsummer the German attacks had petered out. The German offensive broke the trench deadlock and returned movement and man#156;uvre to the strategic agenda. It also compelled closer Allied military co-operation under a French generalissimo, General Ferdinand Foch. The Allied counter-offensive began in July.

At the Battle of thesis, Amiens, on 8 August, the British struck the German army a severe blow. For the essay by bus, rest of the war in the west the Germans were in retreat. On the Eastern Front in Galicia and Russian Poland the Germans and their Austrian allies fought the gallant but disorganized armies of Russia. Here the introductions to literature, distances involved were very great. Artillery densities were correspondingly less.

Man#156;uvre was always possible and cavalry could operate effectively. This did nothing to lessen casualties, which were greater even than those on the Western Front. The war in the east was shaped by German strength, Austrian weakness, and Russian determination. German military superiority was apparent from the start of the war. The Russians suffered two crushing defeats in 1914, at Tannenberg (26-31 August) and journey the Masurian Lakes (5-15 September). These victories ensured the security of Germany's eastern frontiers for the rest of the war. They also established the military legend of Field-Marshal Paul von Hindenburg and General Erich Ludendorff, who emerged as principal directors of the German war effort in the autumn of 1916. By September 1915 the Russians had been driven out of Poland, Lithuania, and Courland. Austro-German armies occupied Warsaw and the Russian frontier fortresses of Ivangorod, Kovno, Novo-Georgievsk, and Brest-Litovsk.

These defeats proved costly to for kids Russia. They also proved costly to Austria. Austria had a disastrous war. Italian entry into the war compelled the Austrians to fight an three fronts: against Serbia in the Balkans; against Russia in journey by bus Galicia; against Italy in the Trentino. This proved too much for Austrian strength. Their war effort was characterized by dependency on Germany. Germans complained that they were shackled to the 'Austrian corpse'.

The war exacerbated the black me analysis essay, Austro-Hungarian Empire's many ethnic and national tensions. By 1918 Austria was weary of the war and desperate for peace. This had a major influence on essay the German decision to seek a victory in the west in thesis statement argument the spring of 1918. Perceptions of the Russian war effort have been overshadowed by the October Revolution of 1917 and by Bolshevik 'revolutionary defeatism' which acquiesced in the punitive Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (14 March 1918) and took Russia out essay of the informational prompts, war. This has obscured the astonishing Russian determination to keep faith with the journey by bus, Franco-British alliance. Without the Russian contribution in thesis statement argument the east it is far from certain that Germany could have been defeated in the west.

The unhesitating Russian willingness to aid their western allies is nowhere more apparent than in the 'Brusilov Offensive' (June-September 1916), which resulted in the capture of the Bukovina and large parts of Galicia, as well as 350,000 Austrian prisoners, but at a cost to Russia which ultimately proved mortal. In southern Europe the Italian army fought eleven indecisive battles in an attempt to dislodge the Austrians from their mountain strongholds beyond the Isonzo river. In October 1917 Austrian reinforcement by seven German divisions resulted in a major Italian defeat at Caporetto. The Italians were pushed back beyond the Piave. This defeat produced changes in the Italian high command. Journey. During 1918 Italy discovered a new unity of purpose and a greater degree of organization. On 24 October 1918 Italian and British forces recrossed the Piave and split the Austrian armies in two at Vittorio Veneto.

Austrian retreat turned into rout and then into surrender. In the Balkans the Serbs fought the Austrians and Bulgarians, suffering massive casualties, including the highest proportion of servicemen killed of any belligerent power. In October 1915 a Franco-British army was sent to Macedonia to essays operate against the Bulgarians. It struggled to essay have any influence on the war. To Literature. The Germans mocked it and essay journey by bus declared Salonika to be the biggest internment camp in Europe, but the French and British eventually broke out of the malarial plains into the mountainous valleys of the Vardar and Struma rivers before inflicting defeat on Bulgaria in the autumn of 1918.

In the Middle East British armies fought the Turks in a major conflict with far-reaching consequences. Here the war was characterized by the doggedness of Turkish resistance and by the constant struggle against sports essays for kids climate, terrain, and journey by bus disease. The British attempted to knock Turkey out of the war with an attack on the Gallipoli peninsula in April 1915, but were compelled to withdraw at the end of the year, having failed to break out from their narrow beach-heads in the face of stubborn Turkish resistance, coordinated by a German general, Liman von Sanders. The British also suffered another humiliating reverse in Mesopotamia when a small army commanded by Major-General C. V. F. Townshend advanced to paper Ctesiphon but outran its supplies and was compelled to essay journey surrender at Kut-al-Amara in April 1916. Only after the appointment of Sir Stanley Maude to the command of British forces in Mesopotamia did Britain's superior military and economic strength begin to assert itself. Maude's forces captured Baghdad in March 1917, the first clear-cut British victory of the war. The following June General Sir Edmund Allenby was appointed to command British forces in Egypt. He captured Jerusalem by Christmas and in September 1918 annihilated Turkish forces in Palestine.

Turkey surrendered on 31 October 1918. The war also found its way to tropical Africa. Germany's colonies in informational West and south-west Africa succumbed to British and South African forces by the spring of 1915. In East Africa, however, a German army of locally raised black African soldiers commanded by essay journey Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck conducted a brilliant guerrilla campaign, leading over like me analysis essay, 100,000 British and South African troops a merry dance through the bush and surrendering only after the defeat of Germany in Europe became known. On and under the oceans of the essay journey, world, Great Britain and Germany contested naval supremacy. Surface battles took place in the Pacific, the sports essays for kids, south Atlantic, and journey the North Sea. Informational Essay Prompts. The British generally had the better of these despite suffering some disappointments, notably at Coronel (1 November 1914) and Jutland (31 May-1 June 1916), the only major fleet engagement, during which Admiral Sir John Jellicoe failed to deliver the expected Nelsonic victory of essay, total annihilation. Submarine warfare took place in the North Sea, the Black Sea, the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Baltic.

German resort to unrestricted submarine warfare (February 1917) brought Britain to the verge of ruin. Clothing. German violation of international law and sinking of by bus, American ships also helped bring the statement, United States into the war on essay journey by bus the Allied side. The British naval blockade of statement, Germany, massively reinforced by the Americans from April 1917, played an important role in German defeat. The geographical scale of the conflict made it very difficult for political and military leaders to control events. The obligations of coalition inhibited strategic independence. Short-term military needs often forced the great powers to allow lesser states a degree of licence they would not have enjoyed in peacetime. Governments' deliberate arousal of popular passions made suggestions of compromise seem treasonable. Essay Journey By Bus. The ever-rising cost of the thesis, military means inflated the political ends. Hopes of a peaceful new world order began to replace old diplomatic abstractions such as 'the balance of power'. Rationality went out of season.

War aims were obscured. Strategies were distorted. Essay Journey By Bus. Great Britain entered the thesis defense, war on proclaimed principles of international law and in defence of the rights of small nations. By 1918 the British government was pursuing a Middle Eastern policy of naked imperialism (in collaboration with the French), while simultaneously encouraging the aspirations of Arab nationalism and promising support for the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine. It was truly a war of illusions. Europe's political and military leaders have been subjected to much retrospective criticism for their belief that the #145;war would be over by Christmas'. This belief was not based on complacency. Even those who predicted with chilling accuracy the murderous nature of First World War battlefields, such as the Polish banker Jan Bloch, expected the war to be short. This was because they also expected it to be brutal and costly, in both blood and treasure. No state could be expected to journey sustain such a war for very long without disastrous consequences. The war which gave the lie to these assumptions was the American Civil War.

This had been studied by European military observers at close quarters. Most, however, dismissed it. This was particularly true of the Prussians. Their own military experience in the wars against Austria (1866) and France (1870-1) seemed more relevant and essays for kids compelling. These wars were both short. They were also instrumental. In 1914 the Germans sought to replicate the success of their Prussian predecessors. Essay Journey By Bus. They aimed to fight a 'cabinet war' on sports for kids the Bismarckian model. To do so they developed a plan of essay, breath-taking recklessness which depended on the ability of the German army to defeat France in the thirty-nine days allowed for a war in the west. Strategic conduct of the First World War was dominated by German attempts to achieve victory through knock-out blows. Informational. Erich von Falkenhayn, German commander-in-chief from September 1914 until August 1916, was almost alone in his belief that Germany could obtain an outcome to essay journey the war satisfactory to its interests and those of its allies without winning smashing victories of total annihilation.

His bloody attempt to sports essays win the war by attrition at Verdun in 1916 did little to recommend the strategy to his fellow countrymen. The preference for knock-out blows remained. It was inherited from German history and was central to Germany's pre-war planning. Pre-war German strategy was haunted by journey the fear of a war on two fronts, against France in the west and Russia in the east. The possibility of thesis defense clothing, a diplomatic solution to essay this dilemma was barely considered by the military-dominated German government.

A military solution was sought instead. The German high command decided that the sports essays for kids, best form of defence was attack. They would avoid a war on two fronts by knocking out one of journey by bus, their enemies before the other could take the field. The enemy with the slowest military mobilization was Russia. The French army would be in the field first.

France was therefore chosen to nhd research paper receive the first blow. Once France was defeated the German armies would turn east and defeat Russia. The Schlieffen Plan rested on essay journey two assumptions: that it would take the Russians six weeks to put an army into the field; and that six weeks was long enough to defeat France. By 1914 the first assumption was untrue: Russia put an thesis army into the field in journey fifteen days. The second assumption left no margin for to literature essays, error, no allowance for the inevitable friction of journey by bus, war, and was always improbable. The failure of the Schlieffen Plan gave the First World War its essential shape. This was maintained by the enduring power of the German army, which was, in John Terraine's phrase, 'the motor of the war'.

The German army was a potent instrument. It had played a historic role in the emergence of the German state. Defense Clothing. It enjoyed enormous prestige. Essay. It was able to essays for kids recruit men of talent and dedication as officers and NCOs. As a result it was well trained and well led. It had the political power to command the resources of Germany's powerful industrial economy. Germany's position at the heart of Europe meant that it could operate on interior lines of communication in journey a European war. The efficient German railway network permitted the movement of nhd research paper, German troops quickly from front to front. The superior speed of the locomotive over the ship frustrated Allied attempts to essay use their command of the paper, sea to operate effectively against essay journey the periphery of the Central Powers. The power of the German army was the sports essays for kids, fundamental strategic reality of the war. Essay Journey By Bus. 'We cannot hope to win this war until we have defeated the German army,' wrote the commander-in-chief of the British Expeditionary Force, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig.

This was a judgement whose consequences some Allied political leaders were reluctant to embrace. The German army suffered from two important strategic difficulties. Nhd Research Paper. The first of these was the inability of the German political system to forge appropriate instruments of strategic control. Essay Journey. The second was Great Britain. German government rested on the tortured personality of the Kaiser.

It was riven by intrigue and indecision. The kind of thesis argument, centralized decision-making structures which eventually evolved in Britain and France (though not in Russia) failed to evolve in Germany. When the Kaiser proved incapable of coordinating German strategy, he was replaced not by essay a system but by other individuals, seemingly more effective. Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg radiated calm and inspired confidence. This gave him the appearance of a great man but without the substance. General Erich Ludendorff was a military technocrat of outstanding talent, but he was highly strung and without political judgement. In 1918 his offensive strategy brought Germany to ruin. The failure to develop effective mechanisms of strategic control applied equally to the Austro-German alliance. The Austrians depended on clothing German military and economic strength, but the Germans found it difficult to turn this into 'leverage'. Austria was willing to take German help but not German advice. Only after the journey by bus, crushing reverses inflicted by thesis defense clothing Brusilov's offensive did the Austrians submit to essay journey by bus German strategic direction.

By then it was almost certainly too late. Germany's pre-war strategic planning was based entirely on winning a short war. British belligerency made this unlikely. The British were a naval rather than a military power. They could not be defeated by the German army, at least not quickly. The British could, if necessary, hold out even after their Continental allies had been defeated. They might even have chosen to do this. They had in the past and they would again in the not-too-distant future.

The German navy was too weak to defeat the to literature essays, British, but large enough to make them resentful and suspicious of German policy; it ought never to have been built. Journey. British entry into the war dramatically shifted the economic balance in favour of the Allies. Britain was one of the world's great industrial powers. Seventy-five per cent of the world's shipping was British built and much of it British owned. London was the world's greatest money and commodities market. British access to world supplies of food and credit and to imperial resources of thesis statement, manpower made them a formidable enemy, despite the 'contemptible little army' which was all they could put into the field on the outbreak of war.

From about mid-1916 onwards British economic, industrial, and manpower resources began to be fully mobilized. Germany was forced for the first time to confront the reality of material inferiority. Germany had increasingly to fight a war of scarcity, the Allies increasingly a war of abundance. French strategy was dominated by essay the German occupation of much of northern France and most of Belgium. At its closest point the German line was less than 40 miles from Paris. A cautious, defensive strategy was politically unacceptable and psychologically impossible, at least during the first three years of the war. During 1914 and 1915 France sacrificed enormous numbers of men in the attempt to evict the Germans. This was followed by the torment of Verdun, where the Germans deliberately attempted to sports essays for kids 'bleed France white'. French fears of military inferiority were confirmed. If France was to prevail its allies would have to journey by bus contribute in kind. For the British this was a radical departure from the historic norm and introductions one which has appalled them ever since.

British strategy became increasingly subordinated to essay journey by bus the needs of the thesis defense clothing, Franco-British alliance. The British fought the war as they had to, not as they wanted to. The British way in warfare envisaged a largely naval war. A naval blockade would weaken Germany economically. If the German navy chose not to break the stranglehold Germany would lose the war. If it did choose to fight it would be annihilated. British maritime superiority would be confirmed. Essay By Bus. Neutral opinion would be cowed. Fresh allies would be encouraged into the fight.

The blockade would be waged with greater ruthlessness. Military operations would be confined to nhd research paper the dispatch of a small professional expeditionary force to help the French. Remaining military forces would be employed on the periphery of the Central Powers remote from the essay, German army, where it was believed they would exercise a strategic influence out of all proportion to their size. The British never really fought the war they envisaged. The branch of the British army which sent most observers to the American Civil War was the Corps of Royal Engineers.

And it was a Royal Engineers' officer, Lord Kitchener, who was one of the few European political and military leaders to recognize that the war would be long and require the complete mobilization of national resources. Kitchener was appointed Secretary of State for War on 5 August 1914. He doubted whether the French and the Russians were strong enough to defeat Germany without massive British military reinforcement. He immediately sought to raise a mass citizen army. There was an overwhelming popular response to his call to arms. Kitchener envisaged this new British army taking the field in 1917 after the French and Russian armies had rendered the German army ripe for defeat.

They would be 'the last million men'. They would win the war and decide the peace. For the British a satisfactory peace would be one which guaranteed the long-term security of the British Empire. This security was threatened as much by Britain's allies, France and Russia, as it was by Germany. It was imperative not only that the Allies win the thesis, war but also that Britain emerge from essay journey by bus, it as the introductions to literature essays, dominant power.

Kitchener's expectations were disappointed. By 1916 it was the French army which was ripe for journey, defeat, not the German. But the obligations of the French alliance were inescapable. The British could not afford to acquiesce in a French defeat. French animosity and resentment would replace the to literature, valuable mutual understanding which had been achieved in the decade before the war. By Bus. The French had a great capacity for making imperial mischief. Thesis Defense. And so did the Russians. If they were abandoned they would have every reason for doing so. There seemed no choice.

The ill-trained and ill-equipped British armies would have to take the field before they were ready and essay by bus be forced to take a full part in the attrition of German military power. The casualties which this strategy of 'offensive attrition' involved were unprecedented in British history. They were also unacceptable to some British political leaders. Winston Churchill and David Lloyd George (Prime Minister from December 1916), in particular, were opposed to the British army 'chewing barbed wire' on the Western Front. They looked to use it elsewhere, against Germany's allies in the eastern Mediterranean, the Middle East, and the Balkans. Their attempts to do this were inhibited by the need to keep France in to literature the war. This could only be done in France and by fighting the German army. They were also inhibited by the war's operational and essay tactical realities.

These imposed themselves on Gallipoli and in Salonika and in Italy just as they did on the Western Front. Attempts to implement an Allied grand strategy enjoyed some success. Allied political and military leaders met regularly. At Chantilly in December 1915 and December 1916 they determined to stretch the German army to its limits by simultaneous offensive action on the western, eastern, and Italian fronts. A Supreme Allied War Council was established at Versailles on 27 November 1917, and was given the power to control Allied reserves.

Franco-British co-operation was especially close. Essay Prompts. This was largely a matter of practical necessity which relied on essay by bus the mutual respect and understanding between French and British commanders-in-chief on introductions to literature the Western Front. The system worked well until the German Spring Offensive of 1918 threatened to divide the Allies. Only then was it replaced by essay journey a more formal structure. But not even this attained the levels of joint planning and informational control which became a feature of Anglo-American co-operation in the Second World War. Allied grand strategy was conceptually sound. The problems which it encountered were not principally ones of planning or of co-ordination but of performance. Achieving operational effectiveness on the battlefield was what was difficult.

This has given the war, especially the war in the west, its enduring image of boneheaded commanders wantonly sacrificing the lives of their men in essay journey by bus fruitless pursuit of impossibly grandiose strategic designs. The battlefields of the First World War were the product of a century of economic, social, and political change. Europe in 1914 was more populous, more wealthy, and more coherently organized than ever before. The rise of nationalism gave states unprecedented legitimacy and authority. This allowed them to demand greater sacrifices from their civilian populations. Improvements in agriculture reduced the numbers needed to work on the land and provided a surplus of males of military age. Introductions. They also allowed larger and larger armies to be fed and kept in the field for years at a time. Essay Journey. Changes in administrative practice brought about by the electric telegraph, the telephone, the typewriter, and the growth of railways allowed these armies to clothing be assembled and deployed quickly. Industrial technology provided new weapons of unprecedented destructiveness.

Quick-firing rifled cannon, breech-loading magazine rifles, and machine-guns transformed the range, rapidity, accuracy, and deadliness of military firepower. They also ensured that in journey any future war, scientists, engineers, and mechanics would be as important as soldiers. These changes did much to make the First World War the first 'modern war'. But it did not begin as one. The fact of a firepower revolution was understood in most European armies. The consequences of it were not.

The experience of the Russo-Japanese War (1904-5) appeared to offer a human solution to sports for kids the problems of the technological battlefield. Victory would go to the side with the best-trained, most disciplined army, commanded by generals of iron resolution, prepared to maintain the offensive in the face of essay by bus, huge losses. As a result the opening battles of the war were closer in conception and nhd research paper execution to those of the journey by bus, Napoleonic era than to thesis defense clothing the battles of 1916 onwards. It is difficult to say exactly when 'modern' war began, but it was apparent by the end of 1915 that pre-war assumptions were false. Journey. Well-trained, highly disciplined French, German, and Russian soldiers of high morale were repeatedly flung into battle by commanders of iron resolve. Informational Essay Prompts. The results were barren of strategic achievement.

The human costs were immense. The 'human solution' was not enough. The search for a technological solution was inhibited not only by the tenacity of pre-war concepts but also by the limitations of the technology itself. The principal instrument of education was artillery. And the mode of instruction was experience.

Shell-fire was merciless to essay journey by bus troops in the open. The response was to sports for kids get out of the open and into the ground. Soldiers did not dig trenches out of perversity in order to be cold, wet, rat-infested, and lice-ridden. They dug them in order to survive. The major tactical problem of the war became how to break these trench lines once they were established and reinforced. For much of the war artillery lacked the ability to find enemy targets, to hit them accurately, and to destroy them effectively.

Contemporary technology failed to provide a man-portable wireless. Communication for most of the war was dependent on telephone or telegraph wires. These were always broken by shell-fire and difficult to protect. Artillery and infantry commanders were rarely in voice communication and both usually lacked 'real time' intelligence of battlefield events; First World War infantry commanders could not easily call down artillery fire when confronted by an enemy obstruction. Essay. As a result the coordination of infantry and artillery was very difficult and often impossible. Essay Prompts. Infantry commanders were forced to fall back on their own firepower and journey by bus this was often inadequate. The infantry usually found itself with too much to do, and paid a high price for its weakness.

Artillery was not only a major part of the problem, however. It was also a major part of the solution. Thesis. During 1918 Allied artillery on the western front emerged as a formidable weapon. Target acquisition was transformed by aerial photographic reconnaissance and the sophisticated techniques of flash-spotting and sound-ranging. These allowed mathematically predicted fire, or map-shooting. The pre-registration of guns on enemy targets by actual firing was no longer necessary. The possibility of by bus, surprise returned to the battlefield.

Accuracy was greatly improved by maintaining operating histories for individual guns. Thesis Clothing. Battery commanders were supplied with detailed weather forecasts every four hours. Each gun could now be individually calibrated according to its own peculiarities and according to by bus wind speed and direction, temperature, and humidity. All types and calibres of guns, including heavy siege howitzers whose steep angle of fire was especially effective in trench warfare, became available in virtually unlimited numbers. Informational Essay Prompts. Munitions were also improved. Poison gas shells became available for the first time in large numbers. High explosive replaced shrapnel, a devastating anti-personnel weapon but largely ineffective against the earthworks, barbed wire entanglements, and concrete machine-gun emplacements which the by bus, infantry had to assault. Instantaneous percussion fuses concentrated the explosive effect of shells more effectively against barbed wire and reduced the cratering of the battlefield which had often rendered the forward movement of supplies and statement reinforcements difficult if not impossible.

Artillery-infantry co-operation was radically improved by aerial fire control. The tactical uses to which this destructive instrument were put also changed. In 1915, 1916, and for much of 1917 artillery was used principally to kill enemy soldiers. It always did so, sometimes in large numbers. But it always spared some, even in front-line trenches. These were often enough, as during the essay by bus, first day of the Battle of the Somme (1 July 1916), to inflict disastrous casualties on attacking infantry and bring an entire offensive to a halt. From the essays for kids, autumn of 1917 and during 1918, however, artillery was principally used to journey suppress enemy defences. Command posts, telephone exchanges, crossroads, supply dumps, forming-up areas, and gun batteries were targeted.

Effective use was made of poison gas, both lethal and lachrymatory, and smoke. The aim was to disrupt the essay, enemy's command and control system and keep his soldiers' heads down until attacking infantry could close with them and bring their own firepower to bear. The attacking infantry were also transformed. In 1914 the British soldier went to war dressed like a gamekeeper in a soft cap, armed only with rifle and bayonet. In 1918 he went into battle dressed like an industrial worker in a steel helmet, protected by a respirator against poison gas, armed with automatic weapons and mortars, supported by tanks and ground-attack aircraft, and preceded by a creeping artillery barrage of crushing intensity.

Firepower replaced manpower as the instrument of victory. Essay By Bus. This represented a revolution in the conduct of war. The ever-increasing material superiority of the western Allies confronted the nhd research, German army with major problems. Its response was organizational. As early as 1915 even the weakly armed British proved that they could always break into the German front-line trenches. The solution was to journey deepen the trench system and limit the number of defense, infantry in the front line, where they were inviting targets for enemy artillery.

The burden of defence rested on machine-gunners carefully sited half a mile or so behind the front line. From the autumn of 1916 the Germans took these changes to their logical conclusion by instituting a system of 'elastic defence in depth'. The German front line was sited where possible on a reverse slope to make enemy artillery observation difficult. A formal front-line trench system was abandoned. The German first line consisted of machine-gunners located in shell-holes, difficult to detect from the essay journey, air.

Their job was to disrupt an enemy infantry assault. This would then be drawn deep into the German position, beyond the supporting fire of its own guns, where it would be counter-attacked and destroyed by the bulk of the German infantry and artillery. This system allowed the Germans to survive against me analysis an Allied manpower superiority of more than 3:2 on by bus the Western Front throughout 1917 and to inflict significant losses on their enemies. The German system required intelligent and well-trained as well as brave soldiers to make it work. An increasing emphasis was placed on individual initiative, surprise, and speed. In 1918 specially trained #145;stormtroops', supported by black like me analysis a hurricane bombardment designed to disrupt their enemies' lines of communication and their command and control systems, were ordered to bypass points of resistance and advance deep into the enemy's rear. The success they enjoyed was dramatic, and essay much greater than anything achieved by the French and British, but it was not enough.

Attacking German infantry could not maintain the momentum and inflict upon enemy commanders the kind of moral paralysis achieved by German armoured forces in 1940. The Allied line held and exhausted German infantry were eventually forced back by the accumulating weight and increasing sophistication of Allied material technology. The material solution to the problems of the essay prompts, First World War battlefield, favoured by the western Allies, was not in the gift of soldiers alone. It depended on the ability of the armes' host societies to produce improved military technology in ever-greater amounts. Essay Journey By Bus. This, in turn, depended on the effectiveness of their political institutions and the quality of their civilian morale. It was a contest at which the liberal democracies of sports essays for kids, France and Great Britain (and eventually the essay, United States of America) proved more adept than the like me analysis, authoritarian regimes of Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia. The 'modern war' fought from 1916 onwards resolved itself simply into a demand for more: more men, more weapons, more ammunition, more money, more skills, more morale, more food. Some of the demands were contradictory. More men meant more men for essay, the armies and more men for the factories.

Balancing the competing demands was never easy. 'Manpower' (a word first coined in 1915) became central to the war effort of all states. Thesis Clothing. The Allies were in a much stronger position than Germany. They had access not only to their home populations but also to by bus those of their empires. 630,000 Canadians, 412,000 Australians, 136,000 South Africans, and 130,000 New Zealanders served in the British army during the informational, war. Very large numbers of Indian troops (800,000 in Mesopotamia alone) and a small number of Africans (perhaps 50,000) also served. Essay By Bus. (The British also employed several hundred thousand Chinese labourers to for kids work on their lines of communication.) The French recruited some 600,000 combat troops from North and West Africa and journey by bus a further 200,000 labourers. And of course there were the Americans. American troops arrived in France at the rate of 150,000 a month in 1918. Truly the new world had come in to thesis statement redress the balance of the old. The British and French were particularly successful in mobilizing their economies.

In Britain this had much to do with the journey by bus, work of David Lloyd George as Minister of Munitions (May 1915-July 1916). The grip of the skilled trade unions on industrial processes was relaxed. Ancient lines of demarcation were blurred. Informational. Women replaced men in the factories. Essay. Research and development were given a proper place in industrial strategy. Prodigies of informational essay, production were achieved. On 10 March 1915, at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle, the essay journey by bus, British Expeditionary Force struggled to accumulate enough shells for half an defense hour's bombardment. In the autumn of 1918 its 18-pounder field guns were firing a minimum of 100,000 rounds a day. The French performance was, in many ways, even more impressive, given that so much of their industrial capacity was in German hands.

Not only did the French economy supply the French army with increasing amounts of old and new weaponry, but it also supplied most of the American Expeditionary Force's artillery and aeroplanes. The French aircraft industry was, arguably, the essay, best in Europe and provided some of the leading aircraft of the war, including the Nieuport and informational the SPAD VII. Morale was also a key factor. All sides tried to essay explain and justify the war and used increasingly refined techniques of propaganda to maintain commitment to the cause. Giving the impression of adversity shared equally among the classes became a key theme. One of the major threats to this was the equality of access to nhd research food supplies. In Germany this proved increasingly difficult to maintain. Morale deteriorated and industrial efficiency suffered as a result. Essay Journey By Bus. British agriculture did not perform particularly well during the war, but British maritime superiority and financial power allowed them to command the agricultural resources of North and South America and Australasia. Food was one of the Allies#146; principal war-winning weapons. The degree of to literature essays, active resistance to the war was low in journey most countries.

But war-weariness set in everywhere by 1917. There were many strikes and much industrial unrest. Informational Prompts. In Russia this was severe enough to produce a revolution and then a Bolshevik coup d#146;tat which took Russia out of the war in essay 1918. The social consequences of this mass mobilization were less spectacular than is sometimes claimed. There were advances for the organized working class, especially its trade unions, especially in Britain, and arguably for nhd research paper, women, but the working class of Europe paid a high price on the battlefield for social advances at home.

And in the defeated states there was very little social advance anyway. The First World War redrew the map of Europe and the Middle East. Four great empires, the Romanov, the Hohenzollern, the Habsburg, and the Ottoman, were defeated and essay by bus collapsed. They were replaced by a number of weak and sometimes avaricious successor states. Russia underwent a bloody civil war before the establishment of thesis defense, a Communist Soviet Union which put it beyond the essay, pale of European diplomacy for a generation. Germany became a republic branded at its birth with the stigma of defeat, increasingly weakened by the burden of Allied reparations and by inflation.

France recovered the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, but continued to be haunted by fear and loathing of thesis defense, Germany. Italy was disappointed by the territorial rewards of its military sacrifice. This provided fertile soil for essay journey by bus, Mussolini's Fascists, who had overthrown parliamentary democracy by 1924. Paper. The British maintained the integrity and independence of Belgium. They also acquired huge increases in imperial territory and imperial obligation. But they did not achieve the security for the Empire which they sought. The white dominions were unimpressed by the quality of British military leadership. The First World War saw them mature as independent nations seeking increasingly to essay journey by bus go their own way.

The stirrings of revolt in argument India were apparent as soon as the war ended. In 1922 the British were forced, under American pressure, to by bus abandon the introductions to literature essays, Anglo-Japanese alliance, so useful to them in essay journey protecting their Far Eastern empire. They were also forced to nhd research paper accept naval parity with the Americans and a bare superiority over the Japanese. 'This is not a peace,' Marshal Foch declared in 1919, 'but an armistice for twenty-five years.' The cost of all this in human terms was 8.5 million dead and 21 million wounded out of some 65 million men mobilized. The losses among particular groups, especially young, educated middle-class males, were often severe, but the demographic shape of essay, Europe was not fundamentally changed. Me Analysis Essay. The real impact was moral. The losses struck a blow at European self-confidence and pretension to journey superior civilization.

It was a blow, perhaps, whose consequences have not even now fully unfolded. From The Oxford Illustrated History of Modern War . Sports For Kids. Ed. Charles Townshend. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997. Journey. Copyright � 1997 by black like me analysis Oxford University Press.

counterpoint essay A counter-argument is an argument opposed to your thesis, or part of your thesis. It expresses the view of a person who disagrees with your position. Why would you include a counter-argument in journey by bus, your essay? Doesn#146;t that weaken your argument? Actually, no. Done well, it makes the argument stronger.

This is because it gives you the chance to respond to your reader#146;s objections before they have finished reading. It also shows that you are a reasonable person who has considered both sides of the debate. Both of statement argument, these make an essay more persuasive. How should a counter-argument be presented? A counter-argument should be expressed thoroughly, fairly and objectively. Do not just write a quick sentence and then immediately rebut it. Give reasons why someone might actually hold that view. A few sentences or even a whole paragraph is not an unreasonable amount of essay, space to give to thesis argument, the counter-argument. Again, the point is to essay, show your reader that you have considered all sides of the informational, question, and to make it easier to essay by bus, answer the counter-argument.

It#146;s easier to respond to a point you have already spelled out#151;and it#146;s easier for your reader to thesis defense, follow you. Make sure you express the essay journey, counter-argument fairly and objectively. Ask yourself if the person who actually holds this position would accept your way of stating it. Put yourself in their shoes and give them the thesis clothing, benefit of the doubt. Don#146;t use biased language or stack the deck when presenting their position. Readers see through that sort of thing pretty quickly. Obviously, if you really believe the position expressed in by bus, your thesis, you will not be able to be completely objective in how you express the counter-argument#151;but you should try. One of the thesis clothing, most common purposes of counter-argument is to address positions that many people hold but that you think are mistaken. Therefore you want to essay, be respectful and give them the benefit of the thesis argument, doubt even if you think their views are incorrect. They#146;ll be much more likely to be persuaded then. Journey By Bus. (The other approach, to use sarcasm and satire to expose mistaken ideas, is very powerful, but should be used with care, especially before you#146;ve mastered the informational essay prompts, art of rhetoric.)

How can a counter-argument be rebutted? One of the essay, most effective ways to rebut a counter-argument is to show that it is informational essay prompts, based on faulty assumptions. Either the by bus, facts are wrong, the analysis is incorrect, or the values it is based on nhd research, are not acceptable. Examples of each are given below. Essay. Furthermore, some counter-arguments are simply irrelevant, usually because they are actually responding to a different argument. And some counter-arguments actually make your argument stronger, once you analyze their logic. All of these examples use a claim from James Loewen#146;s book, Lies My Teacher Told Me. In that book Loewen makes the claim that #147;To function adequately in paper, civic life #133; students must learn what causes racism#148; (143). By Bus. The examples below are ideas that you might use as a counter-argument to this claim, in a paper agreeing with Loewen. Then you would rebut, or answer, the counter-argument as a way to prompts, strengthen your own position. Racism is a thing of the past; therefore, students don#146;t need to bother with it.

The factual assumption in this example is that racism is by bus, a thing of the past. One response would be to thesis defense, muster facts to show that racism continues to essay journey by bus, be a problem. (There#146;s a second assumption, which is that students don#146;t need to bother with what#146;s in sports essays, the past. By Bus. Another response would be to show that students must understand the past as well as the black me analysis essay, present #147;to function adequately in essay by bus, civic life.#148;) Learning about me analysis racism might make students more racist. The analytical assumption is that learning about journey racism can make you racist.

The response would be that understanding the statement, causes of journey, a problem is not the essay, same as causing or creating the problem. (Another assumption in this argument is that it#146;s not good to make students racist. Loewen#146;s argument shares this assumption, so you wouldn#146;t rebut it.) Who cares if students are racist? This counter-argument is based on an assumed value that your readers probably do not share#151;namely, the idea that it#146;s ok for by bus students to be racist. The response would be to point out this value, state why you don#146;t share it and state why you don#146;t think your readers do either. Of course, values are both deeply personal and extremely varied, so you#146;re always going to have some readers who do not share yours. The key is to base your arguments on values that most readers are likely to share. Students are already familiar with racism; they don#146;t need to study it in school. Many students are, in fact, already familiar with racism.

But Loewen is not saying they need to learn about like me analysis racism, he#146;s saying they need to learn what causes it. You might be very familiar with racism but still not know what causes it. This is a very common form of counter-argument, one that actually rebuts a different argument. (Note that here, too, there#146;s a faulty assumption: being familiar with something is not the same as knowing what causes it.) Previous generations didn#146;t study the essay by bus, causes of racism, so why should we start now? The response here would be to show that previous generations did not #147;function adequately in civic life,#148; because they had a lot of problems with racism (segregation and more hidden forms of discrimination). Therefore, the fact that they didn#146;t learn about the causes of racism, together with this other information, actually supports the claim that students do need to learn what causes racism. Nhd Research Paper. (Here again there#146;s a faulty assumption, implied but not stated: Previous generations supposedly did function adequately in civic life. Journey. The response shows that that assumption is essay, incorrect.) When should a counter-argument be conceded? Sometimes you come up with a counter-argument that you think is true and that you think responds to your actual argument, not some other point. Then you are faced with a choice: Do you abandon your thesis and adopt the journey, counter-argument as your position?

Often it turns out you don#146;t need to abandon your thesis, but you might need to modify or refine it. Let#146;s take a modified version of the second example given above (learning about racism might make students more racist). The new version might look like this: Students get turned off by what they are forced to black me analysis, learn, especially when it#146;s about forcing them to be #147;good.#148; Then they turn against essay journey what they#146;ve been taught and deliberately go in black essay, the other direction. So, studying racism might just make them want to essay journey by bus, be racist out of sheer contrariness.

This might help explain the backlash against #147;political correctness.#148; One way to respond to a counter-argument like this is to statement, acknowledge that, if it#146;s done incorrectly, education about racism might just end up turning kids off and journey, making them hostile. Then, you refine your original thesis to informational prompts, say something like this: Students should learn what causes racism, but should not be constantly lectured that #147;racism is bad.#148; Instead, they should be taught the causes and history in a way that they find interesting and that lets them decide their own values. By refining your thesis in this way you are able to retain your original point, while strengthening it by incorporating part of the essay, opposition#146;s views. This also takes away some of the for kids, reasons a reader might have to essay journey, disagree with you. What makes a good counter-argument? Some counter-arguments are better than others. You want to use ones that are actually somewhat persuasive. There#146;s nothing to be gained by rebutting a counter-argument that nobody believes.

Two things to look for are reasonableness and popularity. If you yourself are somewhat unsure of the position you#146;ve chosen as your thesis, it will be easier for you to identify good counter-arguments. You already recognize that there are reasonable arguments on the other side#151;that#146;s why you#146;re a little unsure. Look for those arguments that make sense to you or that seem reasonable, even if you don#146;t agree with them. On the other hand, you may be quite sure of nhd research paper, your position, which makes it harder to see other views as reasonable. They all look flawed to you because you can point out their errors and show why your view is better. Journey By Bus. In that case, look for ones that are popular, even if they are flawed. Remember, you#146;re trying to nhd research paper, persuade your readers to essay by bus, agree with you.

So you want to speak their language. That means answering their objections even if you don#146;t think the objections are reasonable. If you look at thesis clothing, the examples above, you#146;ll probably find some more convincing than others. Essay By Bus. Most people will probably not find the essays, #147;Who cares if students are racist#148; argument very convincing. On the other hand, you might find the #147;students already understand#148; argument pretty persuasive. Pick the arguments that you, or a lot of other people, feel are reasonable. The more you can answer those objections, the stronger you#146;ll make your case. Where does the counter-argument go? The short answer is a counter-argument can go anywhere except the conclusion. This is because there has to be a rebuttal paragraph after the by bus, counter-argument, so if the counter-argument is in the conclusion, something has been left out. In practice (there are exceptions), the rebuttal is usually not the concluding paragraph, which means that generally the counter-argument is anywhere but the informational essay prompts, last two paragraphs.

Counter-arguments can be very effective in introductions, especially if you are arguing against a popularly held view. However, it#146;s also very common to place them after the presentation of the case for the thesis. By Bus. In other words, they would go after all of the main points that support the thesis, but before the thesis statement argument, conclusion#151;in the third-to-last paragraph, with the rebuttal in the second-to-last. This is journey by bus, probably the most common position. Generally, unless there is some compelling reason specific to the particular argument being made, it does not make sense to essay prompts, put the counter-argument in the middle of the journey by bus, case for for kids the thesis.

In other words, you would not typically present two points in support of the thesis, then the journey by bus, counter-argument and rebuttal, and then more points in support of the thesis. Here are two outlines showing the essays, most common placement of the counter-argument. The first is probably the most common. Introduction Supporting point #1 Supporting point #2 Supporting point #3 Supporting point #4 [there can be any number of supporting points] Counter-argument Rebuttal Conclusion Counter-argument, which also serves as introduction Rebuttal, which would usually include the thesis statement Supporting point #1 Supporting point #2 Supporting point #3 Supporting point #4 [there can be any number of supporting points] Conclusion. How should the counter-argument be introduced? It#146;s important to use clear signals to alert the reader that the paper is essay, about to express a view different from (typically, the opposite thesis defense, of) the thesis.

Since the purpose of the whole paper, including the counter-argument, is to support the thesis, these signals are crucial. Essay. Without them the paper appears incoherent and prompts, contradictory. Generally, the counter-argument will begin with a word, phrase or sentence to indicate that what follows is not the author#146;s view. These can range from the very simple#151;sometimes the single word #147;But#148; or #147;However#148; is essay journey, sufficient#151;to quite complex whole sentences: In his majisterial work on representation in western literature, a foundational text in the discipline, Auerbach argues that the mixture of styles is an essential ingredient of all modern realism, a view that has found wide acceptance in the half-century since its publication. Notice, however, that even this sentence is careful to attribute these views to other people, and to call them #147;views#148;#151;in other words, to subtly hint that they are not facts or truths. In general, the strategy is to make it clear quickly that this is nhd research paper, someone else?s view. Typical introductory strategies include the following: Many people [believe/argue/feel/think/suppose/etc.] that [state the counter-argument here] It is often [thought/imagined/supposed/etc.] that [state the counter-argument here] [It would be easy to/One could easily] [think/believe/imagine/suppose/etc.] that [state the journey by bus, counter-argument here] It might [seem/appear/look/etc.] as if [state the counter-argument here] Another common approach is to use a question: But isn#146;t it true that [state the argument, counter-argument here]? [Doesn#146;t/Wouldn#146;t/Isn#146;t] [state the counter-argument here]?

You can also cite specific writers or thinkers who have expressed a view opposite to your own: On the other hand, Fund argues that. However, Ngugi has written, . Dangarembga takes the position that. How should the rebuttal be introduced? If the counter-argument requires careful signaling, so does the rebuttal. The essay has just done a 180� turn away from its thesis, and essay journey, now it is about to do another 180� turn to complete the circle. The reader needs warnings and guidance or they will fall off or get whiplash#151;you#146;ll lose them, in other words, because the essay will seem incoherent or contradictory. The common strategies for introducing the rebuttal are the mirror image of those for introducing the counter-argument, and statement argument, they all boil down to the same basic concept: #147;Yes, but. #148; They can be as simple as that, or as complex as this example sentence:

While Auerbach#146;s claim seems initially plausible, and is backed by the copious evidence provided by his astonishing erudition, it is journey, marred by an inconsistency that derives from an unsupportable and ultimately incoherent definition. In all cases, the job of this transitional language is to show the essay, reader that the opposing view is now being answered. By Bus. The essay has returned to for kids, arguing its own thesis, strengthened by essay journey by bus having taken the opposition into account. Here are some typical strategies. These are generic examples; they work best when tailored to suit the thesis, specifics of the individual topic.

What this argument [overlooks/fails to consider/does not take into account] is journey, . Sports Essays For Kids. This view [seems/looks/sounds/etc.] [convincing/plausible/persuasive/etc.] at first, but . Journey By Bus. While this position is popular, it is [not supported by the facts/not logical/impractical/etc.] Although the introductions to literature essays, core of this claim is essay by bus, valid, it suffers from a flaw in its [reasoning/application/etc.] For more on this topic, see the #147;Counterargument#146; section of the me analysis, #147;Argument#148; web page at the University of by bus, North Carolina Writing Center. Loewen, James. Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. New York: Touchstone, 1996.