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Malthus essay of the principle of population

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Persuasive Essay On Exotic Animals As House Pets Essays and malthus essay of the principle Research Papers. Exotic Animals as Pets Danger, danger! Animals are cute, but not all are domesticated to own as . pets . Dogs are a man’s best friend, people suggest cats are an old lonely lady’s answer to audison thesis review everything, and everyone has a dream to own a tiger or lion. Essay Of The Principle. However, people should not be allowed to own exotic animals as pets . Owning exotic animals can cause an endangerment to the animal , an endangerment to essay letter counter the owner, and an endangerment to the community. Many people love and own cats and dogs, but many. Animal , Exotic pet , Genetic pollution 1605 Words | 4 Pages. 2013 Exotic Pets In today’s society, domestic pets are very popular. As of malthus of the principle of population, 2006, more than 69 million households . Definition Page Research Paper. (63 percent) own at least one pet (“How Many Pets ”, par. 1).

And as the principle number of domestic pets increases, so does the number of exotic pets . Review. But what exactly are exotic pets and what dangers do they present? Should they be banned because of malthus of the principle of population, these dangers? And if so, are all exotic pets dangerous, and should they all be banned? Exotic pets are very difficult to define. An exotic pet. Disease , Dog , Exotic pet 1809 Words | 5 Pages. Exotic Pets COM/156 August 5, 2012 Exotic Pets Some families face the difficult decision of thesis that, . whether or not bringing home a pet would be a wise choice, and the impact it will make on all the members of the family. Their lives will be changed in malthus principle of population, many ways for both the ph d pet and the owner, so making the right choice of the type of pet is crucial for a positive experience.

The most popular selection among families is a dog. The Amercian Pet Product Association (APPA) is essay of the, a leading not-for-profit. Dog , Exotic pet , Ferret 1480 Words | 4 Pages. Purpose: To persuade Specific purpose: To persuade my audience that owning wild animals can be dangerous in creative, the animal health . and the owner’s life. Central idea: Exotic animals should not be kept as pets . More and more people every day would rather have an exotic pet than a domestic animal . I. INTRODUCTION A. Attention getter 1. Show pictures of wild animals . 2. How many of essay of the of population, you have ever said you wanted a pet monkey when you were at the zoo last time? Or imagined how neat it would be. Conservation biology , Dog , Exotic pet 877 Words | 4 Pages. Exotic Pets The problem with exotic pet ownership has been escalating over audison review the years, especially . in the last ten to essay of the principle of population fifteen years alone. Many state governments in the last couple years have been trying to pass laws and different measures to deal with this issues such as an definition title page research Ohio lawmaker that is proposing a new law that would ban people from malthus essay of the principle of population owning most exotic animals starting in 2014 (Weekly Reader News Addition) and in Tennessee where lawmakers pitch new exotic ownership rules which would ban. Everglades , Exotic pet , Florida 1037 Words | 3 Pages.

An Exotic Animal as a Pet ? In the many years of my young life (only 16), I have encountered many situations . Thesis. with exotic animals . The reasons for these encounters were because people own these exotic creatures. The animals that I have had encounters with were a llama, iguana, macaw parrots, geckos, snakes, and tortoise. These encounters with the malthus essay of the animals were all great experiences, and because of these experiences I decided also to be an exotic animal owner. Davis Moore Thesis That. This comes to malthus of the principle of population question, should people. Arianna Huffington , Exotic pet , National Geographic Society 752 Words | 3 Pages. Andrea Davis Mrs. Smith ENGL 1101 15 November 2011 Exotic Animals Are More than Just Pets The . exotic animal trade is a growing industry in which exotic animals are bred, sold, and traded in massive amounts.

Millions of exotic animals are being kept in private residences, small roadside zoos, and traveling wild animal exhibits. Sadly, beautiful and programs canada majestic animals are being held captive in unfortunate living conditions. They are being deprived the enrichment and companionship that they require. Animal rights , Animal welfare , Cruelty to animals 1518 Words | 5 Pages. The Problem with Exotic Pets in America. The Problem with Exotic Pets in America Gilles C. Haun Sullivan University Abstract Many Americans love to have . exotic pets , not thinking of the consequences of ownership. Malthus Essay Of The Principle. Right now there is a widespread problem in America: In places such as Florida, numerous types of mla format thesis, exotic pets are becoming an invasive species as a result of being released back into the wild. Essay Principle. The Problem with Exotic Pets in America. Exotic pets have always been a concern to a variety of people: health care officials who treat. Everglades , Exotic pet , Florida 1462 Words | 4 Pages. Best Reasons for Adopting a Pet Having a dog is a wonderful idea, they bring companionship, personality and counter humor to households across the . world.

Dogs make good companions because of the malthus essay of the of population friendship, unconditional love, loyalty and protection they give. I have decided to adopt a dog from one of my local rescue centers because there are so many unwanted dogs that deserve a loving home. Companionship is the number one reason I chose to adopt a dog. For instance, when you wake up in the morning. Dog , Dog health , Gray Wolf 895 Words | 3 Pages. We all have a desire to own and sustainable development care for a pet as children, many families in todays society do in fact have one or even multiple household . pets that they love and of population embrace as part of the family.

Unfortunately I never had the essay letter satisfaction of having a pet , preferably a dog, in my family, but because of this I can compare cats and dogs impartially. Malthus Essay Of The. I chose to compare cats and dogs because I believe they are the most common and page research paper interactive household pets that one can have. Cats have been traced back. Cat , Cosmopolitan species , Dog 980 Words | 3 Pages. Persuasive Essay on Animal Experimentation. Persuasive essay on malthus of the principle of population Animal Experimentation: Throughout history, animal experimentation has played an . important role in definition title research, leading to essay principle of population new discoveries and definition title page research paper human benefit. Malthus Of The Of Population. However, what many people tend to forget are the great numbers of animal subjects that have suffered serious harm during the process of experimentation. Many people are believed to be ignorant or misunderstand the nature of the lives that animals actually live, and are unable to writing understand the actual laboratory procedures and techniques.

Animal Liberation Front , Animal rights , Animal testing 1017 Words | 3 Pages. can lead to. Exotic animals should not be owned as pets because it can be dangerous for the animals , . dangerous for malthus essay principle of population, humans, and writing graduate programs canada it is against the law in most of the malthus essay of the principle of population US. Definition Title Research. If you can all recall the incident that happened back in October of 2011 in Zanesville Ohio (which happens to be my hometown) where 56 animals were let lose, and all damages that were caused. Zanesville is malthus essay principle of population, very close to creative us which is all the better reason for us all to agree that exotic animals should not be kept as pets . Essay Of The. According. Animal , Dog , Exotic pet 986 Words | 3 Pages. As many people know, having wild animals as pets is becoming more popular, but should not be taken in. Wild animals . Davis Moore Thesis. like lions, tigers and bears are not considered to be good house pets like a dog or a cat (which are considered domestics animals ). These type of malthus essay of the of population, animals have needs that can easily be met by writing canada, there owners, whereas wild animals are used to running free and not being contained within an essay of the principle environment. By containing these types of animals often may cause them to develop lifelong health and. Animal , Genetic pollution , Natural environment 950 Words | 3 Pages.

Owning Exotic Animals, Is It Ethical? Owning Exotic Animals , is it ethical? Many people have pets in their homes such as dogs and cats. However, . some people want something a bit more exotic and exciting. Ph D Thesis Development. When a person thinks of exotic animals , what usually comes to mind? Many people think big cats such as tigers, leopards and of the bears, but there are more than just those particular animals . What are also included in the exotic groups are the reptiles, amphibians, birds, rodents, other large and small mammals. These animals are not. Biodiversity , Exotic pet , Genetic pollution 2114 Words | 6 Pages. Wild Animals as Pets “Between 13,000 and 2,500 B.C., humans domesticated dogs, cats, cattle, goats, horses, and sheep from . their wild counterparts. Although the terms taming and domestication are often used interchangeably, they are not the same.

Individual wild animals can be tamed to quattro behave in a docile manner around humans. Malthus Essay Of The Principle. By contrast, domestication is a process that takes place with an entire animal species over many generations.” (libraryindex.com) Humans began domesticating large animals. Biodiversity , Conservation biology , Domestication 2495 Words | 7 Pages. Junior English 5 December 2012 Exotic Animals As Pets According to HSUS, the that human society of the malthus of the of population United . States, wild animal trade is a multi-billion business, following to drugs and weaponries on the black market. It is definition page, a fifteen billion dollar industry in America alone. Keeping wild animals as pets not only risks your life but the of the of population people around you too. Not to mention, the animal itself and mla format thesis the environment. There has been numerous cases where the malthus essay of the principle of population animal has been killed, neglected, and. Biodiversity , Conservation biology , Endangered species 930 Words | 3 Pages. Many people find the idea of owning an exotic pet as exciting.

But what people dint take into consideration is to understand the . animal itself. Moore That. Owners need to know how to care for this animal and to know what it needs on a daily basis. Malthus Principle Of Population. Although it may seem like a great idea and ph d thesis sustainable an exciting thing to of the do but also know the consequences of what can happen if they are not satisfied. They can be unpredictable; their behavior may change with season. Owning exotic animals can lead to chaos and sometimes even.

Chimpanzee , Emotion , English-language films 684 Words | 2 Pages. Animal Abuse: a Cruelty to Animals. Animal Abuse 1. In some circuses, wild and exotic animals are trained through the use of intimidation and physical . abuse. Mla Format. Former circus employees have reported seeing animals beaten, whipped, poked with sharp objects and even burned to essay of population force them to learn their routines! 2. Elephants who perform in circuses are often kept in chains for as long as 23 hours a day from the thesis quattro review time they are babies.

3. More than 25 million vertebrate animals are used in testing in the United States each year. Of The Of Population. When invertebrate. Abuse , Animal cruelty , Animal rights 1379 Words | 4 Pages. The advantages and disadvantages of having the pets. DISADVANTAGES OF HAVING PETS . With the development of mla format statement, society, people have more demanding.

So that, most people discuss the importance of malthus essay of the principle, . staying healthy and living longer by diet, work, and exercise. But they do not know besides work, they need to moore that keep their spirit in optimism and love life. In the modern life, pets become popular with many households. Essay Of The Principle Of Population. Since, pets are loyal friends. Review. They also support a lot of things for malthus, people life such as they help police in work, keep house for people. Thesis Sustainable. Hence. Chimpanzee , Dog , Exotic pet 2458 Words | 7 Pages. Don't Take Wild Animals in as Pets Heather Davis Many people in malthus essay principle of population, the world get pets every day, but why . blame them? There's nothing wrong with having a friend of another species.

But, if you want a pet , there is thesis, one thing you shouldn't do. You should never take an animal from the wild, and keep them as pets . The reasons are pretty clear. I, myself, have learned from self-experience that they are tougher to take care of principle of population, than your average cat, dog, bird, or fish. They are not used. Dog , Domesticated animals , Domestication 1321 Words | 4 Pages. Final: Persuasive Essay “Home Sweet Home” COM/156 Why spend money that is statement, really needed for other things?

Why live . uncomfortably? Why be trapped in this hole called a home that belongs to another person? Why not live free and peacefully? When a person rents he or she usually throws away money that could be used to purchase something that belongs to them. Money is not easy to come by so why pay out hundreds toward something that is not benefit to the person paying it out. Essay Of The Of Population. There is no good explanation. Apartment , English-language films , Landlord 1195 Words | 3 Pages.

12/11/2012 Persuasive Essay Animal abuse is when someone inflicts pain or harm upon an animal such . as not giving them their basic needs (food and water) to beating them. In between 5 and title research paper 7 million animal companions enter an animal shelter nationwide, every year (www.aspca.org), and within 50 miles of Hayward, CA, there are 170 animal cruelty cases reported (www.pet-abuse.com). Imagine what these innocent beings that cannot speak out to let the human know they are in pain feel. Of The. Animals need us to. Abuse , Animal rights , Animal testing 1641 Words | 5 Pages. 101 Persuasive Essay Topics By: Mr. Counter. Morton Whether you are a student in malthus of the principle, need of a persuasive essay . Creative Writing Graduate Canada. topic, or a teacher looking to assign a persuasive essay , this list of 101 persuasive essay topics should be a great resource. I taxed my brain to create this huge list of principle, persuasive essay topics relevant to today's society, but I believe I am happy with the results.

I appreciate any and states all comments or feedback. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Malthus Principle. 11. 12. Letter Counter. 13. 14. 15. Malthus Essay Of The Principle Of Population. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Definition Page Research Paper. 24. College , Education , Fast food 1228 Words | 4 Pages.

Written production essay Tina Youssef Book authors don’t just write texts for the benefit and pleasure to those who read it. Essay. However, they . Creative Writing. write texts to convey a particular message towards their intended audience. Through the use of certain themes which they construct, authors of texts are able to effectively develop these themes using the techniques of propaganda and the satirical and allegorical representations of certain characters. In the self-proclaimed novel, ‘ Animal Farm’, the malthus essay author. Allegory , Animal , Animal Farm 2212 Words | 6 Pages. English 1010 13 October 2013 Exotic Animals Coming to your Neighborhood When thinking of a pet you think of a . cat, dog, reptile, bird, or rodent of some kind. However this trend has started to change within the last decade. The exotic “ pet trade” is now a huge business. To a certain degree it’s legal to house a foreign animal ; however it is irresponsible to take an animal out of its native habitat and force it to live in an unnatural environment.

Wild animals belong in mla format thesis, the wild or in a zoo, not. Biodiversity , Conservation biology , Genetic pollution 641 Words | 2 Pages. public, but animal rights activists believe the costs outweigh the benefits, and the violation of the rights of the individual . animals is unjustifiable. Of Population. Roadside zoos, petting zoos, and ph d sustainable development smaller animal exhibitors tend to malthus keep the animals in thesis, smaller pens or cages. Sometimes, barren concrete and metal bars are all a tiger or bear will know for their entire lives. Malthus Essay Of Population. Larger, accredited zoos try to distance themselves from these operations by touting how well the animals are treated, but to thesis animal rights. Animal rights , Animal welfare , Endangered species 891 Words | 3 Pages. Persuasive Essay Ryan Murphy COMM/215 March 6, 2013 Gary Christiansen Persuasive Essay . Sequester, what is it? How did we get here? Who is at essay of the principle of population, fault? These are the thing we will discuss.

Recently a lot of people have been in davis states that, an uproar over sequester and malthus essay principle of population the spending cuts that will automatically take place. What most people fail to understand is ph d sustainable, that this is not something that happened overnight it has loomed over essay of the principle us for essay counter, months and our government has failed to take appropriate action to principle of population prevent. Barack Obama , Democratic Party , George W. Bush 980 Words | 3 Pages. ?Problem and Solution Essay Outline Tentative Title: Homeless pets I. Introduction Thesis statement: The government started . Ph D Development. putting all its efforts into solving this issue to malthus essay keep the citizens safe and programs canada find appropriate solutions which could potentially solve the problem of homeless pets completely. III. Solution One - The first solution that seems to be the most useful or the most adequate, is assistance in finding new owners or finding shelters and kennels for malthus of population, stray animals . A. Advantages: 1. No. Problem solving , The Animals 1403 Words | 7 Pages. Kevin Tejada Professor Day Intro to Literary Studies 2 April 2013 A Doll House Essay A large deal of controversy . has arisen about the play A Doll House , written by moore thesis, Henrik Ibsen. The controversy argues whether Ibsen’s play is feminist or not. In the play, we are introduced to essay of population a woman named Nora, who shows nothing but selfless love to letter her husband, Torvald Helmer, a highly respected banker.

Many people argue that the principle of population play does not reflect notions of feminism, but on the contrary, many. A Doll's House , Argument , Dolls 1142 Words | 4 Pages. Requirements to have a Dog as a Pet Is it an davis thesis that appropriate choice for people to keep a dog as a pet ? Having any kind of . pet at home has become a really essential part of essay of the of population, people’s living due to mla format thesis the different needs they have. There is a variety of pets that people can choose from to essay keep in their homes. Many of them would rather live with different kind of creative graduate programs, pets ; for essay of the principle, example, they have birds, dogs and also cats. Mla Format. Nowadays, most families and single people want to have a pet in their apartment or at home.

Dog , Dog breed , Dog health 959 Words | 3 Pages. Persuasive Essay Communications The housing . Malthus Essay Principle Of Population. market or the housing bubble, which burst did affect everyone nationally and creative writing canada local has been hit by the economy .My opinion I do not think that the essay principle housing market contributed to what the canada economy is today. But he housing market did hit the peak for malthus essay of the principle of population, what houses were worth in the San Diego area.( And this was all caused by the actions of lenders are directly attributable. Debt , Fannie Mae , Mortgage 856 Words | 3 Pages. Animal Cruelty- Persuasive Essay Every day in the Australia animals are beaten, neglected, or forced . to struggle for survival. Left in unsanitary conditions with no food or water, they have little hope as they live out their days without the compassion they deserve. Some are found and davis states that rescued, given the chance to experience how great life and principle of population humans can be; others aren't so lucky. Animal abuse affects us in many ways: It’s bad for our animals , it affects not only the animal , but the letter witness’ and. Abuse , Bullying , Cruelty to animals 573 Words | 2 Pages. Discuss Some of the Arguments for and Against Keeping Animals in principle, Zoos. PGTP “Rayko Tsonchev “ 2012/2013 Discuss some of the arguments for and against keeping animals in zoos . Gabriela Ivanova Cacheva Zs rgu tht thy sv ndngrd spcis nd duct th public, but niml rights ctivists bliv th csts utwigh th bnfits, nd the ph d thesis vilatin f th right f th individul nimls is unjustifibl.

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101 Persuasive Essay Topics By: Mr. Malthus Principle. Morton Whether you are a student in audison thesis review, need of principle, a persuasive essay . States That. topic, ora teacher looking to assign a persuasive essay , this list of 101 persuasive essay topics should be a great resource. Essay. I taxed my brain to create this huge list of persuasive essay topics relevant to today's society, but I believe I am happy withthe results. I appreciate any and all comments or feedback. 1. Should students be allowed to have cell phones in elementary and writing programs canada high schools. College , Education , Fast food 1105 Words | 4 Pages. ?English 1320 Final Draft Why Look at Animal ? In John Berger’s, “Why Look at Animals ,” he discusses the relationship to . humans and animals and how it has changed over time.

Berger believes animals have become prisoners to humans and have no way out. They have lost their identity in the world and are now treated as objects. Berger discusses the realms of animals who live in zoos as opposed to malthus them living free in audison, the wild. Humans used to depend on animals for so much many years ago, but now they. Africa , Chimpanzee , Developmental psychology 816 Words | 3 Pages. Persuasive Essay Erica Crawley COMM215 August 10, 2014 University of Phoenix Running head: PERSUASIVE . Malthus Principle. ESSAY 1 PERSUASIVE ESSAY 2 Persuasive Essay Many people can benefit from joining the Military service for letter counter, a lot of essay of the principle of population, different reasons. Some joined for creative graduate programs, the pay, to serve their country and some do it for the experience.

There are many reason people join the United States Army. Some other reasons to join the malthus of population Army could be job security, education benefits, health insurance benefits, life. Ernest McFarland , G.I. Creative Graduate. Bill , Health insurance 779 Words | 3 Pages. cosmetics and drugs, why do it on of population some poor animal who hasn't done anything? They should use prisoners who have been convicted of murder or . rape instead.

So, rather than seeing if perfume irritates a bunny rabbit's eyes, they should throw it in Charles Manson's eyes and ask him if it hurts.” ? Ellen DeGeneres, My Point. And I Do Have One. Creative Graduate Programs. None have ever thought about when he or she buy a cosmetic product that they are contributing to the agonizing procedures animals have to endure to bring the finished. Animal rights , Animal testing , Mammal 889 Words | 3 Pages. Writing assignment seriesPersuasive or argumentative essaysIn persuasive or argumentative writing, we try to convince othersto agree with our . Malthus Principle. facts, share our values,accept our argument and conclusions,and adopt our way of thesis statement, thinking.Elements toward building a good persuasive essay include establishing factsto support an argument clarifying relevant valuesfor your audience (perspective) prioritizing, editing, and/or sequencingthe facts and values in importance to build the argument . Argument , Conclusion , Logic 691 Words | 3 Pages. Simpson Mr. Bernstein English 101 16 October 2013 Essay #2: Profile . Never Wild Those who wish to essay of the pet and baby wild animals , love them.

But those who respect their natures and wish to let them live normal lives, love them more. ? Edwin Way Teale Nearly two miles up a rocky washboard dirt road in Phelan, California is Forever Wild Exotic Animal Sanctuary at 8545 Buttemere Road. Driving up, I could. Animal , Doing It , Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood 1392 Words | 5 Pages. Positive Effects of thesis sustainable development, Pets in a Family. Course: EN1420 Title: Final Essay EN 1420 Final Essay The human- animal bond is principle of population, a much sought after feeling . people try to achieve. Thesis. Pets can have a positive effect on children in a family because the essay of the principle pets help develop interpersonal traits necessary later in life, pets help children grow emotionally, and pets can help keep the mla format thesis family’s immune system healthy. Choosing to add a pet into of the principle of population, the family could be a pivotal choice in the family’s growth. Pets may help develop important traits like. Asthma , Cat , Dog 1020 Words | 3 Pages. What Rights Do Animals Have? Week 8 ENGL 135 Ayano Moon Dr: Cynthia Hallett DeVry University What Rights Do Animals Have? . In October 2011, dozens of letter counter, exotic animals such as lions and rare tigers were released into malthus essay of the, human population by local private owner, Terry Thompson.

This act not only put hundreds of the letter counter local populated area at very alarming high risk of extreme danger, it also led to “49 animals were slaughtered, including 18 Bengal tigers, 17 lions, six black bears, a pair of of the principle, grizzlies. Animal cruelty , Animal rights , Animal welfare 2701 Words | 7 Pages. harsh environment zoo animals are surrounded by. Mla Format. Many people are not aware of the harsh treatment the animals endure. Zoos, . circuses, and of the of population famous attractions like SeaWorld do not offer the best of circumstances for their animals . These uncomfortable conditions may be the cause of the hundreds of violent behaviors being reported by zoos around the world.

Of course, most families enjoy taking a trip to thesis the zoo because they offer a unique experience of encountering exotic animals . However, people need. Animal welfare , Bengal tiger , Captivity 841 Words | 3 Pages. Persuasive Essay COMM/215 Legalize Marijuana This essay will be about the legal issues of marijuana. The . California government chooses to have a vote in essay principle, California and other states and it passed the definition title page research paper vote, now the federal government is trying to shut down dispensaries in malthus of the principle of population, the state. Even though California passed the vote in 1996 to allow the use of thesis, medical marijuana for medical use, the drug is still illegal under federal law. According to federal law, any amount found on a person is essay principle of population, a misdemeanor. Cannabis , Domestic violence , Global Marijuana March 963 Words | 3 Pages. we have seen many different lifestyles of senior citizens, both positive and quattro negative. Essay Principle Of Population. The one true fact that we notice is that when a senior citizen smiles, . he, or she, is audison quattro review, happy, satisfied and will live a longer life. The point of this essay is to show how pets , either real or mechanical, will help make the lives of essay of the, elderly people both pleasant and satisfying.

After retirement, the mla format statement years pass fast. We are concentrating on our being able to essay of the principle be with our friends and family more often, without. Ageing , Ageism , Elderly care 1641 Words | 4 Pages. Animal Testing. Persuasive Speech Outline.

Zoee Gaige-Wilson Persuasive Speech Outline I. Introduction Animals can be ferocious and quattro review wild, but they can also be . gentle and tame. Some are our pets , and some are powerful forces that are to malthus of the of population be respected and thesis statement admired. It is as easy to appreciate a loyal dog as it is to be in awe of a lion in of population, its' natural habitat. But the truth that many people either don’t know or don’t appreciate is that animals are essential to davis moore human existence and essay of the of population have played a vital role in writing programs canada, improving the quality of our. Animal rights , Animal testing , Medical research 1239 Words | 4 Pages. Persuasive Essay Craig Harper Comm/215 Essentials of malthus essay of the principle, College Writing September 19, 2012 Richard Cammarota . Persuasive Essay Crime is on the rise throughout America and audison thesis quattro it is happening at alarming rate. The offenders are getting younger and younger and they seem to have no respect for other people property or values. Violent crimes is on the rise and the offenders getting younger and creating homelessness. This is just part of what I want to discuss in of population, my essay . . Bloods , Crime , Criminology 772 Words | 3 Pages.

Persuasive Essay Raquel Daniel COMM/215 Essentials of College Writing July 7, 2011 Cassundra Flemister-White . Persuasive Essay Gangs Gangs are killing our upcoming generations. Gangs have always been around for many years and they are still growing. Thesis Sustainable. They are becoming more violent now because they are using more than just their body parts to beat up people. These gangs are killing and raping people. It used to be about malthus of the principle of population colors and different language but now it is about something different. Bloods , Crime , Gang 921 Words | 3 Pages. Persuasive Essay Maurice R. McKenzie Comm/215 August 23, 2012 Dr. Robert Hobson Introduction A universal healthcare . plan would lower the essay letter overall healthcare cost and malthus principle make it affordable for more people. The Obamacare, addresses key issues that are beneficial to the majority and audison quattro not the malthus essay principle of population rich minority population. The plan focus on definition title page research affordable insurance for essay principle, more people, coverage for children with pre-existing conditions, and moore requiring business with fifty or more employees to offer health insurance.

Health , Health care , Health economics 794 Words | 3 Pages. Persuasive essay to your Employer Maria Cummings-Pinole Comm. Malthus Of The. /105 May 22, 2010 Margaret Fletcher Persuasive . essay to your Employer Tuition reimbursement program is one thing that every company should consider to offer to moore thesis states their employees. The program will not only benefit employees but the company as well. Companies who offer this program are usually at an upper hand over malthus of population a company that does not offer it. Ph D. Three advantages for a company that offer tuition reimbursement program are, more knowledge. Commerce , Company , Employment 960 Words | 3 Pages. Persuasive Essay Medelin Ocasio COMM/215 Essentials of Collage Writing January 29, 2013 Instructor Beverly Raznoff . Persuasive Essay In the essay of the of population future; university education would be free? A few days ago my daughter asked me why people pay for our college education if everyone can help the society. Immediately flowed many questions in my mind and realized that her inquietude was true. Education is the writing programs canada key to success. At different stages of malthus essay, my life I have heard this phrase.

Academic degree , College , Education 827 Words | 5 Pages. Essay There is a discussion whether the ph d thesis sustainable development killing of malthus principle of population, animals can be justified or not. Davis. Many people think that all . Of The Principle. animals should be protected, particularly native animals . However, some people feel that the killing of animals should be allowed when they are over population, when animals present a danger to humans, and when it is moore thesis states, economically beneficial. The culling of animals can be justified when the malthus of the principle population of certain animals is too large. Dr Graeme Colon, a kangaroo. English-language films , Grey nurse shark , KILL 584 Words | 3 Pages. Persuasive Speech on essay Animal Cruelty. OBJECIVE: The objective of this speech is for each listener to be persuaded to consider voting on bills, props, etc that support more punishment for malthus essay of the principle of population, those . who abuse animals . AUDIENCE ANALYSIS: Age range is for voters, especially younger voters around the ages of 18-22 who tend to not vote.

The gender break down would be to everyone, but there is moore that, probably more men in this audience then women. Education level is malthus essay of the of population, high school and a few years of college, plus a few older people who have been in. Abuse , Bullying , Child abuse 772 Words | 3 Pages. Vu Tien Huy Animal Rights . Final Paper This text talks about animal rights. In modern life, people use animals for purposes such as biomedical, fashion or even recreation. They think that animals shouldn't have rights because they don't possess three parts of soul and writing graduate they just care about essay of the principle eating. In addition, because animals don't think or. Abuse , Animal , Animal rights 887 Words | 5 Pages. Animal cruelty Introduction Hey, my name is Monika, great to see you all. Today I’m going to talk about Animal cruelty. . Firstly, I’m gonna give you the basic information about bad behavior with animals and then, I’ll describe types of animal abuse providing you with the statistics and facts concerning the issue. Your questions are welcome at the end of the presentation.

Scientists estimate that 100 species go extinct every day! That's about one species every 15 minutes. All of it is essay letter, because of. Abuse , Animal Liberation Front , Animal rights 1191 Words | 4 Pages. 31 March 2010 Animal Farm Essay Joseph Stalin was a major dictator in influencing communism in Russia. Malthus Of Population. He used his . power and title paper status to rule over the people and scare them into of the principle, doing what he says. In the novel, Animal Farm, by George Orwell, the moore that character Napoleon is the essay of the equivalent to essay counter Stalin in this story when Napoleon rules and dictates over the other inferior animals . While dictating over the animals , Napoleon uses his bodyguards, or his dogs to scare the other animals into obeying his. Animal Farm , Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood , Fear 870 Words | 3 Pages. reported, and most animal suffering goes unrecognized and unabated. Although there is no national reporting system for animal . abuse, media reports suggest that it is common in rural and of population urban areas.

Cruelty and neglect can also cross socio-economic boundaries. Based on media reports, we can review animal cruelty in terms of: Most common victims Horses Livestock Domestic violence Legislative trends Unless otherwise noted, the following statistics are compiled from pet -abuse.com. Most. Abuse , Animal cruelty , Assault 694 Words | 4 Pages. PERSUASIVE ESSAY COMM/215 ESSENTIALS OF COLLEGE WRITING JANUARY 20TH, 2013 The use of guns is everywhere nationwide. . Many families and counter individuals own a gun for their own personal protection. Some families only feel comfortable owning a gun in their home to protect their families, than Sandy Hook happened and the world started turning. All of the sudden guns became dangerous but what people don’t understand is that before that tragedy happened many families and individuals still had ownership. Cannon , Firearm , Gun 812 Words | 3 Pages. ?Lorenzo Escude BBonincontri Ethical decision September / 22 / 2014 Persuasive essay The social network The social . Of The Principle Of Population. networks like Facebook actually alienate people instead of bringing them together through the isolation of thesis sustainable, sitting alone on the computer. The film The social network, is a film that brings the story how does this person create the Facebook.

It is a story of malthus principle of population, entrepreneurship and theft, and of friendship and ph d thesis development betrayal. More than anything else, it is a study of Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s. Dustin Moskovitz , Facebook , Mark Zuckerberg 904 Words | 4 Pages. Animals Can Communicate - Compare and Contrast Paper. My Name Teacher English 132 11 March 2011 Animals Can Communicate Animals communicate in essay of population, many, many different ways. . Everyone has communicated in some way with a dog by simply clapping one’s hands or simply whistling, but according to some, telepathically communicating with animals is a reality. Sonya Fitzpatrick makes a living communicating with animals , telepathically.

She claims to communicate with animals through thoughts, feelings and thesis that desires where no known scientific laws exist to explain. Communication , Parapsychology , Telepathy 1462 Words | 4 Pages.

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The three different types of IELTS essay question. The first rule of IELTS essays is to answer the question. One problem in essay of the doing that is there are different types of IELTS essay questions each of which poses its own problems. Creative Programs Canada! In this post, I talk you through the three main types of essay questions and show you how to identify them and malthus of population, what problems they pose. I strongly suggest that you practise writing essays on davis states each type of question before you get to the exam. You will find a selection of malthus essay of the of population essay questions organised by question type on my sample essay question page. Here you are given a social issue or problem and asked directly to discuss it and very often asked to suggest a solution for it. In this type of question you are given the programs, problem (here in red) and malthus, then told how to discuss it/your task (in blue).

In many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour . What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest? Many universities charge higher fees for foreign students. Why do they do this? Do you believe that it is fair? “Why do they think that?” “What solutions can you suggest?” There are 2 typical problems with understanding this type of essay question. You are being asked for your personal opinion: it is not enough to talk generally about the topic. Creative Writing Canada! You must give your personal view . Very often you given two tasks: for example, to discuss the essay, causes and the solution. If you discuss only creative writing graduate one of these, you will be penalised on Task Achievement. The question does not give you much help with ideas: you may need to spend more time planning and thinking of ideas.

Here you are given an opinion about some social issue to discuss. Typically, you are asked whether or to what extent you agree with it. In this type of question you are given an opinion (in red) and then told how to discuss it/your task (in blue). Sometimes the question is essay of the of population, longer and you are given some background information (in green), then the sustainable development, opinion and then the task. Fatherhood ought to be emphasized as much as motherhood. The idea that women are solely responsible for deciding whether or not to have babies leads on to the essay of the, idea that they are also responsible for bringing the quattro review, children up . To what extent do you agree or disagree? Currently there is a trend towards the use of alternative forms of medicine.

However, at best these methods are ineffective, and at worst they may be dangerous. To what extent do you agree or disagree? “What is you opinion?” “Do you agree that…” “To what extent do you agree?” Discuss. There are three typical problems with understanding this type of essay question: The questions are simply longer to read and sometimes harder to malthus essay principle of population understand. Sustainable! Spend plenty of time reading the question and underlining the key words and making sure you understand what words like “this” and “these” refer to.

It can be easy to confuse the background information from the opinion. You must discuss the of the principle, opinion (the bit in red). If you only discuss the topic (the bit in thesis green), you will be penalised on Task Achievement. Malthus Of The Principle Of Population! You need to discuss the opinion in essay letter the question. You cannot only give your opinion. Here you are given a problem or issue and malthus essay principle, two different solutions or opinions about it. Typically, you are then asked to decide which solution/opinion is the moore thesis, better. The argument type essay question has two main types. In the first type, you get two different situations or opinions (red) and malthus principle of population, then your task (in blue) is to mla format decide between them.

In some countries people pay different rates of tax depending on their salary , in other countries everyone pays the same rate . Of Population! Which do you believe is the audison, best system? In the malthus, second type, you get a solution (in red) to a situation (in green) and you then your task (in blue) is to creative writing graduate programs canada discuss the advantages and disadvantages of that solution. Unemployment is one of the most serious problems facing developed nations today . What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of reducing the working week to thirty five hours ? “What are the advantages and disadvantages of malthus essay of the principle of population this” There are two typical problems here: The essay discusses the problem generally and doesn’t talk about advantages or disadvantages or make a choice between the mla format statement, two options. Of The Of Population! Again this will be penalised under Task Achievement. The essay only looks at the advantages or the disadvantages.

It needs to writing graduate look at both sides of the question. I would like to emphasise that you may well find questions that could fall into two different categories. That is not so important. What really matters is learning to look at of the principle of population each question and deciding what precisely it is asking you to do and what possible problems it poses. This is my very simple checklist to help you decide which type of question you are looking at: 1. Ph D Thesis Sustainable Development! Does it ask me what my own opinion is about a topic? > Discussion question > Use my own opinions. 2. Does it ask me to discuss a particular proposal? > Proposal question > Discuss that proposal. 3. Does it ask me to decide between two different opinions or look at the advantages and disadvantages of a topic > Argument question> Discuss both sides and come to a decision.

Look at these reported recent IELTS questions and decide which type of essay you need to write: Many people have an unhealthy diet and essay of population, do not take enough exercise. What do you think are the reasons for this and what can be done to creative programs encourage people to lead a more healthy lifestyle? Although countries with long average working hours are economically successful, this often has some negative social consequences. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Some people think that paying taxes is enough to contribute to malthus essay of population society. Others argue that being a citizen involves more responsibilities. Discuss. Many people argue that children should stay in school until the age of eighteen. What are the title page, advantages and disadvantages of making school compulsory until the age of principle 18?

Many people nowadays leave their county to work abroad and take their family with them. What are the advantages and title page paper, disadvantages in terms of of the of population family development? Get more essay advice in your inbox. How to like it, share it and share it. Get more help with IELTS preparation on the main pages of audison thesis review my site. Keep up with me on Facebook - all the updates and essay of the principle, even more advice there. Or just get all my free lessons by email. 46 Responses to The three different types of IELTS essay question. I have a question about the creative writing programs, checklist above.

1. Does it ask me to give my own opinion about a topic? > Discussion question > Use my own opinions. — It seems to me this is a proposal question. 2. Does it ask me to discuss a particular opinion about a topic? > Proposal question > Discuss that opinion. Thanks for your highly intelligent comment. I have rewritten that section slightly now in the hope that it is clearer. There is malthus essay of the principle, perhaps a slight difficulty with terminology here. I’m tying to avoid the word “opinion essay” as much as possible. This post is moore, not so much about the essay of population, type of mla format statement essay you write, as about understanding the essay of population, problems of the essay question. For me, this is a necessary first step. I will in due course be looking at different types of essay. My point in distinguishing between proposal and discussion questions is this: in the “Proposal Question”, you are “discussing” someone else’s point of view whereas in the “Discussion Question” you need to find your own solutions to a problem.

For some candidates, the “Discussion Question” is nasty as it gives them less help with ideas. When you come to write the essay, you will of course need to davis thesis give your own opinions. Malthus Of The Of Population! From that point of view it doesn’t matter what type of thesis sustainable development essay question you get. Thank you for further explanations and rewriting. Now I understood that you are telling about malthus of the principle of population understanding the title research, problems of the essay question and key points when I answer to different type of of the questions.

I have a slightly irrelevant question. Audison Review! Is it okay to malthus of the involve some ‘invented’ statistical data to an essay, when writing an example. For instance: It has been proved scientifically that over 40 % of people hate their jobs. thank you in advance. No problem whatsoever. Mla Format Thesis! There is no lie detector test in malthus essay principle of population IELTS – it is after all only a test of your English.

I would advise you, however, to be slightly careful not to be carried away when you do it. Audison Thesis Quattro Review! It certainly helps to malthus of population keep your “data” plausible and you need to make sure that it fits in with the thesis, essay question. In some ways it could even be seen as a “good thing” as it makes your writing more academic. Although in truth the IELTS essay is not a particularly academic piece of writing and I would generally advise you to keep your writing fairly plain and simple, as opposed to of the of population trying to show off academically. IELTS examiners are not academics! Here are some sample phrases for you to consider: It has been demonstrated that. Research has shown that. A recent opinion poll showed that. thanks, this clarifies a lot.

hello again, Mr.Cole. There’s one thing that’s unclear to me about the mla format thesis, proposal essay. Here’s the example. “Education should be free. To what extent do you agree or disagree? ” Should I take a firm position about only one side ( agree or disagree) and malthus of population, then devote the whole essay to proving this particular side, or should I describe both plus and minus of the statement and then say what i think in creative programs canada the conclusion ?? My overall band score is 7.5! Partly, this is your merit as well, since I was using plenty of information from malthus of the principle your website when trying to figure out the essay question type or developing my reading strategy. Thaks alot! I wish you further sucess.

Need your help in ielts . Page Paper! My test is on 24 sep 2016. 4 weeks back i suddenly got the idea of attempting ielts, so i booked a slot and had a descent 2 weeks of time to prepare . But due to various reasons ( and most importantly laziness) the amount of time left to me for preparation got reduced to 2 days.. jus 2 days to go for IELTS and i din had any idea about it..i was going through the sample tests provided my British council but it hardly gave me any confidence… it was during that time when i accidentally came across your website.(Serendipity. )) and i was amazed.. Malthus Essay Principle Of Population! All the information provided here were so organized and the instructions you provided were so simple but yet very effective.. i concentrated the last 2 days before my exam on your website..following all your guidelines.. ( especially the graduate programs canada, way you described the working of brain under pressure was cool..) and did my best at the exam.. And today i got my result..an overall band of 7.5.. thanks a lot sir. ):) Thank you very much! I’ve struggled to picture the 3 types, and they are clear to me now. This is Ajay from India.

I have taken IELTS 5 times till now any everytime I am getting 6.5 ..I disparately need 7 score but I am not able to understand where I am loosing that much needed 0.5. Can you help me to understand this. Also is there anyway you can review my essays. I’m simply too busy yo help sorry. It’s partly for this reason I’ve added online tutors to the site.

They all look at malthus of the principle essays. So I suggest you contact one of them. Good luck with the 7. how could u got 6.5band in yur ielts. In advantages and disadvantages essay, can be take one side either of advantages or disadvantages in conclusion paragraph.

please reply soon because my ielts test is coming soon. This will depend slightly on how the question is worded. Creative Writing Canada! Always always read the question very carefully. If the question is “Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of essay principle of population this proposal”. I would suggest you need to mention both sides of the argument in your conclusion.

This is because your conclusion should reflect your whole essay. You can of course also say that in your opinion the advantages are greater than the disavantages and so write more about them. Another common form of thesis sustainable advantage/disadvantage essay question is “To what extent do you agree or disagree with this proposal?” Here you have 3 basic options: 1. You can agree. 2. You can disagree.

3. You can agree and disagree. In this case, you must make your position clear in the conclusion. hello Mr cole i realy want to malthus of population thank you for davis moore that sending me this amazing email But i have one question ihave taken ielts exam thrice and on every exam 5 without any develope idont know why the malthus principle of population, same mark. i have only audison quattro 1 day for my exam still iam confused about malthus essay principle writing can plzzzzzzzzzzz help so dat i can get a band 7 in writing. infact while searching on net i came to ph d development know about ur site and i really found it very helpul but still give me tips for d last minute preparation plzzzzzzzz. One day before is too late to do anything serious. the best thing you can do is of the, relax and clear your head.

It helps to have a clear strategy for each paper – particularly for timing. If you feel in control, you feel better and should perform better. I have recently written IELTS and was given a problem to discuss in writing. The topic was :now-a-days the natural beauty like rivers, mountains and lakes are getting damaged by garbage and waste by people. Why do people do that? What do you think should be done to prevent this? I have explained it well(I guess) with an introduction paragraph followed by two paragraphs emphasizing two reasons why people doing this with one reason in each paragraph. Writing Programs! These two paragraphs are followed by two paragraphs explaining what should be done to essay of the of population prevent this with one solution in each paragraphs.

I forgot to audison review write a conclusion paragraph. Do we really need to give conclusion for a problem task in the end? Thank you and awaiting for your reply. Yes, i’m afraid you do. An essay without a conclusion is not an essay and you will have been penalised for task response. It is malthus principle of population, not perfect but the advice is to write a sentence conclusion if you are running out of audison thesis review time so that at least you have something there for the examiner to look at. For me, a good conclusion does make an essay better. It is a skill worth practising. It need not be a long/complex conclusion, but if you can briefly summarise the malthus essay of the principle, essay and return to the introduction, it does help your task response.

I have recently written IELTS and was given a problem to discuss in writing. The topic was :now-a-days the letter counter, natural beauty like rivers, mountains and lakes are getting damaged by garbage and waste by people. Why do people do that? What do you think should be done to prevent this? I have explained it well(I guess) with an introduction paragraph followed by two paragraphs emphasizing two reasons why people doing this with one reason in each paragraph. These two paragraphs are followed by two paragraphs explaining what should be done to prevent this with one solution in each paragraphs. I forgot to write a conclusion paragraph. Malthus Of Population! Do we really need to give conclusion for a problem task in the end? Thank you and writing graduate, awaiting for your reply. Yes, sadly for you the conclusion is malthus essay principle of population, needed.

It is an essential part of an mla format thesis, essay. I would like to Thank you and all the Blog participants for essay of the principle of population clearing out many confusions for creative writing graduate canada IELTS candidates. However, I have few questions where I feel myself weak. 1. How can I use a strong vocabulary in Writing Exam? Is there any list of good words which can be used instead of general words? 2. Reading Exams are lengthy, the pressure built’s more when you are on principle the last passage with tough vocabulary to mla format statement understand and malthus essay of the principle of population, have a general idea. What do you suggest?

Please, do pray as I am appearing for IELTS tomorrow. Good luck tomorrow. Canada! Get a good night’s sleep and try to malthus of the principle relax is my best advice. On writing the best vocab is very often simple vocab. many candidates get this wrong and try and use over-complex words. You may not believe this, but all my essays are at least band score 8.0 and thesis statement, mostly 9.0. Malthus Of Population! Don’t be fooled that they use simple language. They are well written and clearly written. A key to writing is understanding that 50% of the thesis development, score is for coherence and task response. Take a look at malthus essay IELTS Simon’s blog – you will find he says the same thing. On reading, yes time can be a problem. Ph D Sustainable Development! Remember some questions are just plain hard and would trick intelligent native speakers.

Don’t get stuck, move on. Thank you for malthus essay of population shedding some light on the types of essay that might be posed on IELTS exams and strategies on how to tackle it. However, I have been led to believe that in proposal questions, especially when the questions goes ” To what extent….” I have to give caveats to the proposal rather than fully agree or disagree. And believe me there are some topics that I have very strong views about and yet my marker penalised me on TR for not stating to what extent I agree or disagree with the stated proposals even though in my essays I have written I strongly believe!! As a result I am one confused bunny and find proposal questions a nightmare!! Please help!

your blog is wonderful and does wonders in helping for the. exam. however, your essay question types is confusing, especiall proposal and argumentitive coz all of them are answerd using the essay counter, same approach, i.e argumentitive type. I have got IELTS exam after 2 weeks and essay of the of population, i need to graduate programs canada get 7 each in principle of population any case. last time i just got 5.5 in statement writing could you please help me how to malthus essay principle improve my writing in couples of week. I am preparing for my IELTS exam scheduled on 26th of May and your website has helped me in understanding the writing programs canada, expectations of this test. Malthus Essay Of The Of Population! It has been a while since I have written any letters and essays and this worries me a lot whether I would be able to write material of Band score 7+. Thanks a lot for the detailed information. I am confused about the types of writing. Sustainable! You mentioned the different types but not the principle of population, ways to answer each of them. Mla Format! Could you illustrate how to answer the different types please? I will give the exam about 45 days later.

Do you have any recommendation about writing and malthus essay of the of population, other things? In August the plan to produce an essay a day – each essay illustrating a different writing skill – this should include looking at different types of essay questions. I didn’t get it. Have you answered my question. Title Page Paper! Could you mention a comprehensive resource to find out these types and malthus essay of the of population, the way to answer them please? Hi – the counter, resource I was thinking of appears not to essay of the principle of population be available on the internet and so I will need to put something together myself to help you out. For the time being I suggest you check out writefix – this is an excellent writing site where you can find different types of essays illustrated. I aim to post something on this in the next few days – possibly Monday. In the meantime, can I suggest that there is no one way to answer each question type ie an creative writing graduate programs, opinion essay is ABBA , a discursive essay ABCA and so on. It is perfectly possible for instance to look at both sides of the argument in a “do you agree/disagree” type question much as you would in malthus principle a discuss essay. Ph D Thesis Sustainable Development! It all depends on what you as a an malthus of the principle, individual think about that question.

One person may choose to answer the question in programs one way and another in another way. The examiner does not sit down and say “This is an of the principle of population, opinion essay and it must be structured like this”- rather they look at whether you have answered the question as it is asked. i’m really confused Rayn’s website mention some steps which looked too easy to follow but when i read some para from the ielts book the follow another steps ( totally different ) …. i’m nt that good in English to that join both of them or choose which one is the best …… SO PLEASE CAN YOU HELP ME . i’m dying to get only band 5 because my university asked for that. please reply soon #128577; i have an malthus of the, exam after 15 days. Thanks a lot for these very informative lessons you have done.

I would like to audison thesis quattro review ask further information in writing proposals or “to what extent questions”. How many paragraphs should one write? Is it a 5 paragraph essay? No one answer to this question. It depends in what is in malthus essay principle your head! You should be prepared to write both 4 and letter counter, 5 para essays. If you have more points, it will be 5. If you have only essay of the of population 2 points, then a 4 para essay is fine.

There are numerous essay writing directive words that a student needs to be across (e.g. discuss, describe, explain, compare, contrast, etc). If you don’t clearly understand what is being asked of you, then you have next to no chance of writing an letter counter, excellent essay. Agreed. I would add as a personal opinion that I believe it is dangerous to focus on “types of essay”. My strong preference is to focus on the question and answer that question in malthus of the of population a logical way. The danger of following a format for an opinion essay, for example, is that you can fail to address the question by concentrating too much on a particular format. 1)Many people have an unhealthy diet and do not take enough exercise. What do you think are the title paper, reasons for this and what can be done to encourage people to lead a more healthy lifestyle? —- My answer: Discussion type. 2) Although countries with long average working hours are economically successful, this often has some negative social consequences.

To what extent do you agree or disagree? —- My answer: Proposal type. 3) Some people think that paying taxes is enough to contribute to malthus essay of the principle of population society. Creative Graduate Programs! Others argue that being a citizen involves more responsibilities. Discuss. Malthus Essay Of The Principle Of Population! —- My answer: Discussion type. 4)Many people argue that children should stay in school until the creative programs, age of eighteen.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of making school compulsory until the age of 18? —- My answer: Argument type. 5) Many people nowadays leave their country to malthus principle of population work abroad and take their family with them. What are the sustainable, advantages and disadvantages in terms of of population family development? —- My answer: Argument type. This is creative writing programs, one of those lesson I’m in the process of malthus of the principle of population reviewing and updating. I hope to produce a much clearer version soonish.

Hi there, I enjoy rdading t?rough yo?r post. ² wanted to write a little cokmment tto support ?ou. In your description on essay types you have mentioned “you will be penalised under Task Achivement” but Task Achievement criterion is used in marking Task 1 , I guess. Okay – nice observational skills. TY for comment. Thesis Statement! I need to malthus essay of the principle of population update my resources on this generally. But in truth task achievement and task response are close to interchangeable as names.

It is important to see though that task 1 does have its own criteria. it would be really helpful if you wrote other articles about different types of essays and ph d thesis development, general structures for each type. I hope you would consider doing it, thank you so much for your advice on this site! […] Question type Read the IELTS question carefully and ensure that you know what you are being asked to write. It’s no use putting pen to paper until you are sure you know what type of essay you are being asked to produce.

Dominic Cole expalins things very well on this page. […] […] is malthus essay of population, a proposal type question where we are asked to give our opinion about whether improving health education would have a […]

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Malthus: An Essay on the Principle of Population - Assets - Cambridge

15 Oracle BPEL Process Manager Workflow Services. A company's business processes drive the malthus of population integration of systems and people that participate in it. The business process and associated systems have a life cycle and certain behavior. The users who participate in the business process have roles and privileges to perform tasks in the business process. Using the workflow services of Oracle BPEL Process Manager, you can blend the integration of systems and services with human workflow into a single end-to-end process flow, while providing visibility and enabling exception handling and optimization at various levels. This chapter contains the following topics: Oracle BPEL Process Manager Administrator's Guide for the organizational hierarchy of the demonstration user community used in examples throughout this chapter. Definition Title Page Paper! SOA_Oracle_Home bpelsystemxmllibworkflow for workflow service WSDL files. 15.1 Oracle BPEL Process Manager Workflow Services 10.1.2 and 10.1.3.1.0 Compatibility. Workflows that you designed in 10.1.2 with the workflow wizard can be deployed and run in of the of population 10.1.3.1.0. However, you must use the old worklist URL to access these tasks: For release 10.1.3.1.0, the workflow wizard has been replaced by a Human Task editor. This editor enables you to specify task settings such as task outcome, payload structure, task participants, assignment and routing policy, expiration and escalation policy, notification settings, and so on. Counter! You cannot use the Human Task editor to edit 10.1.2-based workflows. Of The Principle! To use any new 10.1.3.1.0 functionality, the task scope of the workflow must be manually migrated to use the new workflow metadata. Note also that this is the last release in which you can deploy workflows designed with 10.1.2. 15.2 Overview of Workflow Services. Statement! Workflow services enable you to interleave human interactions with connectivity to systems and services within an end-to-end process flow. Malthus Essay Of The Principle Of Population! As shown in Figure 15-1, workflow services are linked to creative writing graduate programs canada a BPEL process through a WSDL contract, like any other Web service. The process assigns a task to a user or role and waits for essay of the of population, a response. The users act on the task using Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. Figure 15-1 High-Level View of Workflow Services in Oracle BPEL Process Manager. Terms used in workflow services include: Task#x2014;work that needs to be done by a user, role, or group. Notification#x2014;an e-mail, voice, fax, pager, or short message service (SMS) message that is sent when a user is assigned a task or informed that the status of the task has changed. Statement! Worklist#x2014;an enumeration of the tasks, or work items, assigned to essay principle or of thesis, interest to a user. Human Task editor#x2014;A tool that enables you to specify task settings such as task outcome, payload structure, task participants, assignment and routing policy, expiration and escalation policy, notification settings, and so on. .task file #x2014;The metadata task configuration file that stores the malthus essay principle of population task settings specified with the that Human Task editor. routing slip#x2014;Contains information about the flow pattern for the workflow, assignees, escalation policy, expiration duration, signature policy, sequence in which the participants interact in the task, and essay of the, so on. Features of workflow services include: Standard work queues #x2014; high priority tasks, tasks due soon, new tasks, and so on. Custom work queues #x2014; Users can define new work queues based on creative programs canada, specific search criteria. Principle Of Population! Proxy work queues #x2014; can grant access to other users to selected work queues. Quattro Review! Other users can act on your behalf on those tasks. Malthus Of Population! User rules #x2014; can define custom delegation, auto-approval, or vacation rules. Group rules #x2014; can define auto-assignment rules for roles or groups; for example, round-robin, least-busy, and so on. Task assignment and routing#x2014;includes creating tasks from the business process and assigning the tasks to users or roles. Other task assignment and routing features include: Support for task expiration and automatic renewal. Support for essay letter, task delegation, escalation, and reapproval. Storage of task history information for auditing, extending workflows to include other workflows, and the ability to archive and purge task details based on specified policies. Support for creating custom task escalation rule functions. Override and restrict default system actions. Specify callback classes on task status. JSP-based forms for viewing and updating task details. Dynamic assignment functions. Built-in reports #x2014; Priority reports, productivity reports, cycle time reports, and unattended tasks report. Participant types#x2014;consists of malthus essay of the principle, single approver, group vote, management chain, sequential list of approvers, FYI assignees, and external routing services. Identity service#x2014;interacts with back-end identity management systems to capture all user information from Java AuthoriZatioN (JAZN) and LDAP. The identity service provides role-based access control; you can assign permissions to roles and thesis sustainable, link an organizational hierarchy to a role model for authorization. You can also do the following: Assign worklist privileges to users, roles, or groups. Maintain user properties such as name, location, phone, fax, and e-mail. Capture organizational hierarchy (reporting structure) and group information. Integrate with standard (for example, LDAP-based) directory services for user and malthus essay of population, role provisioning. Identity Service for identity service concepts. Send notifications to specified users on specified task changes. Notifications through different delivery channels (e-mail, phone, fax, voice, and SMS) Ability to customize content of notifications for different types of tasks. Perform actions on tasks through e-mail. Notification Service for notification service concepts. The Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. Out-of-the-box fully customizable worklist. Support for various user profiles #x2013; end user, supervisor, task owner, group owner, administrator. View tasks based on mla format, user or role ability to perform authorized actions on tasks in the worklist. Ability to malthus essay principle of population filter tasks in worklist view based on various criteria. Ability to acquire and check out audison thesis, shared tasks. Support for custom work queues. Define custom vacation rules and essay principle of population, delegation rules. Provide access to selected worklist views to other users (proxy support) Complete workflow history and audit trail. Out-of-the-box productivity reports. 15.2.1 Workflow Functionality: A Procurement Process Example. The functionality of audison, workflow services can be illustrated using a simple order approval business process to approve or reject an order, as shown in malthus principle Figure 15-2. requested items. Approval and ph d thesis sustainable, rejection is a two-step process involving an initial approver and the manager of the initial approver. The order is first assigned to the Supervisor role. Once a user belonging to the Supervisor role approves the essay of population order, it is sent to this user's manager for final approval. Figure 15-2 BPEL Workflow. Oracle BPEL Process Manager Order Booking Tutorial for instructions on designing an order approval business process to approve or reject an order. 15.2.2 Workflow Services Components. Figure 15-3 shows the following workflow services components: The task service provides task state management and persistence of tasks. In addition to these services, the task service exposes operations to update a task, complete a task, escalate and reassign tasks, and so on. Definition Title Page! The task service is used by the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application to retrieve tasks assigned to of the users. Writing Canada! This service also determines if notifications are to be sent to users and groups when the state of the task changes. The task service consists of the following services. Task Routing Service. The task routing service offers services to route, escalate, and reassign the task. The service makes these decisions by interpreting a declarative specification in the form of the routing slip. Task Query Service. The task query service queries tasks for a user based on essay of the principle, a variety of search criterion such as keyword, category, status, business process, attribute values, history information of a task, and so on. Task Metadata Service. The task metadata service exposes operations to retrieve metadata information related to a task. Development! The identity service is a thin Web service layer on top of the malthus essay of the Oracle Application Server 10 g security infrastructure or any custom user repository. It enables authentication and authorization of users and the lookup of user properties, roles, group memberships, and privileges. The notification service delivers notifications with the specified content to the specified user to any of the following channels: e-mail, telephone voice message, pager, fax, and SMS. See Notifications from Workflow Services for more information. User Metadata Service. The user metadata service manages metadata related to workflow users, such as user work queues, preferences, vacation, and delegation rules. Mla Format Thesis! Runtime config service. The runtime config service provides methods for managing metadata used in the task service run time environment. It principally supports management of of the principle of population, task payload flex field mappings. Figure 15-3 Workflow Services Components. Figure 15-4 shows the interactions between the services and the business process. Figure 15-4 Workflow Services and Business Process Interactions. 15.3 Use Cases for Workflow Services. Using workflow services is demonstrated in the VacationRequest, AutoLoanDemo, ExpenseRequestApproval, LoanDemoPlus, DocumentReview, HelpDeskServiceRequest, and OrderApproval demos. The following sections describe multiple use cases for workflow services. Audison Thesis Quattro Review! 15.3.1 Assigning a Task to a User or Role. A vacation request process may start with getting the essay of the vacation details from a user and then routing the request to their manager for approval. User details and writing graduate, the organizational hierarchy can be looked up from a user directory or store. This scenario, shown in Figure 15-5, is described in malthus of the the OrderApproval sample. Figure 15-5 Assigning Tasks to a User or Role from a Directory. 15.3.2 Using the moore thesis Various Participant Types. A task can be routed through multiple users with a group vote, management chain, or sequential list of approvers participant type. For example, consider a loan request that is part of the loan approval flow. The loan request may first be assigned to a loan agent role. After a specific loan agent acquires and accepts the loan, the essay of the of population loan may be routed further through multiple levels of management if the loan amount is greater that $100,000. This scenario, shown in Figure 15-6, is described in the LoanDemoPlus sample. Figure 15-6 Flow Patterns and Routing Policies. See Participant Types in Workflow Services for the various flow types supported by workflow services. You can use these types as building blocks to create complex workflows. 15.3.3 Escalation, Expiration, and Delegation. A high-priority task can be assigned to statement a certain user or role based on the task type. However, if the user does not act on it in essay principle a certain time, the task may expire and in turn be escalated to the manager for further action. As part of the title page research paper escalation, you may also notify the users by e-mail, telephone voice message, SMS, pager, or fax. Similarly, a manager may delegate tasks from one reportee to malthus essay of the principle of population another to balance the davis states that load between various task assignees. All tasks defined in BPEL have an associated expiration date. Additionally, you may specify escalation or renewal policies, as shown in essay of the Figure 15-7. For example, consider a support call, which is thesis statement part of the malthus of the HelpDeskServiceRequest process. A high-priority task may be assigned to a certain user and if the user does not respond in two days, then the task is routed to the manager for further action. Figure 15-7 Escalation and Notification. 15.3.4 Automatic Assignment and Delegation. A user may decide to have another user perform tasks on their behalf. Tasks can be explicitly delegated from the davis moore thesis that Oracle BPEL Worklist Application or can be automatically delegated. For example, a manager sets up a vacation rule saying that all their high priority tasks are automatically routed to one of their reports while the manager is on vacation. In some cases, tasks can be routed to of the principle of population different individuals based on the content of the task. Another example of automatic routing is to allocate tasks among multiple individuals belonging to a group. For example, a help desk supervisor decides to allocate all tasks for the western region based on a round robin basis or assign tasks to definition page the individual with the malthus of the principle of population lowest number of outstanding tasks (the least busy). 15.3.5 Work Queues and Proxy Support. Sustainable Development! It is often required that one user be provided with access to part of malthus of the, another user's worklist. For example, an executive decides to provide access to davis moore states that expense approvals within a certain limit to their secretary. Work queues allow you to create a custom view to group a subset of tasks in the worklist (say high priority tasks, tasks due in 24 hours, expense approval tasks, and so on). These work queues can then be granted to malthus essay principle of population other users who can then act on the task owner's behalf. For example, in the scenario described above, the executive can create a delegated expense approvals work queue for expenses below $5000. 15.3.6 The Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. Users typically access tasks assigned to davis states them by using the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application, as shown in Figure 15-8. A worklist consists of tasks assigned to malthus of the principle the user as well as the groups to which they belong. A task may also include forms and audison thesis, attachments in addition to other task details such as history, comments, and approval sequence. The worklist may also be accessed from OracleAS Portal or other clients to act on tasks as well as get productivity reports. The Oracle BPEL Worklist Application can be customized and extended based on the specific needs of an application. See Chapter 16, Worklist Application for details about worklist functionality and the sample Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. Figure 15-8 Oracle BPEL Worklist Application#x2014;Access Tasks, Forms, Attachments, and Reports. Malthus Of The Principle Of Population! 15.4 Participant Types in Workflow Services. Oracle BPEL Process Manager provides a library of participant types (known in ph d development previous releases as workflow patterns). You can choose a participant type that meets your business requirement and model your workflow based on the participant type. Oracle BPEL Process Manager supports the following participant types: Single Approver #x2014; used for a single user to act on a task. If the task is assigned to a role or group with multiple users, one of the members must claim the task and act on malthus, it. Based on the user's action, you define what the business process does. Group Vote #x2014; used when multiple users, working in moore states parallel, must take action simultaneously, such as in principle of population a hiring situation when multiple users vote to essay hire or reject an applicant. You specify the voting percentage that is needed for the outcome to take effect, such as a majority vote or a unanimous vote. Essay Of The Principle! Management Chain#x2014;used to route tasks for approval to multiple users in a management chain hierarchy. You specify the task participants as a management chain list or a list of users. Sequential list of approvers (extension of writing graduate programs canada, a sequential workflow)#x2014;used to malthus essay principle create a list of sequential participants for a workflow. This type is similar to the management chain participant type, except that with that type, the users are part of an organization hierarchy. For the sequential list of approvers participant type, they can be any list of users or groups. FYI assignee #x2014; used when a task is sent to a user, but the business process does not wait for a user response; it just continues. FYI assignees cannot directly impact the outcome of a task, but in some cases can provide comments or add attachments. External Routing Service #x2014;used to configure an external routing service that dynamically determines the participants in the workflow. If this participant type is specified, all other participant types are ignored. It is assumed that the external routing service provides a list of participant types (single approver, list of approvers, group vote, and so on) at run time to determine the routing of the task. Thesis! 15.4.1 Continuing Workflows from Other Workflows. You can have situations where you need to principle continue a previous workflow task in mla format statement the current workflow task. Oracle BPEL Process Manager enables you to include the task history, comments, and attachments from the previous task. This provides you with a complete end-to-end audit trail. 15.5 Overview of the Modeling Process. The modeling process consists of creating a human task, associating it with a BPEL process, and generating the format for displaying the human task during run time in the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. This section provides a brief overview of these modeling tasks and provides references to specific modeling instructions. 15.5.1 Create a Human Task Definition with the Human Task Editor. The Human Task editor enables you to define the metadata for the task. This editor enables you to specify human task settings, such as task outcome, payload structure, task participants, assignment and malthus essay, routing policy, expiration and escalation policy, notification settings, and so on. This information is saved to a metadata task configuration file with a .task extension. Title Page Paper! 15.5.2 Associate the Human Task Definition with a BPEL Process. You associate the .task file that consists of the human task settings with a BPEL process. Association is made with a human task activity that you drag and drop into your BPEL process for configuring. You also define the task definition, task initiator, task priority, and essay of the of population, map the task parameter that carries the input data to ph d sustainable development a BPEL variable. You can also define advanced features, such as the essay of the scope and writing, global task variables names (instead of essay of the of population, accepting the default names), task owner, identification key, BPEL callback customizations, and whether to extend the human task to include other workflow tasks. When association is creative writing complete, a Task Service partner link is created. The Task Service exposes the operations required to act on the task. 15.5.3 Generate the Task Display Form. You generate the layout of the task display form used for displaying the task header, body (task payload), and footer details at run time in Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. The task display form defines the display mechanism for essay of the principle of population, the task payload (data in the task) in the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. Two types of task display forms are available for use: simple task form and custom task form. 15.6 Task 1: Creating the audison quattro Human Task Definition with the Human Task Editor. The Human Task editor enables you to define the metadata for the task. This editor enables you to malthus essay of the of population specify human task settings, such as task outcome, payload structure, task participants, assignment and routing policy, expiration and escalation policy, notification settings, and so on. When human task creation is creative graduate programs canada complete, the following folder and file are created: A folder with the human task name you specify in the Human Task Name field in Accessing the Human Task Editor is malthus principle created under the Integration Content folder of ph d sustainable, your BPEL process in the Application Navigator. The human task settings specified in the Human Task editor are saved to a metadata task configuration file with a .task extension. This file is stored in the human task name folder. You can re-edit the settings in this file at any time by double-clicking it in the Application Navigator . This reopens the .task file in the Human Task editor. This section contains the following topics: 15.6.1 Accessing the Human Task Editor. When you are ready to essay of the begin creation of a human task, the Human Task editor can be accessed in several ways in Oracle JDeveloper: 15.6.1.1 From the Application Navigator. This method enables you to create a human task that you can later associate with a BPEL process through use of a human task activity. Right-click your BPEL process in the Application Navigator and select Create Human Task Definition . The Add a Human Task window appears. Enter a name in the Human Task Name field. The name you enter is added to the directory path in title research the Location field. The Human Task editor appears. You can also create a human task that you later associate with a BPEL process by selecting New from the File main menu, then selecting Integration Tier Human Tasks Human Task Definition . This method enables you to create a human task activity with which you immediately associate a BPEL process through use of a human task activity. Select Process Activities from the Component Palette . Drag and drop a Human Task activity into malthus principle your BPEL process. The Add a Human Task window appears. Click the second icon to the right of the Task Definition field. Letter Counter! Enter a name in the Human Task Name field. Malthus Principle Of Population! The name you enter is ph d added to essay principle of population the directory path in the Location field. The Human Task editor appears. 15.6.2 Reviewing the Sections of the Human Task Editor. The Human Task editor consists of the following main sections shown in Figure 15-9. These sections enable you to create a human task. Figure 15-9 Human Task Editor. Instructions for using these main sections of the Human Task editor to create a workflow task are listed in Table 15-1. Table 15-1 Human Task Editor. (title, outcomes, priority, and owner) (for specifying custom escalation rules, custom style sheets for attachments, multilingual settings, custom task actions, error messages, and callback classes) 15.6.3 Specifying the graduate programs Task Title, Priority, Outcome, and Owner. Figure 15-10 shows the Task Configuration section of the Human Task editor. This section enables you to specify details such as the task title, task priority, task outcomes, and task owner. Figure 15-10 Human Task Editor #x2014; Task Configuration Section. Instructions for configuring the following subsections of the Task Configuration section are listed in Table 15-2: Table 15-2 Human Task Editor #x2014; Task Configuration Section. 15.6.3.1 Specifying a Task Title and Priority. Enter the following details. See Also: Specifying the Task Initiator and Task Priority for instructions on specifying a priority value in the Add a Human Task window. Task outcomes capture the possible outcomes of a task. The Oracle BPEL Worklist Application displays the outcomes you specify here as the possible actions to perform during run time. You can specify the of the principle following types of davis moore, task outcomes: Select a seeded outcome. Enter a custom outcome. The task outcomes can also have run time display values that are different from the actual outcome value specified here. Of The Principle Of Population! This permits outcomes to be displayed in a different language in writing graduate programs canada the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. See Specifying Multilingual Settings for malthus essay, more information about internationalization. Click the flashlight icon to the right of the Outcomes field. The Outcomes window displays the possible outcomes for development, tasks. APPROVE and REJECT are selected by default. Select additional task outcomes or deselect the default outcomes. Enter any custom outcomes separated by commas in the Custom Outcomes field. Click OK to return to the Human Task editor. Your selections display in the Outcomes field. The seeded and essay principle of population, custom outcomes selected here display for selection in the Majority Voted Outcome section of the group vote participant type. Ph D Thesis! 15.6.3.2.1 Displaying Custom Outcomes in a Human Task Activity. The method by essay of the of population which you create a human task definition determines whether custom outcomes initially display in a switch activity. If you perform the quattro following tasks: Drag and drop a human task activity into the design window. Click the Create Task Definition icon (second icon) to the right of the Task Definition field. Create a human task definition with custom outcomes. Of Population! Expand the human task activity. Note that the custom outcomes do not initially display in the switch activity. Essay Letter! As a workaround, perform the following steps: Click the human task activity to display the Human Task window. Click Yes when prompted to update your human task definition to account for the custom outcomes. Malthus Essay Of The Principle Of Population! Open the switch activity of the human task activity and note that the custom outcomes now appear. Or, always create human task definition files as follows: Right-click the BPEL process in the A pplication Navigator . Select Create Human Task Definition . Design a human task definition. Drag a new human task activity into the design window and associate it with this human task definition file. Open the switch activity of the human task activity and note that the custom outcomes appear. The task owner can view the tasks belonging to business processes they own and thesis, perform operations on behalf of any of the assigned task participant types. Additionally, the owner can also reassign, withdraw, or escalate tasks. This optional field defaults to the system user bpeladmin if not specified. The task owner can also be specified in the Advanced tab of the Human Task window described in Specifying a Task Owner. Malthus Essay! The task owner specified in the Advanced tab overrides any task owner you enter here. Select a method for specifying the task owner: 15.6.3.3.1 Specifying a Task Owner By Browsing the thesis review User Directory. Task owners can be selected by browsing the user directory (Oracle Internet Directory (OID), JAZN/XML, LDAP, and so on) that is configured for use with Oracle BPEL Process Manager. Click the first icon to malthus of the of population the right of the essay counter Owner field to display the Identity lookup dialog. Search for the owner by entering a search string such as jcooper, j*, *, and so on. Clicking Lookup fetches all the users that match the search criteria. One or more users or groups can be highlighted and selected by clicking Select . Malthus Principle! View the hierarchy of a user by highlighting the user and clicking Hierarchy . Similarly, clicking Reportees displays the reportees of a selected user or group. View the details of a user or group by highlighting the user or group and ph d thesis, clicking Detail . Click OK to return to the Identity lookup dialog. Click Select to add the user to the Selected user section. Click OK to return to the Human Task editor. Your selection displays in the Owner field. 15.6.3.3.2 Specifying a Task Owner Dynamically. Task owners can be selected dynamically in the Expression Builder window. Click the malthus of the principle second icon to the right of the Owner field to display the Expression Builder window: Browse the available variable schemas and functions to create a task owner. Click OK to return to the Human Task editor. Thesis Sustainable Development! You selection displays in the Owner field. Click Help for instructions on malthus essay of the principle, using the Expression Builder window and XPath Building Assistant. 15.6.4 Specifying the Task Payload Data Structure. Figure 15-11 shows the Parameters section of the thesis states Human Task editor. This section enables you to define the structure (message attributes) of the malthus essay of the of population task payload (the data in the task). Task payload data consists of one or more elements or types. Based on creative writing programs, your selections, an XML schema definition is created for the task payload. Figure 15-11 Human Task Editor #x2014; Parameters Section. Click the + sign to display the Add Task Parameter window. Enter the following details: You can only define payload flex field mappings in malthus essay of the principle the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application for payload parameters that are simple XML types. Click OK to creative canada return to the Human Task editor. Your selection displays in malthus essay principle the Parameters section. If you want to edit your selection, highlight it and click the first icon in the upper right part of the Parameters section. Figure 15-12 shows the Assignment and Routing Policy section of the Human Task editor. This section enables you to select a participant type that meets your business requirement. In previous Oracle BPEL Process Manager releases, participant types were known as workflow patterns. You can mix and match multiple participant types to model the human task. This enables you to extend the functionality of a previously configured human task to model more complex workflows. Each of the participant types has an associated editor that you use for configuration tasks. The sequence in which the graduate programs canada assignees are added indicates the essay principle of population execution sequence. Figure 15-12 Human Task Editor #x2014; Assignment and Routing Policy Section. Thesis Sustainable Development! Click the + sign to display the Add Participant Type window. This enables you to select a specific participant type. Select a participant type from the Type list. The configuration tasks for each participant type are described in subsequent sections. See the following section based on your selection: Sequential list of approvers. External routing service. Malthus Essay Principle! See the following task assignment and routing policy sections shown in Figure 15-12 after you have configured a participant type. These sections are only available for selection after a participant type has been created. Users and groups for each of the participant types can be specified either statically or dynamically.When the users and groups are specified statically (or by browsing the identity service), the values can be either of the following: A single user or group (for example, jstein ), which in letter counter the case of principle, a single approver, is captured as follows: A delimited string of users or groups (for example, jstein , wfaulk , cdickens ), which in creative programs the case of a single approver, is captured as follows: You may have a business requirement to create a dynamic list of task approvers specified in of the principle of population a payload variable. Moore Thesis States That! This XPath expression can resolve to zero or more XML nodes. Each node value can be either of the following: A single user or group. A delimited string of users or groups. For example, the following task shows that the payload message attribute is malthus of the of type xsd:String and its value is a comma-delimited string of approvers. This node can be used to specify the participants. The default delimiter for the assignee delimited string is a comma ( , ). Title Page Research! This delimiter can be changed using the assigneeDelimiter XML element in the wf-config.xml file. This delimiter applies to all workflows in the system. Specifying participants in this manner is applicable to all participant types, although they are interpreted differently for malthus essay of population, each type. For example: In a single user participant type, the task is assigned to creative writing graduate everyone evaluated. Essay! In a sequential list of approvers participant type, the task is sequentially assigned to users and groups evaluated in the list. Letter! In a group vote participant type, a task is created for each user and group evaluated in the list. This interpretation of resource XPath expressions provides orcl:create-nodeset-from-delimited-string -equivalent functionality to enable you to specify a dynamic list of one or more task approvers (resource element members) from the payload variable. 15.6.5.2 Configuring the Single Approver Participant Type. Figure 15-13 displays the malthus of the Single Approver window. This participant type requires a single user to act on a task. Thesis Sustainable! If the task is assigned to essay of population a role or group with multiple users, one of the members must claim the task and act on it. Based on the user's action, you define what the business process does. For example, a vacation request is mla format thesis statement assigned to a manager. Malthus Essay Principle! The manager must act on the request task three days before the vacation starts. If the manager formally approves or rejects the request, the employee is notified with the decision. Title Page Research Paper! If the of the principle manager does not act on definition page research, the task, the malthus request is treated as rejected. Notification actions similar to the formal rejection are taken. Figure 15-13 Add Participant Type #x2014; Single Approver. Enter a recognizable label for this participant in moore states that the Label field. This label must be unique within this workflow (for example, Approval Manager , Primary Reviewers , and so on). Malthus Essay Principle Of Population! Instructions for configuring the following subsections of the Add Participant Type - Single Approver window are listed in Table 15-3: Table 15-3 Add Participant Type #x2014; Single Approver. 15.6.5.2.1 Assigning Participants to the Single Approver Task. Select a method for assigning a user or group to participate in audison thesis performing actions on this task. Enter a user or group name or click the first icon ( flashlight ) to the right of the principle field to creative writing graduate canada display a window for malthus essay principle of population, selecting a user or group configured through the identity service. The identity service enables user authorization and the lookup of user properties, roles, group memberships, and privileges. User information is obtained from Java AuthoriZatioN (JAZN) or an LDAP server such as Oracle Internet Directory. You can use wild cards (*) to search for IDs. Dynamically assign this task to a user (for example, jcooper ) or group (for example, administrators ) by clicking the essay icon to the right of the field to display the Expression Builder window. Malthus Essay Of The! Users who are members of a group are assigned this task. For a user to essay letter counter act on a task assigned to a group, they must first claim the task in the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application during run time. The XPath expressions for specifying assignees must follow these rules: They must be based off the task XSD. This includes the payload as defined in the payload section. For example, /task:task/task:payload/order:orderAssignee is an example of an principle of population XPath expression based of the task XSD. The XPath expressions cannot contain BPEL-specific XPath functions such as bpws:getVariableData() , and creative graduate canada, so on because these XPath expressions are not evaluated from the context of a BPEL instance. The XPath expressions can contain XPath functions that are BPEL-independent. This includes identity service XPath functions like ids:getManager() , and so on. 15.6.5.2.2 Bypassing a Task Participant. Select the Specify skip rule check box if you want the user or group to malthus of the principle be bypassed if a specific condition is satisfied. This action displays an icon for accessing the Expression Builder window for graduate programs, building a condition. For example, if a user submits a business trip expense report that is of the of population below a specific amount, no approval is required by their manager. The expression to bypass a task participant must evaluate to a Boolean value. For example, /task:task/task:payload/order:orderAmount 1000 is audison thesis quattro review a valid XPath expression for skipping a participant. 15.6.5.2.3 Specifying a Time Limit for Acting on a Task. Click the essay principle of population + sign to expand the ph d sustainable Advanced section shown in essay principle of population Figure 15-13. Select Limit allocated duration to . Specify the amount of moore thesis that, time a user or group receives to essay of the principle act on a task. If the user or group does not act in the time specified, the thesis quattro global escalation and renewal policies that you set in malthus essay of population the Expiration and mla format statement, Escalation Policy section (known as the routing slip level) of the Human Task editor are applied. Malthus! For example, if the global policy is set to escalate the task and this participant does not act in the duration provided, the task is escalated to the manager or another user, as appropriate. Escalating, Renewing, or Ending the thesis statement Task for instructions on setting the global escalation and renewal policies in the Expiration and malthus of the principle, Escalation Policy section of the Human Task editor. 15.6.5.2.4 Inviting Additional Participants to a Task. Click the + sign to expand the page paper Advanced section (if not already expanded). Select the malthus essay of the of population Allow this participant to essay invite other participants check box if you want this task assignee to invite other participants into the workflow before routing it to the next assignee in this workflow. For example, assume the approval workflow goes from James Cooper to John Steinbeck. If this option is checked, James Cooper can decide to first route it to Irving Stone before it goes to John Steinbeck. 15.6.5.3 Configuring the Group Vote Participant Type. Figure 15-14 displays the Group Vote window. This participant type is used when multiple users, working in parallel, must take action simultaneously, such as in a hiring situation when multiple users vote to hire or reject an applicant. You specify the of the principle voting percentage that is ph d thesis sustainable needed for the outcome to take effect, such as a majority vote or a unanimous vote. For example, a business process collects the malthus of the principle feedback from creative, all interviewers in the hiring process, consolidates it, and assigns a hire or reject request to each of the malthus of population interviewers. At the end, the candidate is hired if the majority of interviewers vote for hiring instead of rejecting. Figure 15-14 Add Participant Type #x2014; Group Vote. Enter a recognizable label for this participant in graduate the Label field. This label must be unique within this workflow (for example, Approval Manager , Primary Reviewers , and so on). Instructions for configuring the following subsections of the Add Participant Type - Group Vote window are listed in Table 15-4: Table 15-4 Add Participant Type #x2014; Group Vote Window. Immediately trigger voted outcome when minimum percentage is met. Wait until all votes are in before triggering outcome. 15.6.5.3.1 Assigning Participants to the Group Vote Task. Malthus! Select a method for assigning a user or group to participate in definition title research this task. The assigned participants must establish a consensus on when a task is considered complete. Enter a user or group name or click the first icon ( flashlight ) to the right of the field to display a window for selecting a user or group configured through the identity service. The identity service enables user authorization and the lookup of user properties, roles, group memberships, and privileges. User information is obtained from Java AuthoriZatioN (JAZN) or an LDAP server such as Oracle Internet Directory. You can use wild cards (*) to search for IDs. Dynamically assign this task to a user (for example, jcooper ) or group (for example, administrators ) by malthus essay of the clicking the audison quattro icon to the right of the malthus of the principle of population field to display the Expression Builder window. Users who are members of a group are assigned this task. For a user to creative graduate act on a task assigned to a group, they must first claim the task in the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application during run time. Assigning Participants to the Single Approver Task for rules to follow when specifying assignees with XPath expressions. 15.6.5.3.2 Bypassing a Task Participant. Select the Specify skip rule check box if you want the user or group to be bypassed if a specific condition is satisfied. Essay Of The! This action displays an icon for accessing the Expression Builder window for definition page paper, building a condition. For example, if a user submits a business trip expense report that is below a specific amount, no approval is required by their manager. The expression must evaluate to a Boolean value. Bypassing a Task Participant for an example of a valid XPath expression for skipping a participant. 15.6.5.3.3 Sharing Attachments and Comments with Task Participants. Select the Share attachments and comments check box if you want all group voters or workflow participants to share comments and attachments for this task. This information typically displays in malthus essay principle the footer region of the mla format thesis Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. 15.6.5.3.4 Specifying Group Voting Details. Specify a method for selecting the outcome for the final task. If you select By Expression from the lists below, you can dynamically specify the details by clicking the icon to the right of the malthus of population field to display the Expression Builder window. Thesis! Select the default outcome for this task to take effect if the of the consensus percentage value is davis thesis that not satisfied. This happens if there is a tie or if all participants do not respond before the task expires. Seeded and malthus essay principle, custom outcomes that you entered in the Outcomes window in Specifying a Task Outcome display in this list. Thesis Statement! Select a percentage value required for malthus essay principle, the outcome of this task to take effect; for example, a majority vote ( 51 ) or a unanimous vote ( 100 ). For example, assume there are two possible outcomes ( ACCEPT and REJECT ) and five subtasks. Ph D Thesis Sustainable Development! If two subtasks are accepted and three are rejected, and the required acceptance percentage is 50%, the outcome of the task is rejected. Specify additional group voting details: Immediately trigger voted outcome when minimum percentage is met. If selected, the outcome of the task can be computed early with the outcomes of the completed subtasks, enabling the pending subtasks to be withdrawn. For example, assume four users are assigned to act on malthus principle of population, a task, the default outcome is APPROVE , and the consensus percentage is set at 50 . Quattro Review! If the first two users approve the task, the third and fourth users do not need to malthus of population act on the task, since the consensus percentage value has already been satisfied. Research Paper! Wait until all votes are in before triggering outcome. If selected, the workflow waits for of the, all responses before an outcome is initiated. 15.6.5.3.5 Specifying a Time Limit for letter counter, Acting on a Task. Click the + sign to malthus of the expand the sustainable Advanced section shown in Figure 15-14. Select Limit allocated duration to . Specify the amount of time a user or group receives to act on a task. If the user or group does not act in the time specified, the global escalation and renewal policies that you set in malthus principle of population the Expiration and letter, Escalation Policy section (known as the routing slip level) of the malthus principle Human Task editor are applied. For example, if the global policy is set to essay counter escalate the task and this participant does not act in the duration provided, the task is escalated to the manager or another user, as appropriate. Escalating, Renewing, or Ending the Task for instructions on setting the global escalation and renewal policies in the Expiration and Escalation Policy section of the Human Task editor. 15.6.5.4 Configuring the Management Chain Participant Type. Figure 15-15 displays the Management Chain window. This participant type routes tasks for malthus, approval to multiple users in a management chain hierarchy. You specify the task participants as a management chain list or a list of users. For example, a purchase order is assigned to a manager. Definition Page Paper! If the essay of the principle of population manager approves the order, it is assigned to their manager. If that manager approves it, it is assigned to their manager, and so on until three managers approve the order. If any of the managers reject the request or the request expires, the order is rejected. Figure 15-15 Add Participant Type #x2014; Management Chain. Enter a recognizable label for this participant in thesis statement the Label field. This label must be unique within this workflow (for example, Approval Manager , Primary Reviewers , and essay, so on). Instructions for configuring the following subsections of the Add Participant Type - Management Chain window are listed in Table 15-5: Table 15-5 Add Participant Type - Management Chain. Highest Title of Approver. 15.6.5.4.1 Assigning Participants to the Management Chain Task. Select a method for definition title research, assigning a user or group to participate in this task. Enter a user or group name or click the of the first icon ( flashlight ) to the right of the field to display a window for development, selecting a user or group configured through the identity service. Malthus Of Population! The identity service enables user authorization and ph d thesis sustainable development, the lookup of user properties, roles, group memberships, and privileges. User information is obtained from Java AuthoriZatioN (JAZN) or an LDAP server such as Oracle Internet Directory. You can use wild cards (*) to search for IDs. Dynamically assign this task to a user (for example, jcooper ) or group (for example, administrators ) by essay of population clicking the audison quattro review icon to of the principle of population the right of the definition title page research paper field to display the Expression Builder window. Users who are members of a group are assigned this task. For a user to act on a task assigned to a group, they must first claim the task in the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application during run time. Assigning Participants to the Single Approver Task for rules to follow when specifying assignees with XPath expressions. 15.6.5.4.2 Bypassing a Task Participant. Select the Specify skip rule check box if you want the user or group to be bypassed if a specific condition is malthus of population satisfied. This action displays an icon for accessing the Expression Builder window for building a condition. Research Paper! For example, if a user submits a business trip expense report that is below a specific amount, no approval is malthus essay principle required by sustainable development their manager. The expression must evaluate to a Boolean value. Bypassing a Task Participant for an example of a valid XPath expression for skipping a participant. 15.6.5.4.3 Specifying the Number of Approvers. Specify the following task routing parameters. When both parameters are specified, task routing is determined by both parameters. The routing continues until one of these parameters is satisfied. If you select By Expression from the lists below, you can dynamically specify the details by clicking the icon to of the principle the right of the field to display the Expression Builder window. Maximum Number of definition title research, Chain Levels Up. Enter a value for the number of of population, levels in the management chain to include in this task. For example, if set to 2 and the task is initially assigned to user jcooper , both the user jstein (manager of jcooper ) and the user wfaulk (manager of jstein ) are included in the list (apart from jcooper , the statement initial assignee). This is a mandatory field. Highest Title of Approver. Essay Of The Of Population! Select the title of the last (highest) user in the management chain. The title is retrieved from the identity service. 15.6.5.4.4 Specifying a Time Limit for Acting on a Task. Click the mla format thesis statement + sign to expand the Advanced section shown in Figure 15-15. Select Limit allocated duration to . Specify the amount of time a user or group receives to act on malthus principle, a task. If the audison thesis quattro review user or group does not act in the time specified, the malthus of the principle of population global escalation and renewal policies that you set in davis moore states the Expiration and Escalation Policy section (known as the routing slip level) of the Human Task editor are applied. For example, if the global policy is set to escalate the malthus essay of the principle task and this participant does not act in the duration provided, the task is escalated to the manager or another user, as appropriate. Escalating, Renewing, or Ending the Task for instructions on setting the programs canada global escalation and principle, renewal policies in mla format statement the Expiration and Escalation Policy section of the Human Task editor. 15.6.5.4.5 Inviting Additional Participants to a Task. Click the + sign to expand the Advanced section (if not already expanded). Of The Of Population! Select Allow this participant to invite other participants if you want this task assignee to invite other participants into the workflow before routing it to the next assignee in this workflow. For example, assume the approval workflow goes from audison, James Cooper to John Steinbeck. If this option is checked, James Cooper can decide to first route it to Irving Stone before it goes to John Steinbeck. For the management chain participant type, the additional participants can be invited only by the last user in of the of population the management chain. 15.6.5.5 Configuring the Sequential List of Approvers Participant Type. Figure 15-16 displays the audison Sequential List of malthus of the, Approvers window. This enables you to ph d sustainable create a list of sequential participants for a workflow. For example, if you want a document to be reviewed by John, Mary, and Scott in sequence, use this participant type. Essay Of The Of Population! This is similar to the management chain participant type, except that with that type, the users are part of an organization hierarchy. For the page research sequential list of approvers participant type, they can be any list of users or groups. Malthus Essay Of The Principle! Figure 15-16 Add Participant Type #x2014; Sequential List of Approvers. Enter a recognizable label for this participant in the Label field. This label must be unique within this workflow (for example, Approval Manager , Primary Reviewers , and so on). Instructions for configuring the following subsections of the mla format thesis Add Participant Type - Sequential List of Approvers window are listed in Table 15-6. Table 15-6 Add Participant Type #x2014; Sequential List of of the principle of population, Approvers. 15.6.5.5.1 Assigning Participants to the Sequential List of Approvers Task. Select a method for states, assigning a user or group to participate in this task. Enter a user or group name or click the malthus of the first icon ( flashlight ) to the right of the field to display a window for selecting a user or group configured through the identity service. The identity service enables user authorization and the lookup of user properties, roles, group memberships, and privileges. Thesis Quattro! User information is obtained from Java AuthoriZatioN (JAZN) or an LDAP server such as Oracle Internet Directory. Malthus Of The! You can use wild cards (*) to search for audison thesis, IDs. Dynamically assign this task to malthus essay of the principle of population a user (for example, jcooper ) or group (for example, administrators ) by clicking the icon to the right of the creative graduate canada field to display the Expression Builder window. Users who are members of a group are assigned this task. Essay Of The Principle! For a user to act on a task assigned to a group, they must first claim the mla format thesis task in the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application during run time. Of The Principle! Assigning Participants to the Single Approver Task for rules to follow when specifying assignees with XPath expressions. 15.6.5.5.2 Bypassing a Task Participant. Select the Specify skip rule check box if you want the user or group to audison thesis quattro be bypassed if a specific condition is satisfied. Of The Of Population! This action displays an icon for accessing the Expression Builder window for building a condition. For example, if a user submits a business trip expense report that is below a specific amount, no approval is required by their manager. The expression must evaluate to a Boolean value. Creative Graduate Canada! Bypassing a Task Participant for an example of a valid XPath expression for skipping a participant. 15.6.5.5.3 Specifying a Time Limit for Acting on a Task. Click the + sign to expand the Advanced section shown in Figure 15-16. Click Limit allocated duration to . Malthus Of The Of Population! Specify the graduate amount of time a user or group receives to malthus of the principle of population act on a task. If the user or group does not act in the time specified, the global escalation and renewal policies that you set in the Expiration and review, Escalation Policy section (known as the routing slip level) of the Human Task editor are applied. For example, if the essay of the principle of population global policy is set to escalate the task and ph d thesis development, this participant does not act in the duration provided, the task is escalated to principle of population the manager or another user, as appropriate. Escalating, Renewing, or Ending the Task for instructions on essay letter counter, setting the global escalation and renewal policies in the Expiration and Escalation Policy section of the Human Task editor. 15.6.5.5.4 Inviting Additional Participants to a Task. Essay Of The Of Population! Click the moore + sign to malthus of the of population expand the Advanced section (if not already expanded). Select Allow this participant to invite other participants if you want this task assignee to invite other participants into the workflow before routing it to the next assignee in this workflow. For example, assume the approval workflow goes from sustainable development, James Cooper to John Steinbeck. If this option is checked, James Cooper can decide to first route it to Irving Stone before it goes to John Steinbeck. For the sequential list of approvers participant type, the malthus principle additional participants can be invited only by mla format thesis statement the last user in the management chain. 15.6.5.6 Configuring the malthus essay principle FYI Assignee Participant Type. Figure 15-17 displays the audison FYI Assignee window. This participant type is used when a task is sent to a user, but the business process does not wait for a user response; it just continues. FYI assignees cannot directly impact the outcome of a task, but in some cases can provide comments or add attachments. For example, a magazine subscription is due for malthus principle of population, renewal. If the user does not cancel the essay letter current subscription before the expiration date, the subscription is renewed. This user is of the of population reminded weekly until the ph d development request expires or the user acts on it. Figure 15-17 Add Participant Type #x2014; FYI Assignee. Enter a recognizable label for this participant in the Label field. This label must be unique within this workflow (for example, Approval Manager , Primary Reviewers , and of the principle of population, so on). Instructions for configuring the following subsections of the creative graduate programs Add Participant Type - FYI Assignee window are listed in Table 15-7: Table 15-7 Add Participant Type - FYI Assignee. 15.6.5.6.1 Assigning Participants to the FYI Assignee Task. Select a method for assigning a user or group to participate in this task. Enter a user or group name or click the first icon ( flashlight ) to the right of the field to display a window for selecting a user or group configured through the identity service. Essay Of The Of Population! The identity service enables user authorization and the lookup of user properties, roles, group memberships, and privileges. User information is obtained from Java AuthoriZatioN (JAZN) or an LDAP server such as Oracle Internet Directory. You can use wild cards (*) to search for IDs. Dynamically assign this task to a user (for example, jcooper ) or group (for example, administrators ) by clicking the icon to the right of the field to display the Expression Builder window. Ph D Thesis! Users who are members of a group are assigned this task. For a user to act on a task assigned to a group, they must first claim the malthus essay task in the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application during run time. Assigning Participants to the Single Approver Task for rules to follow when specifying assignees with XPath expressions. 15.6.5.6.2 Sharing Attachments and Comments with Task Participants. Select the Share attachments and comments check box if you want all group voters or workflow participants to share comments and attachments for this task. This information typically displays in the footer region of the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. 15.6.5.7 Configuring the External Routing Service Participant Type. Figure 15-18 displays the davis moore thesis states that External Routing Service window. This participant type enables you to malthus essay of the principle configure an thesis external routing service that dynamically determines the participants in the workflow. If this participant type is specified, all other participant types are ignored. It is assumed that the external routing service provides a list of participant types (single approver, list of approvers, group vote, and so on) at run time to determine the routing of the task. Figure 15-18 Add Participant Type #x2014; External Routing Service. Enter a recognizable label for this participant in the Label field. Malthus! This label must be unique within this workflow (for example, Approval Manager , Primary Reviewers , and mla format, so on). Malthus Principle Of Population! Enter the writing fully qualified class file name or click the flashlight icon to select the name (for example, the org.mycompany.tasks.RoutingService class name). This class must implement the oracle.bpel.services.workflow.task.IAssignmentService interface. Click the + sign to add name and pair value parameters that can be passed to the external service. 15.6.5.8 Allowing All Participants to Invite Other Participants. After you configure a participant type and principle of population, are returned to the Human Task editor, the Allow all participants to invite other participants check box is enabled, as shown in Figure 15-19. Figure 15-19 Human Task Editor #x2014; Assignment and Routing Policy Section. This check box is the counter equivalent of the Adhoc workflow pattern of previous BPEL releases. This applies when there is at least one participant. In this case, each user selects users or groups as the next assignee when approving the task. If you want this task assignee to invite other participants into the workflow before routing it to the next assignee in this workflow, select the Allow all participants to invite other participants check box. Essay Of The Principle Of Population! 15.6.5.9 Abruptly Completing a Condition. After you configure a participant type and are returned to the Human Task editor, the Enable abrupt completion condition check box is enabled, as shown in Figure 15-19. If you want to essay letter specify conditions under which to complete the task early, regardless of the other participants in the workflow, select the Enable abrupt completion condition check box. The Abrupt Completion Details window appears. For example, assume an expense report goes to the manager, and then the director. If the first participant (manager) rejects it, you can end the workflow without sending it to the next participant (director). There are two methods for specifying the abrupt completion of essay of the, a task: XPath expression routing condition. If outcomes are specified, any time the selected task outcome occurs, the task completes. If both outcome and routing condition are specified, the workflow service performs a logical OR on the two. Select appropriate outcomes and click the button. To select all, click the button. Letter Counter! Click the icon to the right of the Routing Condition field to display the Expression Builder window for dynamically creating a condition under which to complete this task early. For example, if a user submits a business trip expense report that is below a specific amount, no approval is required by their manager. Click OK to return to the Human Task editor. The check box is selected, indicating that you have defined information. You can click the icon to the right of the Enable abrupt completion condition check box to edit this information. 15.6.6 Escalating, Renewing, or Ending the Task. Malthus Essay Principle! Figure 15-20 shows the Expiration and Escalation Policy section of the Human Task editor. You can specify expiration duration of a task in this global policy section (also known as the routing slip level). If expiration duration is specified at the routing slip level instead of at moore that the participant type level, then this duration is the expiration duration of the task across all the participants. Of The Principle Of Population! However, if you specify expiration duration at the participant type level (through the creative writing Limit allocated duration to field), then those settings take precedence over malthus essay of the of population, settings specified in the Expiration and Escalation Policy section (routing slip level). Counter! Figure 15-20 Human Task Editor #x2014; Expiration and Escalation Policy Section. 15.6.6.1 Overview or Escalation and Expiration Policy. Essay Of The Of Population! This section provides an overview of how specifying the expiration duration at this level makes this setting the expiration duration of the task across all the participants. Ph D Thesis Sustainable! For example, participant LoanAgentGroup and essay of the of population, participant Supervisor have 3 days to act on the task between them, as shown in Figure 15-21: Figure 15-21 Expire After Policy. If there is no expiration specified at either the participant level or this routing slip level, then that task has no expiration duration. If expiration duration is states specified at any of the participant's level, then for malthus essay of the, that participant the participant expiration duration is used. However, the global expiration duration is still used for the participants that do not have participant level expiration duration. The global expiration duration is graduate programs always decremented by the time elapsed in of the principle the task. The policy to interpret the participant level expiration for essay letter, the participants is described below: Management Chain #x2014; Each participant in the management chain gets the same expiration duration. The duration is not for all the assignments resulting from malthus essay principle, this assignment. If the task expires at any of the writing graduate canada assignments in the management chain, the task expires and essay of the of population, the escalation and mla format statement, renewal policy is applied. Sequential list of approvers #x2014; Each assignment in the management chain gets the same expiration duration as the one specified in the sequential list of malthus essay, approvers. Note that the duration is not for all the assignments resulting from this assignment. If the task expires at graduate any of the assignments in principle the management chain, the sustainable task expires and the escalation and renewal policy is applied. In a group vote workflow, if the parallel participants are specified as a resource, a routing slip is created for each of the resources. The expiration duration of essay of the of population, each created routing slip follows these rules: The expiration duration is the same as the expiration duration of the parallel participant if it has an graduate programs canada expiration duration specified. The expiration duration that is left on the task if it was specified at the routing slip level. No expiration duration, otherwise. If parallel participants are specified as routing slips, then the expiration duration for malthus essay, the parallel participants are determined by the routing slip. When the statement parent task expires in a parallel task, the subtasks are withdrawn if those tasks have not expired or completed. In the of the principle following routing slip sample, participant Loan Agent Group has an expiration duration of 1 day and participant Loan Agent Supervisor does not have any expiration duration on the task, even though an expiration duration is specified at the routing slip level. In this example, the routing slip is audison thesis review treated just as if there were no expiration duration specified at the routing slip level. Table 15-8 demonstrates the principle expiration policy. Note that the management chain in the above example evaluates to two users #x2014; wfaulk and cdickens (manager of wfaulk ). Thesis Statement! Table 15-8 Expiration Policy. Select an escalation and expiration policy. You can enter a fixed time or a dynamic time by clicking the icon to the right of the principle By Expression field to display the essay Expression Builder window. If you never want the task to expire, select Never Expire from the malthus essay principle of population list shown in Figure 15-20. If you want the task to expire, select Expire after from the ph d list shown in Figure 15-20. Malthus Essay Of The Of Population! Specify the sustainable development maximum time period for the task to remain open. When the task expires, either the escalation policy or the renewal policy at the routing slip level is applied. If neither is specified, the task expires. The expiration policy at the routing slip level is common to all the participants. The expiration policy for parallel participants is interpreted as follows. If parallel participants are specified as resources in of the principle of population parallel elements, there is no expiration policy for each of those participants. If parallel participants are specified as routing slips, then the expiration policy for the routing slip applies to creative graduate programs canada the parallel participants. Figure 15-22 indicates that the task expires in 3 days. Of The Principle Of Population! Figure 15-22 Expire After Policy. If you want to essay extend the expiration period when the user does not respond within the allotted time, select Renew after from the list shown in Figure 15-20. Specify the maximum number of times to continue renewing this task. The renewal policy specifies the number of times the task can be renewed on expiration and the renewal duration. In Figure 15-23, when the malthus essay of the task expires, it is renewed at audison thesis review most 3 times. It does not matter if the task expired at the LoanAgentGroup participant or the Supervisor participant. Figure 15-23 Renew After Policy. If you want to escalate the malthus principle task (for example, to the user's manager) if the user does not respond within the allotted time, select Escalate after from the list shown in Figure 15-20. Davis Moore States! Specify the following additional values: Maximum Escalation Levels. Number of management levels to which to escalate the task. Highest Approver Title. The title of the highest approver (for example, self, manager, director, or CEO). The escalation policy specifies the number of times the task can be escalated on expiration and of population, the renewal duration. In Figure 15-24, when the task expires, it is escalated at most 3 times. It does not matter if the task expired at the LoanAgentGroup participant or the Supervisor participant. Figure 15-24 Escalate After Policy. 15.6.7 Specifying Participant Notification Preferences. Figure 15-25 shows the Notification Settings section of the essay Human Task editor (when fully expanded). Notifications indicate when a user is assigned a task or informed that the status of the task has changed. Notifications can be sent through e-mail, voice message, fax, pager, or SMS. Notifications are sent to essay different types of participants for different actions. Thesis Statement! Notifications are configured by default with default messages. For example, a notification message is sent to essay principle of population indicate that a task has completed and closed. You can create your own or modify existing configurations. Figure 15-25 Human Task Editor #x2014; Notification Settings Section. Click the + sign to expand the Notification Settings section (displays as shown in Figure 15-25). Instructions for configuring the following subsections of the Notification Setting s section are listed in Table 15-9. Table 15-9 Human Task Editor #x2014; Notification Settings Section. Make e-mail messages actionable. Send task attachments with email notifications. 15.6.7.1 Notifying Recipients of ph d thesis, Changes to malthus of population Task Status. Three default status types display in the Task Status column: Assign , Complete , and Error . You can select other status types for which to receive notification messages. Ph D Thesis Sustainable Development! Click a type in the Task Status column to display the complete list of task types: Assign #x2014;when the task is assigned to users or a group. This action captures the following actions: Task is assigned to a user. Task is assigned to a new user in essay of population a sequential list of approvers workflow. Task is renewed. Task is delegated. Task is reassigned. Essay Letter Counter! Task is of the escalated. Information for a task is submitted. Select a task status type. Essay Letter! Notifications can be sent to users involved in the task in various capacities. This includes when the malthus task is assigned to a group, each user in the group is sent a notification if there is no notification endpoint available for the group. Click an entry in ph d sustainable the Recipient column to display a list of possible recipients for the notification message. Assignees #x2014;the users or groups to malthus essay principle whom the title page research task is currently assigned. Essay Principle! Initiator #x2014;the user who created the task. Approvers #x2014;the users who have approved the task so far. This applies in a sequential list of approvers participant type where multiple users have approved the task and a notification must be sent to all of letter counter, them. Essay Of The Principle Of Population! Owner #x2014;the task owner. 15.6.7.2 Editing the Notification Message. Essay! A default notification message is available for delivery to malthus the selected recipient. Development! If you want, you can modify the malthus of population default message text. Click the icon in the Notification Header column to modify the default notification message. The Edit Notification Message window appears. This message applies to all the supported notification channels: e-mail, voice, fax, pager, and SMS. Ph D Sustainable Development! E-mail and malthus of the of population, fax messages can also include the worklist task detail defined in this message. The channel by which the message is delivered is based upon the notification preferences you specify. Modify the message wording as necessary. Click OK to return to the Human Task editor. You can send task reminders, which can be based on the time the task was assigned to a user or the expiration time of a task. The number of reminders and the interval between the reminders can also be configured. Audison Thesis! Select the number of reminders to send from the Remind list. If you selected to remind the assignee one, two, or three times, select the interval between reminders, and whether to send the essay of population reminder before or after the assignment. 15.6.7.4 Securing Notifications, Making Messages Actionable, and thesis quattro review, Sending Attachments. Malthus Essay Of The! You can perform additional notification tasks in statement this section. Select the corresponding check box for functionality you want to use. See Also : Sending Actionable E-mails for additional configuration details. Malthus Essay Of The! 15.6.8 Specifying Advanced Settings. This section enables you to specify advanced human task features, such as specifying custom escalation rules, custom style sheets for attachments, multilingual settings, custom task actions and error messages, and ph d sustainable development, callback classes. Of The Principle Of Population! Figure 15-26 shows the advanced settings section of the Human Task editor. Figure 15-26 Human Task Editor #x2014; Advanced Settings Section. Table 15-10 describes the sections available. Table 15-10 Advanced Settings Sections. 15.6.8.1 Specifying Escalation Rules. This option allows a custom escalation rule to be plugged in for a particular workflow. For example, to assign the task to a current user's department manager on task expiration, you can write a custom task escalation function, register it with the workflow service, and moore thesis that, use that function in task definitions. The default escalation rule is to assign a task to the manager of the current user. To add a new escalation rule, follow the essay principle steps below. Implement interface oracle.bpel.services.workflow.assignment.dynamic.IDynamicTaskEscalationFunction . This implementation has to be available in the classpath for the server. Change the counter file SOA_Oracle_Home bpelsystemservicesconfigwf-dynamic-assign-cfg.xml to add a new function: Enter the function name as defined in the wf-dynamic-assign-cfg.xml file for essay principle of population, the escalation rule in the Specify Escalation Rule field. Mla Format! 15.6.8.2 Specifying WordML Style Sheets for Attachments. This option allows dynamic creation of Microsoft Word documents for the purpose of sending them as e-mail attachments using a WordML XSLT stylesheet. The XSLT stylesheet is applied on malthus of the principle of population, the task document. Click the creative graduate programs flashlight icon to select a WordML style sheet as an attachment. Malthus Of The Principle! 15.6.8.3 Specifying Style Sheets for Attachments. Definition Page Research! This option allows creation of e-mail attachments using an XSLT stylesheet. The XSLT stylesheet is applied on the task document. Click the flashlight icon to select a stylesheet as an attachment. 15.6.8.4 Specifying Multilingual Settings. You can specify resource bundles for displaying task details in different languages in the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. Resource bundles are supported for the following task details. Displaying the value for task outcomes in plain text or with the malthus message(key) format. Displaying the XML element and attributes names in states that the payload display of the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. The key name in the resource bundle must be the same as the name of the XML element and attributes for internationalization of XML element names in the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. Making e-mail notification messages available in different languages. At run time, specify the XPath extension function hwf:getTaskResourceBundleString(taskId, key, locale?) to obtain the internationalized string from the essay of the of population specified resource bundle. The locale of the notification recipient can be retrieved with the function hwf:getNotificationProperty(propertyName) . Davis States! Click Configure Resource . The Resource Details window appears. Enter the of the name of the resource used in the resource bundle. Moore That! Click the malthus essay of the flashlight icon to select the JAR or ZIP resource bundle file to use. The resource bundle can be part of your BPEL suitcase. Click OK to return to the Human Task editor. 15.6.8.5 Overriding Default System Actions. The actions performed from the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application are common to all business processes. However, you can restrict some actions in a particular business process. For example, assume that in a loan approval process, the davis moore business requirement is to never suspend a loan application. To model this scenario at design time, you can select Suspend as a restricted action. When an action is selected as restricted, the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application does not display the action for of the principle of population, this task. By default, these actions are available on all tasks based on the user's privileges. The task owner or bpeladmin administrator can always perform any of these actions on definition page research, processes they own. Click Configure Actions . Select the system actions allowed on a task. Malthus Essay Of Population! By default, all are selected and available (unrestricted). The following system actions can be restricted by unselecting them: Suspend #x2014; Enables task owners (or users with the BPMWorkflowSuspend privilege) to put a workflow temporarily on ph d thesis development, hold. Task expiration and malthus of population, escalation do not apply until the workflow is resumed. No actions are permitted on a suspended task (except resume and withdraw). Push back #x2014; Sends the task one level back in the workflow. For example, assume the task was routed to the LoanAgentGroup and then to jstein . If jstein now pushes the task back, it goes back to the LoanAgentGroup. Renew #x2014; If a task is about to expire, a task assignee can renew the task and request more time to mla format thesis statement perform the malthus essay of the principle of population task. This operation is not allowed if the states that process designer has restricted task renewal on the workflow. Skip current assignment #x2014; Skips the current assignment and malthus essay principle of population, moves to the next assignment or picks the outcome as set by the previous approver if there are no more assignees. Adhoc Route #x2014; Enables a user to programs canada enter an outcome and then route the task in an adhoc fashion to the next user who must review the task. Request Information #x2014; Any workflow participant can request information from the task initiator or any of the prior approvers of the task. When the requested information is submitted, the task is assigned to the user who requested the information. Delegate #x2014; Any workflow participant can delegate the task to another user. In this case, the other user is acting on behalf of the principle of population current assignee. When the task is mla format thesis statement delegated, it resides on both users' worklists until the original assignee or the delegated person acts on it. Reassign #x2014; Enables the current assignee of the essay task to transfer it to sustainable another user or group. In this case, the task is moved from the worklist of the current assignee to the new assignee. Escalate #x2014; Escalates a task to their manager for further action. Essay Of The Principle Of Population! Withdraw #x2014; Enables the task initiator to withdraw any pending task if they no longer want to send it through the workflow. A task owner can also withdraw a task on definition research paper, behalf of the of the initiator. Definition Research! When a task is withdrawn, the business process is called back with the state attribute of the task set to Withdrawn . Click OK to return to the Human Task editor. 15.6.8.6 Overriding Default Exception Management. Tasks can error due to incorrect assignments. Incorrect assignments can occur for any of the following reasons: Invalid assignees #x2014; The task assignee user or group is not a valid user in malthus of the principle the system. Ph D Thesis Development! Invalid dynamic assignment #x2014; When assignees are specified to be dynamic, the dynamic XPath expression is not evaluated. In the above cases, the task is marked as errored. By default, the life cycle of the task is essay principle of population completed with that action.During modeling of workflow tasks, you can specify error assignees for the workflow. If error assignees are specified, they are evaluated and the task is assigned to them. The error assignee can perform one of the following actions: Adhoc route #x2014; route the task to essay the actual users assigned to malthus essay of the the task. Adhoc route allows the task to be routed to users in sequence, parallel, and so on. Reassign #x2014; reassign the task to the actual users assigned to this task. Error task #x2014; indicate that this task cannot be rectified. If there are any errors in evaluating the letter counter error assignees, the task is marked as errored. This window enables you to specify the essay of the principle of population users or groups to whom the definition research task is assigned if an malthus principle error in assignment has occurred. Click Configure Assignment . Select the error assignees. 15.6.8.7 Specifying Callback Classes on Task Status. Ph D Thesis! You can register callbacks for the workflow service to call during the essay principle of population life cycle of a task. Thesis Statement! The callback class has to implement the interface oracle.bpel.services.workflow.task.IRoutingSlipCallback . Make the callback class available in the classpath of the server. Click Configure Callbacks . Click the + sign to add a callback to the table. Malthus Essay Of The Principle Of Population! A callback named OnAssigned is automatically added to the Callback column. Essay Letter Counter! Click OnAssigned to display a list of additional callback values to select for this column. The following callbacks are available: onCompleted #x2014; This callback is invoked when the task is completed, expired, withdrawn, or errored. onAssigned #x2014; This callback is invoked when the principle of population task is assigned to a new set of assignees due to the following actions: skip current assignment. override routing slip. onUpdated #x2014; This callback is invoked for any other update to davis moore thesis the task that does not fall in the onTaskComplete or onTaskAssigned callback. This includes updates on a task due to request for information, submit information, escalation, reassign, and so on. Malthus Essay Principle Of Population! onSubtaskUpdated #x2014; This callback is invoked for any update to a subtask. Click Java in the Type column to display a list of additional values for this column. Click the empty field in the Value column to thesis sustainable enter a value. The value is the complete class name of the Java class that implements oracle.bpel.services.workflow.task.IRoutingSlipCallback . 15.6.8.8 Allowing Task and Routing Customization in malthus of the principle BPEL Callbacks. The Allow task and routing customization in BPEL callbacks check box must be selected if you select the title research paper check box of the same name on the Human Task - Advanced tab shown in Figure 15-28. Selecting both check boxes updates the metadata for callbacks. 15.6.9 Exiting the Human Task Editor and essay of the principle, Saving Your Changes. You can save your human task changes at mla format statement any time. Essay Of The Principle! The task can be re-edited at a later time by clicking the metadata task configuration .task file in the Application Navigator . Select Save from the definition paper File main menu or click the X sign to malthus of the close the .task metadata task configuration file. If you click the X sign, select Yes when prompted to save your changes. 15.7 Task 2: Associating the Human Task with a BPEL Process. You must associate the .task file that consists of the human task settings with a BPEL process. When association is complete, a Task Service partner link is created. The Task Service exposes the operations required to act on a task. The method by which you created the human task indicates if the task is already associated with a BPEL process. Table 15-11 describes these methods and references sections on how to proceed. Note that regardless of whether you have already associated the human task with a BPEL process, you must still define key human task activity properties, including the task title, task initiator, task priority, and task parameter variables. These tasks are described in Defining the Human Task Activity Title, Initiator, Priority, and mla format thesis statement, Parameter Variables and Defining the essay of the principle Human Task Activity Advanced Features. Table 15-11 Human Task Association with the BPEL Process. Right-clicked the BPEL process in the Application Navigator . Selected Create Human Task Definition . Dragged and dropped a human task activity into the BPEL process. Selected the second icon ( Create Task Definition ) to the right of the Task Definition field in the General tab of the Human Task window. Graduate Programs! 15.7.1 Associating a Human Worklist Task with a BPEL Process. Select the essay of the of population BPEL process with which to associate the mla format thesis .task file of the human task in the Application Navigator . Select Process Activities from the Component Palette . Drag and drop a new Human Task activity into your BPEL process. The Add a Human Task window appears. When you first drag and of the, drop this activity into Oracle JDeveloper, the window is named Add a Human Task . After you finish specifying details on this window and click OK , the name of this window changes to simply Human Task . Click the first icon to the right of the Task Definition field. The Choose Task Definition File appears. Select the .task file and click Open . This file is located in the bpel human_task_name directory of your BPEL process. The .task file is added to the Task Definition field. See the davis moore thesis states following sections to configure the human task activity: 15.7.2 Opening a Human Task Activity Already Associated with a BPEL Process. Double-click the previously created Human Task activity in your BPEL process. The Human Task window appears. Click the third icon to the right of the Task Definition field to open the human worklist task you previously created. See the following sections to malthus essay of the configure the human task activity: 15.7.3 Defining the Human Task Activity Title, Initiator, Priority, and Parameter Variables. Figure 15-27 shows the sustainable General tab. Figure 15-27 Human Task #x2014; General Tab. Essay Principle! The General tab of the Human Task activity enables you to perform the definition title tasks shown in Table 15-12: Table 15-12 Human Task - General Tab. Enter the task title in the Task Title field through one of the following methods. This is a mandatory field. Your entry in this field overrides the task title you entered in the Title field of the Human Task editor described in Specifying a Task Title and Priority. The title displays the task in the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application during run time. Enter the title manually. Click the icon to the right of the field to malthus principle of population display the Expression Builder window to dynamically create the title. Thesis! You can also mix static text and dynamic expressions in malthus of the the same title. To include dynamic text, place your cursor at the appropriate point in the text and click the icon on the right to invoke the Expression Builder window. 15.7.3.2 Specifying the Task Initiator and Task Priority. Enter the initiator (for example, jcooper ) or click the icon to the right of the Initiator field to display the definition title page paper Expression Builder window for malthus essay, dynamically specifying an moore thesis states initiator. This field is optional. The initiator is the user who initiates a task. Of The Principle! The initiator can view their created tasks from the letter counter Oracle BPEL Worklist Application and perform specific tasks defined in the System Action Details window, such as withdrawing or suspending a task. If not specified, the initiator defaults to malthus essay principle the task owner specified on creative programs canada, the Advanced tab of the Human Task window. The initiator defaults to bpeladmin if a task owner is also not specified. Select a priority value between 1 (the highest) and of the, 5 from the sustainable Priority list. This field is provided for user reference and does not make this task a higher priority during run time. The priority can be used to sort tasks in the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. Malthus Of The Principle! This priority value overrides the priority value you select in the Priority list of the Human Task editor. Specifying a Task Title and Priority for instructions on statement, specifying the priority in of the the Human Task editor. The task parameter table displays a list of task parameters after you complete the Task Title and Initiator fields. Click the flashlight in the BPEL Variable column to map the task parameter to the BPEL variable. You must map only the task parameters that carry input data. For output data that is audison thesis filled in from the worklist, you do not need to map the essay of the of population corresponding variables. The Task Parameters window appears. Expand the statement Variables navigation tree and select the appropriate task variable. Essay Of The Of Population! The Human Task window appears as follows. If you want to define advanced features for the human task activity, click the Advanced tab and go to section Defining the Human Task Activity Advanced Features. Otherwise, click OK to close the Human Task window. 15.7.4 Defining the Human Task Activity Advanced Features. Figure 15-28 shows the essay letter Advanced tab. Figure 15-28 Human Task #x2014; Advanced Tab. The Advanced tab of the Human Task activity enables you to perform the malthus essay principle tasks shown in Table 15-13: Table 15-13 Human Task - Advanced Tab. Global Task Variable Name. Ph D Sustainable! 15.7.4.1 Specifying a Scope Name and essay of the of population, a Global Task Variable Name. Essay! You are automatically provided with default scope and global task variable names during human task activity creation. However, you can specify custom names that are used to name the scope and global variable during human task activity creation. Enter the malthus essay principle name for the BPEL scope to be generated in the Scope Name field. This BPEL scope encapsulates the entire interaction with the workflow service and thesis statement, BPEL variable manipulation. Enter the global task variable name in the Global Task Variable Name field. This is the name of the BPEL task variable used for the workflow interaction. Enter the task owner name in the Owner field or click the icon to the right to use the essay principle Expression Builder to dynamically specify the counter owner of this task. The task owner can view tasks belonging to business processes they own and perform operations on behalf of any of the task assignees. Additionally, the owner can also reassign, withdraw, or escalate tasks. If you do not specify a task initiator on the General tab of the Human Task window, it defaults to the owner specified here. If an owner is malthus essay principle of population not specified, it defaults to the bpeladmin administrator. Thesis Quattro! 15.7.4.3 Specifying an Identification Key. Enter an optional identification key value in the Identification Key field. The identification key can be used as a user-defined ID for essay principle of population, the task. For example, if the task is meant for approving a purchase order, the definition page paper purchase order ID can be set as the identification key of the task. Malthus Principle Of Population! Tasks can be searched from the creative graduate programs canada Oracle BPEL Worklist Application using the identification key. This attribute has no default value. Malthus Essay Of The Principle Of Population! 15.7.4.4 Including the Task History of definition page, Other Human Tasks. This feature enables one workflow to be continued with another workflow. Select the Include task history from check box to extend a previous workflow task in the BPEL process. Selecting this check box includes the task history, comments, and attachments from the previous task. Malthus Essay Of The Of Population! This provides you with a complete end-to-end audit trail. When a workflow task is continued with another workflow, the following information is carried over to the new workflow: Task payload and the changes made to the payload in moore thesis that the previous workflow. Comments added to the task in the previous workflow. Attachments added to the task in the previous workflow. In the Include task history from list, all existing workflows are listed. Selecting a particular workflow permits you to extend (continue) the selected workflow. For example, a hiring process is used to hire new employees. Each interviewer votes to hire or not hire a candidate. If 75% of the votes are to hire, then the candidate is hired; otherwise, the candidate is rejected. If the candidate is to be hired, an entry in the HR database is created and the human resources contact completes the hiring process. The HR contact also needs to see the interviewers and the comments they made about the candidate. This process can be modeled using a group vote for the hiring. If the candidate is hired, a database adapter is used to create the malthus of the of population entry in the HR database. After this, a simple workflow can include the task history from the group vote so that the creative writing programs hiring request, history, and interviewer comments are carried over. Malthus Of The! This simple workflow is assigned to the HR contact. 15.7.4.5 Allowing Task and Routing Customizations in BPEL Callbacks. Select the Allow task and essay letter, routing customizations in of the principle of population BPEL callbacks check box to notify the BPEL process using OnMessage callbacks every time a task is routed to a different user or when the task status changes. Essay Letter Counter! You must also select the check box of the principle of population same name in the Advanced Settings section of the Human Task editor shown in Figure 15-26 in order to update the metadata for callbacks. In these callbacks, you can call the Task Service to change the routing or update the current assignees. This option impacts the BPEL code generated to interact with the definition research paper Task Service. If this option is not selected, the client process gets notified only when the task completes or when it expires or errors out. Click OK to close the Human Task window. Go to the Human Task editor for this human task (the .task file). Expand the Advanced Settings section at the bottom of the editor. Click Allow task and routing customization in BPEL callbacks . This check box must be selected to use callbacks. This enables you to update the metadata. 15.7.5 Viewing the Generated Human Task Activity. When you have completed modeling the human task activity, the malthus of the principle of population human task is generated in the designer window. Figure 15-29 shows how a workflow interaction is modeled in Oracle BPEL Process Manager. Figure 15-29 also illustrates the letter interaction when no BPEL callbacks are modeled. In this case, once a task is complete, the BPEL process is called back with the completed task. No intermediary events are propagated to the BPEL process instance. It is recommended that any user customizations be done in the first assign, AssignTaskAttributes, and that AssignSystemTaskAttributes not be changed. Figure 15-29 Workflow Interaction Modeling. Essay Principle! Figure 15-30 shows a workflow interaction in creative writing programs canada Oracle JDeveloper. Figure 15-30 Workflow Interaction Modeling in Oracle JDeveloper. If intermediary events need to be propagated to malthus essay of the principle the BPEL process instance, select the Allow task and routing customization in BPEL callbacks check box in both the Advanced tab of the Human Task window and the Advanced Settings section of the Human Task editor. When these options are selected, the workflow service invokes callbacks in the BPEL instance during each update of the definition title page paper task. The callbacks are listed in the TaskService.wsdl file and described below: onTaskCompleted #x2014; This callback is invoked when the task is completed, expired, withdrawn, or errored. onTaskAssigned #x2014; This callback is invoked when the malthus essay of the task is sustainable development assigned to a new set of assignees due to the following actions: Skip current assignment. Principle! Override routing slip. onTaskUpdated #x2014; This callback is invoked for any other update to the task that does not fall in the onTaskComplete or onTaskAssigned callback. This includes updates on tasks due to request for information, submit information, escalation, reassign, and so on. onSubTaskUpdated #x2014; This callback is invoked for any update to a subtask. Figure 15-31 shows how a workflow interaction with callbacks is modeled in Oracle BPEL Process Manager. Once this task is statement initiated, a while loop is used to essay of the receive messages until the task is complete. The while loop contains a pick with four onMessage branches #x2014; one for each of the moore thesis above-mentioned callback operations. The workflow interaction works fine even if nothing is changed in the onMessage branches, meaning that customizations in the onMessage branches are not required. Malthus Essay Principle! In this scenario, a workflow context is captured in the BPEL instance. This context can be used for all interaction with the workflow services. For example, if you want to reassign a task if it is assigned to a group, then you need the workflow context for the reassignTask operation on the Task Service. It is creative writing canada recommended that any user customizations be done in the first assign, AssignTaskAttributes, and malthus of the principle of population, that AssignSystemTaskAttributes not be changed. Figure 15-31 Workflow Interaction Modeling (with Callbacks) Figure 15-32 shows a workflow interaction in Oracle JDeveloper. Figure 15-32 Workflow Interaction Modeling (with Callbacks) in moore that Oracle JDeveloper. 15.7.5.2 Including the Task History from malthus of the, Other Workflows. When the task history is essay counter included in a workflow, the generated BPEL process described in the previous two sections is similar, with the following differences: The BPEL variable from the workflow whose task history is to be included is reused and no new BPEL variable is created. The first invoke activity invokes the reinitiate operation instead of the initiate operation. In many cases, the outcome of a task determines the flow of the business process. To facilitate modeling of the business logic, when a user task is generated, a BPEL switch activity is malthus essay principle of population also generated with prebuilt BPEL case activities. Thesis That! By default, one case branch is created for each outcome selected during creation of the task. An otherwise branch is also generated in the switch to represent cases when the malthus essay of the principle task is withdrawn, expired, or errored. The task carries a payload in it. If the payload is set from a business process variable, then an assign activity with the name copyPayloadFromTask is created in each of the case and otherwise branches to copy the payload from the task back to its source. If the payload is expressed as other XPath expressions (such as ora:getNodes(. ) ), then this assign is not created because of the lack of a process variable to copy the payload back. If the payload does not need to be modified, then this assign can be removed. 15.7.6.2 Case Statements for Other Task Conclusions. Page Research Paper! By default, the switch activity contains case statements for the outcomes only. The other task conclusions are captured in the otherwise branch. These conclusions are as follows: The task is withdrawn. The task is errored. The task is expired. If business logic must be added for each of these other conclusions, then case statements can be added for malthus of the principle, each of the preceding conditions. The case statements can be created as shown in the following BPEL segment. Definition Page Research! The XPath conditions for essay of the, the other conclusions in page research paper the case activities for each of the preceding cases are shown in bold. 15.8 Task 3: Generating the Task Display Form. The task display form defines the essay of the principle display mechanism for the task payload in the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. This section describes the different types of task display forms you can use. Definition Title Paper! This section contains the following topics: 15.8.1 Overview of Task Display Forms. The task display form for the human task can be automatically generated and then customized or developed completely from the beginning using the workflow APIs. In the automatically generated case, a set of seeded templates and regions are used for essay principle, the task forms. There are two methods for generating forms associated with the counter task definition: Automatically generate a simple task form #x2014; JSP-based forms that use the malthus essay principle standard header, body, and moore thesis, footer template. Custom task form #x2014; enables you to select one of the existing templates and regions to create a task form. You can also specify which task parameters to display in the form. When task display forms are generated, a .tform file is malthus of the of population created, which includes a template URI and region information. The .tform file is included in the process deployment archive and essay counter, is deployed during process deployment. Malthus Essay Of The Principle Of Population! 15.8.2 Selecting a Task Display Form. Follow these instructions to generate a task display form for the human task. Thesis States! Go to the Application Navigator in malthus of population Oracle JDeveloper. Right-click the essay letter counter folder of the human task for which to create a task display form (for this example, ExpenseApproval of the ExpenseRequest BPEL process in selected). The following menu of selections appears. See the following sections for details about essay of the principle of population generating the different types of audison thesis quattro review, task forms: 15.8.2.1 Preview Release of Task Display Form Support for ADF Data Controls. A preview release of task display form support for application development framework (ADF) data controls is provided. Malthus Principle! Very minimal support is provided with this preview release. Note the writing following limitations: There is malthus principle no support for complex XSDs with recursive elements. Task forms generated with ADF data controls cannot be edited. Follow these procedures to use this preview release: Open an operating system command prompt. Open Oracle JDeveloper in preview mode: Note that Auto Generate Task Form With ADF Datacontrols now appears as a menu option when you right-click the creative writing graduate programs folder of the human task, as shown in Step 2 of Selecting a Task Display Form. Open the SOA_Oracle_Home j2ee OC4J_Home configserver.xml file. where OC4J_Home is the name of the OC4J container for malthus essay of population, your install type: home #x2014; for the Oracle Application Server SOA Basic install type. Davis Moore States! OC4J_SOA #x2014; if you accepted the default value for the Oracle Application Server SOA Advanced install types. Add the following line under the shared-library name=oracle.bpel.common version=10.1.3 section: Restart Oracle Application Server SOA Suite for malthus essay of the of population, the changes to moore thesis states take effect. 15.8.3 Automatically Generating a Simple Task Display Form. This option enables you to automatically generate a task form based on the default task parameters and malthus of the principle, three regions. Select Auto Generate Simple Task Form from the list shown in Step 2. The default layout is based on the following three region template: Header region #x2014; this region has standard task attributes such as title, priority, created date, assignee, and expiration date. This information is thesis statement contained in malthus essay of the principle the Header1.jsp file. Creative Writing Graduate Canada! Body region #x2014; this region is generated based on the task parameters. Depending on the XSD used in the task, it is either generated as a list of values or as a table (for repeating items). If you specified the parameter to be modifiable through the malthus of population worklist on the Add Task Parameter window in creative programs Step 2, it displays as an editable field in the form. Otherwise, the field displays as read-only. The information for malthus of population, this region is contained in the payload-body.jsp file and the payload-body.xml mapping file. After generation, if you want to change any read-only parameters, you can modify the payload-body.xml file. Footer region #x2014; this region has an area for comments, attachments, and a short history of the task routing. This information is contained in the Footer1.jsp file. A .tform file is generated. The contents of this file are as follows: 15.8.3.1 Payload File for the Autogenerated JSP. Two files are automatically generated to display the payload for the autogenerated JSP: A default JSP file named payload-body.jsp . This file is added to the HTML root directory of your project, which is by default the public_html directory. A mapping XML file named payload-body.xml . This file is added to the same directory of your project as payload-body.jsp. If you select Custom Task Form in mla format thesis statement Step 2, you can specify a unique file name for the autogenerated JSP. Of The! The mapping XML file is created based on the JSP file name. You can also select the payload elements to include in the autogenerated JSP. For example, if the JSP file is named autogenerate-body.jsp , then the audison mapping XML file is named autogenerate-body.xml . The JSP run-time library and the BPMWorkflow library are automatically added to your BPEL project for compilation of the JSP file. The default JSP is malthus principle designed with two goals in mind: To present you with a simple form; that is, an XSD tree with a depth of more than three must be shown in a more readable way in the JSP. The default JSP must require minimum modification. If modification is unavoidable, it can be easily performed with a user interface tool. To attain these goals, instead of presenting a tree structure that mimics the payload XSD structure, the default JSP groups the entire payload structure in sections. It groups simple types that belong to the same parents and makes them sections. For example, assume you provide the following payload XSD: This XSD has the structure shown in Figure 15-33. Figure 15-33 Structure of the XSD for creative canada, myCompanyType. In the default JSP, based on the structure of the leaf nodes, there are three sections: , , and . These three sections are named according to their parents' names; that is, the malthus essay sections are named board , my Company , and department , respectively. In the board section, there are two fields, size and head . Each of these fields are in an editable HTML input type.The section department is different from other sections and can have multiple occurrences ( maxOccurs 1 ). In this case, all the fields in this section (that is, size , head , and function ) are horizontally presented in a table, with each row representing one department . This is called a table section. There is a plus ( + ) button for adding a row (department) and a minus ( - ) button for subtracting a row (department) for the department table section.Unlike a regular section, it is not necessarily true that all the fields belong to the same XSD parent in davis moore thesis that a table section. For example, suppose the of the head element has two elements: employeeNumber and mla format, dateOfBirth . Since these two elements have maxOccurs set to less than or equal to 1 , they are shown in the same department table section. This is essay of the principle of population a desired behavior, because adding a row in the department table not only adds a size and a function field, but also adds the head information fields in the same department row. This makes it easy to research move through complicated payload instances. Nested multiple ( maxOccurs 1 ) elements are supported. Assume the department element has a groupMember child element whose maxOccurs is of the principle of population unbounded. In that case, the parent element department is presented in a table section while the child groupMember elements are presented in different child table sections. The parent department table section has a column called group member that contains an HTML href link pointing to its corresponding child group member section in each department row. Pressing the + button in the parent department section not only adds a row in the parent table, but also adds a child section for that corresponding new row. The default JSP in the current release has the moore states that following limitations: XSDs that contain recursive elements are not supported. The default JSP shows all the simple types defined in the payload XSD. If multiple simple types belong to the same XSD choice block, all these simple types are shown in the default JSP. Although simple types are preserved in the JSP, XSD restrictions are not relevant. Only payloads copied from variables that are not simple types are supported. For example, if the malthus principle of population query is bpws:getVariableData(var) or bpws:getVariableData(var, part) and the variable is a simple type, then JSP generation fails. Note that bpws:getVariableData(var, part, query) and bpws:getVariableData(var, query) work even if the queried data is a simple type. You only need to make sure the variable itself is not a simple type. XSI extensions are not supported. No special handling of XSD order indicators occurs (that is, choice , all , and sequence ). Writing Canada! For example, the default JSP does not check if you entered both firstname and lastname : 15.8.3.1.1 Customizing the Autogenerated JSP. Essay Of The Of Population! The autogenerated default JSP is generic, and so may require changes to improve its look and feel. The JSP works in conjunction with the quattro mapping file to determine which elements in the payload are displayed in the form. 15.8.3.1.2 Customizing the malthus principle Mapping File. The mapping file gives you control of the presentation. The mapping file is an XML file that contains a list of mla format thesis statement, viewable fields. The root element in the mapping file contains its targetNameSpace , other namespaces, and xmlEditable as its attributes. All the elements that are simple types are listed as fields in the mapping file. Along with these elements, their immediate parents are listed as well for multilanguage support. Each field has three properties defined in the mapping file. They are xpath , editable , and resource_key . The xpath property defines the XPath of this field. It is always prefixed by /ns0:task/ns0:payload . Essay Of The Principle Of Population! This is the XPath to the root of the payload object. Letter! When maxOccurs is greater than 1 , it is denoted by
  • . Of The Principle Of Population! For example, /ns0:task/ns0:payload/company[*]/ceo shows that maxOccurs is greater than 1 for the company field. Do not modify this XPath field because it is also a unique key that determines the identity of the field. The editable property defines if this field is editable. It defaults to true . If the value of this field is changed to false , the default JSP shows a disabled text field that disallows value changes. The resource_key property is for multilanguage support. To ensure that your autogenerated JSP shows a preferred language other than English, you must supply a resource bundle. Follow these steps to add a resource bundle: Create a bundle file (for example, MyBundle ). This file points to a properties file that resides at the root of the letter project.
  • The following code shows an example of MyBundle_en-US.properties : In this case, if a field is of population defined in your mapping file as follows. in the default JSP returns the string i18n Task if your locale is set to en-US . Creative Programs Canada! Similarly, if your locale is set to malthus essay of the French, the proper properties file ( MyBundle_fr.properties ) is picked up. Specify the resource bundle name and location in the Resource Details window of the ph d thesis development Human Task editor, as shown in Specifying Multilingual Settings. 15.8.3.1.3 Customizing the Default JSP. If the mapping file does not provide enough control, you can modify the default JSP file. Only modify the section after the malthus essay label: Most JSP modifications can be made in the JSP design view of Oracle JDeveloper. By default, all the fields are set to text field. If you want to change a text field to a text area, you can do the following. Select Text Area in the Component Palette , as shown in Figure 15-34. Figure 15-34 Oracle JDeveloper JSP Design View. Drop it into the position of the text field you want to replace. Note that the name of the text field is set by calling the function oracle.bpel.services.workflow.worklist.payload.PayloadFormGenerator.constructName(String xpath) , and the value of the field is set by PayloadFormGenerator.selectNodeValue(Element payload, String xpath, Map namespace) . These functions must be used to creative graduate programs construct form field names and to retrieve form field values. Set the text area's name and value to the same name and value as the text field. Delete the text field. In the place you want to insert text or other HTML elements that are not in a table, add text by typing it or add an HTML element by dragging and dropping the HTML component from the Component Pallet . If the place you want to insert HTML elements is in an HTML table, to insert text or a horizontal rule, first add a table row by clicking a row, right-clicking, and selecting Insert Row . After a row is inserted, you may need to merge all the essay of the principle of population cells in the row by selecting all the cells in the row and right-clicking to select Merge Cells . Page Research Paper! Then you can either type your text or drag and drop your HTML component. If you want to change the layout of the table or form, highlight the section you want to modify, right-click, and select table or form. If you want to format the text, use the toolbar's color and malthus essay principle of population, style buttons. It is recommended that you modify the default JSP's look and feel only. You should preserve the functions being used in the JSP. You must not alter the hidden parameters being submitted in the HTML form, because the Update button invokes form submission to the WFTaskUpdate that expects certain values. If your change is complicated and has programming logic in it, you must switch to page research paper the source view and modify the JSP code directly. By putting the statement %@ page pageEncoding=UTF-8 % in the default JSP, UTF-8 is set as the malthus essay of the default encoding. The HelpDeskServiceRequest demo in SOA_Oracle_Home bpelsamplesdemos for definition title page research paper, an example of an autogenerated JSP and how to change the payload presentation. 15.8.3.1.4 Displaying a Check Box on the Worklist Payload JSP. Follow these instructions if you want to customize the JSP page to display a selectable check box instead of a text box. Note that the input for the status is generated as follows. Substitute the entire code block shown in Step 1 with the following code block: Add the following JavaScript . This is essay of the required because the value for the check box field in JavaScript is always the value defined in the input element. 15.8.4 Generating a Custom Task Display Form. For this release, task display forms are generated by using templates consisting of different regions. Oracle JDeveloper automatically includes three templates and two default JSPs: The three templates are as follows: Three Region JSP #x2014; Consists of the header, body and footer regions. These regions can be displayed by using custom JSP, XSL, default JSP, or autogenerated JSP files. The automatically generated JSP displays the mla format thesis body region. Two Region JSP #x2014; Consists of the header and footer regions. One Region JSP #x2014; Consists of the body region. Essay Principle! The two default JSPs are as follows: The header JSP displays task attributes such as task number, priority, title, and so on. The footer JSP displays task attributes such as attachment, comments, and so on. The custom task display form enables you to select the template and rendering type for displaying task details. Select Custom Task Form from the list shown in mla format thesis Step 2. The Task Form Display window appears. Select a template from the malthus of the principle of population Current Template list. Three are three seeded regions (three region JSP, two region JSP, and essay letter counter, one region JSP). After selecting a region, you can specify how to render it. See the following sections for details about generating the different types of custom task display forms: This option enables you to automatically generate a form for the payload of the task. You can also optionally specify which particular task parameters you want to include in the displayed form. Select Auto JSP from the Body list in the Rendering section. An icon displays to the right of Body.jsp in the Source section. The Payload Mapping window appears. This window enables you to select message attributes. Select message attributes to include in the autogenerated JSP. Click OK to return to the Task Form Display window. Malthus Of The Of Population! This option enables you to essay counter invoke an external custom JSP to display the task details. You can also specify URL parameters to pass to this JSP at run time. Malthus Of The Principle! Three parameters are passed in by default #x2014; taskID , version , and workflowContext . Ph D! Additional parameters must be explicitly specified. Select Custom JSP from the Header list in the Rendering section. A second icon displays to the right of the Source section for editing custom JSP parameters. Enter the custom JSP file name in the Source field or click the first icon to select the JSP file to use. This JSP is used in malthus essay of the principle the project and deployed with the other JSP files. Click the second icon to ph d thesis development specify run time JSP parameters. The Payload Mapping window appears. Malthus Essay Of Population! This window enables you to add input JSP parameters. Add a parameter by clicking the + sign. Add a name in the Name column. Click the mla format icon to the right of the row to essay principle of population display the definition title research Expression Builder window to dynamically enter a value for the XPath column. For this example, the custom JSP is using a parameter named PRIORITY to receive the task ID from the request. Therefore, PRIORITY is malthus essay of the principle specified as the research paper name and /tns:task/tns:systemAttributes/tns:PRIORITY is specified as the XPath expression. Creating Custom JSP Forms for details about explicitly passing parameters. Essay Of The Principle Of Population! This option provides the default Header1.jsp and Footer1.jsp files to display the header and footer regions, respectively. This option enables you to specify an that XSL to convert the task XML document into an HTML document for the form. Essay! Note that this is useful only to create read-only forms. Enter the HTTP location in the Source field or click the first icon to select the input XSL file to use. Creative Writing Programs Canada! 15.8.5 Deploying Task Display Forms. Essay Of The Principle! Workflow task display forms are deployed by using the deployTaskForm ant target. This target is executed when you deploy the BPEL process from Oracle JDeveloper or from the command prompt. This target generates an EAR file that includes all generated default or custom JSPs. This generated EAR file is deployed as a child of the Oracle BPEL Process Manager application. The following directory structure is generated. The following subdirectories and files are created: A J2EE enterprise archive directory named ear is created. EAR deployment descriptors are generated and audison quattro, stored in the META-INF subdirectory. Of The Of Population! A Web archive (WAR) directory named war is created. Davis Thesis That! This directory contains the following files and subdirectories: Style sheets and Java server page files for the header ( Header1.jsp ), footer ( Footer1.jsp ), and body ( payload-body.jsp and payload-body.xml ) are generated and stored in the war directory. Web service deployment descriptors are generated in the subdirectory WEB-INF . Malthus Of The! You can delete all form-related files by right-clicking the human task folder in audison the Application Navigator and selecting Delete Task Form files . Malthus Essay Of The! As described earlier, you can register a custom JSP for rendering the task details in the worklist. The BPEL worklist invokes any custom JSP that has been registered. Follow these instructions to create a custom JSP form. Get the task ID, version, and audison quattro, context ID from the request. Get the workflow context object based on the context ID. Get the malthus essay principle task object based on the task ID and version. Use the task query service API getTaskDetailsById if the version is null or empty. Otherwise, use the getTaskVersionDetails API. Use the task object methods to davis thesis that get the values you want to display in the JSP. In the case of update support, generate the hidden HTML type for the following parameters, so that the of the principle update servlet can read these parameter values: You can get the definition title page research values for these parameters in the custom JSP servlet request object. Malthus Essay Of Population! Run time invokes the custom JSP by thesis development passing these parameters. The following custom JSP code shows how to use these steps to essay of population write a custom JSP that uses the local query service and verification APIs. For this reason, deploy this JSP as a child of the hw_services application. If you do not want to thesis quattro review deploy to the same application server, replace local APIs with remote APIs. 15.8.6.1 Adding Update Support in the Custom JSP. To add update support in the custom JSP, you can write the servlet that uses the remote task service APIs to update the of population custom JSP task values: Get the task object by moore using the same steps as used in the custom JSP. Query the task object and set the malthus of the principle of population values based on the custom JSP form. For example, if the ph d thesis sustainable custom JSP form allows a user to update the priority attribute, then get the priority JSP form value and call task.setPriority( newvalue ); . Use the remote task service API to update the task. Get the value from servlet parameter WORKLIST_NEXT_PAGE_PARAMETER_NAME , which the custom JSP page includes as a hidden parameter. Redirect the page to the URL. 15.9 How Changes to a Workflow Appear in Worklist Application. Changes made in Oracle BPEL Control to a BPEL process that includes a human task impact how tasks display in Oracle BPEL Worklist Application: If you abort an active BPEL process instance on the Instances tab, associated tasks are marked as Stale in the Status column of the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application home page. If you delete a BPEL process instance on the Instances tab, all associated tasks are deleted. If you undeploy a BPEL process on the BPEL Process tab, associated tasks are marked as Stale in the Status column of the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application home page. 15.10 Notifications from Workflow Services. Notifications are sent to malthus of the of population alert users of changes to the state of a task. Notifications can be sent through any of the creative following channels: e-mail, telephone voice message, fax, pager, or SMS. This section contains the following topics: 15.10.1 Configuring the Notification Channel. Malthus Of Population! After configuring the notification service for e-mail and other channels in Oracle JDeveloper, set the NotificationMode parameter for the notification service to either ALL or EMAIL in the SOA_Oracle_Home bpelsystemservicesconfigns_emails.xml file. By default, this value is set to NONE , meaning that no notifications are sent. The possible values for the NotificationMode attribute are: ALL #x2013; the thesis statement e-mail, SMS, voice, fax, and pager channels are configured and notification is sent through any channel. EMAIL #x2013; Only the e-mail channel is configured for sending notification messages. NONE #x2013; No channel is configured for malthus essay of the of population, sending notification messages. This is the default setting. The notifications for a task can be configured during the creation of a task in the Human Task editor. Notifications can be sent to different types of participants for different actions. Creative Graduate! The actions for which a task notification can be sent are as follows: Assigned #x2014; when the task is assigned to malthus essay of population users or a group. This action captures the following task actions #x2014; acquire, adhoc route, delegate, escalate, information for a task is submitted, push back, reassign, release, and resume. Task is essay completed. Task is errored. Task is expired. Information is requested for a task. Malthus Principle! Task outcome is updated. Task is suspended. Task is withdrawn. Notifications can be sent to sustainable users involved in the task in various capacities. This includes: Assignees #x2013; the users or groups to whom the task is currently assigned. Malthus Of The! Initiator - the user who created the task. Creator #x2013; the user who created the task. Approvers #x2013; the development users who have approved the of the task so far. This applies to audison review a sequential list of approvers participant type where multiple users have approved the task and a notification must be sent to all. Owner #x2013; the owner of the essay of the task. When the task is assigned to a group, each user in the group is sent a notification if no notification endpoint is audison review available for the group. Service Configuration chapter of the Oracle BPEL Process Manager Administrator's Guide for details about malthus essay of population editing the ns_emails.xml file and (for the JAZN XML provider) users-properties.xml file. Each e-mail notification can contain the following parts: The notification message. The HTML content from the worklist application #x2014; This is a read-only view of the worklist application on the task. Definition Research! Task attachments #x2014; If the notification includes task attachments. Notifications through SMS, voice, fax, and pager contain only the notification message. The notification message is an XPath expression that can contain static text and dynamic values. Of Population! In creating the messages, only the task BPEL variable is available for dynamic values. This restriction is because the sustainable development messages are evaluated outside the context of the of the principle BPEL process. The payload in the task variable is also strongly typed to contain the type of the payload for XPath tree browsing. Essay! The XPath extension function hwf:getNotificationProperty(propertyName) is available to get properties for a particular notification. Essay Of The Of Population! The function evaluates to corresponding values for each notification. The propertyName can one of the following values: recipient #x2014; The recipient of the notification. recipientDisplay #x2014; The display name of the recipient. taskAssignees #x2014; The task assignees. Writing Graduate Canada! taskAssigneesDisplay #x2014; The display names of the task assignees. locale #x2014; The locale of the recipient. taskId #x2014; The ID of the task for which the notification is meant. taskNumber #x2014; The number of the malthus essay task for which the notification is meant. appLink #x2014; The HTML link to the worklist application task details page. The following example demonstrates the use of hwf:getNotificationProperty and hwf:getTaskResourceBundle together: This results in a message similar to the following: 15.10.3 Configuring Messages in Different Languages. It is possible to audison thesis review get internationalized messages in malthus essay of population the notification content using one of the following methods. If you want to use values from the graduate programs canada resource bundle specified during the task definition, use the XPath extension function hwf:getTaskResourceBundleString(taskId, key, locale?) . This function returns the internationalized string from the resource bundle specified in the task definition. The locale of the notification recipient can be retrieved with the function hwf:getNotificationProperty('locale') . The task ID corresponding to a notification can be retrieved with the function hwf:getNotificationProperty('taskId') . Essay Of The Principle! If a different resource bundle is used, the XPath extension function orcl:get-localized-string() can be used to retrieve localized messages. Definition Paper! Task actions can be performed through e-mail if the task is set up to enable actionable e-mail (the same actions can also be performed from the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application). An actionable e-mail account is the essay of the principle of population account in which task action-related e-mails are received and processed. This e-mail account name is identified by creative programs canada the element actionableEmailAccountName in malthus of the the configuration file SOA_Oracle_Home bpelsystemservicesconfigwf_config.xml . Ensure that you select Make e-mail messages actionable in davis states that the Notification Settings section of the Human Task editor to make e-mail notifications actionable. (See Figure 15-25.) This enables you to perform task actions through e-mail. If a notification is actionable, the malthus essay principle of population e-mail contains links for each of the custom outcomes. Clicking on the links invokes the compose window of the e-mail client. You do not have to creative writing graduate change anything in malthus essay principle the subject or the body in this e-mail. If you change the content with the NID substrings, the e-mail is not processed. Figure 15-35 shows an actionable e-mail sample: Figure 15-35 Actionable E-mails. Mla Format Statement! 15.10.5 Sending Inbound and Outbound Attachments. If the include attachments flag is checked; only e-mail is sent. The e-mails include all the task attachments as e-mail attachments. Select Send task attachments with e-mail notifications in the Notification Settings section of the Human Task editor. Malthus Of Population! (See Figure 15-25.) In the actionable e-mail reply, the user can add attachments in the e-mail and these attachments are added as task attachments. In the actionable e-mail reply, the user can add comments in the e-mail between Comments[[' and davis moore, ']] and those contents are added as task comments. Essay Of The Principle! For example, Comments[[looks good]]. In previous releases, the workflow outbound notification was not reliable. This meant that notifications were sent by using threads and the list of notifications to send was stored in memory. If Oracle BPEL Server went down, workflow lost any notification messages that had not yet been sent. With release 10.1.3, the workflow outbound notification service uses queues with the persistency service to send notifications to users. Whenever a workflow needs to send a notification to a user, it stores the task information such as notification ID, task ID, version, and so on in the dehydration store and enqueues the notification ID to the queue. A message-driven bean (MDB) listening on this queue dequeues the message and creates the notification message to send to the user. Writing Programs Canada! It then uses the notification service to send this message, which uses the queue with the dehydration store. 15.10.8 Sending Secure Notifications. If a notification is marked as secure in the Notification Settings section of the Human Task editor, a default notification message is used. (See Figure 15-25.) The default notification message includes a link to the task in the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. You must log in to see task details. 15.10.9 Channels Used for Notifications. The channel through which a user is notified is determined by the notification preference attribute of the user specified in JAZN. The notification preference is essay of the principle identified by the attribute orclWorkflowNotificationPreference . In a JAZN file-based system, the value for this attribute can be changed in definition research the users-properties.xml file located at SOA_Oracle_Home bpelsystemservicesconfig . In an essay of the Oracle Internet Directory-based system, the user properties can be changed using the Oracle Delegated Administration Service. If this attribute is not set, the thesis statement e-mail channel is used as the default. Tasks can be configured to send reminders, which can be based on the time the malthus essay of the task was assigned to a user or the expiration time of a task. The number of reminders and the interval between the mla format reminders can also be configured. The message used for reminders is the message that is malthus meant for ASSIGNEES when the task is marked as ASSIGNED . You set reminders in the Notification Settings section of the Human Task editor. (See Figure 15-25.) Reminder configuration involves these parameters. Recurrence #x2014; The recurrence specifies the number of times reminders are sent. The possible values for recurrence are EVERY , NEVER , 0 , 1 , 2 #x2026;, 10 . RelativeDate #x2014; The relativeDate specifies if the reminder duration is computed relative to moore thesis that the assigned date or to the expiration date of the task. The possible values for the relativeDate are ASSIGNED and essay of the of population, EXPIRATION . Duration #x2014; The duration from the relativeDate and the first reminder and creative writing programs, each reminder since then. The data type of duration is xsd:duration , whose format is defined by ISO 8601 under the form PnYnMnDTnHnMnS . The capital letters are delimiters and can be omitted when the corresponding member is not used. Examples include PT1004199059S , PT130S , PT2M10S , P1DT2S , -P1Y, or P1Y2M3DT5H20M30.123S . The following examples illustrate when reminders are sent. The relativeDate is ASSIGNED , the recurrence is EVERY , and the reminder duration is PT1D . If the task is assigned at 3/24/2005 10:00 AM , then reminders are sent at 3/25/2005 10:00 AM , 3/26/2005 10:00 AM , 3/27/2005 10:00 AM , and so on until the user acts on the task. If the relativeDate is EXPIRATION , the recurrence is 2 , the reminder duration is PT1D, and principle, the task expires at mla format statement 3/26/2005 10:00 AM , then reminders are sent at 3/24/2005 10:00 AM and 3/25/2005 10:00 AM if the task was assigned before 3 /24/2005 10:00 AM . Malthus Essay Of The Principle Of Population! If the relativeDate is essay letter counter EXPIRATION , the recurrence is malthus essay 2 , the reminder duration is PT1D , the task expires at davis thesis states that 3/26/2005 10:00 AM , and malthus principle, the task was assigned at 3/24/2005 3:00 PM , then only one reminder is sent at 3/25/2005 10:00 AM . Table 15-14 shows the end-to-end workflow examples included with Oracle BPEL Process Manager. Follow the documentation included in the same directories with these samples. In addition to the demonstration features listed in Table 15-14, all samples show the use of worklist applications and workflow notifications. Table 15-14 End-to-End Examples. Integration with a business rule engine. Adding attachments to tasks. Use of decision service to determine the levels of approvals required for a particular expense request. Microsoft Office integration. Custom worklist user interface. Promotion of task payload message attributes. Group assignment (in StarLoan process) Custom worklist user interface (in LoanFlowPlusUI and StarLoanUI) FYI tasks (in LoanFlowPlus process) This example describes how to create a vacation request business process. Creative Writing Graduate Programs! In this business process, the of the of population manager of a user requesting a vacation approves or rejects the request. The approval or rejection is writing graduate programs canada a one-step process. This example highlights the of the use of the ph d sustainable development following: Modeling a single approval workflow using Oracle JDeveloper. Using the malthus essay of the of population Oracle BPEL Worklist Application to view and respond to davis moore states that tasks. This example assumes the following: You are familiar with basic BPEL constructs, including BPEL activities and partner links, and basic XPath functions. Familiarity with Oracle JDeveloper#x2014;the environment for creating and deploying BPEL processes#x2014;is also assumed. You must configure the essay principle of population e-mail server settings for the account Default to enable e-mail notifications. The Default account is used to send e-mails. The e-mail server configuration is in. The following code example from the file shows the parameters that may require configuration in bold. You must set the NotificationMode parameter to one of the following values in title research the ns_emails.xml file: ALL #x2013; If you have the e-mail, SMS, voice, fax, and malthus essay of the of population, pager channels set up. Sustainable Development! EMAIL #x2013; If you have only the e-mail channel set up. You must change the e-mail address for the user jstein to an accessible e-mail address. If the malthus essay XML-based JAZN provider is used, these properties can be changed in: The following XML segment from the users-properties.xml file shows where the e-mail is configured: You must restart Oracle BPEL Process Manager after making any of the preceding changes. Sustainable Development! 15.11.3 Modeling the malthus of the Vacation Request Process. Mla Format Thesis Statement! In this phase of the tutorial, you create a new project, OrderApproval, and define the human workflow process, a single approver workflow in which the malthus of the principle order is approved or rejected. The order is first assigned to the Supervisor role. After a user with the Supervisor role approves the order, it is sent to letter the user's manager for final approval. This section contains these tasks: 15.11.3.1 Creating the essay Vacation Request Process and Importing the Schema. Right-click your application in audison review the Application Navigator and malthus essay of the of population, select New Project . Audison Thesis Review! Select BPEL Process Project . Create an asynchronous BPEL process with the name VacationRequest . Click the principle of population flashlight next to Input Schema Element to browse for VacationRequest.xsd in. The Type Chooser window appears. Expand and thesis review, select Imported Schemas VacationRequest.xsd VacationRequestProcessRequest . Click the essay of the principle of population flashlight next to Output Schema Element . Expand and select Imported Schemas VacationRequest.xsd VacationRequestProcessResponse . The schemas are now imported into the project. Ph D Sustainable Development! VacationRequest.xsd appears under VacationRequest Integration Content Schemas in the Application Navigator , and essay of the, under Schemas in the Structure section. The BPEL process#x2014;a Receive activity ( receiveInput ) and an Invoke activity ( callbackClient )#x2014;is displayed. Select Save from the File main menu. Ph D Sustainable! 15.11.3.2 Adding a Human Task to the Order Approval Process. When you define the human task, the VacationApproval.task file#x2014;the task configuration metadata file#x2014;is created. Drag and drop a Human Task activity between receiveInput and callbackClient . Click the Create Task Definition icon (second icon). Malthus Of The Principle! Enter VacationApproval for the human task name and click OK . (Accept the default location.) The VacationApproval.task file is created. The Human Task editor is displayed. For Title , enter Vacation Approval . Accept the creative writing canada default values for Priority and Outcomes . Malthus Principle! For Parameters , click the moore + icon on the right side of the window. The Add Task Parameter window is displayed. Click Element and then the flashlight icon. In the Type Chooser window, expand and select Project Schema Files VacationRequest.xsd VacationRequestProcessRequest , and click OK . In the essay of the principle of population Add Task Parameter window, click Modifiable via worklist and title page research paper, click OK . This ensures that you can modify task data using the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. In the Assignment and Routing Policy section, click the + icon on essay principle, the right side of the window. The Add Participant Type window is displayed. For Type , select Single Approver . Audison Quattro Review! This participant type acts alone on the task. For Label , enter Vacation Approver . Click By expression . Malthus! In this example, you assign the title page research paper task to the manager of the vacation requester. Click the essay of the of population icon to ph d development the right of the principle of population Dynamic User Xpath field to thesis sustainable display the Expression Builder window. Select Identity Service Functions from the list in the Functions section. Go to essay principle the Schema section on the left side of the Expression Builder window. Expand task:task task:payload ns0:VacationRequestProcessRequest ns0:creator . Click Insert Into Expression . The Expression Builder window appears as follows: Click OK to thesis sustainable development return to the Add Participant Type window. Click OK to return to the Human Task editor. Click the + sign to expand the Expiration and Escalation Policy section. Of The! Select Expire after from the drop-down list. Click Fixed Duration and select 1 from the essay letter counter Day list. Select Save from the File main menu. Click the X next to VacationApproval.task to close the essay of the Human Task editor. 15.11.3.3 Assigning Input and Output Parameters for the Human Task. Map the thesis sustainable fields to the variables in the BPEL process. Double-click the VacationApproval_1 human task service in the BPEL process. This displays the Human Task window. In the malthus essay of population Task Title field, enter the word for after the words Vacation Approval . Click the icon at the right to display the Expression Builder window. In the BPEL Variables section, expand and select inputVariable payload client:VacationRequestProcessRequest client:creator . Essay! Click Insert Into Expression . The XPath expression appears in the Expression section. The XPath expression is appended to of the principle the task title. Click the icon to audison quattro the right of the Initiator field to display the Expression Builder window. Repeat Steps 4 through 6 to insert the essay of the principle same XPath expression in the Initiator field. Click the flashlight icon under the BPEL Variable column. The Task Parameters window appears. In the Task Parameters window, expand and select Variables inputVariable payload client:VacationRequestProcessRequest . In the Human Task window, click OK . Select Save from the File main menu. 15.11.3.4 Creating a Task Form for mla format thesis, the Worklist. An autogenerated task form, payload-body.jsp , is created. In the Application Navigator , right-click the VacationApproval folder and select Auto Generate Simple Task Form . This automatically generates a task form file. Close payload-body.jsp by clicking the essay of the principle X sign at the top. The Switch activity reflects the possible outcomes, or cases, specified previously, Approve and Reject. It also has an Otherwise case to represent other outcomes, such as errored, stale, or expired. Inside each of the cases, you can add activities to complete modeling of the business process. Ph D Thesis Development! The copyPayloadFromTask Assign activities copy the principle of population payload back to its source. Expand the taskSwitch Switch activity. Drag and drop an Assign activity to below the definition page research paper copyPayloadFromTask Assign activity in the case Task outcome is APPROVE section of the Switch activity. Double-click the Assign icon to display the Assign window. Of The Principle! Click the General tab. Enter assignVacationApproval1 in the Name field. Click the Copy Operation tab. Click Create and select Copy Operation . Enter the following details: Note: The namespace number values (for example, client , ns1 ) can vary. Use the namespace values that automatically appear. Click OK to close the Create Copy Operation window and the Assign window. Repeat Steps 3 through 11 to create an Assign activity below the copyPayloadFromTask Assign activity in thesis review the case Task outcome is principle REJECT section. Enter the same details as described above, with the following exceptions: Name it assignVacationApproval2. Set the Expression field to string('Rejected') Repeat Steps 3 through 11 to create an Assign Activity below the essay letter copyPayloadFromTask Assign activity in malthus principle the otherwise section. Enter the same details as described above, with the following exceptions: Name it assignVacationApproval3. Set the Expression field to string('Rejected') The process looks as follows: Select Save from the File main menu. Click the creative writing graduate programs canada - sign to close the taskSwitch Switch activity. 15.11.3.6 Validating, Compiling, and Deploying the Order Approval Process. Go to the Application Navigator section. Select Deploy my_integration_server_connection Deploy to essay of the principle of population default domain . Letter! This compiles the BPEL process. Check for errors by malthus of the clicking the buttons at the bottom of the ph d development window. If there are no errors, deployment was successful. 15.11.3.7 Running the Order Approval Process. Log into Oracle BPEL Control by selecting Start All Programs Oracle - Oracle_Home Oracle BPEL Process Manager BPEL Control . The Dashboard tab of Oracle BPEL Control appears. Enter the following details to essay of the of population log into Oracle BPEL Control and click Login : Click VacationApproval in the Deployed BPEL Processes list. Enter jcooper for the creator of the writing graduate canada vacation. Enter appropriate values for the remaining fields. Click Post XML Message . The BPEL Processes tab displays a message similar to malthus essay of the of population the following: Click the Instances tab at the top. Click the OrderApproval instance. A message appears indicating that the instance is creative programs active. Select Start All Programs Oracle - Oracle_Home Oracle BPEL Process Manager Sample Worklist Application to access the essay principle of population login window for Oracle BPEL Worklist Application: Log in as jstein / welcome1 . The user jstein is the thesis states that manager of jcooper . This displays Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. A task waiting to be approved appears. Select Claim in the Actions list for the task to approve. The task details and payload information appear. Review the information. For example, the following information appears if you copied and pasted in malthus of the principle the contents of OrderBookingPO_1.xml . Select Approve from the Task Action list and click Go . Writing Graduate! Log out as user jcooper . Log into Oracle BPEL Worklist Application as jstein / welcome1 . Select Approve from the Actions list and click Go . Principle! After processing, no tasks appear in Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. Thesis Statement! Return to Oracle BPEL Control. Click the Instances tab at malthus essay of the of population the top. Creative Programs Canada! Click the of the principle of population VacationApproval instance. A message appears indicating that the instance has completed. Click the Audit and Flow links to observe additional details about the completed OrderApproval process. Workflow services and functions are responsible for a variety of tasks. This section describes the responsibilities of the following workflow services: 15.12.1 EJB, SOAP, and thesis statement, Java Support for the Workflow Services. Table 15-15 lists the type of SOAP, EJB, and Java support provided for the task services. Table 15-15 EJB, SOAP, and Java Support. Table 15-16 lists the location for the SOAP WSDL file for each task service. Table 15-16 SOAP WSDL Location for the Task Services. 15.12.2 Security Model for Services. With the exception of the identity service, all services that use the above-mentioned APIs (SOAP, remote EJB, local EJB, and Java WSIF) require authentication to be invoked. All the above channels support passing the user identity using the workflow context. The workflow context contains either of the following: Login and password. Essay Principle! The task query service exposes the authenticate operation that takes the login and password and returns the workflow context used for all services. Optionally, with each request, you can pass the moore states workflow context with the login and password. The authenticate operation also supports the concept of creating the of the principle context on behalf of a user with the admin ID and admin password. This enables you to create the context for a logged-in user to the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application if the essay counter password for that user is not available. 15.12.2.1 Security in SOAP Web Services. Of Population! SOAP Web services also support Web service security. When Web service security is used, the workflow context does not need to be present in the SOAP input. The Web service security can be configured from the Oracle Enterprise Manager 10 g Application Server Control Console. Mla Format Thesis Statement! Workflow service SOAP clients cannot be used when Web service security is of the of population used. Configuring Single Sign-on Using SAML in the Oracle Application Server Web Services Security Guide for writing programs canada, details about propagating the identity of a user from a Web application to the Web service. The workflow service EJBs also take a workflow context parameter that is used for authentication and authorization. 15.12.2.3 Creating Workflow Context on Behalf of a User. Malthus Essay Of Population! The authenticate API operation on that, the task query service can create the workflow context on behalf of a user by passing the user ID and password of an admin user in malthus of the principle of population the request. An admin user is a user who has the BPMWorkflowAdmin role. This created context is as if it was created using the password on behalf of the user. In this example, the ph d thesis development workflow context is created for user jcooper . The task service exposes operations to act on tasks. Table 15-17 describes the operations of the task service. Package oracle.bpel.services.workflow.task corresponds to the task service. Table 15-17 Task Service Methods. The task query service queries tasks based on a variety of search criterion such as keyword, category, status, business process, attribute values, history information of a task, and so on. Table 15-18 describes the essay of population operations of the task query service, including how to statement use the malthus of the principle of population service over mla format thesis, SOAP. Package oracle.bpel.services.workflow.query corresponds to the task query service. Table 15-18 Task Query Service Methods. assignmentFilter #x2014; Filters tasks according to whom the task is assigned, or who created the task. Possible values for the assignment filter are as follows: ADMIN #x2014; No filtering; returns all tasks regardless of assignment or creator. ALL #x2014; No filtering; returns all tasks regardless of assignment or creator. CREATOR #x2014; Returns tasks where the context user is the creator. GROUP #x2014; Returns tasks that are assigned to one of the groups of which the context user is a member. MY #x2014; Returns tasks that are assigned to the context user. MY_AND_GROUP #x2014; Returns tasks that are assigned to of the either the context user, or one of the groups of which they are a member. OWNER #x2014; Returns tasks where the writing graduate programs context user is the task owner. PREVIOUS #x2014; Returns tasks the context user previously updated. REPORTEES #x2014; Returns tasks that are assigned to reportees of the context user. keywords #x2014; An optional search string. This only returns tasks where the string is contained in the task title, task identification key, or one of the malthus essay of the principle task text flex fields. predicate #x2014; An optional oracle.bpel.services.workflow.repos.Predicate object that allows clients to mla format statement specify complex, SQL-like query predicates. Note: To use the task query service over SOAP, call Predicate.enableXMLSerialization(true); to make the predicate object serializable. This section describes the essay of the principle identity service component of Oracle BPEL Process Manager. The identity service is a thin Web service layer on top of the Oracle Application Server 10 g security infrastructure, namely OracleAS JAAS Provider (JAZN), or any custom user repository. It enables authentication and authorization of users and the lookup of user properties, roles, group memberships, and privileges. Thesis Quattro Review! Some users and roles are automatically created when Oracle BPEL Process Manager is installed. Malthus Of The Principle Of Population! Seeded users include: The identity service predefines the following roles, which can be granted to users to perform workflow-related operations: PUBLIC #x2014;This role is an implicit JAZN role; it does not need to be granted explicitly to writing programs any of the malthus essay principle users. If any user can authenticate with the worklist, then they can see tasks assigned to them or groups they belong to and act on graduate programs canada, these tasks. The BPMPublic role can be used and explicitly granted to each user if a third-party provider does not support an implicit PUBLIC role. BPMWorkflowReassign #x2014;This role enables a user to malthus of the reassign tasks to any other user in the organization. A manager can always delegate tasks to any users under him in sustainable the organization hierarchy without any Reassign privileges. However, to reassign to users outside the management hierarchy, the BPMWorkflowReassign role is required. BPMWorkflowSuspend #x2014;This role enables users to suspend a process. If a process is of the principle of population suspended, then the expiration time does not apply. When the process is resumed, the expiration date is recomputed. Users cannot suspend the workflow if the process designer has designated Suspend as a restricted action, even if the user has the thesis development BPMWorkflowSuspend role. BPMWorkflowViewHistory #x2014;In general, a user can see only the task assignment sequence as part of their worklist. This role enables a user to of the principle drill down further into the BPEL business process audit trail from the task approval sequence. BPMWorkflowAdmin #x2014;This role enables a user to perform system actions on any workflow in the system. This role does not allow you to change the outcome of the thesis quattro review task (such as approve or reject); it only allows you to perform actions such as delegate, escalate, and essay of the principle, suspend. Only the task assignee or the audison thesis task owner can change the outcome of the task. BPMSystemAdmin #x2014;Both BPMWorkflowAdmin and malthus essay of the, BPMSystemAdmin have the same level of workflow privileges. BPMDefaultDomainAdmin #x2014;This role provides a user with access to the default domain through Oracle BPEL Control. Oracle BPEL Process Manager Administrator's Guide for instructions on configuring the identity service and additional details about the BPMSystemAdmin and BPMDefaultDomainAdmin roles. Some of these roles are nested. The BPMWorkflowReassign , BPMWorkflowSuspend , and creative programs, BPMWorkflowViewHistory roles are granted to the BPMWorkflowAdmin role. The BPMSystemAdmin role is granted to the seeded bpeladmin user. The following table represents the relationship between the malthus essay of the principle grantees and roles: You use directory-specific tools to create realms, users, or groups. For example: To create users and groups when using OID, you use the Oracle Delegated Administration Services tools. See Oracle Identity Management Guide to letter Delegated Administration for more information. Malthus Essay Principle! To create user and group credentials when using the XML-based JAZN provider, you use the JAZN Admintool to modify the jazn-data.xml file. To add or remove an XML-based JAZN user or role, the JAZN Admintool must be used. You can manually edit the users-properties.xml file to specify detailed user properties that JAZN does not support. For example, to add a user to a specified realm, issue the following command: java -jar jazn.jar -user adminUser -password adminPassword -adduser realmName newUser newUserPassword. The JAZN Admintool provides different command options. You can list all the options and their syntax with the thesis statement -help option, as in: java -jar jazn.jar -help. If you are using a third-party LDAP server or a custom user repository, you must use the specific tools available for that directory. Malthus Essay Principle Of Population! 15.12.5.2 Identity Service Providers. Oracle BPEL Process Manager identity service supports three types of davis thesis states, providers: JAZN, third-party LDAP, or custom plug-in, as shown in malthus principle Figure 15-36. Figure 15-36 Identity Service Providers. The identity service providers perform the following operations: Authentication#x2014;authenticates users given their username and password. Authorization#x2014;determines roles and group memberships for a specific user. These roles are then used to control access to various work items and operations on the worklist. Retrieve user properties#x2014;includes contact information such as first name, last name, phone, e-mail, preferred notification channel, language preference, time zone, and ph d thesis sustainable, organization details such as manager name and reportees. The JAZN provider mode, which is preconfigured, delegates all authentication and authorization inquires to the JAZN layer. Two JAAS providers are supplied as part of the OC4J security infrastructure: the XML-based file and LDAP-based OID. XML-Based JAZN Provider Type #x2014; The XML-based provider type is used for lightweight storage of malthus of population, information in that the XML files. All the user names, roles, and permissions are stored in XML files. In this case, user names, passwords, and privileges are stored in the jazn-data.xml file. In addition, Oracle BPEL Process Manager uses a user-properties.xml file that works in conjunction with this file to store detailed user properties such as name, e-mail, phone, and manager. LDAP-Based JAZN Provider Type (Oracle Internet Directory) #x2014; The LDAP-based provider type is based on the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) for essay principle, centralized storage of information in a directory. OID is a standard LDAP-based directory that provides a single, centralized repository for all user data. Thesis Review! It allows sites to manage user identities, roles, authorization, and authentication credentials, as well as application-specific preferences and profiles in a single repository. The third-party LDAP provider mode enables identity service to work with third-party LDAP servers such as Sun Directory Server (iPlanet), Microsoft Active Directory, or openLDAP. In this mode, identity service assumes that the malthus essay principle directory is the central repository of audison thesis review, all user data, including authentication credentials, roles, and of the, profiles. The standard organizationalPerson , inetOrgPerson objects from the title page research LDAP schema retrieve these details. 15.12.5.2.3 Custom User Repository Plug-ins. This mode enables you to plug in principle of population a non-LDAP-based user repository by registering a custom identity service provider. Audison! The custom identity service plug-in must implement the BPMIdentityService interface (see Javadoc). This identityservice class name must be registered in is_config.xml . See SOA_Oracle_Home bpeldocsworkfloworacletippcservicesidentity for Javadoc on the BPMIdentityService interface. The identity service supports the following user properties : Given name, middle name, and of the principle, last name. Home phone number. Mobile phone number. Writing Graduate Programs Canada! Owners (applies to groups and roles, but not users) Language preference (Java locale) Notification preference (preferred notification channel) The preceding properties are optional for Oracle BPEL Process Manager users. However, some features, such as task notification, are not available if the contact information is not present in the directory or in the users-properties file for essay of the principle of population, the JAZN XML-based provider. Also, automatic escalation and manager views are not available if the manager field is audison not available to the identity service. If the user is not listed among the owners of the group, they cannot modify the rule defined for the group. The service configuration chapter of Oracle BPEL Process Manager Administrator's Guide for instructions on defining group ownership. The following OID objectClasses specify user and role properties such as mail , manager , and malthus of the of population, telephoneNumber . The identity service maintains a connection pool to retrieve these properties from the LDAP directory. If you are using the XML-based JAZN provider, the same entries are represented as XML elements in the users-properties.xml file in. The identity service enables you to specify multiple configuration settings (to express identity contexts, supported realms, and so on) in the is_config.xml file. The business process uses one of the defined configurations at run time. Davis Moore Thesis States! The configuration must specify the realm name to malthus enable a business process to resolve the context at run time. For the JAZN provider, the letter counter realm name must match one of supported JAZN realm names. Otherwise, a run time exception is thrown. For the of the principle JAZN XML-based provider, extended user and role properties for different realms must be stored in different files. For the writing graduate canada LDAP provider, the realm name can be any unique name, while the context is defined by the LDAP URL, user search base, and essay of the principle, role search base nodes in the LDAP server tree. These properties are controlled by the connection , userControls , and roleControls provider elements in is_config.xml . If the is_config.xml file contains more than one configuration, then one is defined as the default configuration. The default context is used by the BPEL process if no specific context information is found at run time. The identity service resolves the configuration context based on the realm name. The service configuration chapter of the Oracle BPEL Process Manager Administrator's Guide for configuration instructions. 15.12.5.5 Authentication, Authorization, and Identity Service Providers. The identity service supports authentication, authorization, and identity service providers. The identity service provider is the default pseudoservice provider. Paper! It must be defined for each configuration in the is_config.xml file. It delegates all calls either to the authentication or authorization service provider. By default, all three service providers share the same context setting defined in the identity provider.The identity service can define additional service providers with its own setting attributes for authentication or authorization services.If the provider service attribute is set to malthus of population Authentication , the setting and the provider context are used only for all authentication calls for the configuration. If the provider service attribute is set to Authorization , the setting and provider context are used only for authorization calls. The multiple service providers section of the service configuration chapter of the Oracle BPEL Process Manager Administrator's Guide for an example of davis, a configuration with two providers: The JAZN XML-based identity service provider is essay of the of population used for ph d, all calls, except authentication. The custom plug-in provider is used only for authentication calls. Malthus Of The Principle! The notification service exposes operations that can be invoked from the BPEL business process to send notifications through e-mail, voice, fax, pager, or short message service (SMS) channels. Oracle BPEL Process Manager Administrator's Guide for moore thesis, instructions on configuring notification service delivery channels. Task metadata service exposes operations to retrieve metadata information related to a task. Table 15-19 describes these methods. Package oracle.bpel.services.workflow.metadata corresponds to malthus essay the task metadata service. Thesis Quattro! Table 15-19 Task Metadata Service Methods. The user metadata service provides methods for managing metadata specific to individual users and principle, groups. It is used for getting and setting user worklist preferences, managing user custom views, and managing workflow rules for users and groups. For most methods in the user metadata service, the authenticated user can query and update their own user metadata. However, they cannot update metadata belonging to other users. In the case of group metadata (for example, workflow rules for groups), only a user designated as an ph d thesis development owner of a group (or a BPMWorkflowAdmin user) can query and update the metadata for that group. However, a user that has been granted the BPMWorkflowAdmin role can query and update metadata for any user or group. Table 15-20 describes the methods in the user metadata service. Package oracle.bpel.services.workflow.user corresponds to the user metadata service. Table 15-20 User Metadata Service Methods. Chapter 16, Worklist Application for details about the rule configuration and user preference pages. The runtime config service provides methods for malthus essay of the of population, managing metadata used in the task service run time environment. It principally supports management of essay counter, task payload flex field mappings. The task object used by the task service contains a number of malthus of the, flex field attributes, which can be populated with information from the task payload. This allows the task payload information to be queried, displayed in task listings, and used in workflow rules. The runtime config service allows administrators to create mappings between simple task payload attributes and these flex field attributes. Audison! Only a user with the BPMWorkflowAdmin privilege can make updates to malthus of the of population payload mappings. However, any authenticated user can use the query methods in development this service. Essay Of The! An administrator can create attribute labels for the various flex field attributes. These attribute labels provide a meaningful label for research, the attribute (for example, a label Location may be created for the flex field attribute TextAttribute1 ). A given flex field attribute may have multiple labels associated with it. This attribute label is what is displayed to users when displaying lists of attributes for essay principle, a specific task in audison the worklist application. The attribute labels for a specific task type can be determined by calling the getTaskAttributesForTaskDefinition method on essay of the of population, the task metadata service. When defining attribute labels, the following fields are automatically populated by the service. You do not need to specify values for these attributes when creating or updating attribute labels: Valid values for the task attribute field are as follows: TextAttribute1 through TextAttribute10. FormAttribute1 through FormAttribute5. UrlAttribute1 through UrlAttribute5. DateAttribute1 through DateAttribute5. NumberAttribute1 through NumberAttribute5. Mappings can then be created between task payload fields and the attribute labels. For example, the payload field customerLocation can be mapped to the attribute label Location . Different task types can share the same attribute label. This allows payload attributes from different task types that have the same semantic meaning to be mapped to definition page research paper the same attribute label. Only payload fields that are simple XML types can be mapped. The runtime config service also provides methods for querying the essay of the principle of population dynamic assignment functions supported by the server. Table 15-21 describes the definition title page research paper methods in the runtime config service. Package oracle.bpel.services.workflow.runtimeconfig corresponds to the runtime config service. Table 15-21 Runtime Config Service. 15.12.9.1 Internationalization of Attribute Labels. Attribute labels provide a method of attaching a meaningful label to a task flex field attribute. It can be desirable to present attribute labels that are translated into of the of population the appropriate language for the locale of the user. To achieve this, you can add entries to the WorkflowLabels.properties resource property file, and associated resource bundles in other languages. This file exists in the SOA_Oracle_Home bpelsystemservicesconfigwfresource directory. Entries for flex field attribute labels must be of the form: For instance, the entry for a label named Location is: Note that adding entries to these files for attribute labels is title page optional. If no entry is present in the file, the name of the attribute label as specified using the API is used instead. 15.13 Configuring the Assignment Service. This section describes how to configure the assignment service. This section contains the following topics: 15.13.1 Dynamic Assignment Functions. Dynamic assignment functions select a particular user or group from either a group, or from a list of malthus of population, users or groups. Definition Title Research Paper! The selection is made according to criteria specific to the particular dynamic assignment function. The three dynamic assignment functions shown in Table 15-22 are included with Oracle BPEL Process Manager: Table 15-22 Dynamic Assignment Functions. These functions all check a user's vacation status. A user that is currently unavailable is not automatically assigned tasks. These dynamic assignment functions can be called using the custom XPath functions in a BPEL process or task definition. These XPath functions must be called with at least two, and essay, optionally more parameters: The name of the dynamic assignment function being called. The name of the group on which to execute the function (or a list of users or groups).(Optional) the identity realm to which the user or group belongs (default value is the default identity realm). Additional optional parameters specific to page research paper the dynamic assignment function. In the case of the most-productive assignment function, this is the length of time (in days) to essay calculate a user's productivity. The two other functions do not use additional parameters. In addition, workflow rules created for a group can use dynamic assignment functions to select a member of that group for reassignment of a task. In addition to the three functions, a dynamic assignment framework is provided that allows you to implement and configure your own dynamic assignment functions. 15.13.1.1 Implementing a Dynamic Assignment Function. To implement your own dynamic assignment function, write a Java class that implements one or both of the following interfaces: If your dynamic assignment function selects users, implement the first interface. If it selects groups, implement the second interface. If it allows the selection of ph d, both users and essay of population, groups, implement both interfaces. The two interfaces above both extend the interface oracle.bpel.services.workflow.assignment.dynamic.IDynamicAssignmentFunction . Your Java class should also implement the methods in that interface. These interfaces as shown below: The dynamic assignment framework also provides the utility class oracle.bpel.services.workflow.assignment.dynamic.DynamicAssignmentUtils . This class provides a number of methods that are useful when implementing dynamic assignment functions. 15.13.1.2 Configuring Dynamic Assignment Functions. Page Research Paper! Dynamic assignment functions are configured using the essay of population wf-dynamic-assign-cfg.xml file in the SOA_Oracle_Home bpelsystemservicesconfig directory. Each dynamic assignment function must have an entry in this file, in the form of a function tag. The function tag must contain two attributes: name #x2014; the name of the function. classpath #x2014; the classpath of the class that implements the function. In addition, the function tag can optionally contain any number of property tags. These tags pass initialization parameters to the dynamic assignment function. Each property tag must contain a name attribute. The value of the property is specified in the body of the definition title page research tag. The property values specified in these tags are passed as a map (indexed by the value of the name attributes) to the setInitParameters method of the malthus principle of population dynamic assignment functions. Two of the audison thesis review functions have initialization parameters. These are: ROUND_ROBIN #x2014; The parameter MAX_MAP_SIZE specifies the maximum number of sets of users or groups for which the function can maintain ROUND_ROBIN counts. The dynamic assignment function holds a list of essay principle of population, users and groups in memory for each group (or list of users and groups) on which it is asked to execute the ROUND_ROBIN function. most-productive #x2014; The parameter DEAFULT_TIME_PERIOD specified the moore thesis states that length of time (in days) over which to calculate the of the user's productivity. This value can be overridden when calling the definition page paper most-productive dynamic assignment function. Malthus! Use an thesis statement XPath function by specifying an alternative value as the third parameter in the XPath function call. 15.13.1.3 Configuring Display Names for Dynamic Assignment Functions. The runtime config service provides methods for returning a list of available user and group dynamic assignment functions. These functions return both the name of the function, and a user-displayable label for the function. The functions support localization of the display name, so that it displays in malthus essay the appropriate language for the context user. These functions are used by the worklist application to show a list of available dynamic assignment functions. To specify display names (and appropriate translations) for essay letter, your dynamic assignment functions, add entries to the resource property file WorkflowLabels.properties , and malthus of the principle, associated resource property files in other languages. This file exists in the SOA_Oracle_Home bpelsystemservicesconfigwfresource directory. Audison Review! Entries for dynamic assignment functions must be of the form: For instance, the entry for the ROUND_ROBIN function is: Note that adding entries to these files for dynamic assignment functions is optional. If no entry is present in principle the file, then the name of the function (for example, ROUND_ROBIN ') is used instead. 15.13.2 Dynamically Assigning Task Participants with the Assignment Service. Ph D Sustainable Development! Workflow task participants are specified declaratively in a routing slip. The routing slip guides the workflow by malthus of the of population specifying the participants and how they participate in the workflow task (for example, management chain hierarchy, sequential list of approvers, and so on). There are scenarios where the workflow task participants are computed dynamically using complex rules. To support such dynamic assignment, an assignment service is used. The assignment service is responsible for determining the task assignees. You can also implement your own assignment service and plug in thesis sustainable that implementation for use with a particular workflow. This section contains the following topics: 15.13.2.1 Assignment Service Overview. The assignment service determines the following task assignment details in a workflow: The assignment when the task is malthus essay of the of population initiated. The assignment when the task is reinitiated. The assignment when a user updates the task outcome. When the task outcome is updated, the task can either be routed to other users or completed. The assignees from whom information for the task can be requested. If the task supports reapproval from the Oracle BPEL Worklist Application, a user can request information for thesis sustainable, reapproval. The users who reapprove the task if reapproval is essay supported. The workflow service identifies and invokes the assignment service for thesis statement, a particular task to determine the of the task assignment. For example, a simple assignment service iteration is as follows: A client initiates an expense approval task whose routing is determined by the assignment service. The assignment service determines that the task assignee is jcooper . When jcooper approves the task, the assignment service assigns the task to jstein . The assignment service also specifies that a notification must be sent to the creator of the task, jlondon . jstein approves the task and the assignment service indicates that there are no more users to thesis which to assign the task. 15.13.2.2 Implementing an Assignment Service. The assignment service is malthus essay principle of population implemented with the IAssignmentService interface. The workflow service passes the following information to the assignment service to thesis that determine the task assignment: Task document #x2014; The task document that is essay of the principle of population executed by the workflow. The task document contains the mla format statement payload and other task information like current state, and so on. Map of properties #x2014; When an assignment service is malthus of the of population specified, a list of properties can also be specified to correlate callbacks with backend services that determine the task assignees. Task history #x2014; The task history is a list of chronologically ordered task documents to trace the history of the task. Thesis Quattro Review! The task documents in this list contain a subset of attributes in principle of population the actual task (such as state , updatedBy , outcome , updatedDate , and so on). 15.13.2.3 Example of Assignment Service Implementation. Audison Thesis! The assignment service class cannot be stateful because every time workflow services need to call the assignment service, it creates a new instance. The getAssigneesToRequestForInformation method can be called multiple times because one of the criteria to show the request-for-information action is that there are users to request information. Therefore, this method is called every time the workflow service tries to malthus essay principle of population determine the permitted actions for a task. Quattro! You can implement your own assignment service plug-in that the workflow service invokes during workflow execution. The following example provides a sample IAssignmentService implementation named TestAssignmentService.java . 15.13.2.4 Deploying a Custom Assignment Service. You must use one of the following methods to make an assignment service implementation class and its related classes available in the class path of Oracle BPEL Process Manager: Load your classes in the SOA_Oracle_Home bpelsystemclasses directory and unzip your JAR files in the same directory. Change the Oracle BPEL Process Manager shared library to include your JAR files. Malthus Essay Principle! You cannot create different versions of the assignment service for use in different BPEL processes unless you change package names or class names. Essay Letter! Java classes and JAR files in the suitcase are not available in the class path and therefore cannot be used as a deployment model for the assignment service. The steps must be repeated for each node in a cluster. The custom escalation function enables you to integrate a custom rule in a workflow. You create a custom task escalation function and register this with the of population workflow service that uses that function in definition page task definitions. The Advanced Settings section of the Human Task editor enables you to integrate the malthus principle of population rule in a human task. 15.14 Workflow Service and Identity Service Related XPath Extension Functions. Oracle BPEL Process Manager provides XPath extension functions for use with the workflow services and the identity service. XPath extension functions mimic XPath 2.0 standards. Table 15-23 lists the supported workflow service functions and Table 15-24 lists the supported identity service functions. Table 15-23 Workflow Service Functions. Table 15-24 Identity Service Functions. 15.14.1 Deprecated Workflow Service and Identity Service Functions. Table 15-25 lists the workflow and identity service functions that are deprecated for this release. Table 15-25 Deprecated Workflow Service and Identity Service Functions. You can specify resource bundles for displaying task details in different languages in Oracle BPEL Worklist Application. In addition, the resource property file WorkflowLabels.properties can be used for setting display names for the following: Dynamic assignment functions. Payload mapping attribute labels. This chapter describes how you can integrate systems and essay counter, services with human workflow into a single end-to-end process flow using Oracle BPEL Process Manager. The predefined workflow participant types are described, as are the components of workflow services#x2014;the task service, task routing service, identity service, worklist service, notification service, and others.

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    Citing Music Sources in Your Essay and of population Bibliography - the 2007 version. [This is an expanded version of a document originating from Western's Don Wright Faculty of Music-- the thesis, former Music History Department - now part of the Department of Music Research and Composition.] Please BEWARE - the principle of population, formatting is NOT OPTIMAL in this html document. I advise consulting the PDF version, for mla format thesis greater accuracy of spacing, etc. LRP. Many students have probably not had much experience writing essays on music, a kind of writing that has its own stylistic conventions. Of The? Humanistic writing on music usually follows the Turabian guide (which is based on The Chicago Manual of Style ), and Turabian will be followed in most of the history courses offered at Western. Creative Writing Programs Canada? No matter what style guide is essay of population, followed, it is important to be consistent and clear, so that the reader can easily track down your references. When writing a music history essay, avoid using abbreviations and symbols: middle C, E, G-natural, A-flat, F-sharp. the keys of F-sharp minor and E-flat major.

    the triad D-F-sharp-A. Use of thesis hyphen in of the principle of population adjectival forms: In the days of typewriters, underlining was an instruction to the typesetter to set a particular passage in audison thesis review italics. With modern software, we now use italics. Italicize all foreign words unless they are particularly familar in English usage: tempo, cello, symphony. tempi, celli, opera comique.

    tempo, tempos, but tempi. libretto, librettos, but libretti. crescendo, crescendos, but crescendi. allegro, andante, cantus firmus, recitative, Kappellmeister. [Beware of inventing your own terms; there is NO such verb as to crescendo!] a) Titles of essay of the operas, oratorios, motets, tone poems, and other long musical compositions are italicized: Death and Transfiguration. b) Titles of songs and other short compositions are given in quotation marks:

    Jesu Joy of Man's Desiring c) Titles consisting of generic terms are capitalized but not italicized or put in quotation marks: Brahms's Ballade op. 118 no. Statement? 3. Schubert's Piano Sonata in B-flat Major. Chopin's Waltz in C-sharp Minor. d) Movement titles are generally capitalized; individual movements from larger works are placed within quotation marks:

    Andante from Mozart's Symphony in G Minor. Kyrie from Beethoven's Missa Solemnis. On a rainy night from Beckwith's Lyrics of the T'ang Dynasty. e) Names of pieces with specific titles should be italicized, IF it is a TRUE title (i.e., one that the composer has given to essay of the, the work): Schumann's Scenes from Childhood. Beethoven Symphony No. 3 ( Eroica ) the Eroica Symphony by Beethoven. f) Names of individual movements from larger compositions (including choral works), when such movements are referred to ph d thesis sustainable, by title, are placed in quotation marks: Contentedness from Schumann's Scenes from Childhood. And He Shall Purify. from Handel's Messiah.

    Wohin from Die Schone Mullerin. Air with Variations ( The Harmonious Blacksmith ) from Handel's Suite no. 5 in E Major. It is malthus essay of the principle of population, important to identify clearly the musical examples you choose to illustrate your essay. Creative Writing Graduate Programs? You should provide all the necessary details: composer, title, movement (if appropriate) and measure numbers: Ex. 1. Mozart, Symphony no.

    41 (Jupiter) K. 551, I, mm. 17-23. In the text of the essay, refer to this example as Ex.1. FOOTNOTE [F] vs. BIBLIOGRAPHY [B] The format of malthus principle footnotes and bibliographic citations differs. A footnote is title research paper, like a sentence, with each major item (author, title, facts of of the publication) separated by a comma. A bibliographic citation, which begins at the left margin, with all subsequent lines indented (known as a “hanging indent”), separates major elements with a period. [You will notice that all FOOTNOTE examples are numbered consecutively, as they would be in an essay.] NOTE that all items in a Bibliography are normally listed alphabetically–by the author's surname. If there is no author's name for an item, list that one item by mla format thesis statement its title (alphabetically) within the list - please see the Sample Bibliography on page 14 of this document. The following examples conform to the 7th edition (2007) of malthus essay principle of population Turabian.

    ARTICLES -- Journals, Magazines, Newspapers, Periodicals, Serials. The seventh edition of the Turabian guide offers different formats for magazine and moore thesis journal citations, which can be problematic. Upon examining her citations ( 17.2-17.4 ), it appears that magazines and of the principle of population newspapers tend to offer one-page articles, while journal articles cover several pages. If you are writing a scholarly paper, choose the citation example for journals 17.2 – which requires you to specify the pagination of the entire article for your bibliography. [The footnote examples below refer to a single page, as is often the case for statement footnotes.] 1. Richard Semmens, “La Furstemberg and St. Martin’s Lane: Purcell’s French Odyssey.” Music Letters 78 (1997): 347. Malthus Essay Of The? [F] Semmens, Richard. “La Furstemberg and St. Martin’s Lane: Purcell’s French Odyssey.” Music Letters 78 (1997): 337-48. Moore States That? [B] 2. Stephen McClatchie, The Gustav Mahler-Alfred Rose Collection at the University of Western Ontario, Notes : Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 52 (December 1995): 387. [F] McClatchie, Stephen. The Gustav Mahler-Alfred Rose Collection at the University of essay principle Western Ontario.

    Notes : Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 52 (December 1995): 385-406. [B] . 3. Susan McClary, Feminine Endings: Music, Gender and Sexuality (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1991), 197. Writing Graduate Programs Canada? [F] McClary, Susan. Feminine Endings: Music, Gender and Sexuality. Minneapolis: University of of the of population Minnesota. 4. Thesis That? Janet R. Barrett, Claire W. McCoy and Kari K. Essay Of Population? Veblen, Sound ways of knowing : music in the interdisciplinary curriculum (New York : Schirmer Books ; London : Prentice Hall International, 1997), 114-16. [F] Barrett, Janet R. , Claire W. McCoy and Kari K. Audison Quattro? Veblen. Sound ways of knowing : music in the interdisciplinary curriculum. New York : Schirmer Books ; London : Prentice Hall International, 1997. [B] Essentially, you are citing a journal article, with the added complication of including the title of the reviewed book. Remember that underlining a title = italics , so BOTH the of the principle, title of the journal and the title of the book must be italicized.

    5. Robert Carl, review of Feminine Endings: Music, Gender, and Sexuality , by Susan McClary, in Notes: Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 48 (June 1992): 1289. [F] Carl, Robert. Review of Feminine Endings: Music, Gender, and Sexuality , by Susan McClary Notes: Quarterly Journal of the counter, Music Library Association 48 (June 1992): 1288-1291. [B] CITING FROM A SECONDARY SOURCE -- or -- I could not consult the 'original' Occasionally, one is forced to cite an entry which refers to of the principle of population, another important work. It may be impossible to consult the definition title research paper, original work, if the original is rare, signed-out, or otherwise difficult to locate. The secondary work may provide a portion of the original work, or may provide a necessary translation; you will cite the original as contained in the secondary source in the following manner:

    6. Robert Schumann, Kennst du das Land, Sammtlicher Lieder , v.2, edited by Max Friedlaender. (Frankfurt: Peters, 19-?), 212; in Norton Anthology of Western Music , 2nd ed., ed. Claude V. Malthus Principle? Palisca. (New York: Norton, 1988), 338. [F] Schumann, Robert. Kennst du das Land. Sammtlicher Lieder , v.2. Edited by Max Friedlaender.

    Frankfurt: Peters, 19-?: 212-215. In Norton Anthology of Western Music , 2nd ed., ed. Claude V. Palisca, 338-342. New York: Norton, 1988. [B] 7. Paul Dukas, Claude Debussy et Paul Dukas, La Revue Musical , Special Numbe r: La Jeunesse de Debussy (May, 1926); cited by Jean Roy, trans. Denis Ogan, in accompanying. booklet to Debussy Melodies, performed by various singers with Dalton Baldwin, piano, EMI Classics, CDM 7640962, 1980, 8. Compact disc. [UWO MCD 7048] [F] Dukas, Paul.

    Claude Debussy et Paul Dukas. Mla Format Statement? La Revue Musical , Special Number: La Jeuness de Debussy (May, 1926). Cited by Jean Roy, trans. Denis Ogan, in accompanying booklet to Debussy Melodies, performed by various singers with Dalton Baldwin, piano, EMI Classics. Malthus Essay Of The Principle Of Population? CDM 7640962, 1980, 8-10 . Compact disc. [UWO MCD7048] [B] DICTIONARIES / ENCYCLOPAEDIAS (four different citation styles-- choose ONE ) 8. Davis? The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary , 3rd rev. ed., 1964, s.v. ornamentation. [F] The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary , 3rd rev. ed., 1964. S.v. Essay Principle? Ornamentation. [B] 9. The New Harvard Dictionary of Music , 1986, s.v. electro-acoustic music, by Jon H. Appleton. [F]

    Subsequent short-form entries (of Ex. 9 above) can be abbreviated to: 10. Appleton, electro-acoustic music in New Harvard Dictionary. [F] The New Harvard Dictionary of davis thesis Music. 1986. S.v. electro-acoustic music by essay of the principle of population Jon H. . Appleton. [B] Despite its name, The New Grove Dictionary is an encyclopaedia.

    The articles are written by experts, and writing graduate canada signed; some articles have been extracted and published as individual books. While the preceding examples are all correct, some prefer the following citation format, which resembles the format for malthus citing journal articles: of Music and Musicians (London: Macmillan, 1980), I: 698. Moore? [F] Robinson, Michael F. Auletta, Pietro. Stanley Sadie, ed., New Grove Dictionary of Music and malthus principle of population Musicians. London: Macmillan, 1980. I: 697-698. Statement? [B] The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians is also available online. Please be aware that the citation examples given in Grove Music Online reflect British practice , and as such are incorrect for those North Americans using either the Chicago Manual of Style or Turabian’s A Manual for of the principle of population Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and davis moore Dissertations . 12.

    Grove Music Online , s.v. Schafer, R. Murray (by Stephen Adams), http://www.grovemusic.com/ (accessed November 19, 2007). [F] Adams, Stephen. S.v. Schafer, R. Malthus Essay Of The Principle? Murray. Grove Music Online . http://www.grovemusic.com (accessed. 13. Gary C. Moore? Thomas, Was George Frideric Handel gay? : on closet questions and cultural politics, in Queering the Pitch: The New Gay and Lesbian Musicology , eds. Philip Brett, Elizabeth Wood, Gary C. Thomas (New York: Routledge, 1994), 167. [F] Thomas, Gary C. Was George Frideric Handel gay? : on closet questions and malthus essay principle cultural politics. In Queering the Pitch: The New Gay and Lesbian Musicology , eds.

    Philip Brett, Elizabeth Wood, Gary C. Thomas,155-203. New York: Routledge, 1994. [B] Festschrift, citing entire volume, with editor as 'author': 14. David Hunter, ed., Music Publishing Collecting: Essays in Honor of Donald W. Krummel. Hunter, David, ed. Davis Thesis That? Music Publishing Collecting: Essays in Honor of Donald W. Krummel. Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, 1994. [B] Festschrift, citing a single essay by one author:

    15. Calvin Elliker, The Collector and malthus principle of population Reception History: The Case of audison thesis review Josiah Kirby Lilly, in essay principle of population Music. Publishing Collecting: Essays in definition research paper Honor of malthus essay of the principle Donald W. Krummel , ed. David Hunter. (Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, Elliker, Calvin.

    The Collector and Reception History: The Case of Josiah Kirby Lilly. In Music Publishing Collecting: Essays in Honor of Donald W. Krummel , edited by David Hunter. Definition Page? Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, 1994: 189-203. [B] [Return to Index] 16. Gustav Mahler to Justine Mahler, July 31, 1897, in The Mahler Family Letters , ed. Stephen. McClatchie (New York: Oxford, 2006), 320. [F] Mahler, Gustav. Gustav to Justine Mahler, July 31, 1897. In The Mahler Family Letters , edited by Stephen McClatchie. New York: Oxford, 2006. Malthus? [B]

    17. Title Page? Cesar Cui to “Mon cher editeur” [Monsieur Heugel], November 16, [18]91, Gift of the Wilhelmina. McIntosh Book Fund of the Faculty of Music, The Opera Collection, MZ590, Music Library, University. of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. Cui, Cesar. Cui to “Mon cher editeur” [Monsieur Heugel], November 16, [18]91.

    Gift of the Wilhelmina McIntosh Book Fund of the Faculty of Music. The Opera Collection, MZ590. Music Library, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. Talma, Louise. Pastoral Prelude . Boston: Carl Fischer, 1952. [B]

    19. Claude Debussy, Le vent dans la plaine, Preludes , ed. Pierre Marchand (Paris: Durand, ca. Debussy, Claude. Malthus Essay Principle? Le vent dans la plaine, Preludes . Ph D Sustainable Development? Edited by Pierre Marchand. Paris: Durand, ca.1910. [B] 20. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, The Magic Flute , original text by Emanuel Schikaneder and Carl.

    Giesecke, English version by malthus essay principle Ruth and essay letter counter Thomas Martin (New York: G. Malthus Essay Of The? Schirmer, 1951), 157. [F] Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. Letter? The Magic Flute . Original text by Emanuel Schikaneder and Carl Giesecke. Malthus Essay Of The? English version by Ruth and Thomas Martin. New York: G. Schirmer, 1951. [B] MUSIC, PRINTED -- issued as part of an Anthology, or Collected Work. 21. Robert Schumann, Kennst du das Land, Sammtlicher Lieder , v.2, edited by Max Friedlaender. (Frankfurt: Peters, 19-?), 213. [F] Schumann, Robert. Definition Title? Kennst du das Land, Sammtlicher Lieder , v.2.

    Edited by Max Friedlaender. Frankfurt: Peters, 19-?: 212-215. Malthus Essay Of Population? [B] 22. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Die Zauberflote , Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart neue. Ausgabe samtlicher Werke , series 2, workgroup 5, vol. 19 (Kassel: Barenreiter, 1970), 205. [F] Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. Die Zauberflote . Ph D Sustainable? Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart neue Ausgabe samtlicher Werke , series 2, workgroup 5, vol.

    19. Kassel: Barenreiter, 1970. [B] 23. Malthus Principle Of Population? Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ah, lo previdi! K. Davis Moore Thesis That? 272, in Twenty-one Concert Arias for Soprano , v.1 (New York: G. Schirmer, 1952), 15. [F] Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. Ah, lo previdi! K. 272. In Twenty-one Concert Arias for essay principle Soprano , v.1, 14-34 . New York: G. Schirmer, 1952. [B] 24. Robert Schumann, Kennst du das Land, in creative writing canada Norton Anthology of Western Music , 2nd ed., ed.

    Claude V. Malthus? Palisca (New York: Norton, 1988), 338. Thesis? [F] Schumann, Robert. Kennst du das Land. In Norton Anthology of Western Music , 2nd ed., ed. Claude V. Palisca, 338-342. New York: Norton, 1988. [B] 25. Undine Smith Moore, “Mother to Son,” in Contemporary Anthology of Music by Women , ed. James R. Malthus Essay? Briscoe (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1997), 224-28. [F] Moore, Undine Smith. Sustainable Development? “Mother to Son.” In Contemporary Anthology of Music by Women , 224-28.

    Edited by James R. Briscoe. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1997. [B] 26. Gustav Mahler, Symphony No. 1, copyist's score with annotations in Mahler's hand, ?1888-1889, CDN-Lu OS-MD-694, v.1-2. The Gustav Mahler-Alfred Rose Collection, The Music Library, University of essay of the Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. [F] Mahler, Gustav. Symphony No.1. Copyist's score with annotations in Mahler's hand, ?1888-89, CDN-Lu. OS-MD-694, v.1-2. Essay? The Gustav Mahler-Alfred Rose Collection, The Music Library, University of of population Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. Page Paper? [B]

    MUSIC, MANUSCRIPTS- FACSIMILE REPRODUCTIONS. 27. Il Codice Squarcialupi: MS. Mediceo Palatino 87, Biblioteca laurenziana di Firenze. 15th century. music manuscript, facsimile reproduction in colour with accompanying volume of studies edited by F. Alberto Gallo. (Firenze: Giunti Barbera; [Lucca]: Libreria musicale italiana, 1992), f. 14. [F] Il Codice Squarcialupi: MS. Mediceo Palatino 87, Biblioteca laurenziana DI Firenze. 15th century music. manuscript, facsimile reproduction in colour with accompanying volume of essay of the principle studies edited by F. Essay Letter Counter? Alberto.

    Gallo. Firenze: Giunti Barbera; [Lucca]: Libreria musicale italiana, 1992. [B] [Return to Index] MUSIC, COMMERCIALLY-RECORDED -- vinyl, cassettes, DATs, CDs, etc. You will notice that several of the following examples do not include a date. While CDs frequently have a date of essay manufacture on ph d thesis development the label, vinyl recordings often do not include this information. Rather than provide incorrect information, it is preferable to omit the date. The manufacturer's name and label number are sufficient to identify a recording. Of Population? You may choose to include the mla format statement, Library's call number for an item, where applicable.

    28. Gustav Mahler, Symphony no. Of The? 1 in D Major (Titan) , Columbia Symphony Orchestra conducted. by Bruno Walter (Columbia ML 5794), vinyl recording. [F] Mahler, Gustav. Symphony no. Audison Thesis Quattro Review? 1 in D Major (Titan) , Columbia Symphony Orchestra conducted by Bruno Walter. Columbia ML 5794. Vinyl recording. [B] 29. Gustav Mahler, Symphony no.1 in D Major , Concertgebouw Orchestra conducted by Leonard.

    Bernstein, Deutsche Grammophon 431 036-2, 1989, compact disc. [UWO MCD 6866] [F] Mahler, Gustav. Symphony no.1 in D Major , Concertgebouw Orchestra conducted by Leonard Bernstein. Deutsche Grammophon 431 036-2, 1989. Compact disc. Essay Of Population? [UWO: MCD 6866] [B]

    30. Davis Moore? Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ah, lo previdi! K. 272. In Konzert-Arien sung by Gundula Janowitz. with the of the principle, Wiener Symphoniker conducted by Wilfried Boettcher, Deutsche Grammophon 449 723-2., recorded 1966, reissued 1966.

    Compact disc. [UWO MCD 11121] [F] Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. Ah, lo previdi! K. 272. In Konzert-Arien sung by thesis Gundula Janowitz with the Wiener Symphoniker conducted by of population Wilfried Boettcher. Creative Writing? Deutsche Grammophon 449 723-2. Recorded1966, reissued 1996. Compact disc. [UWO: MCD 11121] [B]

    MUSIC, COMMERCIALLY-RECORDED: 'Accompanying Notes' or Booklet Information. The booklets which accompany CDs, the jackets/sleeves of vinyl LPs, and other inserts are legitimate sources of information, especially when the author's name is principle of population, provided. Generally speaking, signed works are considered to mla format thesis, be more reliable and scholarly than unsigned works. Again, the call number is optional. See also example no. 5 (above), which deals with a translated text. 31. Humphrey Searle, Anton Webern in accompanying booklet, Webern: Complete Works Opp. Malthus? 1-31 performed by the Juilliard String Quartet and the London Sinfonietta conducted by Pierre Boulez, SONY Classical S3K 45845, 1991, compact disc. [UWO MCD 6153] [F]

    Searle, Humphrey. Anton Webern essay in accompanying booklet, Webern: Complete Works Opp. 1-31 performed by essay the Juilliard String Quartet and the London Sinfonietta conducted by Pierre Boulez. SONY Classical S3K 45845, 1991. Malthus Essay Principle? Compact disc. [UWO MCD 6153] [B] Citing an obituary in creative writing programs canada your essay? Follow the malthus of population, format for ARTICLES (above). It makes no difference whether the obituary comes from a newspaper or a journal, so long as you provide the full pagination. [Return to Index] Works of special significance are often reprinted. One must give details of both the original and the reprint editions as shown by the following examples. 32.

    Allen Forte, The Compositional Matrix (Baldwin, N.Y.: Music Teachers National Association, 1961; reprint, New York: Da Capo, 1971), 35-39 (page citations are to the reprint edition). Mla Format Thesis? [F] Forte, Allen. Malthus Of The? The Compositonal Matrix . Baldwin, NY: Music Teachers National Association, 1961. Reprint: New York: Da Capo, 1971. [B] Many important music manuscripts have been made available in reproduction editions (see MUSIC, MANUSCRIPTS - FACSIMILE REPRODUCTIONS above); important (or otherwise interesting) editions of early published music have also been reprinted, and are of interest to performers and scholars alike. 33. William Boyce, Lyra Britannica: being a collection of essay counter songs, duets and cantatas on various subjects. (London: I. Walsh, [1745]; reprint, Cambridgeshire: King's Music, n.d.), 8-9 (page citations are to the reprint edition). [F] Boyce, William. Lyra Britannica: being a collection of songs, duets and cantatas on various subjects . London: I. Walsh, [1745]. Reprint: Cambridgeshire: King's Music, n.d.. [B] [Return to Index]

    These are technically unpublished works, written to fulfill degree requirements at a particular institution. A thesis is written in malthus of the partial fulfillment of the requirements for thesis states a Masters degree: 34. Anthony Strangis, Kurt Weill and opera for the people in Germany and America. Of The Principle Of Population? (MM thesis, University of Western Ontario, 1987), 179. [F] Strangis, Anthony.

    Kurt Weill and moore thesis states that opera for the people in malthus of the principle Germany and America. MM thesis, University of Western Ontario, 1987. [B] A dissertation is written for a PhD (Doctor of statement Philosophy ) degree: 35. Of Population? Alison Stonehouse, Metastasio's Poetry and Drama in France, 1750-1800. Thesis Quattro Review? (PhD diss., University of Western Ontario, 1997), 133. Essay Of The Principle Of Population? [F] Stonehouse, Alison. Metastasio's Poetry and Drama in France, 1750-1800. PhD diss., University of Western Ontario, 1997. [B]

    See also example no. 7 above, which cites a translated text as given in a CD booklet. 36. Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Essay on the true art of playing keyboard instruments, trans. and essay letter counter edited by William J. Mitchell (New York : W. Malthus Of Population? W. Norton, [1949]), 97. [F] Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel. Essay on the true art of playing keyboard instruments . Translated and edited by William J. Thesis? Mitchell. New York: Norton, [1949]. [B] 37. Richard Strauss, Salome , Royal Opera Covent Garden, conducted by malthus essay of the principle Bernard Haitink, directed by Derek Bailey and Peter Hall, 105 min., Covent Garden Pioneer : Public Media Home Vision, SAL 090, ISBN 0-7800-1433-2, 1992, videocassette. Writing Graduate? [UWO MVD 26] [F]

    Strauss, Richard. Salome , Royal Opera Covent Garden, conducted by Bernard Haitink, directed by Derek Bailey and Peter Hall. 105 min. Covent Garden Pioneer : Public Media Home Vision, SAL 090, ISBN 0-7800-1433-2,1992, videocassette. [UWO MVD 26] [B] CITING ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS [WWW, CD-ROMS, email] Citing electronic documents and of the information differs somewhat from citation formats for print materials. You still require the graduate programs, same basic information: author -- this can be a person, a company, a library responsibility -- (Photographer) or (Painter) or ?? date -- of an art work, or date of malthus of the principle copyright, or update title -- title of the web-page, CD-ROM index or database nature -- [Photograph] [Image of oil painting] format -- [CD-ROM] or [Online] or [Electronic] or [Internet] publisher -- data provider/company identifier -- database identifier/accession number of article date -- date you viewed/consulted the information.

    The date may be found on ph d a CD-ROM disc, but when the CD-ROM is networked, you do not have the opportunity to see the actual disc. You may see a version number or copyright date as you log-in to a database or networked CD-ROM. Alternately, you may cite the date you accessed the product or service. Of The Of Population? The latest edition of Turabian does not require an access date, however all other style guides do require this information. Certain databases give accession numbers ( e.g. ERIC), and those accession numbers should be included in letter counter your bibliographic citation.

    Essentially, you should provide sufficient information so that someone reading your essay can find the same information/site--which means that you should include the essay of the principle of population, complete URL (beginning with: http://. ) if you are citing a WWW-site. Given the fugitive nature: of ph d sustainable development information on of the the WWW, if you are engaged in writing a thesis or dissertation, it would be wise to PRINT a copy of any needed web-document, and physically include it in your work (as an Appendix or other type of example). Cite ONLY those electronic sources which are full-text or which provide other useful information. Ph D Thesis Sustainable? Indexing tools which provide citations only, such as the Music Index (print version), are not cited; do not cite electronic indexes, either -- unless they provide full-text articles! FULL-TEXT ARTICLE, originally published in malthus essay of population print form. If you are able to consult the print version of the thesis, article, then you can use the less-complicated citation format for ARTICLES (above). Electronic full-text articles may provide the pagination of the original, but rarely format the document with the essay principle, original page breaks, which has implications for citation format (meaning that you should count the number of paragraphs, and then specify them, by number). 38. Programs Canada? Linda Hutcheon and Michael Hutcheon, Opera and national identity: new Canadian opera, Canadian Theatre Review (Fall 1998): 5-8, Canadian Business and Current Affairs : par. 12, online, available: Silver Platter WebSPIRS, [database online, UWO], AN: 4413119, accessed 1999, December 12. [F]

    Hutcheon, Linda and malthus principle Michael Hutcheon. Opera and national identity: new Canadian opera. Canadian Theatre Review (Fall, 1998): 5-8. Canadian Business and Current Affairs [database online, UWO], AN: 4413119. Accessed 1999, December 12. Creative Writing Graduate? [B] 39. Principle? Joanne Close, A case for arts education, Teach Magazine (Nov/Dec 1997), 26-29, para.

    4, online, Canadian Business and Current Affairs Fulltext Education [1976-current] [database online, UWO], AN 3701127, accessed 2000, January 5. [F] Close, Joanne. A case for arts education. Mla Format Thesis? Teach Magazine (Nov/DEC 1997): 26-29, Canadian Business and Current Affairs Fulltext Education [1976-current] [database online, UWO], AN 3701127. Accessed January 5, 2000. Malthus Essay Principle? [B] 40. Stephen McClatchie, “The 1889 Version of Mahler's First Symphony: A New Manuscript Source,” 19th-Century Music 20 (Autumn, 1996): 102-3, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0148-2076%28199623%2920%3A2%3C99%3AT1VOMF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C. (accessed November 21, 2007). Moore Thesis That? [F]

    McClatchie, Stephen. The 1889 Version of Mahler's First Symphony: A New Manuscript Source. 19th-Century Music 20 (Autumn, 1996): 99-124. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0148-2076%28199623%2920%3A2%3C99%3AT1VOMF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C. (accessed November 21, 2007). Essay Of The Of Population? [B] FULL-TEXT ARTICLE, originally published in French, translation available on WWW. 41. Louise Lamothe, Who remembers Disc-O-Logue? interview by sustainable development Richard Baillargeon, Rendez-vous 92 (2nd annual joint bulletin of Ye-Ye Publications and SARMA), 1992?, para. Essay Of The Of Population? 5 online, translation courtesy The National Library of Canada, ©1997-08-12; available from: http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/discologue/intervie.htm, Internet, accessed 2000, December 17. [F]

    Lamothe, Louise. Who remembers Disc-O-Logue? Interview by Richard Baillargeon. Rendezvous 92 (2nd annual joint bulletin of Ye-Ye Publications and SARMA), 1992? Translation courtesy The National Library of Canada, ©1997-08-12. Available from: http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/discologue/intervie.htm. Internet. Ph D? Accessed 2000, December 17. [B] Not all sites provide the required information for a complete bibliographic citation.

    Check the list given on the previous page [under CITING ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS] and include as much information as is possible. 42. Lawrie Raskin, (Photographer), Living room in Glenn Gould's apartment on essay of the principle of population St. Davis Thesis That? Clair Avenue. West in Toronto, January 20, 1983 [Photograph on Internet], Glenn Gould Archive, National Library. of Canada, available: http://www.gould.nlc-bnc.ca/exhi/images/ iv41.jpg, Internet, accessed 2000, January 7. Malthus Of The Principle? [F] Raskin, Lawrie. (Photographer).

    Living room in Glenn Gould's apartment on thesis quattro St. Clair Avenue West in Toronto . Malthus Essay Of The? [Photograph], [Internet] January 20, 1983. Glenn Gould Archive, National Library of Canada. Available: http://www.gould.nlc-bnc.ca/exhi/images/iv41.jpg. Internet. Accessed 2000, January 7. [B] PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER – the sample bibliography.

    Bibliographies are arranged in ALPHABETICAL ORDER - by the author’s surname . If, on occasion, you have NO author’s name - the convention is to use the TITLE (and IGNORE leading articles such as “the”, “a”) when placing the essay counter, item alphabetically within your list. Boyce, William. Lyra Britannica: being a collection of songs, duets and cantatas on of population various subjects. London: I. Walsh, [1745]. Reprint: Cambridgeshire: King's Music, n.d..

    Carl, Robert. Review of Feminine Endings: Music, Gender, and ph d development Sexuality , by Susan McClary. Notes: Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 48 (June 1992): 1288-1291. Close, Joanne. A case for essay principle of population arts education. Teach Magazine (Nov/Dec1997): 26-29, Canadian Business and Current Affairs Fulltext Education [1976-current] [database online, UWO AN 3701127. Accessed January 5, 2000. Il Codice Squarcialupi: MS. Davis Thesis States That? Mediceo Palatino 87, Biblioteca laurenziana DI Firenze. 15th century music. manuscript, facsimile reproduction in colour with accompanying volume of studies edited by F. Alberto.

    Gallo. Malthus Principle? Firenze: Giunti Barbera; [Lucca]: Libreria musicale italiana, 1992. Elliker, Calvin. The Collector and Reception History: The Case of Josiah Kirby Lilly. In Music Publishing Collecting: Essays in Honor of Donald W. Krummel , edited by David Hunter.

    Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, 1994: 189-203. Forte, Allen. The Compositonal Matrix . Thesis Sustainable Development? Baldwin, NY: Music Teachers National Association, 1961. Reprint: New York: Da Capo, 1971. Mahler, Gustav. Symphony No.1. Copyist's score with annotations in Mahler's hand, ?1888-89, CDN-Lu OS-MD-694, v.1-2. The Gustav Mahler-Alfred Rose Collection, The Music Library, University of essay of population Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. ______.

    Symphony no.1 in creative graduate programs canada D Major , Concertgebouw Orchestra conducted by Leonard Bernstein. Deutsche Grammophon 431 036-2, 1989. Compact disc. Malthus Of The Of Population? [UWO: MCD 6866] McClary, Susan. Feminine Endings: Music, Gender and Sexuality. Minneapolis: University of programs canada Minnesota Press, 1991. McClatchie, Stephen. The Gustav Mahler-Alfred Rose Collection at the University of malthus of the of population Western Ontario. Notes: Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 52 (December 1995): 385-406.

    ______. 'Liebste Justi': The Family Letters of Gustav Mahler. In Mahler Studies , ed. Stephen E. Ph D Thesis Sustainable? Hefling, 53-77. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians . 1980. Malthus Essay Principle? S.v. Auletta, Pietro, by Michael F. Robinson. Raskin, Lawrie. (Photographer). Living room in Glenn Gould's apartment on St. Clair Avenue West in Toronto . Audison Thesis? [Photograph], [Internet] January 20, 1983. Glenn Gould Archive, National Library of malthus principle Canada.

    Available: http://www.gould.nlc-bnc.ca/exhi/images/iv41.jpg. Internet. Accessed 2000, January 7. Schumann, Robert. Kennst du das Land. Sammtlicher Lieder , v.2. Edited by davis moore that Max Friedlaender. Frankfurt: Peters, 19-?: 212-215. In Norton Anthology of malthus Western Music , 2nd ed., ed. Claude V. Palisca, 338-342.

    New York: Norton, 1988. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary , 3rd rev. ed., 1964. Writing Graduate Canada? S.v. Ornamentation. Stonehouse, Alison. Malthus Essay Of The Principle? Metastasio's Poetry and Drama in France, 1750-1800. PhD diss., University of Western Ontario, 1997. Strangis, Anthony. Kurt Weill and opera for the people in Germany and definition title paper America.

    MM thesis, University of Western Ontario, 1987. Strauss, Richard. Salome , Royal Opera Covent Garden, conducted by Bernard Haitink, directed by Derek Bailey and Peter Hall. 105 min. Covent Garden Pioneer : Public Media Home Vision, SAL 090, ISBN 0-7800-1433-2, 1992, videocassette. [UWO MVD 26]

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