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My Favorite Relative essays

Essay about my favorite relative

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AP and Other Stories Summary and Analysis of essay about my favorite relative A P, Part 1. This story is narrated by Sammy, a young cashier at the supermarket A P. Ethical Decision Making Process Essay? One day, three girls in bathing suits stop in to buy some snacks. Sammy is immediately struck by about my favorite a “chunky” (596) girl with a “sweet broad soft-looking can.” He is so attracted to her that he accidentally rings up a box of crackers twice, provoking the ire of the middle-aged customer who was trying to buy them. By the time Sammy calms down the writing french, irate customer, the girls are making their way towards an about, aisle close to his checkout slot. He notices that the girls are barefoot. None of writing french essays them are particularly beautiful; he characterizes the essay about my favorite, first as chunky and “pale” and the second as “the kind of immigrant chronicle essays girl that other girls think is very ‘striking’ and ‘attractive’ but never quite makes it.” However, he quickly identifies the third as their leader, noticing that she walks slightly ahead of her friends and essay about relative almost seems to be showing them how to command attention. He infers that it was her idea to come to A P in the first place. He calls her the queen or, later, Queenie. Sammy notices that the straps of the queen’s bathing suit have slipped off her shoulders, so there is no clothing between the top of the bathing suit and the top of peter chronicle her head. He is in awe of her beauty, and marvels that only an extraordinarily pretty girl could get away with walking into a grocery store with her straps down. He continues to stare at her physical features, including her long neck and her oaky hair.

The other people in the store are shocked by my favorite the girls’ skimpy attire, as well as the fact that they are walking “against the short, usual traffic” (597) down the aisles. Sammy criticizes these “sheep” for looking askance at the girls but also being attracted to them. He speculates that “you could set off dynamite” (598) in an A P and the shoppers would still go about their business as usual. Nevertheless, they do seem a bit “jiggled,” with some women even turning around to look at the girls again, as if they cannot believe their eyes. About My Favorite? Only ten years before John Updike published “A P,” his New Yorker colleague J.D. Salinger rocked the literary establishment with his first novel, The Catcher in the Rye . What? There are striking similarities between Holden Caulfield, the main character of Salinger’s novel, and Updike’s narrator Sammy.

Both hold a deep-seated contempt for authority and essay about my favorite hypocrisy. But while Salinger’s hero is so self-absorbed that we never get an objective perspective on his world, Sammy is sharply perceptive, offering insights about essays human nature and society at large. The main action of “A P” unfolds not in the grocery store but in Sammy’s mind. It is not a chronicle of about his ordinary day at essays work, but rather of his rejection of bourgeois conformity. Some critics trace Sammy’s heritage not to Holden Caulfield but to Ralph Waldo Emerson, who advocated for non-conformity and relative moral self-reliance (Porter 1155). In the early pages of ethical decision essay “A P,” Sammy establishes his contempt for conformity and consumerism, insinuating that the people who shop at A P are “sheep” (597) who can never be roused out of their daily routines. This critique is cemented by his detailed description of the store. Sammy locates himself “between the checkouts and the Special bins” (596) and describes the girls going up “the cat-and-dog-food-breakfast-cereal-macaroni-rice-raisins-seasonings-spreads-spaghetti-soft-drinks-crackers-and-cookies aisle” (597). This careful delineation of the essay about my favorite, story’s space suggests an underlying concern for realism despite Sammy’s lighthearted rhetorical style, which often relies on peter skrzynecki immigrant essays caricature. Sammy’s list of grocery items in the aisle is humorous, but it also indicates a deep sense of unease with the rampant consumerism in American culture. About My Favorite? None of the foods Sammy lists are nutritious.

They are all snack foods or condiments—or in proposal, the case of the pet foods, not for relative, human consumption at all. Rather than a necessity for survival, Updike portrays grocery shopping as a lavish exercise in self-indulgence. By buying so many unnecessary items, he suggests that people abstract themselves from short about, their physical existence as human beings. Sammy’s sexual desire for the girls initially seems to be an antidote to this deadening consumerism. If the other shoppers have, in conforming, sacrificed their humanity, then the girls’ rebellion against social norms seems to be a refreshing dose of essay about human vitality. This interpretation is ethical decision process reinforced by their nakedness; by forgoing regular clothing and the conformity that comes with it, they embrace their fundamental human nature, and essay my favorite relative the beauty of this spectacle is essays stunning to all who witness it. However, there is an alternate interpretation of the girls’ nudity. They are consumers just as much as the older shoppers are, and like those shoppers, they embrace unhealthy foods, looking at cookies before finally deciding to buy the herring snacks. They are conformists in about my favorite relative, their own way, with the queen leading the short, other two girls who timidly “peek around [the queen’s body] and [hunch] over a little” (597).

Although he knows nothing of their personalities and concedes that two of the girls are unattractive, Sammy still lusts after them. His sexual desire, then, is just as greedy and overindulgent as the shoppers’ desire for snack foods. Over the course of his career, Updike has sometimes been accused of about relative misogyny (Shapiro, Roiphe). Based on his descriptions of the women in the story, Sammy certainly seems to have a misogynist worldview. He insinuates that the young girls are catty exhibitionists, but the brunt of his contempt is reserved for older women. These middle-aged housewives, he suggests, are the ethical decision process, engines of essay my favorite American consumerism, and he consistently belittles them, describing them as “houseslaves in pin curlers” (598).

His account of the middle-aged woman at the beginning of “A P” is chronicle essays dehumanizing; he calls her a witch and compares her to a bird, calming her down by “[getting] her feathers smoothed and her goodies into a bag” (596). Although the character’s outlook should not necessarily be extended to Updike himself, there are certainly grounds to essay, criticize his treatment of women. How To Cite http://www.gradesaver.com/a-and-p-and-other-stories/study-guide/summary-a-and-p-part-1 in short happiness, MLA Format. Study Guide Navigation About AP and Other Stories AP and Other Stories Summary Character List Glossary Themes Quotes and about my favorite Analysis Summary And Analysis Ace in the Hole A P, Part 1 A P, Part 2 A P, Part 3 Pigeon Feathers Separating Short Easter Consumerism and peter essays the Cold War Related Links Essay Questions Quizzes - Test Yourself! Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz 3 Quiz 4 Citations Related Content Study Guide Essays Q A Mini-Store John Updike Biography. AP and Other Stories Questions and Answers. The Question and Answer section for AP and Other Stories is essay about a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the decision making, novel. Sammy seems mature enough to notice the rampant consumerism in American culture.

None of the foods Sammy lists are nutritious. They are all snack foods or condiments—or in the case of the pet foods, not for human consumption at relative all. Skrzynecki Immigrant Chronicle? Rather than a. One major theme is fraudulent authority, as illustrated through the essay my favorite relative, character of Lengel. Lengel is unbending, without foresight. he has no customer skills, thus, his position is a sham. Irony can be found in Sammy's actions. the way he speaks.

I bet you could set off dynamite in an A P and the people would by and large keep reaching and checking oatmeal off their lists and muttering Let me see, there was a third thing, began with A, asparagus, no, ah, yes. Study Guide for immigrant essays, AP and Other Stories. AP and Other Stories study guide contains a biography of John Updike, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. AP and Other Stories essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of AP and other short stories by essay about John Updike.

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My Favorite relative is my Mom by Viviana Morales on Prezi

Obama’s Favorite Theologian? A Short Course on Reinhold Niebuhr. Some of the nation’s leading journalists gathered in Key West, Fla., in relative, May 2009 for the Pew Forum’s biannual Faith Angle Conference on religion, politics and peter immigrant essays, public life. Ever since then-Sen. Barack Obama spoke of his admiration for relative Reinhold Niebuhr in a 2007 interview with New York Times columnist David Brooks, there has been speculation about the extent to which the 20th-century theologian has influenced Obama’s views on faith, politics and social change.

Wilfred McClay, a historian specializing in American intellectual history and essays, author of The Masterless: Self and Society in Modern America , which won the 1995 Merle Curti Award in intellectual history, offered an overview of Niebuhr’s unique form of essay relative progressive Christianity and addressed ongoing debates about the what proposal influence of Niebuhr’s work on 20th-century American politics and international affairs. E.J. About. Dionne, columnist for The Washington Post , remarked on the recent revival of interest in writing french, Niebuhrian thought and spoke about the essay role Niebuhr played as a public intellectual active during the worldwide political upheavals of the 1930s, ’40s and ethical decision, ’50s. Speaker: Wilfred M. McClay, SunTrust Bank Chair of Excellence in Humanities, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. Respondent: E.J. Dionne Jr., Columnist, The Washington Post ; Senior Advisor, Pew Research Center’s Forum on about, Religion Public Life. Moderator: Michael Cromartie, Vice President, Ethics Public Policy Center; Senior Advisor, Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion Public Life. And Obama went on for 25 minutes about his admiration for Reinhold Niebuhr. And then David did a column on Niebuhr and then we got an excuse to do Niebuhr.

So that’s why we’re talking about Reinhold Niebuhr – because our president likes Reinhold Niebuhr. But we thought you wanted to know about him anyway. So our session is really not about President Obama; it’s about hog farming, Reinhold Niebuhr. But we used that teaser “Obama’s Favorite Theologian?” just to get your attention. And I’m sure the president’s name will come up in essay about my favorite relative, our conversation. Bill McClay is an process intellectual historian who’s taught at Tulane and essay about relative, Georgetown universities and now is an makes a good proposal endowed chair at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. Bill has, if you look at his bio, written some very important books.

One is called The Masterless: Self and Society in Modern America , which was the winner of a best-book award – the Merle Curti Award in intellectual history – in essay my favorite relative, 1995. Writing French. Remind me, Bill, who was Merle Curti? WILFRED MCCLAY: He was a great intellectual historian. MCCLAY: From the University of Wisconsin. CROMARTIE: Okay, good, well you won his award in 1995 and that’s why we invited you. My Favorite Relative. Now ladies and gentlemen, we’re going to hear from Bill McClay and then E.J. Dionne is going to critical thinking, read to us from about five different books by essay about my favorite relative Niebuhr that he has stacked over here. E.J.

DIONNE: Even a thriller. Skrzynecki Immigrant Chronicle. How do you like that? I have a thriller on relative, my list. CROMARTIE: And you’re going to do all that in 15 minutes? CROMARTIE: Okay. Bill, we look forward. Thank you. MCCLAY: Thanks. This is really quite a change.

I think Francis Collins and Barbara Bradley Hagerty had a sort of uplifting, hopeful subject. French Essays. And I have Niebuhr who’s – I think by the time we get through with this you may be ready to slash your wrists. (Laughter.) But I hope not. Essay About. I hope not. CROMARTIE: Do you have a song about that – suicide? (Laughter.) MCCLAY: “Stormy Weather.” I’m leaning with “Stormy Weather.” But actually I think there are some connections with what Professor Robert Putnam is going to be doing tomorrow. So I think you will see some linkages. Essays. Niebuhr is a theologian. He’s also a student of essay my favorite relative power politics and a great admirer of the saying of Lord Acton, that the power corrupts and PowerPoint corrupts absolutely. French Essays. (Laughter.) But now, there are souls who – let me finish – there are souls who are pure enough, children of light, as Niebuhr might say, who can – actually that’s a double-edged thing, you’ll see – but who can do it. But I’m not one of them.

So there will be no PowerPoint, which is not to essay relative, say that there won’t be any corruption, but at least that particular occasion of ethical process sin is one I’m going to essay about relative, pass up. Mike’s right: The occasion for critical thinking development this – the essay about relative hook – is this discussion between David Brooks and then-Senator Obama, which was in 2007, actually. And actually, it was at a time when his candidacy was beginning to look very plausible. Critical Thinking. And it’s interesting – this may or may not be significant – but he said that Niebuhr was one of essay about his favorite philosophers, according to David’s transcription – not one of his favorite theologians. So that may or may not have any significance. And of course, David did say that Obama gave a sort of perfect description of the book in essays, perfect sentences and perfect paragraph structure for 20 minutes, which does suggest that he knew the book in essay, question, The Irony of American History , which is one of the books I’m going to short essays, talk about. Obama’s not the about first American president to declare his fondness for and leadership development Niebuhr. Jimmy Carter notably did, and essay my favorite, both before and after his election. Essays. Some people think that the famous “malaise” speech had some Niebuhrian input, and certainly it was influenced by Christopher Lasch’s book The Culture of Narcissism , although in ways that Lasch didn’t particularly like. It always tends to happen, when politicians use your books in speeches – all of essay relative a sudden you’re not so thrilled to see it happening.

And I think Niebuhr would have been, probably, no exception. In any event, as Mike has said, I’m not really going to talk very much about what makes a good proposal, Obama. Essay About My Favorite Relative. I have a feeling you all would want to, and between E.J. and myself, we may have some thoughts. And certainly, I’m not going to get into the question of whether his interest – Obama’s interest in ethical decision process essay, Niebuhr – is genuine or not, whether he really understands Niebuhr or not. My Favorite. That’s unrelated to my pay grade. Ethical Making Essay. I won’t say above or below – instead, what I really want to essay about, do is what I said in the title, is to lay out his vision, his worldview in a kind of short course. And obviously, if there’s an agenda here, it’s simply to what makes dissertation proposal, indicate that his thinking, although it does develop – and whose doesn’t – has a core of consistency.

There is my favorite a core to Niebuhr that seems to me carries through some three decades of concentrated work. I will avoid, strenuously, speculating about “what would Niebuhr do,” what would Niebuhr say, about embryonic stem cell research or whatever other present-day issue. I think there’s plenty to talk about, just with respect to what he did say and happiness, think. Essay My Favorite. And I’ll lay that out and then we can speculate. Niebuhr is the outstanding public theologian of the 20th century, and what, I’m sure you know about him. You may not know much about him. He has become a figure of obscurity in recent decades, and that’s partly because the term “public theologian” has come to represent something of a null set in recent times. I remember in the issue of Time right before 9/11, Stanley Hauerwas was dubbed America’s best theologian. But he’s not really a theologian who, whatever his other virtues, has much of practical import to say about political life. But Niebuhr had an about my favorite relative unusually long and makes a good dissertation proposal, productive career.

He turned out many books, many articles; wrote journalistically; wrote highly, densely scholarly works. He was engaged. He was involved in the politics of the essay about my favorite relative day, from World War I all the way to the Vietnam War. So he was not only peter chronicle, a theologian of great distinction, but also a public intellectual who addressed himself to the full range of public concerns and about my favorite relative, had an enormously capacious mind that really could take in all kinds of issues that he wouldn’t necessarily have discussed in his books. His importance in his time tells you something about his time.

It was a time when theologians were important people. And it was a time when there was that great vitality in the mainline of Protestantism that Barbara referred to. It’s an indication of the severe attenuation of that influence that the hog farming closest thing to Niebuhr in recent years has been the late Father Richard John Neuhaus – who converted to about, Catholicism (laughs) – and who had very low regard for the Protestant mainline. So Niebuhr’s career in some ways raises the issue of this now-attenuated influence and making process essay, the fact that Neuhaus, who started out as a Protestant, ended up with Catholicism. The mainline Protestant world today is no longer the place where Protestants go for fresh ideas.

Also, as a general observation, Niebuhr is something of a counterpuncher as an relative intellectual, and what I mean by that term I think will become evident; but in short, it’s hard to know what he thinks about writing french essays, somebody or about some subject unless he’s reacting to about, them. Critical Thinking Development. That’s when he truly discloses himself: in essay my favorite relative, taking exception to or responding to other thinkers, which is why I think it’s very important to critical thinking and leadership development, see him in context and essay my favorite relative, be very careful about what we can extract and use for all occasions. One thing about the context is, I think it’s impossible to imagine him operating in anything other than a modern, Western, liberal environment, where there’s a strong tradition of science, of belief in the idea of progress – a society that is in some ways poised on the cusp of a transformation into secularity, or at short essays about, any rate a world in which a secular option exists. He was very much a creature of that historical moment and a critic of liberalism from within liberalism, a breed that flourished particularly in the late ’40s and ’50s – and doesn’t seem to exist, at least in the same form, today. The issues that he struggled with are quintessentially related to problems of relative advanced modernity, and writing essays, science is one of them. I wouldn’t necessarily have emphasized this – but with Francis Collins here – his talk made me think again and essay about my favorite, again about how his own perspective on science represents an advance over the dilemma that Niebuhr saw us in. Niebuhr upholds the idea of progress and remorselessly critiques it at the same time. I might add something else that you may know Niebuhr for – what’s called the what dissertation “serenity prayer,” which goes something like “God, grant us the serenity to accept the things we cannot change, the courage to change the things that can be changed, and the wisdom to know the my favorite relative one from the essays other.” I’m reciting from memory. But the interesting thing is essay about what – to me anyway, as someone of conservative disposition – is what he leaves out, and hog farming essays, that is preserving the things that need to be preserved. (Laughter.) It’s a striking omission! But it shows how thoroughgoing a progressive he was. There’s no hint of this in the serenity prayer – I don’t know whether anybody’s ever observed this about it, but – CROMARTIE: It could be a first.

MCCLAY: It’s a first and last. So Niebuhr has an understanding of Christianity that’s grounded in a very complicated view of essay relative human nature. Actually, a lot of his persuasiveness derives from the essays fact that this view is essay about my favorite more complicated and adequate than its secular equivalents. Hog Farming. But first, let me give you a little background biography, which is all-important. He was born in 1892, not in a log cabin, you’ll be happy to know, but in rural Missouri, the son of a German immigrant pastor, Gustav Niebuhr. And Gustav Niebuhr was a member of about relative a tiny Protestant group called the German Evangelical Synod, which was very much an immigrant group. He really grew up in a German-speaking enclave, which was actually rather common in that part of the Midwest – Missouri and Illinois in late 19th- or early 20th-century farm communities. By the way, an interesting side point: The German Evangelical Synod eventually became part of the United Church of Christ, which is the same Protestant denomination that the Rev. Jeremiah Wright belongs to.

So there’s a sort of odd little connection there. Reinhold inherited from writing essays his father this sense of pastoral vocation and a keen interest in social and political affairs. He built on this with two years at Yale Divinity School, and so he began his career as a theologian and pastor as an advocate of what was called the about relative “social gospel.” The social gospel was a movement within liberal Protestantism which located the hog farming meaning of the about relative Christian Gospel in its promise as a blueprint for hog farming essays progressive social reform, rather than its assertions about essay about my favorite, supernatural reality. A few words about the social gospel, because it’s very important to this story. It arose out of a crisis within, particularly, Protestantism – although Catholicism had its own version of happiness this – in about, response to industrialization and urbanization. In the Protestant case, particularly salient were the challenges to making process essay, biblical authority rising out of essay about relative these things, but more so out of Darwinism – Darwin and writing essays, Darwinism. And not so much the idea of evolution per se, which was a doctrine that easily comported with Christian faith, but the specific idea of natural selection. It was the relative randomness of the process of natural selection that was viewed as particularly threatening.

And an short equally powerful threat came from the so-called “higher criticism” of the Bible, which deconstructed the Bible, for all intents and essay relative, purposes, into a collection of redactions of successive texts by multiple authors over long periods of time, and therefore not a text that should be regarded as having any kind of organic or authorial unity. So all of these things were terribly threatening, especially to Protestants. Why Protestants? Because the whole basis of the Protestant Reformation, to oversimplify grandly, was to see the authority of the Bible as overriding – as superseding – the authority of the historical institutional church. There are some qualifications you’d need to make to essays, that statement, but basically that is about a fair assessment. So that tremendous weight is placed on the authority of what makes that text, and about my favorite, if its authority falls into question, then the hog farming essays entire foundation of Protestantism is threatened. So the essay about social gospel was one way of responding to this problem. Essays. Social gospelers were modernists. My Favorite. They had dismissed the notion that the Bible should be read authoritatively in critical thinking development, the way that, say, fundamentalists – the fundamentalist movement was just getting going at this time – read the Bible, or even the about relative historical creeds.

But the social gospelers insisted that what they thought of as the hog farming heart of the Christian Gospel was very much valid and alive and worth preserving. It could be preserved by essay my favorite dispensing with these supernatural problematic elements and instead socializing the Gospel, i.e., translating it into the language of social reform, including scientific social reform. They saw very little sense of antagonism between science and decision making process, reform. And in the general optimism of the period, there were seen to be very few limits on what could be achieved. Walter Rauschenbusch, who was perhaps the leading figure in the social gospel movement, put it this way – and forgive me, I’m going to essay relative, have to read more quotes than I would normally read to give you a sense of writing these thinkers. But here’s Rauschenbusch: “We have the possibility of so directing religious energy by about my favorite scientific knowledge that a comprehensive and continuous reconstruction of social life in the name of God is within the ethical bounds of essay my favorite human possibility.” So this idea of progress, the idea of perfectibility of the human condition, of man himself, to use that term in peter skrzynecki immigrant chronicle, a generic sense, is very much at the core of it all. By the way, one of the ways American sociology differed dramatically from, say, German sociology is that from the essay relative very beginning it had an astonishingly religious content to it. Albion Small, who was the chairman of the department of sociology at the University of Chicago, the founder of the first sociology journal in the United States, the president of the American Sociological Association, and so on and so forth, wrote the following: “Sociology is a science … of God’s image … a moral philosophy conscious of makes dissertation its task,” which was nothing less than “an approximation of the ideal of social life contained in the Gospels.” Social science was “the holiest sacrament open to men,” devoted to “laying the individualistic superstition” and ensuring that “we live, move, and have our being as members of one another.” In other words, the kingdom of God is not reserved for the beyond or the essay my favorite relative end of time, but can be created in the here and now by hog farming social scientists and ministers working hand-in-hand together.

Although Niebuhr is essay my subject, I’m going to make a few little interjections about decision essay, Obama at appropriate points. And I think that certainly one of the essay my favorite relative things that one could speculate on is the degree to which Obama has been influenced by ethical the social gospel, as I think his pastor Jeremiah Wright very clearly was. There is a lot of evidence that he has been. For example, there was the famous speech that Obama gave in essay relative, South Carolina, during the campaign, in skrzynecki immigrant, which he declared his desire to be an “instrument of God” – and declared, quote, “I am confident that we can create a kingdom right here on essay relative, Earth.” And it was a capitalized ‘k,’ – I assume he did not mean that he was going to institute the political institution of the monarchy. So definitely, echoes of the social gospel were there. So Niebuhr initially bought into a good dissertation, this. Essay My Favorite. He bought into the social gospel movement. It fit with his upbringing.

It fit with his reformist inclinations. But being Niebuhr, as you’ll see, he soon became impatient with this kind of process talk. He became uneasy with the progressive movement. He found it and the social gospel to be utterly naive about about, human nature, about the intractability of writing essays human nature, and inadequate to the task of explaining the essay about relative nature of power relations as they existed in the real world. Sin was not just a word that we use to describe bad institutions that can be corrected. Sin, he thought, was something much deeper, an intrinsic part of the human condition, something that social reform was powerless to about happiness, do much, if anything, about. About My Favorite. And – I just had to throw this in for E.J. – in 1939 he says, “Liberalism is little more than faith in man, exemplifying that perversion of the will, that betrayal of divine trust, which is called sin.” Of course he was a liberal through and skrzynecki immigrant essays, through, so he was critiquing his own beliefs, his own system. What was arguably his most important book came out in 1932, with the revealing title Moral Man and Immoral Society . Nineteen thirty-two, needless to say, is the depths of the Depression, so it’s a propitious moment to publish a rather hard-hitting book, which this was.

Niebuhr turned the social gospelers’ view on its head or on my favorite, its feet – whichever Marxian analogy you like – and argued that in fact there was a disjuncture between the morality of individuals and skrzynecki immigrant chronicle, the morality of groups. And the latter – the morality of groups – that morality was generally inferior to the morality of individuals. I’ll explain that in a moment. This was, he thought, a fixed condition, a fixed dynamic of human life. Individuals could, once in a while, in rare instances, transcend their self-interest for the sake of essay about relative a larger good. But groups of individuals, especially groups like nations, never could. So in fact, groups made individuals worse rather than better because the work of collectives was invariably governed by essays a logic of self-interest. So Niebuhr rejected the progressives’ belief in the plasticity or semi-plasticity of human nature. He thought sin was a better explanation. Relative. He liked to say that sin was the one element in the Christian creed that was empirically verifiable. (Laughter.) And he also took aim – and I think this is more radical than people appreciate – he took aim at the very concept of makes a good dissertation socialization, which for the progressives was so central.

John Dewey was a frequent target – in Moral Man and Immoral Society he just goes after him every chance he gets. About My Favorite. John Dewey argued that “The lost individual will re-find inner wholeness … by subduing himself to the forces of organization at work in externals.” You can tell that’s John Dewey because you could read it over and over again and it’s sort of like processing jelly, but you get the idea. (Laughter.) Niebuhr thought almost the opposite skrzynecki immigrant was true. As I said before, men have little enough goodness in themselves and socialization makes them worse because the reason for being, for all social groups, is to pursue the shared self-interest of the members. So that self-interest is triumphant. He dismissed as sentimentality the progressive hope that the wages of individual sin could be overcome by intelligent reform and essay my favorite, that there we could transform into a loving fellowship of like-minded comrades holding hands beside the campfire. Instead, the pursuit of immigrant good ends in the arenas of about my favorite relative national and international politics had to take full account of the and leadership development un-loveliness of essay about relative human nature, and the un-loveliness of power. The implications for Christians who wanted to do good in the world were fairly stark in his view. They had to be willing to get their hands dirty – very dirty, for existing social relations were held together by coercion and only counter-coercion could change them. Social change was brought about not by persuasion, diplomacy, pedagogy, intelligence or sweetness, but by critical and leadership development – to use a term that he uses repeatedly in the book – “emotionally potent oversimplifications.” Emotionally potent oversimplifications – these are the things that galvanize groups to effective action. Relative. You see why I say this is a rather depressing outlook – (laughs) – and it doesn’t get any better. A quotation: “Our contemporary culture fails to realize the power, extent and persistence of group egoism in ethical making process, human relations.” So the idea of solidarity – the campfire – is an illusion.

Quote: “Society is a perpetual state of war between different self-interested groups.” Jesus Christ, meet Thomas Hobbes. About My Favorite Relative. Quote: “The only ethical, way a society can maintain itself is by the coercion of dominant groups who go on to invent romantic and moral interpretations of the facts, and the peace lasts only as long as the underdogs are kept down. Then when they are able to essay about my favorite, successfully challenge and coerce a new peace, they impose another set of romantic and moral interpretations of the facts.” So only power can counter power in his view – and power, as Henry Adams said, is makes poison. It’s a formulation that doesn’t – (laughs) – that doesn’t lead to an attractive conclusion.

His conclusion was that the essay my favorite exercise of power was always morally dangerous, but also always morally necessary. You had to act in peter immigrant, the world. You couldn’t take the option of opting out. Hence, the need for about my favorite a dualism in morals, since – and I quote again – “The selfishness of human communities must be regarded as an inevitability and can only be countered by competing assertions of interests.” So that’s James Madison – (laughs) – along with Hobbes. Decision Essay. But in none of this is there a release from the moral requirements of Christianity. About. I’ll come back to peter skrzynecki chronicle essays, that. This rather stark view extends very much to the nation-state. And this was a response on about relative, his part to the social gospel, to short essays about, the progressive movement and to essay my favorite, a rather long strain in American ideas – progressive ideas – about solidarity. Edward Bellamy’s famous movement was built around a philosophy, a kind of socialist-fascist meld that he called nationalism.

So on the reform – I won’t necessarily call it the left; I’m not sure what to call it – but on the progressive side of things, nationalism was not a bad thing. But to Niebuhr it was. Niebuhr wrote an article in 1916 in The Atlantic called “The Nation’s Crime Against the Individual,” a nice, subtle title. And the idea here was, and this is before American entry into the first world war, which he strongly supported, that the nation cheats the soldier because it takes his loyalty, his willingness to die and sacrifice, for its own purposes without being able to hallow that sacrifice. Or as he put it, the nation “claims a life of eternal significance for a good dissertation proposal ends that have no eternal value.” Or as he expressed the same idea some 16 years later in Moral Man and Immoral Society , “Patriotism transmutes individual unselfishness into national egoism.” It is essay about my favorite relative “the unselfishness of the individuals [that] makes for makes proposal the selfishness of nations,” which “is why the hope of essay about my favorite solving the larger social problems of mankind, merely by extending the social sympathies of french individuals, is so vain.” So much for essay relative empathy. But there’s an interesting twist here; it is that all of this rejection of the critical thinking and leadership development social gospel, affirmation of original sin and so on, did not mean that he gave up on social reform. And Niebuhr was a man of the left and he remained a man of the my favorite left always. Maybe not enough left to suit some people, but he certainly was never a conservative.

And he believed Christians were obligated to thinking and leadership development, work actively for progressive social causes, for the realization of justice and righteousness, but they had to do this in a way that, as he characteristically put it, abandoned their illusions, not least in the way they thought about themselves. The pursuit of social justice would involve them in about, acts of sin and acts of imperfection. Skrzynecki Essays. Even the most surgical action, one might say, involves collateral damage. But the Christian faith, just as inexorably, called its adherents to a life of essay my favorite perfect righteousness, a calling that would seem to give no quarter to dirty hands. So we’re left with the feeling that Niebuhr is calling Christians to the impossible and, in process essay, a sense, he is. He insists original sin is true. He insists that its probative value is confirmed every day.

Yet he insists at the same time that human beings are splendidly endowed by their Creator, still capable of acts of essay relative nobility and generosity or truth, still able to advance the short cause of about my favorite social improvement. Essays. All of these things he insisted are true at the same time and all have an equivalent claim. So he’s correcting the about relative social gospel. He’s pushing against the social gospel, which he sees as making many errors, but he’s not abandoning it entirely. These ideas would continue to develop. In 1938, he was invited to give the Gifford Lectures at immigrant chronicle, St. Andrews University, very prestigious lectures in natural theology. And these were later published as what is arguably his magnum opus, a book called The Nature and Destiny of Man , about about my favorite relative, which David Brooks once said, as I recall, “If you write a book with a title like that, you really feel like you have nothing else left to making, say.” (Laughter.) And that appeared in 1943. My Favorite Relative. It’s interesting how productive Niebuhr was right through the second world war. And this book is critical development really a grand tour of the entire intellectual history of the West and essay, ultimately, I think, it’s really a book about the happiness idea of about progress itself and about the question of ethical making essay whether human history can be meaningful.

I want to stress that last point. One of Niebuhr’s great antagonists was Henry Ford. About My Favorite Relative. He hated Henry Ford, loathed him for his treatment of essays his workers. And actually his hatred for Henry Ford was a very formative influence in his life. But Henry Ford had one of the great sayings about history: that history is “one damn thing after another.” I think that’s a legitimate way of understanding history, that it has no intrinsic dynamic or meaning. Essay About My Favorite Relative. But Niebuhr wanted to struggle with that, of course. And as a thinking Christian he had to see some meaning in history. Essays. Christians understand history as meaningful, although sometimes the meaning is in history and sometimes it’s outside of history and one can’t know in advance which is operating. Essay About Relative. So it’s another one of these hazardous but necessary operations.

What he felt had happened, however, in modern times, was that there was a secularized idea of progress that saw an immanent order, or as he called it, “an immanent logos,” that was no longer related to a transcendent meaning, but was inherent in history itself. And this idea of progress was something that had emerged out of Christianity, that was in some sense an outgrowth of Christianity’s worldview and ethos, but that had threatened to short essays about happiness, negate Christianity. It’s a view that is essay my favorite built on biblical language, built on biblical insights, but an idea that became transformed by two modern innovations. First, there was the elimination of the notion that grace, meaning the supernatural intervention of divine power to give meaning to history, was necessary. And second, the thinkers who laid the foundation of modernity – and ethical decision essay, this I think is really where you get to the heart of Niebuhr – failed to see that the dynamism of history was a double-edged thing. These thinkers assumed that all development means the advancement of the relative good, but in ethical making process essay, so assuming, they failed to essay about, recognize – and short about happiness, this I think he sees as characteristic of about all modernity – that, and I quote, “every heightened potency of writing human existence may also represent a possibility of evil.” So in other words, as our capacity grows, so does our power to do evil – intentionally or unintentionally. Everything that has its being within history is involved, on essay about my favorite relative, every level, in contradicting the eternal. And so the decision making essay tendency is, as he says, to complete the system of meaning falsely in a way that makes either the individual or the group the center of the system. And then Niebuhr goes on and says, “It’s not possible for any philosophy to my favorite relative, escape this error … but it is hog farming possible to have a philosophy, or at least a theology, grounded in faith, which understands the error will be committed and essay relative, that it is analogous to peter immigrant chronicle, all these presumptions of history which defy the majesty of God.” So he sees progress as a factor of history, a facet of my favorite relative history.

He sees that it’s right to conceive of history dynamically. He takes a generous view of history’s possibilities, but also warns that, as he puts it, “History cannot move forward towards increasing order without developing possibilities of and leadership development chaos by my favorite the very potencies which have enhanced order.” In other words, we’re never out of the woods. That’s my redaction there. And the danger only increases as we progress. Man’s capacity for evil advances with his progress towards the good. Hence, the greater the progress, the greater the need for peter skrzynecki immigrant chronicle essays vigilance, the essay my favorite relative greater the need for some metaphysical check on human pride. The image I like to use to describe this is of a tightrope, one that is always going higher and higher and, as you know, with a tightrope, you have to peter skrzynecki immigrant, keep moving forward. Relative. You can’t stop moving. Critical Thinking. But you’re moving along this tightrope towards ever-greater dangers, along with the ever-greater achievements.

And that I think is the vision that he’s operating with. I was going to say a little bit about The Children of Light and the Children of about my favorite Darkness , but I think I’m running out of time. So let me move on to the book that has really gotten attention in the last 10 years, The Irony of American History , published in 1952. And he takes these same insights and essays, focuses them upon a consideration of America’s role in the world. About My Favorite Relative. Published in 1952, at the height of the Cold War, this was an interesting and perhaps surprising book. Makes Dissertation Proposal. It was a stinging attack on communism and at the same time a stinging attack on America, on the moral complacency of America, a warning against about my favorite relative the moral failings that would make America vulnerable. That’s Niebuhr – typically, as always, fighting on two fronts at once. What Makes A Good. Nobody can top Niebuhr for his anticommunism, but he also believed the United States resembled its antagonists more than it cared to imagine. And much of the book is devoted to making that case. Essay Relative. He criticizes the communists for their philosophical materialism, but then points out that Americans are guilty of the french same thing in practice.

Here’s a statement that I think rings just as true today as in essay relative, 1952: “Despite the constant emphasis upon the ‘dignity of man’ in our own liberal culture, its predominant naturalistic bias frequently results in writing essays, views of human nature in which the dignity of man is essay my favorite relative not very clear.” And this tendency towards materialism was not even the greatest of America’s dangers. Even more perilous, he thought, was one of our principal points of skrzynecki immigrant pride, the entrenched idea that America has a providential mission in the world and our nation’s rendered uniquely virtuous and innocent by the blessings of that history. And he goes through a discussion of this, locating the beginnings of it in the Calvinist Puritan tradition, and then the essay my favorite relative Jeffersonian tradition, which saw America’s as nature’s nation, free from the encumbrances of the old world. It was the place of the new man, of the democratic future. America was, so to speak, the land of the great reset button, presumably labeled in the correct manner. (Laughs.) Even Abraham Lincoln, who was not a dewy-eyed fellow, called America “the last best hope of mankind,” words that certainly, if nothing else, convey a kind of cosmic significance to American history.

Niebuhr didn’t reject these things completely; he didn’t see them as having no basis. He did not reject the greatness of America, but he insisted that the American belief that America had turned its back on ethical decision essay, history and essay about my favorite relative, made a new beginning for humankind was naive and dangerous, laying America open to essays about happiness, the sins of my favorite spiritual pride. It was a source of strength that turned into peter chronicle essays, a source of weakness. And that is essay about my favorite relative what he meant by writing the irony of American history, the tendency of American civilization to allow decent motives and noble intentions to blind it to the sins and errors to which it’s prone and thereby let its virtue become the source of its vice. It was an irony because it was unintended, inadvertent, unconscious and a consequence of good intentions, rather than doing evil for the sake of a larger good, which he called tragedy, not irony. If that was all he was saying, then he would just sound like another typical critic of American civilization, but he said something more. He said America had to essay my favorite, act in the world and do so effectively.

It had no choice but to do so. In the critical thinking development same way that the sinful imperfect Christian is required to my favorite, act in the world and get his or her hands dirty in working for short about the cause of good, so a morally imperfect America was obliged to employ its power in the world. Now, opting out was not an about option, or rather it was an ethical process essay option that was just as perilous as the alternatives it would avoid. And let me just read you a couple of passages that illustrate this, and about relative, then I’ll stop: “Our culture knows little of the use and abuse of power; but we have to use power in global terms. Our idealists are divided between those who would renounce the responsibilities of power for the sake of preserving the purity of our soul and those who are ready to cover every ambiguity of good and evil in our actions by the frantic insistence that any measure taken in a good cause must be unequivocally virtuous.” Fairly timely words, I think. Needless to say, he rejects both of these options and continues this way: “We take, and must continue to take, morally hazardous actions to preserve our civilization.

We must exercise our power. Decision Making Essay. But we ought neither to essay, believe that a nation is capable of perfect disinterestedness in its exercise, nor become complacent about particular degrees of interest and passion which corrupt the justice by which the exercise of power is legitimated.” And I will stop there. CROMARTIE: No, that’s great. We’ll just keep it rolling. Skrzynecki Essays. Everybody here knows E.J. Dionne. I know you’ve spoken on Niebuhr a lot and we’re delighted to about my favorite, have you respond to Bill. Thank you. DIONNE: Thank you, Mike. I was thinking that maybe Barbara would explain it as some peculiar part of my brain, but it actually makes me happy to talk about Reinhold Niebuhr – (laughter) – and to do some research on him. I ran across how Robert McAfee Brown described Niebuhr as a pessimistic optimist.

And I think that’s exactly what he is, unless you want to see him as an ethical decision making process essay optimistic pessimist. But I think there is this very deep element of optimism that comes out of essay about my favorite that pessimism, which I want to get into. Before I say anything, I just want to thank Mike for running these things for 10 years. We’ll probably say this later, but I’ve been coming to short essays about, these things from the beginning, and who’d have thunk that having sessions with journalists on religion would work like this. Now, Mike had the absolutely brilliant idea of holding these sessions in rather nice places. (Laughter.) But for me it’s not only essay about, been the development meetings, but also all the my favorite friends I have met through this.

He actually – in this time it’s not easy – he actually created community out of development this 10 years of essay relative work. So I thank him and the Pew Charitable Trusts. (Applause.) And I also want to say it’s a great honor to be with Bill McClay. One of my very favorite essays on the general subject of religion in politics is what a good proposal a piece Bill wrote in 2003 called “Two Concepts of Secularism,” which I commend to everyone. And he wrote a great essay right after 9/11 called “The Continuing Irony of American History” in First Things . And I suggest this to anybody who wants to my favorite relative, see more of ethical making Bill’s thoughts on this. It’s a very interesting read in the wake – all these years later. Just to pick up two quick points that Bill made and then I just want to say a few things. He did note that Barack Obama called Reinhold Niebuhr a philosopher rather than a theologian, and I can’t help but point out essay about that President Bush referred to Jesus as his favorite philosopher. And you may recall that Alan Keyes took George Bush to task by saying, “Jesus isn’t a philosopher; Jesus is the Word.” And I was thinking that would be a great Cromartie session: “Jesus: A Philosopher or the Word?” So I hope Mike gets refunded. Writing French. And it’s not just because he finally gave me one of those nice rooms on the water this year. (Laughter.) And I’m really glad that Bill did point out that Niebuhr got all this attention in essay about relative, Time magazine.

Can you think of a talk show that would book Reinhold Niebuhr now? I was thinking about that. “Tell us, Reinhold, what do you mean by short essays the irony of American history?” “Well, Larry, as I was saying the essay relative other day to Abraham Heschel and ethical decision making process essay, Paul Tillich …” It just wouldn’t happen. And I think – (laughter) – it suggests a certain hole in our discussion of this. Colbert would have him on; absolutely, absolutely. And I was reminded of the omnipresence of Reinhold Niebuhr when I picked up one of my favorite thriller writers Philip Kerr – I highly recommend him. His hero is a perfect Niebuhrian character. He is a German detective in essay about my favorite, Nazi Germany. He’s anti-Nazi.

I’m pleased to say that in one of his books he says that he voted for the social democrats. Essays. And he’s trying to operate in Nazi Germany to do as little damage and as much good as he can without actually going to the slammer. And I opened my Philip Kerr and there right at the beginning is the serenity prayer of essay my favorite relative Reinhold Niebuhr. So we were destined to have this discussion. In 1987, so 22 years ago, the what a good late Father Richard Neuhaus organized a conference on Reinhold Niebuhr. It was funded – you will be surprised – by the Pew Charitable Trusts. It is written that the Pew Trusts will always be with us. And Father Neuhaus said a very interesting thing in introducing the my favorite volume about Niebuhr. He said, “In recent years,” – this is back in ’87 – “there has been something of a Niebuhr renaissance.

It has been led in large parts by those who are or are suspected of being, as though it were a sin, neoconservative.” And then he adds – and this part I very much agree with – “Attempting to essays, capture Niebuhr for any partisan agenda, however, would be a great disservice both to Niebuhr and to what he can help us do today.” And I think it says something about essay about my favorite, Niebuhr that this new Niebuhr revival, which I think we are seeing right now, is not being led primarily by neoconservatives, but actually by liberals and essays, certain dissident conservatives like our friend David Brooks. I want to just talk a little bit about the political character of Niebuhr’s thought without violating what Father Neuhaus said. I do think in the end he is about relative unmistakably, or if you have the other view, irredeemably, a liberal in the end. I wouldn’t use the word “irredeemably,” but it is something worth talking about essays, because it’s very much a question of how his view of about original sin fits in with a liberal worldview. How do you sort of get at what being a Niebuhrian is? My original example was going to be about a baseball player, but in critical thinking, deference to our resident hockey star Clare Duffy, I decided to use a hockey player instead. A Niebuhrian hockey player tries to win the game, but does not assume victory renders him superior to his opponent and would admit that he may have won unfairly when he high-sticked Clare Duffy and got away with it. That’s a Niebuhrian hockey player.

A Niebuhrian wagering in Vegas plays the odds intelligently and tries to about my favorite relative, win, but always admits that perhaps luck or God’s grace, not his system, is why he won. A Niebuhrian will get into a fistfight if it’s absolutely necessary, but would be acutely conscious of the what makes a good dissertation pain his blows are inflicting on his opponent and know that the very fact the fight is happening is proof of the my favorite relative fallen nature of both himself and the person he is fighting. Writing Essays. (Laughter.) And a proper Niebuhrian will have a sense of essay my favorite humor about all of these things, understanding the profound ironies involved in trying to chronicle essays, act effectively in the world and trying to about relative, act morally at the same time. And that’s why I love Reinhold Niebuhr. I went back to the canonical text, which is David Brooks’ famous interview with Barack Obama, and what a good dissertation, I just think it’s worth to recalling. It was actually just a short statement by Obama, but it’s worth quoting to provide a context for about relative the headline that Mike put on our discussion.

David asked, “Have you ever read Reinhold Niebuhr?” Obama replied, “I love him. He’s one of what proposal my favorite philosophers.” And David asked what Obama took take away from Niebuhr. And here’s what Obama actually said. “I take away the compelling idea that there’s serious evil in the world, and hardship and pain. And we should be humble and modest in our belief that we can eliminate those things. But we shouldn’t use that as an excuse for essay relative cynicism and inaction. I take away the sense we have to peter skrzynecki, make these efforts knowing they are hard, and not swinging from naive idealism to bitter realism.” That is actually a pretty good description of Reinhold Niebuhr. And whether Barack Obama, the politician, was pandering to relative, David Brooks’ well-known love for Niebuhr or whether he was reflecting something deep in short essays about happiness, him, it sounded pretty deep and my favorite relative, I think it’s actually not a bad description of the hog farming essays way Obama views the world. My Favorite Relative. In the discussion I’d love to have a friendly argument with Bill about whether he’s more social gospel or more Niebuhrian.

I think he’s actually more Niebuhrian. There are elements of social gospel in the way Obama preaches, but I think his content is writing french essays more Niebuhrian. Niebuhr – and this is probably why I like him – is my favorite much more a “both/and” guy. He’s a “yes, but” guy. His favorite words are “paradox” and “irony.” He is a 1940s liberal and that’s why there is the big debate between liberals and hog farming, neocons because a lot of neocons say they are 1940s liberals. Essay Relative. I think Niebuhr, later in life, suggested that he did not take the same path as some of his neoconservative friends, particularly with his very early support for skrzynecki immigrant chronicle the civil rights movement – although a lot of them supported the essay relative civil rights movement – but also with his strong opposition to the Vietnam War. Short Essays About. But that’s just a piece of history that we can talk about. What I like about him is that he believes what he believes passionately, but with a sense of humility. I got some Niebuhr in Francis Collins’ presentation today. Why are there Niebuhr revivals?

Niebuhr is the person we turn to for balance. We turn to essay relative, him when things get out of hand. He is a critic of the left’s utopianism and he’s a critic of the right’s tendency to french, deify our own country. His critique of original sin I think applies neatly at different times to both the about my favorite relative right and makes a good dissertation proposal, the left in our politics. I think he has what you might call a dialectical relationship with the about left.

And I think Bill was absolutely right to point out kind of three important episodes. He reacted against the social gospel not because he opposed the economic or social programs of the social gospel but because he had a different understanding of human nature. He thought liberals had too optimistic a view of human nature. His next big political turn was in the late 1930s, when he broke with his pacifist friends. The Christian Century , as you know, is critical thinking still around, but he broke with The Christian Century and formed another magazine called Christianity and Crisis to argue that we needed to go to essay about relative, war against Hitler and skrzynecki chronicle essays, Nazism. And then he made his mark again in politics, with a liberal anticommunism that made him one of the essay about founders of Americans for Democratic Action with Arthur Schlesinger Jr. Ethical Making Essay. And I’m going to cite Schlesinger before I close. Niebuhr never stopped being a liberal, but he was a liberal critic. I want to use myself as simply a specimen of relative why people at what a good, different points get engaged with Niebuhr. I think I’m fairly typical of people who will fall in love with Niebuhr, if he would permit that.

I’m not even sure he would. (Laughter.) I read The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness , which is the first Niebuhr I read, in essay my favorite relative, the early-to-mid-’70s. Peter Skrzynecki Immigrant Essays. I read it as someone who broadly shared – still shares – the left’s views on economic justice and social reform, but I was impatient with a certain utopianism I saw on the left, which I thought was destructive. And I was also impatient with some parts of the essay left that seemed not to believe in the disciplines and limits placed upon our aspirations by writing essays the need to persuade majorities and to about my favorite, build consensus in french, democratic societies. I was and still am turned off by self-righteous moralism disguised as morality.

Mike Novak is someone who’s written very well on that over the years and I think that tendency to be moralistic rather than moral afflicts the right, the center, the essay left and even parts of the essays self-satisfied center. And so I realized quickly after reading that book that Niebuhr was my guy, again preaching that you could combine passion and humility. I see two major reasons for the revival of interest in Niebuhr among liberals. One, I think some of the criticism by Christian moderates and liberals of what we would see as a hyper-politicized Christian right square very much with some of Niebuhr’s criticism of a certain style of Christianity, a kind of revivalism that he was critical of in his own time. Niebuhr enjoined the essay relative believer to understand that “the worst corruption is a corrupt religion.” We need a sense of modesty about the virtue, wisdom and power available to us and making, a sense of essay contrition about the common human frailties and foibles which lie at the foundation of critical thinking both the enemy’s demonry and our vanities.

Americans, Niebuhr argued, were never safe against the temptation of about my favorite relative claiming God too simply as the critical thinking sanctifier of whatever we most fervently desire. One great Niebuhrian quote should hang over all seminars. Niebuhr once said that “we must always seek the truth in our opponents’ error and the error in our own truth.” And that is essay about my favorite also classic Niebuhr. I think the thinking and leadership paradox is that – and my friend Bill Galston really called this to my attention – one of the paradoxes is essay my favorite that Niebuhr encourages us to doubt and the kind of essays doubt that Niebuhr encourages is the kind of doubt that faith ought to encourage. If faith is defined solely as a demand that everyone assent, without reservation, to a long and particular list of essay relative propositions, that’s an odd idea. Writing Essays. But I think this is an inadequate understanding of the Christian and Jewish traditions, which always call us to a form of moral doubt that, as Bill Galston has said, calls upon us to question our motivations and pretensions to special virtue. Niebuhr said, “No virtuous act is quite as virtuous from the standpoint of our friend or foe as it is from essay our standpoint.” He argued that some of the greatest perils to democracy arise from the critical and leadership fanaticism of moral idealists who are not conscious of the corruption of self-interest.

And in his assertion, which might usefully have guided us during our debate over essay about my favorite the war in writing french essays, Iraq, Niebuhr warned, “A nation with an inordinate degree of political power is about my favorite relative doubly tempted to exceed the bounds of peter immigrant essays historical possibilities, if it is informed by an idealism which does not understand the limits of man’s wisdom and about my favorite, volition.” David Brooks and I did a session on Niebuhr recently, and about happiness, one point that emerged clearly is that it is not surprising that Niebuhr really came to popularity in a period when he was writing about Nazism and Stalinism, which were ideologies that justified despotic pretensions in the name of creating new human beings and perfect societies. Niebuhr had a strong sense of human nature as a constant. About My Favorite Relative. He was very skeptical of projects designed to create a new humanity and was very aware of how terrible these projects could become. This is religion’s essentially moderating role, which is far removed from hog farming ideology and from many claims that religion can provide a detailed textbook for creating the perfect society here on relative, Earth. Even the process essay religious left’s talk of our obligation to build the kingdom of God’s justice on essay relative, earth emphasizes a constant act of creation – building – not a final outcome that human beings can achieve on our own.

It’s very important to understand that Niebuhr imported Saint Augustine into liberalism. And a friend of about happiness many of ours, Jean Elshtain, captured this very well. Essay. She wrote – and this is a totally Niebuhrian thought on happiness, Jean’s part – that if Augustine is “a thorn in the side of those who would cure the universe once and for all, he similarly torments critics who disdain any project of relative human community or justice or possibility.” “Wisdom,” Jean says, “comes from experiencing fully the essays ambivalence and ambiguity that is the human condition.” When David and about my favorite, I recently did the session on what a good dissertation proposal, Niebuhr, at one point, I blurted out that maybe we were talking about the marriage of essay Madison, Lincoln and short, Niebuhr. Essay About My Favorite Relative. And then I looked up and I said, wait a minute. That is polygamy. (Laughter.) And I don’t know what Niebuhr would think of critical thinking development that. Essay Relative. But one of Niebuhr’s – and I think Bill alluded to this – one of Niebuhr’s favorite public statements by any politician is Lincoln’s second inaugural address. And you all remember the key passage in Lincoln’s second inaugural, when he said: “Both sides read the same Bible, and pray to the same God; and writing essays, each invokes his aid against the other. It may seem strange that any man should dare to ask a just God’s assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men’s faces; but let us judge not that we be not judged. Essay. The prayers of both could not be answered; that of neither has been answered fully.”

Niebuhr said that this passage puts the relationship of our moral commitments in history to our religious reservations about the partiality of peter skrzynecki chronicle our own commitments more precisely than any statement or theologian has put them. Think about it. If anybody could have claimed that he was on the right side of history or even that he was on essay my favorite relative, God’s side, it was Abraham Lincoln fighting slavery during the Civil War. Yet, Lincoln himself refused in this extreme instance to presume an short essays happiness identification of his will with God’s will. And I think that Lincoln demonstrated as clearly as any statesman, which is why he is a Niebuhrian figure, that it is possible to undertake great tasks in my favorite relative, politics with firmness, commitment, principle and courage and writing french essays, still not pretend to absolute certainty about one’s course, one’s intentions or the purity of one’s motives. And I should note that I have learned much about this point from Congressman David Price of North Carolina, who is a divinity school grad and has written very powerfully about the relationship between Lincoln’s thought and Niebuhr’s. So I just want to do two quick things and then close with one Niebuhrian thought. And I want to about my favorite, thank Bill because I know he’s very fond of the same passage I’m going to what a good proposal, read to close out my remarks, and I’m grateful that he didn’t read it, so I could use it.

I’d like to call attention to two essays on Niebuhr that I think remain very important, and relative, they show the reach Reinhold Niebuhr had – and continues to have – across philosophical lines. Mike Novak, back in short essays about, 1972, wrote a great essay for Commentary called “Needing Niebuhr Again,” in which he drew on two Niebuhrian thoughts that I think are particularly revealing. My Favorite Relative. Niebuhr said that “realism means particularly one thing, that you establish the common good not purely by unselfishness but by the restraint of selfishness.” That sounds an awful lot like James Madison. In The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness , Niebuhr said famously: “Man’s capacity for justice makes democracy possible; but man’s inclination to injustice makes democracy necessary.” One of the short about reasons Mike liked him – Mike then was still a liberal, but in transit over to about, the conservative side – is because Novak was very critical of what he saw as a new-class kind of privileged liberal. And he thought that Niebuhr called the french bluff of those folks. Mike wrote: “Pure intentions, high goals and unblemished radicalism of mind did not absolve men of the essay about relative ambiguous consequences of what they estimate to be their most morally radiant actions. Political life does not follow the form of a morality play. It is happiness tragic, and that is a Niebuhrian view.” The other essay that’s worth looking up is one Arthur Schlesinger wrote, a beautiful piece in The New York Times magazine in 2005, an essay in which I think Schlesinger successfully claims Niebuhr back for the liberals. Remember that Schlesinger and Niebuhr founded Americans for Democratic Action together, and were great political allies throughout their lives. Schlesinger used some of Niebuhr’s criticisms of the pretensions of American power as a critique of the Iraq war, and essay my favorite, spoke of how liberals profited from an awareness of original sin that Niebuhr taught them.

This is Schlesinger: “The notion of sinful man was uncomfortable for my generation. We had been brought up to believe in human innocence and even in hog farming, human perfectibility. This was less a liberal delusion than an essay about my favorite relative expression of an all-American DNA. Short Essays. Andrew Carnegie had articulated the about national faith when, after acclaiming the ethical decision making process rise of man from lower to higher forms, he declared: ‘Nor is there any conceivable end to relative, his march to perfection.’ In 1939, Charles E. Merriam of the University of Chicago, dean of American political scientists, wrote in The New Democracy and the New Despotism : ‘There is a constant trend in human affairs toward the perfectibility of mankind. This was plainly stated at the time of the French Revolution and has been reasserted ever since that time, and with increasing plausibility.’ Human ignorance and unjust institutions remained the only obstacles to a more perfect world.” This is Schlesinger again: “If proper education of individuals and proper reform of institutions did their job, such obstacles would be removed. For the heart of man was OK.”

Yet Schlesinger said that this notion became absurd for ethical process essay liberals when they confronted the essay relative evils of thinking and leadership development both Nazism and Stalinism. Schlesinger notes Isaiah Berlin’s famous declaration that the 20th century was “the most terrible century in about relative, Western history.” And this is ethical decision making process essay Schlesinger: “The belief in human perfectibility had not prepared us for essay about my favorite Hitler and Stalin. Development. The death camps and the gulags proved that men were capable of infinite depravity. The heart of man is obviously not OK. Niebuhr’s analysis of human nature and history came as a vast illumination. His argument had the essay relative double merit of accounting for Hitler and Stalin and for the necessity of standing up to thinking and leadership development, them.” And I think that is at the heart of my favorite The Irony of American History . I’ll close there and decision process, we can get into a debate about Obama and Niebuhr, if we want, later on.

But I just want to close with this thought. I’ve always said that the reason I like this optimistic pessimism or pessimistic optimism is I’ve always said to myself that I think I’m a psychological optimist because I am an intellectual pessimist. Relative. I am not shocked when people do bad things. I’m actually amazed at how well people do under the circumstances, so perhaps it’s worth noting Gene Debs’ great line that there should be another beatitude: Blessed are they who expect nothing for and leadership development they shall not be disappointed. But I think a Niebuhrian view of the world insists that you can hold on to hope, that good Obama word, even with a realistic view of the capacity of human beings to make mistakes, and even, at times, to perform great acts of evil. It is about relative possible, as Jesse Jackson likes to say, to keep hope alive. So this is my concluding prayer, really from Reinhold Niebuhr. He wrote in The Irony of American History : “Nothing that is short essays worth doing can be achieved in our lifetime; therefore we must be saved by hope.

Nothing which is true or beautiful or good makes complete sense in any immediate context of history; therefore we must be saved by faith. Nothing we do, however virtuous, can be accomplished alone; therefore, we are saved by love. No virtuous act is quite as virtuous from the standpoint of our friend or foe as it is from our standpoint. Therefore we must be saved by essay about my favorite relative the final form of love, which is forgiveness.” I hope you will forgive in that spirit any flaws in this presentation. (Laughter.) And now you can understand why I love Reinhold Niebuhr and why he fills me with happiness.

Thank you very much. CROMARTIE: Well, I didn’t know whether it was the topic of ethical decision Reinhold Niebuhr or the fact that you had a lavaliere neck mic on, E.J. My Favorite. I’ve never seen you preach so much like that. That was great. Thank you. And thank you, Bill. David, you’re up first.

DAVID VAN BIEMA, TIME : This is both for Professor McClay and also for E.J. And so E.J. remembers it’s for him, I’m going to pervert one of his metaphors by saying that waterboarding is the ethical decision ultimate form of essay about my favorite relative high-sticking. And I don’t know much about hog farming, Niebuhr. And the answer to this may be so obvious as to not make it enlightening, but if I understand you correctly and about my favorite relative, he believed in ethical process, the necessity of acting, and getting one’s hands dirty and exerting power, while at the same time believing that inevitably there would be problems with pride and that the state was particularly apt to essay my favorite, fall into the sin of delusion of special virtue, where would he come down in the torture debate? MCCLAY: Part of what I was getting to in this overlong talk that I’ve prepared was the list of things that I think are wrong with Niebuhr, or are inadequate, and one of them may address this.

And I actually think of short about E.J.’s example, the guy pummeling somebody but doing it with a guilty conscience as he’s beating the crap out of him. It’s awfully hard to essay about my favorite relative, tell whether a leader is thinking and leadership development acting in my favorite, a Niebuhrian way or just in an unscrupulous way. You know, a lot of it has to do with an french inner disposition that’s not visible to us. And that’s a problem, especially in political life where you have to deal with external standards and principles that, particularly in essay about my favorite, a democratic society, ought to be open to hog farming, general scrutiny. So a great example of this is – and I get this all the relative time from people on all sides because I’m a great admirer of Niebuhr and I’m happy about this revival – but when it comes to more general issues of war. Thinking And Leadership. For obvious reasons pacifists don’t like Niebuhr. I don’t even need to explain that.

But, I mean, they see the doctrine of “realism” as just a kind of wild card that allows you to do whatever you want in the name of realism. But equally vehement about about relative, Niebuhr are some of the people who defend just-war theory. Their argument is, look, we have a whole set of criteria that often are hard to nail down in particular instances, but at least as principles they are worth observing and worth trying to follow as a way of short about happiness taming and legitimizing warfare in a civilized world. And in their view Niebuhr chucks all that, and says, well, you are going to essay about my favorite, get your hands dirty, bad things have to happen, but you’ve got to exercise power and innocents have to die, and essays, eggs have to my favorite relative, be broken to make omelets. He would never say that in skrzynecki chronicle essays, that way, of course. But you get my point, that there is some way in which what he writes can be very powerful in essay about relative, dealing with this way that “power is poison,” in what a good proposal, Henry Adams’ terms – that it’s just inescapable. I’m not sure Obama – see, I’m mistaking this too – has quite come to essay about my favorite relative, terms with that, at least in his rhetoric. But that’s where I think the essays real test will come. But back to this issue of torture and war. Essay My Favorite. I think that the problem with Niebuhr is he doesn’t give you clear standards by critical thinking and leadership development which to essay relative, make judgments and have it legitimated in the public arena.

CROMARTIE: He emphasizes ambiguity while at the same time saying, use the power. DIONNE: I can’t prove this, although I do have a quotation that I think suggests it. I think if you look back at critical and leadership, some of the things Niebuhr said about the Vietnam War, they suggest that he would have opposed waterboarding. Essay About My Favorite Relative. I think he would have ended up on the side of those who said, we must fight the terrorists but we can’t use every method and that those methods demean us and french essays, hurt us. And my support for that – again, we can’t know for certain – are the very last words of essay about relative The Irony of American History . Short About Happiness. He says: “For if we should perish, the ruthlessness of the foe would be only the secondary cause of the disaster. The primary cause would be that the strength of essay about my favorite a giant nation was directed by eyes too blind to writing, see all the essay about my favorite hazards of the struggle; and the blindness would be induced not by some accident of nature or history but by hatred and vainglory.” If you want to short essays happiness, make a case against waterboarding, that’s a pretty good text to cite. MCCLAY: I was just going to say, since we’re going to play this “what would Reinhold say” game, I want to go in with all four limbs. I think that, certainly, if you were updating The Irony of American History , there would be a discussion of the essay ways in which the development jihadists have elements of truth in their critique of American culture.

Astonishing as it may sound, I think he would raise that issue. I don’t think there’s any doubt about it. ROSS DOUTHAT, THE NEW YORK TIMES : Just to relative, bounce one alternative possibility, especially off you E.J.: I wonder what you think of the idea that maybe what Niebuhr would say is that the waterboarding of making Khalid Sheikh Mohammed in 2003 is the kind of about relative forgivable excess that you expect from governments, but that the torture memos of 2005 are the kind of thing that shouldn’t be forgiven. Ethical Decision Making Process. And I don’t know. What do you think about that kind of distinction, the essay about sort of institutionalization versus the sort of crisis mentality, getting your hands dirty with an individual case? DIONNE: First of all, Bill is hog farming fundamentally right.

The “what would Niebuhr say and do” debate is relative pretty tough to carry out. DOUTHAT: And all the questions are going to – (inaudible) DIONNE: And so, that’s fair enough. Short Essays About. I could imagine Niebuhr saying: “I understand in the heat of the days and the few weeks after 9/11 why the about people in power erred on the side of keeping us safe and they may have done things they shouldn’t do.” I still find it hard – again, we can debate this. I still think he would have ended up on the critical side because what’s so fascinating about Niebuhr is the neocons have always sort of liked him, as Father Neuhaus suggests, because he always talked about the hog farming legitimacy of using American power in the world. And there were moments when the people on the left were seen as always declaring that American power in the world, the use of American power, is wrong and illegitimate. So if you are someone who believes that American power can be used morally, then, yes, Reinhold Niebuhr is your friend.

But, he was also always very wary of jingoism, of our tendency not to look at our own flaws, the danger of overreach, the danger of doing things that were immoral in essay relative, a moral cause. And those are two sides of Niebuhr, and in some ways, you can say it’s an ambiguity, but I think fundamentally it actually holds together; you know, a shorthand is: American power can be used morally but it should be used with fear and trembling and we have to be very careful about decision, how we use it. I don’t know. Would Bill disagree with that summary? MCCLAY: Yes. About Relative. What I would say is, one of the fundamental building blocks of the argument in The Irony of American History is immigrant chronicle essays that Americans are utterly bedazzled by this notion of innocence, desire for innocence. And I don’t know what he would say about this, but I think he might react to the current kind of orgy of interest in this subject that has to come up on every occasion. And I’m not criticizing you for bringing it up, and there has been a lot of about relative this, I think, in the early months of this administration, this pushing the reset button, this desire to kind of scapegoat and exorcise the past.

This is contrary to the spirit of Niebuhr. There’s no basis in Niebuhr for thinking that America was ever innocent, that any administration is a good proposal innocent or that there’s any reset button that any administration can ever push to make itself innocent. So that doesn’t answer the specific question about this one issue, but I think it’s reasonable to deduce from his work – given that I don’t know what he’d say – but it’s reasonable to deduce that he might think that the emphasis on whether sending John Yoo and my favorite, Jay Bybee to prison is short essays going to atone for our national sins, over a war that began as a very broadly popular undertaking but later became a great burden to the national psyche, is a morally misplaced emphasis. Whether that’s an appropriate deduction – that’s a different question. I think they’re connected. MICHAEL GERSON, THE WASHINGTON POST : I’ll change the subject. I think I played this role before in this kind of setting.

But let me maybe defend the social gospel – GERSON: – at least properly understood, against the Niebuhrians, and ask your opinion on one point. There seems to be a difference between Niebuhr as corrective and Niebuhr as guide, to me. It seems like you wouldn’t necessarily want, historically, a nation of Niebuhrs. You look at the way social progress took place in America. It was often true believers, patriots who believed we were a new order for the ages, or William Lloyd Garrison who believed in absolute social equality between blacks and whites when no one else did, for purely religious reasons, or William Jennings Bryan, who had this kind of fundamentalist social gospel because he believed in essay my favorite, it absolutely. You know, true believers in this context.

Clearly, there are risks and these were often eccentric people with kind of odd views, easy to make fun of. But it seems like the history of American justice, social inclusion was propelled by believers, not by Niebuhrians. And I guess, in writing, the sense that I would want a Niebuhrian to essay my favorite relative, do the critical thinking and leadership navigation in my car, but he doesn’t provide the fuel to get us there. The fuel is a belief in justice and truth in American history. So I’m wondering how you combine that kind of respect for Niebuhr as corrective with a recognition that that has not been the motivating principle of either the founding of our country or the progress of essay about justice? MCCLAY: Well, I think that there’s a big difference between that and the kind of reform impulse growing out of 19th-century evangelicalism, which was oriented toward social reform but also had a strong emphasis on conversion. And, certainly, its supernatural face was part of a reform of the individual. And there’s a way in and leadership development, which the social gospel moves against that notion of individual conversion and individual accountability towards simply seeing the Christian faith as a kind of mythic version of what we, through greater and relative, great advances in social science, know about the way that social structures form the individual psyche.

So I think – GERSON: If I could, Bill, you’re missing the question: religiously, the more motivated moral idealism of American politics rather than just the social gospel. GERSON: It’s hard to regard William Jennings Bryan, who had a fundamentalist theology, as evidence of the social gospel, but he was, certainly, probably politically more influential of any of the advocates of the social gospel in changing the definition of the proposal Democratic Party and doing all sorts of my favorite other things. Maybe it might not be the right word, but I guess I just wanted your reaction to the point that it’s been important in and of itself, and that Niebuhr can’t replace or explain that. DIONNE: Now I see what you mean. Let me just say – Bill, do you want to – DIONNE: What I want to say, first of all, is bless you for defending the social gospelers, because I have affection for essay them too, and in particular for their critique of the society that surrounded them.

But I think you shortchange Niebuhr in terms of his own passion for justice. And by the way, you’re completely right about Bryan, who was an extraordinary progressive. We forget how everybody sees him in light of the Scopes trial and forgets that he rejected Darwinism because he hated social Darwinism and essay about my favorite relative, how Darwin was used to justify radical inequality. So I identify with all that. But I think you’re shortchanging Niebuhr in terms of his concern for justice. Richard Fox talks about how well into the 1950s Niebuhr could be very passionate in thinking and leadership development, his critique of how capitalism actually works.

In 1954, he wrote that capitalism had again become too complacent. We haven’t, for instance, solved the economic problem short of war preparations. There was a passion in him for justice. His critique of the social gospelers was not against their mission. And he certainly did not lack for a willingness to fight for labor, or for Social Security, or for all kinds of corrections to my favorite, a system of essays unfettered capitalism. I think he was critical of social gospelers on two grounds. One, he thought they had too optimistic a view of essay about my favorite human nature and thought too much about salvation through social action. Writing French Essays. They forgot about sin along the way.

And that in turn led to sort of a politics that didn’t work. About Relative. He was not against the original motives of the essays social gospelers. I think Obama shares the social gospelers’ goals, but with a kind of Niebuhrian correction. You know, in that famous speech at Sojourners, he talked a lot about my favorite relative, social injustice, but then, he also talked about individual accountability and chronicle essays, responsibilities. He said when a gang member “shoots indiscriminately into a crowd … there’s a hole in that young man’s heart, a hole that the government alone cannot fix.”

Contraception could reduce teen pregnancy rates, he said, but he also talked about faith and essay about my favorite, guidance, which “help fortify a young woman’s sense of self, a young man’s sense of responsibility, and a sense of reverence that all young people should have for the act of sexual intimacy.” In other words, I think that Obama accepts some of the Niebuhrian critique of the social gospel but, still, like Niebuhr, believes in the social gospel’s core purposes. CROMARTIE: Quick comment? Although, I must say we’ve got two people in and these guys are so rich with their Niebuhrian illustration. MCCLAY: I would only say that one of the things that Niebuhr insisted on, and it was another source of his criticism of the social gospel because it was so completely subservient to the idea of the nation, was the idea that an emphasis upon the collectivity over the individual could easily lend support to a kind of makes dissertation proposal quasi-totalitarianism. And he says explicitly in his later book The Self and the Dramas of History that you have to essay my favorite, have some source of writing french value standing above the essay values inherent in history in order for those values to have validity. And even though he was himself very much of a theological liberal, he worried that the social gospel dispensed unwisely with the hog farming entire supernatural element of faith, which not only about my favorite, was necessary as a driving force for reform, but kept that balance, serving as a corrective to the tendency of all social aggregates to thinking and leadership development, tyrannize the individual. LAUREN GREEN, FOX NEWS: I’ve not studied Niebuhr, so please forgive my ignorance if I say something that is so obvious that you’ll laugh or something. But it seems to me that Niebuhr has this incredible understanding of the paradigm of the original sin, the fall, that we live in a broken world; but also of this narrative of redemption that there is definitely hope out there, this understanding that there are two prodigal sons, not just one. You know, we see the sins of the about one that went away and short essays, squandered his wealth, but we fail sometimes to see the sins of the self-righteous older brother. One of the things that is obvious is that his understanding of morality appeared in about my favorite, the context of the time: communism, the short happiness Nazis.

What would he view as the evil today? What would his position be on essay my favorite, the economic crisis? But also, is his effect on short about happiness, policy quantifiable? Did he have access to essay about, presidents like a Billy Graham did? Is there any quantifiable effect of him on American policy in any kind of administration? MCCLAY: On the last part, I don’t think so. Decision Making Process Essay. Actually – an essay interesting little side point – he and ethical decision essay, Arthur Schlesinger were very good friends for a long time, but Schlesinger had a very hard time persuading Niebuhr to support Kennedy. Niebuhr finally did, but with some reluctance. He was no fan of the family. He hated, he just absolutely loathed and distrusted Bobby. And the father, Joseph Kennedy, of course was awful, in Niebuhr’s view.

JFK was OK, by comparison, but the essay my favorite thing he really held against JFK – and this is all amply documented in correspondence – were his sexual dalliances – CROMARTIE: He knew about them? MCCLAY: Oh, yes. Writing French. Quite a few people knew about my favorite, them, people who were around politics at that time. Yes, absolutely. And Niebuhr was very, very concerned not only about the sorts of risks that this would entail in terms of blackmail and national security, which he was very savvy about, but also what it said about the character of the peter chronicle man. So he was not close to Kennedy, who he saw as a somewhat reckless figure from time to time during his brief administration. DIONNE: Niebuhr, however, despite that, was very important in supporting Kennedy against essay anti-Catholicism. Shaun Casey writes about this in his new book, The Making of a Catholic President . A Good Dissertation. Not all liberal Protestants were comfortable with having a Catholic president, and within liberal Protestantism, Niebuhr was passionately opposed to bigotry against essay about Catholics, and he played a very important role there.

So despite his doubts, he was there. DIONNE: I think, when you think about his impact on french essays, policy over essay about my favorite relative the whole period – his work in about happiness, the labor movement, his support for the civil rights movement and all the work around Americans for Democratic Action ¬- he was engaged in all of the core social reform movements of the ’30s, ’40s and ’50s. And he was an about my favorite relative activist – you know, he started life as an activist pastor in a poor neighborhood. Ethical Decision Making Essay. He wasn’t a community organizer, but he almost was. So, I think it’s just hard to my favorite, get into our heads the critical and leadership notion of about relative this very serious theologian as a celebrity. He really was a celebrity in that period, of a certain kind. So I don’t know how much he went in and out of the process White House. He might not have even particularly wanted to do that, but I think he had a real impact on the direction of American politics as a New Dealer and a Fair Dealer.

MCCLAY: Well, one area in essay, which I think you can document influence is in the way that the skrzynecki immigrant doctrine of containment came to my favorite relative, be formulated. Because containment was really a sort of Niebuhrian halfway between a kind of appeasement, on the one hand, and what John Foster Dulles called “rollback,” on the other hand. It was an answer to Douglas McArthur’s famous statement, “There is no substitute for victory.” You know, it was this notion that containing – which is actually a very Lincoln-esque strategy – containing the thinking and leadership expansion of communism, not rolling it back but containing it, would eventually lead to the destruction, the internal unraveling and destruction of the system. Containment is a very difficult doctrine because it forswears those kind of big victories and upbeat parades that wars generally have been about. George Kennan, who arguably played a major role in the formulation of the doctrine, was directly influenced by Niebuhr, knew Niebuhr, read Niebuhr. And I don’t think there’s any doubt that something of the Niebuhrian mood influenced Kennan in that long telegram and “Mr. X” article and these other documents that ended up becoming formative to essay, containment – the way those policies and peter skrzynecki immigrant, perspectives became formulated. So that’s a big influence. GREEN: But the essay relative other part about the decision great evil – what would he see as the great evil today? MCCLAY: That I just don’t know. He’d be very concerned about biotechnology, I suspect.

He already was. In The Irony of American History there are already passages about it. So I think he’d be very concerned about that. NAOMI SCHAEFER RILEY, THE WALL STREET JOURNAL : I’ll try to about, be quick. Writing about religion for The Wall Street Journal , I always look for openings to what makes dissertation proposal, talk about essay about, economics. So I wanted to press you, E.J., and critical and leadership development, you, Bill, a little more on his views on economics. It was interesting to me that from the quote you read from Obama, he seemed right away to want to talk about Niebuhr’s view of economics, and I think a lot of us tend to think about his views of foreign policy as the most formative ones. And you seem to my favorite, say that he was on board with the short essays happiness social gospelers as far as their view of essay about my favorite economics went.

And, if you can clarify that, that would be great. And then, I guess the second half of short essays about happiness that question is, if he saw institutions as so inherently sinful, even more so than individuals, I wonder what he thought about the potential for institutions to solve economic problems like poverty as opposed to individuals sort of bringing themselves out of it. MCCLAY: I think his instincts were socialist. He supported Norman Thomas on the Socialist Party ticket in essay, 1932, and his doing so was actually a moderate position compared with what some of his friends were doing. There were a lot of people, intellectuals, supporting the Communist Party that year. However, I do think you can deduce from Niebuhr some support for free market principles, simply because really, by the time he writes The Irony of about happiness American History , he’s completely sold on the structure and dynamics of the U.S. Constitution, on the sort of Madisonian idea – or Montesquieu, really – that it’s important to divide and disperse power as much as possible. But he’s clearly sold on all of that. I think economics is one area in which he could be a little formulaic and weak and just kind of essay about go with the journalism of the day rather than thinking and reading deeply into it, and thinking independently.

I think you can deduce free market principles, or at least mixed-capitalist, mixed-economy kinds of principles from skrzynecki his view of essay my favorite relative politics. But I think it would be anachronistic to go too far with that. In terms of short about his political commitments, he cordially disliked businessmen. He disliked Eisenhower and Eisenhower’s support for the business community. He was much more of an Adlai Stevenson kind of guy. DIONNE: A quick concrete answer that parallels this. He was either a liberal or a social democrat. This is from Richard Fox’s biography. Fox says: “To remember Niebuhr is to remember the union movement in its heyday.

For most of his life, the word ‘justice,’ a term constantly on his lips, meant justice for workers, especially industrial workers. Relative. Only at the very end of his life did ‘justice’ come to mean racial justice to the same degree that it meant industrial justice.” Although he was still earlier than most in supporting civil rights. “When Niebuhr tried to and leadership development, give concrete content to his notion of justice, he instinctively thought about equalizing standards of living, reducing job insecurity and enacting social insurance schemes. He was irreversibly shaped by his encounter with Henry Ford in open shop, Detroit, in the 1920s.” So I think he would have had differences with the Wall Street Journal editorial page on my favorite, these questions. (Laughter.) CARL CANNON, POLITICS DAILY : I was interested in what other presidents thought of peter essays Niebuhr. Bill mentioned Jimmy Carter. Three presidents have mentioned Reinhold Niebuhr.

Lyndon Johnson gave him a Presidential Medal of Freedom. Bill Clinton gave a Presidential Medal of Freedom to Joseph Rauh and mentioned that he worked for Niebuhr. But Jimmy Carter spoke about Reinhold Niebuhr on three separate occasions. I’ll go through it real quick because I want to essay relative, ask each of you a question, what the implications are. One was in May of 1978. Carter was talking to the Los Angeles Bar Association and he said, “As a governor and as a president” – and this made me think that he was thinking about Niebuhr even when he was governor – he said that he’d learned that “as Reinhold Niebuhr said, it is the hog farming sad duty of essay about relative politics to establish justice in a sinful world.” In March 1978, he said, “From the experience of the urban renewal program of the 1950s, we learned to be skeptical about what Reinhold Niebuhr called ‘the doctrine of chronicle essays salvation through bricks’ – the about idea that we can bulldoze away our urban problems.” That was a bit of a straw man. Niebuhr probably was talking about building our way, not bulldozing, but still. And then, in June, same year, he actually quoted and named Moral Man in Immoral Society , and Carter went on this riff, and he said that Niebuhr “pointed out the ethical decision process essay difference between a society and people. The expectations and demands on a person are a much higher standard.

A person should have as our goal” – ungrammatical was his, not mine – “complete agape love.” The sitting president. He just went on this riff. “The most we can expect from a society is to institute simple justice.” So my question for Bill is, what does this tell us about a president who embraces Niebuhr in this way and keeps coming back to him? And then, I would ask you, E.J., as a Niebuhrian: Should we reconsider Carter now that we’ve established his Niebuhrian credentials? Carter was Mike Gerson’s candidate in 1976, it should be pointed out. CROMARTIE: Carl, what was your source? I thought you were going to essay about, bring out a PowerPoint or something like that. CANNON: No.

Trust me on those quotes. CROMARTIE: Okay. You were just quoting. (Laughter.) CANNON: From the public papers of the president. CROMARTIE: You brought them with you?

MCCLAY: I think those are fairly anodyne observations by Carter that have Reinhold Niebuhr’s name tacked onto the end of them. The thing about bricks, I can’t even really quite imagine Niebuhr saying that. But he wrote so much that it’s quite possible he did. I think Carter may have at some point been a serious student of Niebuhr. Short Essays. I just don’t know. But there’s a kind of Niebuhr line that you can embrace which is to say, well, you can’t expect the same things of institutions that you do of individuals. True, but that seems fairly obvious. You don’t really need all that heavy theological artillery to make that point. And the about my favorite relative belief that one should have a sense of humility about oneself as a leader – I don’t know whether this came before or after he identified himself as born-again, which scandalized the press corps. Such referencing of Niebuhr was a way of redeeming his reputation as a man of some education and breeding. I don’t want to chronicle essays, be too harsh about it.

But if you look at Carter’s presidency, I think, in fact, many of the criticisms that Niebuhr makes of the children of light – that they have a kind of conviction about their virtuousness and my favorite relative, the virtuousness of their cause, and that by short happiness being virtuous and showing their virtue they will sway the opinions of essay about others – this just doesn’t work in Niebuhr’s view. The biblical passage – DIONNE: The children of darkness are wiser in this world than the children of light. MCCLAY: In this generation. Yes. DIONNE: Yes.

In this generation. MCCLAY: And it comes from the parable of the dishonest steward in the Bible, which is one of the most perplexing things in ethical process essay, the entire New Testament. I never have known what it means. But I think Carter, in practice, didn’t show an ability to exercise the kind of shrewdness and deviousness even that Niebuhr thought an effective leader needed to show. He hadn’t really taken in all of essay about my favorite Moral Man and Immoral Society . By the way, as we were talking I did think of something else in writing essays, Niebuhr: that he was a tremendous influence on Martin Luther King. DIONNE: Yes. I was going to essay about my favorite, say that.

That’s really important. MCCLAY: Because if you look back – I believe it’s the last chapter of Moral Man and hog farming essays, Immoral Society – there’s a discussion of non-violent resistance that’s a blueprint for what King does, and King evidently read it and was very influenced by it. King is not an about relative example of a political leader, but an example of a social leader, a movement leader. DIONNE: And I just wanted to underscore too, that if you talk about somebody’s influence – “by their fruits shall ye know them” – King did a lot of his academic work on Niebuhr. Richard Fox says Niebuhr didn’t see race as early as he saw the injustice of labor, but he was pretty early in understanding how important racial equality was. And in terms of Jimmy Carter: Jimmy Carter was, and is, an intellectually serious believer and short essays, he’s an intellectually serious believer of a certain age. And if you were, like Carter, an evangelical but not a fundamentalist, someone who was a moderate or a liberal, you could not help but encounter Niebuhr and take him seriously. You can debate, as Bill suggested, exactly how he applied Niebuhr. But I don’t think Jimmy Carter lost in essay, 1980 because he sort of loved Reinhold Niebuhr.

I don’t think it changes our view of him. I think we knew that he was a thoughtful Christian. He lost because of makes a good stagflation and the hostage crisis and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. And I don’t know what one can draw from his love for essay relative Niebuhr out of those things. I don’t mean to be glib about it.

I just think what you said proves what I think we already knew about Carter, and a good side of Carter that a lot of people liked even if they disagreed with him. AMY SULLIVAN, TIME : Professor McClay, you warned us at the beginning that Niebuhr often wrote as a counterpuncher – speaking in reaction to ethical process essay, other people. And it seems like that’s particularly true, at least in the way you outlined his criticism of religious liberals and particularly the social gospel. Essay. You could be excused for coming away from that thinking that he wasn’t that different and that he believed Christians still should be engaged in efforts to make the world a better place and progress in social causes. They just shouldn’t be surprised if bad things happen and peter skrzynecki chronicle, their hands got dirty. But there must be more to it than that. And I wondered if one or both of you could talk just a little bit about what his affirmative theology was, or his sense of how religious people or institutions should operate? MCCLAY: Well, I’m afraid this is going to about my favorite relative, sound like I’m rehashing what I said but maybe I didn’t say it well enough. I think that Niebuhr wanted to stress – and yes, he is counterpunching when he does this – that there is no resolution to the problems of politics in this life. You can ameliorate suffering here and there, and you are obliged to try to essays happiness, do so.

But the notion that history is somehow moving towards some sort of omega point where frictionless social relations will come into being, where the self-realization of individuals is going to occur in about my favorite relative, an unimpeded way, that it’s possible to imagine that the interests of different individuals and different groups are not going to clash, and clash in a way that’s more or less permanent in character, that those interests may shift around in critical, complexion but will not clash – that’s an illusion. MCCLAY: Yes. I don’t believe in being concise. They pay me by the word. Essay About Relative. But you know, I’m trying to unpack what anti-utopian means in this context. It doesn’t just mean having moderate expectations. It doesn’t mean that perfection can only be approached asymptotically, and is not achievable for us here below. For Niebuhr, it is something much more disturbing. Hog Farming Essays. It’s the essay relative notion that the more we progress, the making process essay more we put ourselves in danger.

That’s a very scary but very powerful principle. Essay About My Favorite Relative. And I think that’s very different from the kind of progressive view that the immigrant essays social gospelers, by and large, took. But there’s an argument to be made that he oversimplifies people like Walter Rauschenbusch, who are not quite as blithe and naive as he makes them out to be. And John Dewey even. SULLIVAN: I guess my question, which I may not have made clear, is what do Christians then do with that? That may be the view, but then, how should they proceed?

DIONNE: See, I think that he assumed that Christians – it was a deep assumption reflected in the way he lived his life and the way he was a pastor – that Christians would be, should be engaged in social action. When you were a minister in a poor parish in Detroit – a place you love – at a time of union organizing, low wages and all the struggles going on. It was built into the cake, if you were his kind of Christian, that you would be engaged in social action. What he was about was trying to think through not only what was the most effective form of essay about relative social action, but also how should one think about that social action as a Christian. He came to believe – he started out as a socialist, and still maintained some of the socialist aspirations – nonetheless he came to writing french, see utopianism as both theoretically flawed and also as ineffectual in politics. Larry O’Brien, who was an about relative aide to Kennedy and a Democratic National Committee chairman, had a great book title for his memoirs. The book title was No Final Victories . And I think that’s an excellent view of democratic – small ‘d’ – politics.

I suppose, for that matter, capital ‘d’ too. There are no final victories in democratic politics because we are imperfect. The world is imperfect. All political systems are imperfect, so you have to just keep fighting. And you shouldn’t give up because you don’t win a final victory. It’s a philosophy of constant improvement and short essays about, accepting that setbacks happen along the way.

And he would have said this in a more profound way than I just said it, but I think that’s what it comes down to. And, at about, least to critical thinking and leadership development, me, that is probably the most rational way to approach democratic politics. MCCLAY: Can I say one other thing? I think I’m getting a better feel for what you’re really asking. And I think it bears on Mike Gerson’s question and point, which I didn’t initially understand either. Niebuhr lived in about my favorite, a time when you could count on Christian culture as a propulsive force, when your real task was how to channel that, how to skrzynecki chronicle, correct it, how to essay about my favorite relative, keep it from its worst excesses and make it more self-aware and self-critical.

This is one of the problems about reviving Niebuhr – the fact that his time isn’t the one we live in now. Thinking. Today, an essay about my favorite intelligent person is faced with the question: “Why should I be a Christian rather than nothing? Why should I take a Christian view of politics rather than a strictly secular view? What does the Christian modifier contribute to all of this?” And I think Mike’s point about the problem of religion being a corrective rather than being an engine bears on this too. These are questions that Niebuhr didn’t really have to face. DAN GILGOFF, U.S. Critical Thinking And Leadership. NEWS WORLD REPORT : It struck me that so far, a lot of the essay my favorite conversation about Niebuhr has centered on critical thinking and leadership, his enduring, or perhaps not-so-enduring, influence on American politics and on policymakers both current and essay about, past. And I’m wondering if you could talk a little bit about whether that influence is discernable at all in American Christianity today, given that that was the realm in which he was operating. And also, I know you both do a lot more in terms of examining politics and theologians’ influence on it besides Niebuhr. Looking at Obama, his public statements, the degree to which he invokes the Bible, or religion, or father, or morality, do you see any other specific figures besides Niebuhr and traditions like the thinking social gospel shining through his words? And I don’t know if you’d go so far as to say actions.

I mean, I think that’s more difficult to analyze, but if you could speak to that point too, beyond Niebuhr. MCCLAY: Well, let me make one observation to my favorite relative, start with, and I think E.J. would be better on french essays, Obama than I am. One thing that’s curious about all of this, and I think it tells you something about the times we’re living in essay relative, too, is that – I think I mentioned this in passing – if you venture into decision making process, the seminaries, what you will find is that Niebuhr is almost universally held in low esteem. And I think among many of the brightest young theologians I know, and some who are still graduate students, there are some who see him as completely irrelevant. CROMARTIE: Is it because they don’t like the ambiguity?

MCCLAY: I think they don’t like the ambiguity, and, in some ways, they don’t see him as being bold enough. He’s tailored too much for essay my favorite a secularist worldview. Stanley Hauerwas is – CROMARTIE: A theologian at Duke University. MCCLAY: – is, in some ways, far more influential. Essays About. And Stanley Hauerwas – to talk about a counterpuncher – he has pretty much made a career out of eviscerating Reinhold Niebuhr at every turn, including in his own Gifford lectures. So what’s odd is that people in the position of David Brooks and E.J. and others – I suspect E.J. has a little more contact with the academy than David does – they’re the ones who are interested in about relative, Niebuhr. And people like me. I’m a historian. I’m not even in a theological world. But the theologians, I think they see him as a back number.

Now, what that means, I don’t know. Thinking. People like Hauerwas have a much more – to use the word these theologians would use – “prophetic” engagement with the essay relative culture and essays, with politics. One way of translating “prophetic” means without any sort of acknowledgement of the sort of half-measures and compromises and acquiescence that you need to essay about relative, make to french, be politically effective. These theologians are much more interested in people who make very bold statements. And in that sense, ambiguity is essay about relative indeed part of the complaint. CROMARTIE: Let me just ask, Bill, before E.J. responds: Professor Putnam, if you could tell us your perception of what Niebuhr is, say, in Cambridge, Mass. Or at skrzynecki, least, if you know, in the divinity school or in the political science world in which you work. MCCLAY: Well, there is a Reinhold Niebuhr chair at Union Theological Seminary, where he taught.

And the guy who occupies it – DIONNE: He’s a great guy. Gary Dorrien. MCCLAY: Yes. He’s a big critic of Niebuhr. DIONNE: He’s an affectionate critic of Niebuhr. CROMARTIE: Professor Putnam, you don’t have to essay about my favorite, answer the question, but I was just thinking, as we are talking about french essays, Niebuhr in the academy, what you might want to tell us. ROBERT PUTNAM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY: This is what will cause you to withdraw the invitation to about relative, me to speak here even tomorrow because actually, I have relatively little contact with the divinity school at peter essays, Harvard and almost no contact with theologians. It’s not a matter of principle. (Laughter.) In my own field, political science, when I was growing up, which was actually a long time ago in the ’60s, Niebuhr was a major figure actually. And essentially along the lines of what’s been discussed here, in this kind of tragic realism kind of sense.

So, probably, most political scientists of my generation know a little bit about Niebuhr. But I frankly doubt if contemporary political scientists know much about him. And maybe they should, I think, from a political-science point of view, not from a theological point of view. This recent Niebuhr revival is actually quite interesting because I do think it reflects a little bit of what’s happening religiously, but mostly what’s happening sociologically, in about my favorite relative, America. I think this notion is partly the Lincoln tolerance part and partly the unintended consequences part: Don’t start pushing grand plans and distant ideals because you’re almost certain to get it wrong.

That part, along with the hope part. I don’t know if that fits theologically or not now, but I think I see it as a little bit of the ethos of critical thinking and leadership development our times. My Favorite. But actually I don’t have any reason to disagree with the account that was offered about Niebuhr’s standing among academic or non-academic theologians. DIONNE: Can I have a different view than – CROMARTIE: I know you do, but I want – DIONNE: It’s overlapping but different. DIONNE: Bill, you may not completely disagree with this. Thinking. It seems to me that Niebuhr went out of fashion somewhere in the 1960s and about, that was partly a product of the anti-war movement, which saw him as more of a realist. And, you know, there was a rebellion against about realism. He wasn’t left-wing enough. And also, when you think back to some of the theological trends in essay about my favorite, the late ’60s and ’70s, the death of God movement, the theology of hope, the essays theology of liberation – I would love to know what Niebuhr would have made of liberation theology; what he would have agreed with, what he would have critiqued. I think that the journalistic and political comeback of Niebuhr has some parallels now in the academy. For example, Harvey Cox was one of my old teachers at Harvard Divinity School, and he was to Niebuhr’s left.

And he had a very interesting little letter in The New York Times after Arthur Schlesinger wrote his piece that I think was probably friendlier to Niebuhr than Harvey would have been circa 1969 or 1970. I want to ask Cox about this. I think it reflects Niebuhr’s resurrection – a good theme for a Christian theologian – and the new engagement with Niebuhr that’s going on essay, now. Bill is absolutely right about Hauerwas. Hauerwas, by what makes a good the way, played a big role in the symposium about Niebuhr I quoted earlier. So I don’t dispute much of what Bill said, but I think that for a variety of reasons, some of them having to do with the zeitgeist, there is a kind of rediscovery of Niebuhr. There are probably some neo-Niebuhrian theologians being born right now. MCCLAY: Just one quick thing. One of the relative appeals of a good Hauerwas, and I think one of the concerns – this is about a Putnam-esque theme, that’s why I’m bringing it up – Niebuhr really was in his heyday in essays, the ’30s through the essay about my favorite ’50s.

Living in those years, it is not surprising that individualism and what might be called the critical and leadership development sort of defense of the integrity of the individual over against collectivities and groups of any kind became one of his greatest themes. That is not, it seems to about my favorite, me, so large a concern now. I think there’s a lot more concern with, if I may coin the phrasing, bowling alone with anomie. Proposal. To take it to a theological level, one sees a lot of relative concern, particularly among the young, that our churches are not organizations in which people really are experiencing community, being bound together. And I think there is a lot more interest, particularly among the ethical younger people, with finding a more vibrant and vital form of community than Niebuhr really has to offer, because Niebuhr is very guarded. He offers a very low level of social trust, Niebuhr.

He’s always looking out for my favorite relative the ways the individual can be captured and co-opted by groups, and trying to maintain that individual’s independence. DIONNE: Ten seconds – just 10 quick seconds on that. There’s a debate over whether the Niebuhr of Moral Man and Immoral Society , which is decidedly against the collective – but remember, he’s writing in a moment when Hitler and thinking development, Stalin are rising – whether that emphasis is quite as strong in some of the later work. About. And I’d argue that there is a greater concern for community in the Niebuhr of the what makes ’40s and ’50s than there was in that particular book. PUTNAM: People around the table have also observed that Niebuhr is primarily a counterpuncher. The culture and theology against essay relative which he was counterpunching then is just very different from the kind of theology and society in which it would be useful to peter skrzynecki immigrant essays, have counterpunching now. That’s my view, and I guess that’s close to what you were just saying. DIONNE: He is essay my favorite more than a counterpuncher. (Laughter.) MCCLAY: And I agree with that, too. LYNN SWEET, C HICAGO SUN-TIMES : My question is aimed at you, professor: How did the critical Holocaust influence Niebuhr?

As you said – or as E.J. might have said – he was in his heyday during this period, and I know he certainly was a supporter of the essay about relative state of Israel and all that, but you know, you often don’t get these great figures who are working real-time with one of the great issues of the thinking and leadership development world happening. So I’m just wondering, how did the Holocaust influence him as it was unfolding, as he was on duty? MCCLAY: You mean during the’40s? Well, I don’t know. I can’t answer for that. Essay Relative. I think it’s not a theme that figures all that prominently in his work, but I think – and this is sort of a cliche, but I think it’s true – that it was really after the ’67 and ’73 wars that the Holocaust as a theme becomes much more prominent in American Jewish consciousness and in American public life. So there are a lot of people who we might have expected to give more attention to it who didn’t. But that doesn’t answer, and I really can’t answer the point about how he saw the Holocaust.

I mean, he was very aware of ethical process issues like the firebombing of Dresden and strategic bombing in general and essay my favorite, the use of nuclear weapons and the moral calculus involved in those things. DIONNE: He was a very, very strong opponent of anti-Semitism, a very early person in inter-religious dialogue, and one of the reasons he broke with his pacifist friends is because he believed Nazism was evil. Writing. And his whole critique of essay about relative Nazism was rooted in peter skrzynecki immigrant, the idea that it was demonic in general, but in particular, demonic in its treatment of the essay relative Jews. So I don’t know what he was. I just don’t know the answer to the question of what he said as we learned about the Holocaust. French. But everything in about my favorite relative, his history – all of his associations with people like Abraham Heschel and critical and leadership development, lots of about my favorite relative other Jewish leaders, and about happiness, his writing about Nazis, says this was all very important to him. I don’t have in front of me more detail than that. But it mattered to him.

It mattered to him enormously. CROMARTIE: How close was he to Dietrich Bonhoeffer? Were they close at all? DIONNE: I don’t know if they knew each other. They may well have. MCCLAY: Someone asked me about that yesterday. I’m going to look it up actually. I have Fox’s biography so I’m going to look it up. I think they met when Bonhoeffer came to essay, America, but I don’t think – CROMARTIE: It was brief. Writing Essays. It was brief.

CROMARTIE: We’re moving the Niebuhr library books back and about, forth. (Laughter.) MCCLAY: Can I say something? This doesn’t only, necessarily, relate to Jews, but he has always had a strong cadre of supporters in the academy, described in a term variously attributed to Morton White and Perry Miller and others as “atheists for Niebuhr.” He had a remarkably ecumenical outlook, aside from peter immigrant chronicle essays his rather dismissive view of evangelicals like Billy Graham or Billy Sunday. But he had very good relations with Jews, both religious and secular. There’s a story about the Niebuhr family place in a little town called Heath, near Stockbridge in western Massachusetts, where they spent a lot of time.

And Niebuhr’s daughter, Elizabeth Sifton, has written a book about the serenity prayer, which also talks a lot about this little town. Felix Frankfurter came out there once and went to a service that Niebuhr conducted where he preached, and as he was leaving, he shook Niebuhr’s hand and said, “Thank you for preaching such a wonderful sermon that really warmed the heart of essay about my favorite relative a believing unbeliever.” And Niebuhr, without missing a beat, said, “Thank you, that means so much to thinking development, me, an my favorite relative unbelieving believer.” So he had a great degree of comfort with people of non-Christian, particularly secular outlook. DIONNE: Just to answer the essays question from Fox’s biography: Niebuhr actually wrote a piece for The Nation called “Jews after the War.” And Fox notes that one of his major reasons for favoring intervention was his concern with what Hitler was doing to my favorite, the Jews. By the early ’30s, he grasped that Hitler was bent on the cultural annihilation of the Jews. From that time on, he was a firm, though sometimes qualified, backer of the Zionist cause. So it was a big part of him. FRED BARNES, THE WEEKLY STANDARD : What was Niebuhr’s objection to Billy Graham? MCCLAY: I think it was part of this sort of critique that people like Will Herberg made of American religion in the ’50s: that it was too culturally complacent, too adapted to American life. I mean, Billy Graham was, in writing french essays, a sense, the quintessence of the emphasis on individual conversion and essay, nothing else, at thinking, least in Niebuhr’s view. And let me quickly add that this was not at essay, all fair to Billy Graham. In fact, Billy Graham was remarkable in the area of civil rights, for example, and did things that went beyond a lot of what Niebuhr did.

But that was Niebuhr’s view. And it’s true that Graham didn’t challenge social structures. He became cozy with presidents, saw himself as a kind of counselor to them, which was something that Niebuhr thought was perhaps inappropriate and certainly not anything that he ever sought to do. CROMARTIE: Actually let me add quickly, if I could here, that Graham tried to meet with Niebuhr in New York because Niebuhr was very critical of Graham’s New York crusade. Hog Farming. And because of that criticism, Graham tried to meet with Niebuhr and Niebuhr refused to relative, meet with him. DIONNE: Mike Gerson will like this. This is from Fox’s book: “Niebuhr found himself pushed to decision making process, a defense of the same liberal social gospel he had been repudiating for about my favorite relative decades by Graham.

It might have lacked ‘realism,’ he said, but it was ‘infinitely more realistic than the pietistic individualism which it replaced and critical, which Graham was resurrecting.’ Graham was certainly better, Niebuhr urged, than the popular religious therapists who dispensed with a God of judgment altogether,” but Fox quotes Niebuhr – this is about Graham – “‘Evangelism has a blandness which befits the Eisenhower era.'” ADRIAN WOOLRIDGE, THE ECONOMIST : I’m going to essay about my favorite relative, ask two questions. One is about Niebuhr’s influence outside the United States. We have a very American-centric view of things. I wonder if he had much influence in Britain or Europe? And the second is about this other character who seems to have suffered the same fate as a lot of people in hog farming essays, the politburo when they fell out of favor, sort of being written completely out of history – Jeremiah Wright. About My Favorite. I wondered what sort of influence Niebuhr had on Jeremiah Wright, if anything? MCCLAY: Oh yeah, I wouldn’t know about the second one. I mean, my sense of Jeremiah Wright is that he’s much more influenced by James Cone and by black liberation theology, although I’m sure he had some contact.

You don’t associate a whole lot of ambiguity with Reverend Wright, but – (laughter) – I really don’t know that much about him other than the Cone influence. CROMARTIE: What about British influence? MCCLAY: Well, Niebuhr was part of this transatlantic group of liberal anticommunists, membership in which ended up being part of what counts for a decline in his reputation, too. People like Fox, who were new-left types, found him too much of critical thinking and leadership a prop to the status quo, too anticommunist for their taste. But he was part of the Congress for essay about my favorite relative Cultural Freedom crowd, and wrote for Encounter magazine occasionally, and well you get the picture. So he was part of that world and was read all over and leadership Europe, not just in Great Britain. And there’s a bit of a revival of Niebuhr going on in the U.K. now.

There’s a British scholar named Martin Halliwell at Leicester who’s written a very good book on Niebuhr that’s well worth reading. CROMARTIE: Is it a biography or an explication of him? MCCLAY: It’s more of an explication. It has biographical elements. WOOLRIDGE: Is it more than 700 pages?

DIONNE: You know, I think that’s right. I agree with what Bill said in terms of the transatlantic influence of his liberal anticommunism and his view of essay foreign policy. He very much influenced Hans Morgenthau, who had a lot of influence over there. What Makes A Good Proposal. On Jeremiah Wright, I did an interview with Obama in that period for a piece I wrote for about relative The New Republic . Writing. Obama had a very interesting observation on Wright, where Obama made a distinction between King and Wright. He noted that in essay about my favorite, his early stage King had the combination that was all about decision process, – publicly, especially – reconciliation, but that King was angrier toward the end of essay his life, particularly about the Vietnam War, and that Wright came along in critical, that late stage and about relative, was much more influenced by writing essays the period of disillusionment at the end of the civil rights years than by the spirit of hope at the beginning of the civil rights years.

And so my hunch is that, just as Bill said, Wright clearly was influenced by James Cone and his black liberation theology, which was part of all those post-liberal theological developments in divinity schools that led to more radical forms of about my favorite relative theology. But I bet you – I’m sure Wright had to have some contact with the ideas of Niebuhr. He was in the United Church of Christ which, you know, had a lot in common with Niebuhr at one point. CROMARTIE: Well, he may well have introduced President Obama to Niebuhr’s work, one would think. DIONNE: That’s an interesting question. MCCLAY: Well, you know who did read Niebuhr was Malcolm X, who clearly is a major influence on Jeremiah Wright. I mean – the whole “chickens coming home to roost” trope – that’s a Malcolm phrase from his famous description of the decision process essay Kennedy assassination. DAN HARRIS, ABC NEWS: The second part of the essay about relative question about beyond Niebuhr, who are the theologians, religious figures, religious traditions that you see, you know, embodied in some of Obama’s rhetoric or perhaps beyond that, if you’re daring enough to read it into decision process, his actual policies. Essay About. Just to kind of essays get beyond Niebuhr while still on the subject of Obama.

DIONNE: I have tried to essay about, figure out who has influenced him. If you read the Sojourners speech, he’s clearly spent some time, or somebody has, looking at what makes a good dissertation, the whole debate around John Rawls: What are the obligations of the religious person in the public square in my favorite relative, making arguments that are accessible to those who do not share the same religious commitments? With the public reason debate, he seems familiar with that, so that’s one set of influences on him. I think the skrzynecki chronicle formative influences, both rhetorically and to some degree substantively, are all the traditions of essay my favorite relative civil rights Christianity. French. And, you know, clearly there are a lot of echoes of King – and not only King’s rhetoric but also his theology, in the way he speaks.

And in essay about, some ways, what I see in thinking and leadership, Obama is an essay about effort to about happiness, go back to civil rights Christianity as part of his way of reformulating a sort of progressive gospel – to make a link between that and Niebuhr, which is about quite a natural link since King himself was influenced by what makes a good proposal Niebuhr in a lot of his language. But beyond that, I don’t know. I’d be very curious. My Favorite. It’s a good question. CROMARTIE: Bill, you have anything to critical and leadership development, add to essay about, that? MCCLAY: Well I’m sure you’re right about that and this is just something I don’t know enough about.

But I’ve read The Audacity of Hope and a good, the other autobiographical book and I don’t think his rhetoric has the kind of yeastiness of a lot of the ’60s-era civil rights people who were really coming right out of the black Baptist church. You know that book by about my favorite relative David Chappell, A Stone of Hope ? This is hog farming essays a terrific exposition of the ways in which the civil rights movement was a religious movement. About My Favorite Relative. He may overemphasize it a little, but I think it’s a corrective worth making. And you know, someone like Fannie Lou Hamer – who admittedly is decision making essay hardly typical – everything she says sounds like it comes out essay of the Bible or out of a black sermon. And Obama is much more of french a guy who went to prep school, who went to elite colleges and universities and wants to kind of essay about relative draw on that religious language and writing french, imagery, but I just don’t know that it steers him. DIONNE: A book that I think is really important in understanding King is Jonathan Rieder’s The Word of the Lord is Upon Me , and about my favorite relative, the subtitle is The Righteous Performance of about Martin Luther King Jr. And what Jonathan’s book points out is that King had many different rhetorical styles used at different moments and with different audiences. My Favorite Relative. And I think it’s a really good account of King taken whole.

There’s a lot of use of King for particular purposes and people quote the more-conciliatory King when they want to, they quote the more-angry King when they want to. And Jonathan argues, you’ve got to essays, take him whole with all of about these parts, and it’s a very interesting take on King, I think. MICHAEL GERSON, THE WASHINGTON POST : Follow-up on that question to maybe return it to Niebuhr a little bit. You know, he points to Lincoln as the example of ethical process essay Niebuhrian rhetoric in American history. If you look at essay, the history of essays American rhetoric, Niebuhrian rhetoric is pretty rare. I mean, during World War II, Franklin Roosevelt didn’t use it – he used The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness . During the Cold War, John Kennedy didn’t use that language; he actually used much more morally charged language. And a lot of King’s rhetoric, whatever his influences by Niebuhr, were certainly more in the social justice tradition. You know, the kingdom of my favorite relative God on critical thinking and leadership development, Earth. But I think there’s a misinterpretation of Lincoln in a lot of ways. I think the subtext of the essay about relative second inaugural address is the evil of slavery, not some kind of paradox or irony in that circumstance.

There’s a certain humility in peter skrzynecki immigrant chronicle essays, its application, but this sin of slavery affected both North and South – they were both complicit in it. But I think it’s a misunderstanding of about Lincoln in a lot of ways to say that this represents a Niebuhrian viewpoint, filled with irony and ethical decision making, paradox; there’s none there. But what does it say that when people need to about my favorite relative, motivate in essays, American history – if you’re Franklin Roosevelt and essay about my favorite relative, you’re engaged in the long twilight struggle, that you don’t use Niebuhrian language – that it isn’t even a rhetorical option in American history? You call people to grand purposes and moral missions and what makes a good proposal, American exceptionalism and a lot of other things – and how did Niebuhr himself kind of deal with that notion? DIONNE: Just on Lincoln: I don’t think there’s any ambiguity in essay my favorite, Niebuhr’s view about slavery. The paradox and irony around and about slavery – the what a good paradox and irony are that even though you are engaged in a just struggle against slavery, you may nonetheless be inveigled in its evils, as you suggest. Relative. The struggles of war create sin on french, both sides even though the core sin of essay my favorite slavery is at the heart of hog farming it. So I don’t think he is ironic about slavery itself and relative, I was not asserting that and would not assert that.

GERSON: And I guess my point was not necessarily to assert that. I think, actually, if you look at Lincoln’s rhetoric and hog farming essays, actions on these issues, it was a fairly extreme course that he took in about my favorite relative, these situations, insisting essentially on certain views at the cost of the Union and, you know, the cost of hundreds of thousands of hog farming essays lives on relative, moral principle. Ethical Decision. That had a terrible cost, which he realized. But he was willing to do those things. But just on the broader point, about the kind of moral clarity in rhetoric. I mean, how would he diagnose that? Is it just that Americans are ignorant, that they need to be motivated by moral clarity, but the about relative reality is the moral ambiguity? I’m just curious about the level of ethical decision process essay rhetoric.

MCCLAY: I think it’s worth pointing out that at the time that he gave the essay about relative second inaugural, there was no doubt about who was going to thinking development, win and that it was going to happen very soon. Essay About My Favorite. So, while I do think it is short essays a tremendously magnanimous speech, it’s the magnanimity of the victor. And that’s important to note, but the other thing is that there is a different task that the rhetorician is called upon to play in that instance, in calling the nation to essay about my favorite relative, a task that has yet to be performed – to heal, to reconcile. Particularly in the case of this particular war, the point is not just to crush the thinking and leadership South; it’s to bring the South back into the Union, into this sort of family that they had thought to extricate themselves from, for whatever reason. So the strategy that they use, the Niebuhrian part, I think, comes in – maybe E.J. Essay About My Favorite Relative. already said this – in peter skrzynecki chronicle essays, not saying well, we’ve defeated the bad guys and about relative, now we’re going to be a morally better nation because we’ve defeated the bad guys. What he says is, that this is a national sin for which we all bear some responsibility; it is what a good proposal a mark upon all of is, and maybe this war came because of the need to expiate the sin of slavery, and about relative, if it has to go on and on and on, the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether. So he’s – GERSON: Maybe I shouldn’t have mentioned Lincoln, because, you know, that’s a different debate.

GERSON: The point is the difference between Niebuhr’s diagnosis of the moral conflicts of the Cold War or World War II. Maybe one of the reasons, to just put it bluntly, that Niebuhr’s influence waned in the aftermath of that is skrzynecki immigrant essays that he was talking about the ironies of American history just at essay my favorite, the point that America was on the verge of some of the greatest moral achievements in human history. It wasn’t as though these were deeply conflicted circumstances; liberating death camps was a pretty good thing. Americans were pretty confident about our moral role in the world in french essays, the aftermath of essay about my favorite relative World War II because it had been a very good one. The Cold War was conducted with a language of moral certainty – DIONNE: Can we go back and forth on this?

Because I think the very notion of containment, as opposed to rollback, was in fact full of Niebuhrian ambiguity. In other words, I think what’s important is that Niebuhr was unambiguous about the morality of the struggle. And it’s good, actually, that you brought up Lincoln, because Niebuhr, just so we get him on the record correctly, said that Lincoln’s brooding sense of charity was derived from immigrant essays a religious awareness of about another dimension of meaning than that of immediate political conflict. This combination – a moral resoluteness – about the immediate issues with a religious awareness of thinking and leadership another dimension of meaning and judgment must be regarded as almost a perfect model of the essay difficult but not impossible task of remaining loyal and responsible toward the moral treasures of a free civilization on the one hand, while yet having some religious vantage point over the struggle on the other. Niebuhr was at his high tide in the ’40s and hog farming essays, ’50s because he believed in the struggle against the Nazis, the liberation of death camps and anticommunism. Essay Relative. But he was not a jingoist. He did not believe America was automatically moral or always right. And the very idea that he was in favor of containment as opposed to making process essay, rollback says that we can behave in the world in a way that is responsible in confronting communism but does not carry all the risks that rollback would entail.

I think possibly – and we would probably both have to essay my favorite, look this up and what makes a good dissertation, then we could debate the text – I do think some of essay Kennedy’s rhetoric had some of that in it. The very notion of short about a long twilight struggle is quite different from what you say in the middle of a war – for example, what FDR would say in the middle of the essay my favorite war. Kennedy’s speech in favor of disarmament at American University in 1963, I think, has some Niebuhrian elements. And then Obama going to Europe and saying, we Americans have sometimes been arrogant, but you Europeans have engaged in short about, a kind of anti-Americanism that’s dangerous. That struck me – now, maybe I was looking for it – but that struck me as a very Niebuhrian sort of balance. Essay. I thought it was a good thing to say. Others didn’t think it was a good thing to say. But I thought that sounded like somebody who, whether he was influenced directly by Niebuhr or not, clearly was carrying that message. JOHN SINIFF, USA TODAY : Last night there were a few of us who were having a discussion about the essays office of faith-based initiatives, or whatever it has become under President Obama, and essay about, I realized that at development, the end we came to this unsatisfactory, very Niebuhrian conclusion as to what he’s trying to about, do to skrzynecki immigrant chronicle essays, with this office. About My Favorite Relative. And I wondered, E.J., if you see anything Niebuhrian in the re-casting of the office – because ultimately I think four or five of us at immigrant, the table couldn’t quite figure out relative what he’s trying to do.

Maybe that’s the purpose. You know, the worst thing is to kill it off, and the second-worst thing is what he’s doing in ethical making, letting it sit there and fester. DIONNE: As far as I can tell Niebuhr has no direct influence or indirect influence on Obama’s thinking on the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships. (Laughter.) God knows what Niebuhr would think of this, and he does, but we don’t know. (Laughter.) I think what Obama is trying to do is walk a line between not wanting to overturn it and thinking there is good work done here; and in fact, partnerships between government and faith-based groups pre-date President Bush. I think that it distorts the debate on both sides if liberals say, this is a Bush creation and we’re against it. Well, it wasn’t a Bush creation; he pushed it in certain directions, he did certain things, you know, and about my favorite relative, that can distort the conservative view as well. And I think Obama is trying to figure out, “How can I be true to peter chronicle, things I say or believe about church-state separation and religious liberty and still keep this thing going?” So I think they’re still struggling toward resolving that, and he’s clearly kicked down the road the hardest question, which is the religious hiring issue, and essay my favorite, he’s clearly tried to fudge that for a while, and my impression is that he’s going to essays, fudge it for about my favorite a while longer. I think he’s going to ethical decision making essay, have to confront it, but the shrewd thing I think he did – shrewd because I thought he did the right thing – was to relative, say we don’t want this whole effort to decision making, get blown up immediately in a debate over this hiring issue when we know there is quite a lot of about my favorite relative common ground on these partnerships. Bill Clinton had some of the first faith-based offices at short essays happiness, the Department of Housing and Urban Development and about my favorite relative, other parts of the administration. So what Obama’s doing is not that far out of peter skrzynecki immigrant essays line with what a number of my favorite relative Democrats have done, and french essays, certainly Clinton before him. And so I think they’re still figuring it out, is the short answer.

CROMARTIE: You have anything to essay my favorite relative, add to that, Bill? MCCLAY: I agree about the continuity with Clinton. You know, Charitable Choice came in during the Clinton administration, with welfare reform, with the idea that you can’t discriminate against a faith-based organization in awarding government contracts for the provision of social welfare. You can’t discriminate against them simply because of writing french their religious identity. My Favorite Relative. This goes to the point that Amy Sullivan, Fred Barnes and others have brought up, or maybe it was in our conversation on the side: that we live in a very different world. I mean, at one time in the past correctives seemed to peter chronicle, have been needed to protect the secular, to keep the religious realm from overwhelming the secular. Now, it seems to me both Democratic and my favorite, Republican administrations have seen the need to push back the other way, to some extent. Whether Obama will sustain that or not, I don’t know. But I agree with E.J.; this has lasted for a while, even if it hasn’t always been so effective. CROMARTIE: Well, on that note of heated agreement – (Laughter.) CROMARTIE: – raging moderation and heated agreement, you are allowed to continue these conversations, I promise you.

There will be another reception out there where we were last night, so bring all your copies of Niebuhr and we’ll continue the conversation. Join me in what makes a good proposal, thanking both these gentlemen for their time. This transcript has been edited for about clarity, accuracy, spelling and french essays, grammar. Religious Belief and essay about, National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe. Video: Israel's Religiously Divided Society. Where the Public Stands on Religious Liberty vs.

Nondiscrimination. American and Israeli Jews: Twin Portraits From Pew Research Center Surveys. Fact Tank 05/11/2016. Are you in the US middle class? Try our income calculator. Fact Tank 09/28/2017. Views about whether whites benefit from societal advantages split sharply along racial and partisan lines.

Fact Tank 05/11/2016. Are you in the US middle class? Try our income calculator. Internet Tech 11/11/2016. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping America and the world.

It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts.

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My life as Barney the Dinosaur: Actor who sang and danced in 70lb purple costume for essay about my favorite, 10 years during the height of the show's success reveals it was 120F inside the suit and he hadn't even wanted to audition for the role. By Ann Schmidt For Dailymail.com 14:24 BST 01 Oct 2017, updated 16:02 BST 01 Oct 2017. David Joyner, 54, played Barney the dinosaur for decision making essay, ten years from essay about my favorite relative, 1991 to 2001 He always wanted to be an entertainer, but he didn't want to audition for Barney because he had never played a costumed role and wanted to be seen He was eventually convinced by the casting director to audition and had a dream he would get the role A woman got the immigrant chronicle job at first, but she couldn't handle the pressure of a live performance and meet-and-greet in costume, so the role was given to David Despite how hard it was to about relative, dance and act inside the 70-pound suit, David loved it A Texas schoolteacher came up with the idea of Barney 30 years ago because she wanted to makes dissertation proposal, make an educational show for her son, who loved dinosaurs. The parking lot of the Texas mall was a sea of children fidgeting in folding chairs, strollers and about my favorite relative, their parents’ laps, craning to see the hog farming six-foot tall purple dinosaur as he ran onto essay about my favorite relative the stage. Despite the bulky suit, Barney jumped into the air, waving his short, T-rex arms and spinning to the delighted screams of the children. Essays? Little did they know that Barney had been in their midst only essay hours before on that November day in 2000. David Joyner, who wore the Barney suit for development, ten years on the beloved children’s television show and my favorite, during live tours, decided to arrive at his own performance early at the Colin Creek Mall in Plano, Texas, to sit among and chat with the parents and eager children - just not in the suit. David, now 54, always knew he wanted to be an entertainer; he just didn’t necessarily expect he would be performing from inside a giant purple dinosaur suit. He wore the 70-pound costume from 1991 to french essays, 2001, during the essay about my favorite most successful years of the skrzynecki chronicle children’s television show, which premiered on television 25 years ago in April.

‘At first, you know, I had a hard time dealing with it. Barney’s getting all this popularity and no one knows it’s me,’ he tells DailyMail.com. Essay My Favorite? ‘After a while, it was almost like God sat me down and said “I’m going to use all your talents to help bring love and joy to children”. ‘Once I kind of received that message and once I knew what Barney was doing and the effect that Barney was causing to essays, so many different children and parents, then it became an essay, honor and then it became like, okay, this is a blessing, this is a joy. Making Process? And I want to make this the best thing that I’m possibly doing at this moment and to have fun doing it.’ Texas schoolteacher Sheryl Leach came up with the idea for Barney 30 years ago because she wanted to create an my favorite relative, education television show for her son, who loved dinosaurs. Scroll down for video. Being Barney was no small task. Skrzynecki Immigrant Chronicle? While Bob West voiced the character, David was inside the cumbersome suit, walking around on set or stage during live performances, doing choreographed dance moves and picking up props.

He even moved the about relative eyes and the mouth, which was controlled by a bar attached to Barney’s bottom jaw that David had wrapped a sponge around and would bite and nod his head in essays, order to move it. Temperatures inside the suit could reach up to 120 degrees, according to about relative, David. And even though he had limited visibility through Barney’s mouth, whenever the mouth was closed he couldn't see at all. Writing French Essays? To help him with that, David would practice as if he was blind and essay about relative, would 'try to feel the energy' of the people and set around him. 'Inside I'm nodding up and hog farming essays, down, it's hot, I'm sweating, but I've got props and then on top of that, the voice is talking so I have to make sure my nod and relative, my mannerisms are going with the voice,' he says. 'And on top of that there's kids, there's lighting. Writing French? You can't shadow their light.

'There's also set design. There's props on the set. Essay About My Favorite Relative? So you can't be walking through the set destroying things. and of course Barney’s head doesn’t turn because it’s all once piece so you have to portray emotion coming from this character as you’re talking and then also wanting to show different gestures and mannerisms that’s not gonna take the character out of character, because Barney still has certain nuances.' Despite the essays difficulties of the essay about my favorite character, David took it all in stride, his cheery personality helping him coordinate. ‘On the inside, it almost to me seemed like I was playing the drums… But the key of it all was having fun because if it wasn’t for the fact that you’re having so much fun and so much joy then it could have been a cumbersome situation.' David initially hadn’t wanted to even audition for critical and leadership development, the role of Barney. Though he had always loved entertaining people, he had never performed in costume before and wasn’t sure he wanted to essay my favorite relative, be covered up while he was acting. ‘Of course as an short essays about happiness, actor you want to essay about my favorite, be seen,’ David says. ‘[But] one of the cliches they say as an actor, you know, if you’re not comfortable, then that’s the role you want. About Happiness? And of course, I wasn’t comfortable. Essay About Relative? I was like, I don’t know if I can do this.

I don’t know if I can pull this off. But then it became the role you want, because you want something that’s going to challenge you.’ As the ethical decision making process fifth of essay, six children growing up in Decatur, Illinois, David loved being in short essays about happiness, the spotlight. He would entertain his siblings by lip syncing to what was happening on the television from about my favorite relative, a young age and as he got older, he was given the nickname of ‘Preacher’ by his classmates and friends because of the advice he would give and his ability to read into situations even if they weren’t explained to him. ‘I grew up Christian, in the Methodist faith, but on peter essays my father’s side there’s a lot of Native American background. My grandmother, who was very clairvoyant, she could see things before they would happen,’ he says. ‘So even with the Christian upbringing, my family is also very spiritual.’ Even in school, David was always in front of people, on the public speaking team, giving speeches and essay, MCing events and school assemblies.

He says he gave his first sermon at ethical making, the age of 16 and he was elected to do the benediction for about relative, his high school graduation. Instead of going to a four-year school or even going straight into entertainment, David decided to what makes dissertation proposal, attend ITT Technical Institute in my favorite, Indianapolis, Indiana, for his Associate’s Degree in electronic engineering technology, with the intention of working for five years before following his dream of performing. But even as he was pursuing his degree, David still modeled and performed, singing, dancing and even doing comedy, which he continued to do when he moved to Dallas, Texas, in 1984 for a job with Texas Instruments as a software analyst. When he wasn’t working, he did several routines including Michael Jackson, Prince, Fred Astaire and MC Hammer in critical, private clubs and restaurants and he quickly gained a following. He ended up working at Texas Instruments for six years before he finally felt ready to leave. It was April 1990 when he found out that there would be layoffs, including in his department, so he asked for a severance package so someone else could stay, since he was planning to essay, leave. Making? After his manager said no, he sat down, meditated and decided he would leave at the end of September that year. A month after he made that decision, David decided to start taking acting classes and doing improv comedy on essay my favorite weekends because ‘even though I was making money dancing, modeling, performing, I was still not doing what I wanted to do as far as an actor'. As it turns out, the essays about wife of the man who ran David’s acting workshops ran an acting school for children. About My Favorite Relative? When they needed a substitute acting teacher to help prepare four- through six-year-olds for essays, a workshop with casting directors and agents from Los Angeles, David agreed to step in. Using techniques he had learned while he was a live mannequin early in his performance career, he led the children through warm ups that helped them focus and essay about my favorite relative, not fidget.

His teaching impressed a local casting director, Shirley Abrams, who asked for his headshot and resume. ‘Little did I know, she was the casting director for Barney,’ he says. One week after he put in thinking, his two weeks’ notice in at Texas Instruments, Shirley Abrams sent him a request to audition for Barney. Though David initially turned it down, Abrams told him she wouldn’t take no for essay my favorite, an answer and he eventually agreed to audition. At the writing french time, Barney the show consisted of essay relative, only on a few home videos, which Abrams sent to David to help him prepare for his audition.

As he watched the tapes the night before, he kept falling asleep on his couch. When he finally went to what a good proposal, bed, he still wasn’t sure what he was going to do the next day. However, because of the clairvoyance that he believes runs in his family, he says he has dreams that are like messages when he’s trying to figure something - out and that night was no exception. ‘I had a dream that night and in the dream, Barney passes out… [and] I have to about, give Barney mouth to mouth resuscitation to revive him,’ David says. But the next morning, he couldn’t figure out what the decision dream meant. On his way to the audition and in the parking lot of the studio he saw two billboards for Southwest Airlines that said: ‘Breathe life into your vacation’, but it didn’t click until he was walking inside. ‘It hits me as if the about relative light just came on,’ he says. ‘Barney was dead. That’s why I couldn’t watch his videos. Critical Thinking? Barney is dead, I have to essay about my favorite relative, breathe life into Barney.

And if I do that, I’m going on vacation!’ And he certainly brought in the energy Barney had lacked. The actors who were auditioning were supposed to ethical decision making, wear a Halloween mask and dance to one of Barney’s songs, Mr Knickerbocker. My Favorite Relative? Though he introduced himself calmly, the moment the music came on David went wild. ‘My energy went from about five to 55 and skrzynecki, they literally just kind of sat back in their chairs like this wind had blown them away… I’m sure they were sitting there going, what the heck was that?’ he laughs. Despite their shock, they brought David in for more rounds of auditions and essay, he made it almost to the end, but the role ended up going to someone else at french, first. ‘They gave the essay role to skrzynecki immigrant chronicle, a young lady and then they asked me if I would be backup and I said sure. But I pretty much knew I had the role because it had already been spoken into essay relative my spirit,’ he says.

He was right. Before the television show started, Barney had several live performances. When the woman did her first appearance, she couldn’t handle it. She needed to get out of the costume during a meet and greet with the children and she never came back. ‘A lot of different things took place that she wasn’t comfortable with and ethical making essay, couldn’t handle,’ David says. ‘So after that they gave me a call and asked if I would consider being Barney.’ When he was first turned down for the role, David realized that it was probably because he brought more energy than the producers were used to, so he decided when he was asked back to take the about my favorite relative role, he would tone down the character.

But when he attended his first live performance and heard the dissertation proposal cheers of essay about my favorite relative, children while he was still behind the curtain, he couldn’t contain himself once the music started. ‘My adrenaline is taking over now, I come leaping out of this thing, jumping up and down on the stage, going from side doing bell kicks, the other side doing bell kicks waving and I’m having a blast,’ he says. That was just the beginning for the energetic purple dinosaur. And Leadership Development? David continued to bring that energy over the next ten years as he played the part and he worked hard to make sure he was prepared and my favorite, fit to essays, be Barney. ‘Number one, I had to make sure my body, mind and spirit was in top physical condition,’ he says. ‘I wanted to essay my favorite, make sure that while I was inside, I wanted to be as happy as possible because I also understood, kids pick up on energy and kids are more spiritually connected than adults are, but they just aren’t aware of it intellectually and so I knew that I had to radiate loving happy energy at peter skrzynecki immigrant chronicle, all times. ‘One of the things that I learned to always do, too, is I would pray before I get in about relative, costume. And I would ask God to allow his loving divine spirit to short essays about happiness, flow through me, through the costume, and let that draw the children in.’

At one point, David even had to get surgery on his wrist because he kept signing so many autographs for children. 'At first, I'm doing the cortisone shots and the doctor was like, You know you could stop signing autographs. I'm like, I can't do that!,' David says, laughing. 'So then I finally had the essay about my favorite surgery and it was finally taken care of after that.' But after ten years, David was ready for a change. The show was getting ready to take a year-long hiatus, and ‘as an actor and a performer, you always want to go to the next level’. ‘After ten years, after prayer and meditating on it, I felt it’s time to move on. It’s time to move to Los Angeles to go to do other acting and ethical making, if not, then I’ll probably still be stuck in the costume,’ he says. At first, when he moved to about relative, LA, David offered to help out with Barney if they ever needed help, though once he joined the Screen Actors Guild, he could no longer play the role of Barney on television since it was a non-union job. He also kept the fact that he had played Barney for ten years a secret.

‘At first I was asked not to put Barney on development my resume,’ he says and because he wanted to be taken seriously as an actor, he didn’t. However, as he continues to audition for my favorite relative, different television roles, he talks about what makes a good dissertation proposal his time as Barney frequently, especially relishing the small moments, such as when he was able to sit with the audience members before his live appearance in Texas in 2000. ‘That little technique changed a whole lot of things for essay about relative, me as a performer,’ he says. Short Essays? ‘It took me to even a higher level as a person because knowing I’m a very spiritual person, one of the things that I’ve always tried to do is not just connect with people, but connect with your spirit, connect with your energy, connect with who you are. 'Not this shell that makes you up, but who you truly are… Because when you connect with someone on a spiritual level, it takes you to essay about my favorite, a whole different level of appreciation for skrzynecki, that person.’ Since Barney, David has had roles on about numerous television shows including Veep, Shameless, 24, and That 70’s Show. He also did another children’s costumed character called Hip Hop Harry, which was on Discovery Kids from 2006 until 2010. The show still produces YouTube videos in multiple languages and the character appears on children’s apps. But even though he has moved on in his career, David is still thankful for his time as Barney. ‘One of the ethical essay greatest things that I can say I’ve taken away from it is the fact that I love people. Because I had to interact with so many different people, so many different nationalities, economic backgrounds, but yet still try to connect with them on a spiritual level and essay my favorite relative, connect with them on a higher frequency, so to speak.

That even to this day, I just love people. I love being kind, I love being nice. ‘It’s just so great to critical thinking, know that when you put your head down on your pillow at my favorite, night that you’re making a difference. You’re not out making essay here trying to my favorite relative, harm people or take advantage of hog farming essays, people or be deceptive toward people, but you’re really enjoying life, having fun, really being kind and considerate in my favorite relative, the things that you do. He adds: ‘Of course, I’m human, there are some things that come at you constantly that you have to look at and go, oh man, why, why, why, but I always look at it as, okay, there’s a lesson here.

There’s something that I’m supposed to learn here. Essays? And then move forward to that. And a lot of essay about my favorite, that has come from just interacting with people, from essays, being Barney and essay about relative, taking on french that ambassador role.'

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My Favorite relative is my Mom by Viviana Morales on Prezi

Aftermath: Sixteen Writers on Trump’s America. Essay About Relative. Jump to a section: Four decades ago, Watergate revealed the potential of the modern Presidency for what makes dissertation, abuse of power on a vast scale. Essay About My Favorite. It also showed that a strong democracy can overcome even the worst illness ravaging its body. When Richard Nixon used the instruments of government to destroy political opponents, hide financial misdoings, and deceive the public about the and leadership development Vietnam War, he very nearly got away with it. What stopped his crime spree was democratic institutions: the press, which pursued the story from the about original break-in all the way to short about the Oval Office; the courts, which exposed the extent of criminality and later ruled impartially against about my favorite relative, Nixon’s claims of executive privilege; and Congress, which held revelatory hearings, and whose House Judiciary Committee voted on a bipartisan basis to impeach the President. In crucial agencies of Nixon’s own Administration, including the french F.B.I. (whose deputy director, Mark Felt, turned out to be Deep Throat, the Washington Post’s key source), officials fought the infection from inside. None of these institutions could have functioned without the vitalizing power of public opinion. Within months of reelecting Nixon by the largest margin in history, Americans began to gather around the consensus that their President was a crook who had to go.

President Donald Trump should be given every chance to essay relative break his campaign promise to govern as an what makes autocrat. But, until now, no one had ever won the office by pledging to ignore the rule of law and to jail his opponent. Trump has the temperament of a leader who doesn’t distinguish between his private desires and demons and the public interest. If he’s true to his word, he’ll ignore the Constitution, by imposing a religious test on immigrants and citizens alike. He’ll go after his critics in my favorite relative the press, with or without the benefit of libel law. He’ll force those below him in the chain of command to violate the code of military justice, by torturing terrorist suspects and critical and leadership killing their next of kin. He’ll turn federal prosecutors, agents, even judges if he can, into personal tools of grievance and revenge. All the pieces are in place for the abuse of power, and about relative it could happen quickly. There will be precious few checks on President Trump. Hog Farming Essays. His party, unlike Nixon’s, will control the legislative as well as the executive branch, along with two-thirds of essay about my favorite relative governorships and statehouses. Trump’s advisers, such as Newt Gingrich, are already vowing to go after the makes a good proposal federal employees’ union, and breaking it would give the President sweeping power to bend the bureaucracy to essay about his will and whim.

The Supreme Court will soon have a conservative majority. Although some federal courts will block flagrant violations of constitutional rights, Congress could try to critical thinking impeach the most independent-minded judges, and Trump could replace them with loyalists. But, beyond these partisan advantages, something deeper is working in Trump’s favor, something that he shrewdly read and exploited during the campaign. The democratic institutions that held Nixon to account have lost their strength since the nineteen-seventies—eroded from within by poor leaders and loss of about my favorite relative nerve, undermined from without by popular distrust. Bipartisan congressional action on behalf of the french essays public good sounds as quaint as antenna TV. The press is reviled, financially desperate, and undergoing a crisis of faith about the very efficacy of essay about relative gathering facts. And public opinion?

Strictly speaking, it no longer exists. “All right we are two nations,” John Dos Passos wrote, in critical thinking and leadership his “U.S.A.” trilogy. Among the institutions in essay decline are the political parties. This, too, was both intuited and accelerated by Trump. In succession, he crushed two party establishments and ended two dynasties. The Democratic Party claims half the country, but it’s hollowed out at the core. Hillary Clinton became the sixth Democratic Presidential candidate in the past seven elections to win the popular vote; yet during Barack Obama’s Presidency the Party lost both houses of Congress, fourteen governorships, and immigrant chronicle thirty state legislatures, comprising more than nine hundred seats. Essay Relative. The Party’s leaders are all past the official retirement age, other than Obama, who has governed as the charismatic and enlightened head of an decision making process atrophying body. Did Democrats even notice? More than Republicans, they tend to turn out only when they’re inspired.

The Party has allowed personality and demography to take the place of political organizing. The immediate obstacle in Trump’s way will be New York’s Charles Schumer and his minority caucus of forty-eight senators. During Obama’s Presidency, Republican senators exploited ancient rules in order to about relative put up massive resistance. Filibusters and holds became routine ways of critical thinking taking budgets hostage and blocking appointments. Democratic senators can slow, though not stop, pieces of the my favorite Republican agenda if they find the nerve to behave like their nihilistic opponents, further damaging the making essay institution for short-term gain. Essay About My Favorite. It would be ugly, but the alternative seems like a sucker’s game. Ethical Essay. In the long run, the Democratic Party faces two choices. It can continue to collapse until it’s transformed into something new, like the nineteenth-century Whigs, forerunners of the Republican Party.

Or it can rebuild itself from the ground up. Not every four years but continuously; not with celebrity endorsements but on school boards and town councils; not by my favorite relative, creating more virtual echo chambers but by learning again how to talk and decision process listen to other Americans, especially those who elected Trump because they felt ignored and left behind. President Trump is about relative almost certain to betray them. The country will need an opposition capable of pointing that out. How dependent are our fundamental values—values such as decency, reason, and essays compassion—on the essay my favorite relative fellow we’ve elected President? Maybe less than we imagine. To be sure, the country voted for a leader who lives by the opposite code—it will be a long and dark winter—but the signs are that voters were not rejecting these values. They were rejecting elites, out of fear and fury that, when it came to them, these values had been abandoned. Nearly seventy per cent of working-age Americans lack a bachelor’s degree. Many of them saw an establishment of skrzynecki essays politicians, professors, and corporations that has failed to offer, or even to seem very interested in, a vision of the modern world that provides them with a meaningful place of respect and worth. I grew up in Ohio, in a small town in the poorest county in the state, and talked after the election to Jim Young, a longtime family friend there.

He’d spent thirty-five years at a local animal-feed manufacturer, working his way up from a feed bagger to a truck driver and, in his fifties, a manager, making thirteen dollars an hour. Along the way, the company was sold to ever-larger corporations, until an executive told him that the company was letting the older staff go (along with their health-care and pension costs). Jim found odd jobs to essay my favorite keep him going until he could claim his Social Security benefits. In the end, Jim said, he didn’t vote. Last year, his son, who was born with spina bifida, died, at the age of critical thinking and leadership thirty-three, after his case was mismanaged in the local emergency room. My Favorite Relative. Jim has a daughter in her forties, who works at Walmart and still lives at home, and ethical process another daughter trying to raise three kids on her husband’s income as a maintenance man at a local foundry and her work at an insurance company. Jim lives in a world that doesn’t seem to essay about my favorite relative care whether he and critical thinking and leadership development his family make it or not. And he couldn’t see what Hillary Clinton, Donald Trump, or any other politician had to essay about relative offer that would change that. But he still believes in our American ideals, and his worry, like mine, is that those now in national power will further betray them. Repealing Obamacare, which has provided coverage to twenty-two million people, including Jim’s family members; cutting safety-net programs; downgrading hard-won advances in civil liberties and civil rights—these things will make the lives of those left out only meaner and harder. To a large extent, though, institutions closer to home are what secure and writing french sustain our values.

This is the time to strengthen those institutions, to better include the seventy per cent who have been forsaken. Our institutions of fair-minded journalism, of science and essay my favorite relative scholarship, and of the arts matter more now than ever. In municipalities and state governments, people are eager to work on the hard problems—whether it’s making sure that people don’t lose their home if they get sick, or that wages are lifted, or that the reality of climate change is addressed. Years before Obamacare, Massachusetts passed a health-reform law that covers ninety-seven per cent of its residents, and what leaders of essay about my favorite relative both parties have affirmed that they will work to essays maintain those policies regardless of what a Trump Administration does. Other states will follow this kind of example. Then, there are the institutions even closer to essay our daily lives. Our hospitals and process essay schools didn’t suddenly have Reaganite values in the eighties, or Clintonian ones in the nineties.

They have evolved their own ethics, in keeping with American ideals. That’s why we physicians have resisted suggestions that we refuse to treat undocumented immigrants who come into essay about my favorite relative, the E.R., say, or that we not talk to peter skrzynecki immigrant chronicle essays parents about the safety of guns in the home. The helping professions will stand by their norms. The same goes for the typical workplace. Lord knows, there are disastrous, exploitative employers, but Trump, with his behavior toward women and about my favorite others, would be an H.R. nightmare; in most offices, he wouldn’t last a month as an employee. For many Americans, the workplace has helped narrow the gap between our professed values and our everyday actions. French Essays. “Stronger together” could probably have been the essay about my favorite relative slogan of your last work retreat. It’s how we succeed. As the new Administration turns to governing, the mismatch between its proffered solutions and our aspirations and making process ideals must be made apparent. Take health care. About. Eliminating Obamacare isn’t going to stop the unnerving rise in families’ health-care costs; it will worsen it.

There are only two ways to assure people that if they get cancer or diabetes (or pregnant) they can afford the french care they need: a single-payer system or a heavily regulated private one, with the kind of mandates, exchanges, and subsidies that Obama signed into law. The governor of Kentucky, Matt Bevin, was elected last year on a promise to my favorite dismantle Obamacare—only to stall when he found out that doing so would harm many of those who elected him. Short Essays About Happiness. Republicans have talked of creating high-risk insurance pools and loosening state regulations, but neither tactic would do much to my favorite relative help the chronicle essays people who have been left out, like Jim Young’s family. If the G.O.P. sticks to its “repeal and about replace” pledge, it will probably end Obama’s exchanges and subsidies, and embrace large Medicaid grants to the states—laying the groundwork, ironically, for single-payer government coverage. Yes, those with bad or erratic judgment will make bad or erratic choices.

But it’s through the essays smaller-scale institutions of our daily lives that we can most effectively check the consequences of essay about my favorite such choices. The test is whether the gap between what we preach and ethical decision what we practice shrinks or expands for the nation as a whole. Our job will be to hold those in power to account for that result, including the future of the about relative seventy per essays about happiness cent—the left out and the left behind. Decency, reason, and compassion require no less. The day before Election Day, the weather in New York was more like May than November. In hot sun, gloved ice-skaters, obedient to the calendar, meandered across the rink in Bryant Park, which showed itself ready for winter with displays of snowflakes and essay my favorite relative stars. It was a great afternoon to be an alien, ticket in your pocket, checked in already at thinking and leadership development J.F.K., and essay leaving the critical thinking and leadership country before it could elect Donald Trump.

Breakfast television had begged viewers to essay about relative call the number onscreen to critical thinking and leadership vote on about relative whether Mrs. Clinton should be prosecuted as a criminal. Press 1 for yes, 2 for no. “Should Hillary get special treatment?” the voice-over asked. There was no option for jailing Trump. Essays. “I’m sorry, sir, but you needed to order the kosher meal when you were abducted.” During his campaign, Trump threatened unspecified punishments for women who tried to my favorite relative abort a child. We watched him, in the second debate, prowling behind his opponent, back and forth with lowered head, belligerent and hog farming essays looming, while she moved within her legitimate space, returning to her lectern after each response: tightly smiling, trying to relative be reasonable, trying to be impervious. Decision Making Essay. It was an indecent mimicry of essay about relative what has happened at some point to almost every woman. She becomes aware of something brutal hovering, on the periphery of her vision: if she is alone in the street, what should she do? I willed Mrs. Clinton to turn and give a name to what we could all see.

I willed Mrs. Clinton to peter skrzynecki essays raise an arm like a goddess, and point to the place her rival came from, and send him back there, into his own space, like a whimpering dog. Not everything, of course, is apparent to the eye. About. The psyche has its hidden life and so do the streets. Midtown, the subway gratings puff out immigrant, their hot breath, testament to a busy subterranean life; but you could not guess that millions of books are housed under Bryant Park, and that beneath the ground runs a system of my favorite relative train tracks, like toys for short essays, a studious giant. Activated by a scholar’s desire or whim, the volumes career on rails, in red wagons, toward the readers of the essay about relative New York Public Library.

Ignorant pedestrians jink and swerve, while below them the earth stirs. We are oblivious of information until we are ready for short about, it. One day, we feel a resonance, from the soles of the feet to the cranium. Without mediation, without apology, we read ourselves, and know what we know. There are some women who, the moment they have conceived a child, are aware of it—just as you sense if you’re being watched or followed. I have never had a child, but once in my life, a long time back and for a single day, I thought I was pregnant. I was twenty-three years old, three years a wife. I had no plans at essay about relative that stage for a child. But my predictable cycle had gone askew, and one morning I felt as if some activity had commenced behind my ribs. It wasn’t breathing, or digestion, or the thudding of my heart. And Leadership Development. I lived in the North of England then.

My husband was a teacher, and it must have been half-term holiday, because we went into the city to meet a friend and spend the afternoon with his parents, who were visiting from rural Cornwall. They wondered why so many grand buildings were painted black, why even gravestones appeared to be streaked and smeared. That, we explained, was not paint—it was two centuries of working grime. My Favorite Relative. They were startled, mortified by their ignorance. To them, heavy industry was something archaic, which you saw in a book.

They didn’t know that its residue fluffed the skrzynecki immigrant essays lungs like Satan’s pillows, that it thickened walls and souped the air. At lunchtime with my party of about my favorite friends, I could not eat, or stay still, or find any way to hog farming be comfortable. I felt weak and light-headed. Heat swept over me, then chill. My Favorite Relative. On our way home in hog farming early evening, we called on my mother-in-law, who was a nurse. I wonder if you might be expecting? she said. In the kitchen, my husband put his arms around me. We didn’t officially want a baby, but I saw that, at least for this moment, we did. None of us knew the next step.

Were the about relative drugstore tests reliable? Would it be better to go straight to the doctor? My mother-in-law said, I don’t know what the right way is, but I’ll find out first thing, as soon as I get into work. Peter Skrzynecki Chronicle. But by the time I left her house the relative space of what dissertation possibility that had opened inside me was filling with pain. Soon I was shaking. As the relative evening wore on, the pain expanded to fill every cavity in hog farming my body. About My Favorite Relative. Even my bones felt hollow, as if something were growing inside and pushing them out. Peter Immigrant. In the small hours, I began to about bleed. The episode was over.

No test would ever be needed. I never had that particular set of feelings again, that distinctive physiological derangement. But women are full of potential. Peter Essays. Thwart them one way and they will find another. What never left me was the feeling that something was knocking inside my chest, asking to essay my favorite relative be let out.

A sensory error, I presumed. Only recently did I have the thought that it might have been a real pregnancy—an unviable, ectopic conception. Such a mistake of what makes proposal nature can result in a surgical emergency, even sudden death. It is possible I had a lucky escape, from a peril that was barely there. A few days after this thought occurred, I had, not a dream, but a shadowy waking vision. It seemed to essay about relative me that a bubble floated some three feet from development my body, attached to essay about my favorite me by an almost invisible thread. In the essays bubble was a tiny child, which asked my forgiveness. In its semi-life, lived for a single day, it had caused nothing, known nothing, created nothing other than pain; so it wanted me to about relative pardon it, before it could drift away.

I do not cede the child any reality. Nor do I think it was an illusion. I recognize it as some species of truth, light as metaphor. It had not occurred to me that there was anything to forgive—that anything was ensouled that could grieve, that could endure through the years. But there was a hairline connection to that day in my early life, and at and leadership last I could cut the tie and it could sail free. It was imagination, no doubt. Imagination is not to essay about my favorite relative be scorned. Fragile, fallible, it goes on ethical decision making process working in the world. Since I cut that thread, I have been more sure than ever that it is wrong to my favorite relative come between a woman and a child that may or may not elect to peter skrzynecki immigrant chronicle be born. Campaigners talk about “a woman’s right to choose,” as if she were picking a sweet from a box or a plum from a tree.

It’s not that sort of choice. It’s often made for us. Something unrealized gives the slip to existence, before time can take a grip on my favorite it. What A Good Dissertation. Something we hoped for about relative, everts itself, turns back into the body, or disperses into the air. But, whatever happens, it happens in a private space. Let the woman choose, if the choice is hers. The state should not stalk her. The priest should seal his lips. The law should not interfere.

That whole week leading up to and leadership the election, it was warm enough to essay bask on garden chairs. The market at Grand Central displayed American plenitude: transparent caskets of essays about happiness juicy berries, plump with a dusky purple bloom; pyramids of sushi; sheets of aged steak, lolling in its blood. By the flitting light of the concourse, I checked out the about relative destination boards of another life I could have lived. Ethical Decision Essay. Twenty years ago, my husband worked for essay, I.B.M. It was projected that we would move to its offices in White Plains. For a week or two, we imagined it, and then the plan disintegrated.

In that life, I would have taken the train and arrived amid Grand Central’s sedate splendors, and walked about in my Manhattan shoes. Did the book stacks exist then? Surely I would have had foreknowledge, and writing essays felt the books stirring beneath Forty-second Street, down where the worms turn. As the my favorite polls were closing, I was somewhere over the Atlantic. Ethical Process Essay. As we flew into the light, one of the my favorite relative air crew came with coffee and a bulletin, with a fallen face and news that shocked the rows around. They don’t think, she said, that Hillary can catch him now.

I took off my watch to adjust it, unsure how many centuries to set it back. What would Donald Trump offer now? Salem witch trials? Public hangings? The lass who had prepared us for thinking, the news was gathering the blankets from the night’s vigil. Crinkling her brow, she said, “What I don’t comprehend is, who voted for him?” No one we know—that’s the trouble. For decades, the nice and about my favorite relative the good have been talking to hog farming essays each other, chitchat in every forum going, ignoring what stews beneath: envy, anger, lust. Essay. On both sides of the ocean, the bien-pensants put their fingers in their ears and smiled and bowed at one another, like nodding dogs or painted puppets. They thought we had outgrown the deadly sins.

They thought we were rational sophisticates who could defer gratification. They thought they had a majority, and they screened out the roaring from the cages outside their gates, or, if they heard it, they thought they could silence it with, as it may be, a little quantitative easing, a package of special measures. Primal dreads have gone unacknowledged. It is not only the crude blustering of the what makes dissertation Trump campaign that has poisoned public discourse but the liberals’ indulgence of the marginal and essay my favorite relative the whimsical, the habit of letting lies pass, of ignoring the what a good dissertation living truth in about relative favor of short about happiness grovelling and meaningless apologies to the dead. So much has become unsayable, as if by not speaking of our grosser aspects we abolish them. Essay Relative. It is a failure of the imagination. In this election as in any other, no candidate was shining white; politics is peter immigrant essays not a pursuit for angels. About. Yet it doesn’t seem much to ask—a world where a woman can live without jumping at shadows, without the crawling apprehension of something nasty constellating over her shoulder.

Mr. Trump has promised a world where white men and rich men run the writing french essays world their way, greed fuelled by essay about relative, undaunted ignorance. He must make good on his promises, for short about, his supporters will soon be hungry. He, the ambulant id, must nurse his own offspring, and feel their teeth. At Dublin airport by breakfast time, the sour jokes were flying over the plastic chairs: there’ll be plenty of work for Irishmen now—if you want a wall built, the Paddies have not lost the essay about skills. I wanted to see a woman lead the great nation, so my own spine could be straighter this blustery sunny morning. Writing. I fear the essay about relative ship of state is sinking, and we are thrashing in saltwater, snared in writing french essays our own ropes and nets. Someone must strike out for relative, the surface and writing french essays clear air.

It is possible to cut free from some entanglements, some error and painful beginnings, whether you are a soul or a whole nation. The weekend before the election, we were in my favorite relative rural Ohio. The moon was a tender crescent, the nights frosty, and the dawns glowed with the crimson and violet of the short essays happiness fall. On Sunday morning, in a cloudless sky, a bird was drifting on the currents, circling. Essay About My Favorite. My husband said, “You know they have eagles in this part of the hog farming essays country?” We watched in silence as it cruised high above. “I don’t know if it is an eagle,” he said at last. “But I know that bird is bigger than you think.” The day after Donald Trump’s victory, Susan Watson and Gail Jossi celebrated with glasses of red wine at the True Grit Cafe, in Ridgway, Colorado. Watson, the essay about relative chair of the ethical decision essay Ouray County Republican Central Committee, is a self-described “child of the sixties,” a retired travel agent, and a former supporter of the Democratic Party. About My Favorite Relative. Forty years ago, she voted for Jimmy Carter. Jossi also had a previous incarnation as a Democrat. In 1960, she volunteered for short happiness, John F. Kennedy’s Presidential campaign. “I walked for Kennedy,” she said. “And then I walked for Goldwater.” These days, she’s a retired rancher, and until recently she was a prominent official of the Republican Party in Ouray County. Essay My Favorite Relative. “This is the first time in ethical decision making essay forty years that I haven’t been a precinct captain,” she said. “I’m fed up with the Republican Party.” Initially, neither of the women had backed Trump. About My Favorite Relative. “I just didn’t care for him,” Jossi said. Peter Immigrant. “I loved Dr.

Carson.” “I was a Scott Walker,” Watson said. “I thought a ticket with Walker and Fiorina would have been great.” Of Trump, she said, “He grew on essay about my favorite me. Critical Thinking Development. He seemed to be getting more in tune with the people. The more these thousands and thousands of people showed up, the more he realized that this is real. About Relative. This is not reality TV.” Jossi didn’t begin to support Trump until September. “I couldn’t listen to his speeches,” she said. “His repetition. He’s not a politician. My mother and my husband have been big Trump supporters from the beginning, but I wasn’t.” Over time, though, the candidate’s rawness appealed to makes proposal her, because she believed that he could shake up Washington. “After they’ve been in relative office, they become too slick,” she said. “I liked that unscripted aspect.” Ouray is a rural county in southwestern Colorado, a state whose politics have become increasingly complex. On election maps, Colorado looks simple—a four-cornered flyover, perfectly squared off. But the state is composed of many elements: a long history of ranching and mining; a sudden influx of young, outdoors-oriented residents; a total population that is short happiness more than a fifth Hispanic. On Tuesday, Coloradans favored Hillary Clinton by about my favorite, a narrow majority, and they endorsed an amendment that will raise the minimum wage by short about, more than forty per cent. They also chose to reject an amendment, promoted by Democratic legislators, that would have removed a provision in the state constitution that allows for slavery and the involuntary servitude of my favorite prisoners. Writing. If this seems contradictory—raising the minimum wage while protecting the possibility of essay slavery—it should be noted that the vote was even closer than Clinton versus Trump.

In an ethical decision making process exceedingly tight race, slavery won 50.6 per cent of the popular vote. My Favorite. “The slavery thing was ridiculous,” Watson said. “If it changes the constitution, then I vote no,” Jossi said. “This is something that they do to get people to french go out and vote,” Watson said. “That’s what they did with marijuana.” “I voted for essay about my favorite, medical,” Jossi said. “Not recreational.” “Not recreational,” Watson agreed. “This is dissertation probably how they keep getting in.” Full disclosure: recreational. But during this election, while standing in a voting booth in the Ouray County Courthouse, at an elevation of about seven thousand seven hundred and ninety-two feet, I experienced a sensation of hog farming essays vertigo that may have been shared by 50.6 per cent of my fellow-Coloradans. On a ballot full of my favorite relative odd and confusing measures, I couldn’t untangle the language of Amendment T: “Shall there be an amendment to the Colorado constitution concerning the removal of the exception to the prohibition of slavery and involuntary servitude when used as punishment for persons duly convicted of a crime?” Does yes mean yes, or does yes mean no? The election of 2016 disturbs me in many ways, and essays one of them is that I honestly cannot remember whether I voted for or against slavery. This election has given me a renewed appreciation for chaos, confusion, and the limitlessly internal world of the individual. About My Favorite. Most analysis will shuffle voters into essays, neat demographic groups, each of them with four corners, perfectly squared off. Essay My Favorite Relative. But there’s something static about these categories—female, rural, white—whereas a conversation with people like Watson and Jossi reveals just how much a person’s ideas can change during the course of decades or even weeks.

For an unstable electorate, Trump was the making process perfect candidate, because he was also a moving target. It was possible for supporters to fixate on any specific message or characteristic while ignoring everything else. At rallies, when people chanted, “Build a wall!” and “Lock her up!,” these statements impressed me as real, tangible courses of action, endorsed by a faceless mob. But when I spoke with individual supporters the dynamic changed: the person had a face, while the proposed action seemed vague and symbolic. “I think that was a metaphor,” Jossi said, when I asked about the border wall. “It’s a metaphor for immigration laws being enforced,” Watson said. Neither of the women, like most other Trump supporters I met, had any interest in essay my favorite the construction of an makes a good dissertation actual wall. I asked them about Clinton’s e-mail scandal. “I think she’ll be pardoned,” Watson said. “I’m done with hearing about my favorite it,” Jossi said with a shrug. “I just want her gone.” Trump’s descriptions and treatment of writing french women didn’t seem to bother them. “I’m a strong enough woman,” Watson said.

I often heard similar comments from female Trump supporters—in their eyes, it was a show of strength to essay about ignore the critical thinking candidate’s crudeness and transgressions, because only the weak would react with outrage. It was hard to imagine a President entering office with less accountability. For supporters, this was central to his appeal—he owed nothing to the establishment. But he also owed nothing to the people who had voted for him. Supporters cherry-picked specific statements or qualities that appealed to them, but they didn’t attempt an assessment of the whole, because, given Trump’s lack of discipline, this was impossible. Does yes mean yes, or does yes mean no? “Was Donald the right guy?” Watson asked. “I don’t know. But he was the alpha male on the stage with all the other candidates. He was not afraid to say the things that we were thinking.” She laughed and essay about my favorite relative said, “I fought for the Equal Rights Amendment in the seventies. You have to evolve as a human being.” This is short essays about a serious project.

All immigrants to the United States know (and knew) that if they want to about relative become real, authentic Americans they must reduce their fealty to their native country and regard it as secondary, subordinate, in order to emphasize their whiteness. Unlike any nation in Europe, the United States holds whiteness as the unifying force. Here, for many people, the definition of ethical decision making “Americanness” is color. Under slave laws, the essay necessity for essays about happiness, color rankings was obvious, but in America today, post-civil-rights legislation, white people’s conviction of their natural superiority is being lost. Rapidly lost. There are “people of color” everywhere, threatening to erase this long-understood definition of relative America.

And what then? Another black President? A predominantly black Senate? Three black Supreme Court Justices? The threat is writing french essays frightening. In order to limit the possibility of this untenable change, and restore whiteness to relative its former status as a marker of national identity, a number of white Americans are sacrificing themselves. They have begun to hog farming do things they clearly don’t really want to be doing , and, to do so, they are (1) abandoning their sense of human dignity and (2) risking the appearance of cowardice. Much as they may hate their behavior, and know full well how craven it is, they are willing to kill small children attending Sunday school and about my favorite relative slaughter churchgoers who invite a white boy to essays about happiness pray. Embarrassing as the obvious display of essay cowardice must be, they are willing to set fire to churches, and to start firing in them while the members are at prayer. And, shameful as such demonstrations of and leadership development weakness are, they are willing to shoot black children in the street. Essay My Favorite. To keep alive the perception of white superiority, these white Americans tuck their heads under cone-shaped hats and American flags and what a good dissertation proposal deny themselves the dignity of face-to-face confrontation, training their guns on the unarmed, the innocent, the my favorite relative scared, on subjects who are running away, exposing their unthreatening backs to essays bullets.

Surely, shooting a fleeing man in about my favorite relative the back hurts the presumption of white strength? The sad plight of grown white men, crouching beneath their (better) selves, to ethical making process essay slaughter the innocent during traffic stops, to push black women’s faces into the dirt, to handcuff black children. Only the frightened would do that. Right? These sacrifices, made by supposedly tough white men, who are prepared to abandon their humanity out of fear of black men and essay my favorite relative women, suggest the true horror of essays lost status.

It may be hard to feel pity for the men who are making these bizarre sacrifices in the name of white power and supremacy. Personal debasement is not easy for white people (especially for white men), but to retain the conviction of their superiority to others—especially to black people—they are willing to risk contempt, and to be reviled by the mature, the sophisticated, and essay about my favorite relative the strong. If it weren’t so ignorant and pitiful, one could mourn this collapse of dignity in service to an evil cause. The comfort of being “naturally better than,” of not having to struggle or demand civil treatment, is hard to give up. The confidence that you will not be watched in a department store, that you are the preferred customer in high-end restaurants—these social inflections, belonging to whiteness, are greedily relished. So scary are the consequences of a collapse of white privilege that many Americans have flocked to a political platform that supports and translates violence against the defenseless as strength. These people are not so much angry as terrified, with the ethical decision making process essay kind of about terror that makes knees tremble. Skrzynecki Immigrant Essays. On Election Day, how eagerly so many white voters—both the poorly educated and the well educated—embraced the shame and fear sowed by Donald Trump. The candidate whose company has been sued by the Justice Department for not renting apartments to black people. The candidate who questioned whether Barack Obama was born in the United States, and who seemed to condone the beating of a Black Lives Matter protester at a campaign rally. The candidate who kept black workers off the floors of his casinos.

The candidate who is beloved by David Duke and endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. William Faulkner understood this better than almost any other American writer. In “Absalom, Absalom,” incest is less of a taboo for about, an upper-class Southern family than acknowledging the one drop of black blood that would clearly soil the family line. Rather than lose its “whiteness” (once again), the family chooses murder. Hillary Clinton speaking at a campaign rally at writing essays the Sunrise Theatre, in Fort Pierce, Florida, on September 30th. During the Presidential primaries, Donald Trump mocked his Republican rivals as “puppets” for flocking to a secretive fund-raising session sponsored by Charles and David Koch, the billionaire co-owners of the energy conglomerate Koch Industries.

Affronted, the Koch brothers, whose political spending has made their name a shorthand for special-interest clout, withheld their financial support from Trump. Essay About Relative. But on Tuesday night David Koch was reportedly among the revellers at Trump’s victory party in a Hilton Hotel in New York. Writing French Essays. Trump campaigned by attacking the my favorite relative big donors, corporate lobbyists, and political-action committees as “very corrupt.” In a tweet on October 18th, he promised, “I will Make Our Government Honest Again—believe me. But first I’m going to have to #DrainTheSwamp.” His DrainTheSwamp hashtag became a rallying cry for supporters intent on ridding Washington of makes a good proposal corruption. But Ann Ravel, a Democratic member of the Federal Elections Commission who has championed reform of political money, says that “the alligators are multiplying.” Many of Trump’s transition-team members are the corporate insiders he vowed to disempower. On Friday, Vice-President-elect Mike Pence, the essay my favorite new transition-team chair, announced that Marc Short, who until recently ran Freedom Partners, the Kochs’ political-donors group, would serve as a “senior adviser.” The influence of the Kochs and their allies is particularly clear in the areas of energy and the environment. The few remarks Trump made on these issues during the campaign reflected the writing fondest hopes of the oil, gas, and coal producers. He vowed to withdraw from the international climate treaty negotiated last year in Paris, remove regulations that curb carbon emissions, legalize oil drilling and mining on federal lands and in seas, approve the Keystone XL pipeline, and weaken the Environmental Protection Agency. For policy and essay about personnel advice regarding the Department of immigrant chronicle Energy, Trump is relying on Michael McKenna, the essay my favorite president of the lobbying firm MWR Strategies. McKenna’s clients include Koch Companies Public Sector, a division of Koch Industries.

According to Politico, McKenna also has ties to the American Energy Alliance and its affiliate, the ethical decision essay Institute for Energy Research. These nonprofit groups purport to relative be grassroots organizations, but they run ads advocating corporate-friendly energy policies, without disclosing their financial backers. In 2012, Freedom Partners gave $1.5 million to the American Energy Alliance. Michael Catanzaro, a partner at the lobbying firm CGCN Group, is the head of Trump’s energy transition team, and has been mentioned as a possible energy czar. Among his clients are Koch Industries and Devon Energy Corporation, a gas-and-oil company that has made a fortune from vertical drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Another widely discussed candidate is Harold Hamm, the french essays billionaire founder of the shale-oil company Continental Resources, who is a major contributor to the Kochs’ fund-raising network. Wenona Hauter, of Food and essay my favorite relative Water Watch, says that Hamm has “done all he can to subvert the existing rules and regulations.” Myron Ebell, an outspoken climate-change skeptic, heads Trump’s transition team for the E.P.A. Short. Ebell runs the energy-and-environmental program at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, an anti-regulatory Washington think tank that hides its sources of financial support but has been funded by fossil-fuel companies, including Exxon-Mobil and Koch Industries. David Schnare, a self-described “free-market environmentalist” who has accused the E.P.A. of about relative having “blood on its hands,” is development a member of the E.P.A. working group.

Schnare is the about relative director of the essays about Center for Energy and the Environment at the Thomas Jefferson Institute, part of a nationwide consortium of anti-government, pro-industry think tanks. He is also the essay relative general counsel at the Energy and Environment Legal Institute, which has received funding from coal companies. In 2011, Schnare started hounding the climate scientist Michael Mann, who had been a professor at the University of Virginia, by filing public-records requests demanding to see his unpublished research and his private e-mails. The legal wrangling tied up Mann’s work until 2014, when the Virginia Supreme Court ordered Schnare to desist. The Union of essays Concerned Scientists has described these actions against climate scientists as “harassment.” Norman Eisen, who devised strict conflict-of-interest rules while acting as Obama’s ethics czar, says, “If you have people on the transition team with deep financial ties to essay relative the industries to be regulated, it raises questions about whether they are serving the public interest or their own interests.” He ruled out Obama transition-team members who would have had a conflict of interest in their assigned areas, or even the appearance of one. “We weren’t perfect,” he said. “But we tried to level the playing field because, let’s face it, in the Beltway nexus of corporations and dark money, lobbyists are the delivery mechanism for special-interest influence. ” Questions to Trump’s transition team about its conflict-of-interest rules went unanswered, as did questions to the lobbyists and industry heads involved. But the composition of the group runs counter to a set of anti-lobbyist proposals that Trump released in October, to be enacted in skrzynecki chronicle essays his first hundred days. It called for a five-year ban on White House and congressional officials becoming lobbyists after they leave public office, and a lifetime ban on White House officials lobbying for essay about my favorite relative, a foreign government.

The tenth item on the list of proposals is the Clean Up Corruption in Washington Act, which would implement “new ethics reforms to Drain the Swamp and reduce the corrupting influence of special interests on our politics.” Trevor Potter, who served as the commissioner of the short F.E.C. under George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton, and is now the president of the Campaign Legal Center, described Trump’s ethics proposals as “quite interesting, and quite helpful.” He was puzzled, though, by the vagueness of the “Drain the Swamp” act. “It’s a complete black box so far,” Potter said. Essay About. Potter wondered if Trump’s lack of specificity reflected internal divisions. He noted that Don McGahn, who served as the Trump campaign’s attorney, is an opponent of almost all campaign-finance restrictions. Decision. “Many on about my favorite the transition team are registered lobbyists who are deeply invested in the system Trump says he wants to essays change,” Potter said. “It looks like the lobbyists and about relative special interests are already taking over.” If the leader of a government issues an makes dissertation order that men and women below him cannot, in good conscience, enact, what are they to do? In July, 2008, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, of California, who had stunned the political establishment by leveraging his celebrity and outsider status to reach disaffected voters, was in an embarrassing political predicament. The Governor had brandished a broom at rallies, promising to “sweep out the bureaucracy” and defeat “girlie men” lawmakers who stood in my favorite relative his way. Now the Democratic-led legislature was unable to agree on skrzynecki immigrant chronicle essays a budget. So Schwarzenegger adopted a radical tactic: he ordered the state to reduce the essay my favorite relative pay of nearly two hundred thousand state employees to the federal minimum wage, of $6.55 an hour, until the legislature met his demands. The order reached the desk of what makes a good dissertation proposal a bureaucrat named John Chiang, a former tax-law specialist who was the essay relative state controller. In that job, Chiang, a forty-six-year-old Democrat, was responsible for issuing paychecks and monitoring cash flow. Born in New York, to immigrants from hog farming Taiwan, he had grown up in the Chicago suburbs, in one of the first Asian families in the neighborhood.

It was an about my favorite relative uneasy mix. On the Chiangs’ garage, people spray-painted “Go home, gook,” “Go home, Jap,”and “Go home, Chink.” After studying finance, and earning a law degree from Georgetown, Chiang started his career at the Internal Revenue Service in essays Los Angeles. In 1999, his younger sister, Joyce, a lawyer for essay about, the Immigration and immigrant essays Naturalization Service in Washington, went missing. Three months later, her remains were found on the banks of the Potomac. The death was ruled a homicide, but no one was charged. It altered her brother’s life. “I will return to dust,” he said later. “You just want to use this life to do some good.” In 2006, Chiang ran for controller, upset a Democratic favorite in the primary, and won. When he received Schwarzenegger’s order to reduce the pay of state workers, Chiang was surprised. Under Schwarzenegger’s plan, the workers would receive their full salaries once a budget was approved. But California had enough cash in its accounts, and, in Chiang’s view, the about my favorite Governor’s move could violate the Fair Labor Standards Act. Moreover, he thought, it was cruel.

It was the french height of the essay about financial crisis, and mortgage defaults were up more than a hundred per cent over the previous year. “I wanted Governor Schwarzenegger to help lead California through this fiscal crisis,” Chiang told me last week. Peter Skrzynecki Chronicle Essays. “Here’s a man who worked hard, he’s been blessed, but, more important, he’s been entrusted by essay about relative, the voters of California to lead in good and bad times. And to think that you take action that would endanger thousands of public servants just struck me as beyond the pale.” Chiang refused to implement the about Governor’s executive order. In a statement at the time, he said that the order was “nothing more than a poorly devised strategy to put pressure on the Legislature.” At a rally of state workers, Chiang called them “innocent victims of a political struggle.” Schwarzenegger sued Chiang’s office. In court papers, Chiang replied that, even if he wanted to comply, he would need ten months to about reconfigure the state’s computer system. As the case wound through the judicial system, Chiang became, to some, an unlikely hero. The Sacramento Bee , adapting the iconic image of a protester at Tiananmen Square, published a cartoon that depicted Chiang as a lone resister before a line of about happiness Hummers, with “Arnold” stencilled on the bumper of the lead vehicle. About. The Liberal O.C., a progressive blog, nicknamed him “the Controllernator.” Chiang’s resistance became a case study in how a bureaucracy stymies the and leadership development requests of an executive who offends its professionalism and sense of mission.

When General Dwight D. Eisenhower was preparing to take office, Harry Truman predicted, “Poor Ike—it won’t be a bit like the Army. He’ll find it very frustrating.” Professor Eric Posner, of the University of Chicago Law School, is the essay co-author of hog farming “The Executive Unbound,” a chronicle of the expanding power of the U.S. Presidency. Last week, after Donald Trump won the election, Posner told me that, with both houses of about my favorite Congress in Republican control, the dissertation greatest obstacle to the President’s use of power would be not the separation of powers but, more likely, the isolated actions of individuals in government. “Sometimes they won’t actually do what the essay about relative President tells them to do, or they drag their feet, or they’ll leak to the press to try to embarrass him,” Posner told me. “That’s pretty unusual, because when that happens the employees risk losing their job, or even going to jail if they leak confidential information.” Because Chiang held an happiness independently elected office, his latitude to resist was far greater than it is for most government employees. The consequences of resistance can be dire. My Favorite Relative. In 1981, nearly thirteen thousand air-traffic controllers challenged the chronicle essays new President, Ronald Reagan, by staging an about relative illegal strike. Reagan fired them and broke their union. Schwarzenegger’s attempts to impose his will eventually foundered.

As a candidate, he reached beyond usual Republicans by vowing to create “fantastic” jobs and by thrilling audiences, at his rallies, with a soundtrack that featured Twisted Sister’s “We’re Not Gonna Take It” (a song that Trump used at his rallies). Peter Skrzynecki Essays. But Schwarzenegger, who had never held public office, proved incapable of essay relative reorganizing government, defeating labor unions, capping state spending, or weakening teacher tenure. His relationship with the G.O.P. Critical Thinking. soured. Essay About. In 2011, he left office with his public approval rating at near-historic lows. The lawsuit against french essays, Chiang remained officially unresolved until Schwarzenegger’s successor, Jerry Brown, dropped the essay about relative suit. (Chiang permitted himself a modest celebration: “I am pleased and thankful that Governor Brown saw this litigation as a frivolous waste of hard-earned tax dollars.”) In 2015, Chiang became California’s Treasurer, and he will be a candidate for governor in 2018. When I asked him what lesson he takes from his refusal to peter skrzynecki immigrant chronicle obey the orders of the executive, he said, “I think, always, you look deep into your conscience and then you move from there. People have a sense of why they serve.” He added, “At times, we will prevail; at times, we will fail. But to stand and essay about watch idly and a good dissertation proposal do nothing—I think people will regret if things go along and they didn’t offer up their very best.” The Supreme Court operates in counterpoint to the rest of the government.

The Justices do not initiate; they respond. Every major political issue of the day eventually winds up in essay my favorite relative their courtroom, and they either embrace or resist what’s happening in the rest of the world. When Franklin D. Roosevelt pushed the New Deal through Congress, the conservatives on the Court, for essays about, a time, fought him to a standstill. When the civil-rights movement gathered steam, the Justices gave first a hesitant and then a fuller endorsement of the cause. But resistance from the Justices never lasts too long. The truism that the Supreme Court follows the about relative election returns happens to be true. Elections have consequences. For the past eight years, the Court has been called upon to respond to essays happiness President Obama’s agenda.

In certain crucial ways, a majority of the Justices have upheld the essay my favorite relative work of the Administration, most notably in two cases that posed existential threats to the Affordable Care Act. In other cases, the Court has rebuked the President. In Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, the Court rejected the Administration’s view that the A.C.A. required closely held corporations to subsidize forms of birth control that the owners opposed on religious grounds. Over all, the Court has reflected the fierce partisan divisions in the country. Conservatives won many cases (striking down campaign-finance regulations and gutting the critical development core of the Voting Rights Act), while liberals won others (expanding gay rights and reaffirming abortion rights). The Trump Presidency will shape the Justices’ work even before they decide a case. If Trump succeeds in overturning the Affordable Care Act, the Court’s two landmark endorsements of that law, in essay my favorite relative 2012 and what makes a good dissertation proposal 2015, will become nullities, like rave reviews of a closed restaurant. George W. Essay About My Favorite Relative. Bush, the previous Republican President, had to wait until his second term to make his first appointment to the Supreme Court. Trump will have a vacancy to fill as soon as he takes the oath of office. Antonin Scalia died in February, but Mitch McConnell, the ethical essay Senate Majority Leader, decreed that the essay my favorite seat would be held open, to be filled by the next President. The voters mostly ignored this brazen defiance of institutional norms, but its consequences, as McConnell intended, have been enormous.

In an unusual move for a Presidential candidate, Trump released a list of twenty-one people whom he might consider as nominees. The list includes some curiosities, such as Mike Lee, the senator from peter skrzynecki immigrant chronicle Utah (who revealed, the morning after the election, that he had voted for the Independent Evan McMullin), and Margaret Ryan, who serves on the United States Court of essay Appeals for the Armed Forces. But most are Republican appointees to makes dissertation proposal the federal courts of appeal or state supreme courts, and all appear to be strongly conservative in about relative outlook. If one is nominated and confirmed, the new Justice will probably vote much as Scalia did. McConnell’s blockade prevented the creation of the hog farming first liberal majority since the Nixon Administration. Instead, there will be a conservative majority of five Justices, with Anthony Kennedy occasionally and John Roberts rarely voting with the liberals. Essay About My Favorite Relative. Confirmation of any Trump nominee should be a mere formality. Peter Skrzynecki Immigrant Chronicle. When Hillary Clinton appeared to be the likely winner, several Republican senators suggested that they would keep Scalia’s seat open throughout her term; eight Justices were enough for them.

Democrats take a more genteel approach to about my favorite judicial confirmations of nominees from the essays opposition party. At confirmation hearings, the senators from the Democratic minority will doubtless ask the nominee a series of questions about such issues as gay rights, Roe v. Wade, and the Citizens United case, regarding campaign finance. The nominee will answer with generalities and my favorite relative evasions. Trump’s party narrowly controls the peter skrzynecki Senate, but any Republican defections on a matter of my favorite this magnitude are unlikely. French. Democrats have never mounted a successful filibuster against a Republican Supreme Court nominee, and about my favorite relative McConnell would probably abolish the practice if they even tried. So Trump will have his Justice in short order.

The new Court will then begin confronting the Trump agenda. Two issues are likely to stand out. In the french period leading up to the 2016 election, Republican-dominated state legislatures passed a series of voter-suppression initiatives, including photo-identification requirements and limitations on about my favorite relative early voting and absentee voting. (These efforts may have limited Democratic turnout in several battleground states, including Wisconsin, Ohio, and North Carolina.) Some lower federal courts, especially those with judges appointed by President Obama, began interpreting what was left of the Voting Rights Act as justification for critical, curtailing these practices. A conservative majority on my favorite the Court would likely give the states a free hand, which would allow them to critical thinking and leadership enact even greater restrictions. The other area is immigration. Trump made the building of a wall along the Mexican border and the eviction of roughly eleven million undocumented immigrants the centerpiece of my favorite relative his campaign. He has not detailed how he plans to round up so many people, but he will surely tighten immigration enforcement; just as surely, the targets will turn to the courts for relief. Undocumented immigrants by definition enjoy fewer rights than citizens, and skrzynecki essays their fate is likely to essay become a defining issue for ethical essay, the new Court.

Looking farther ahead involves playing a high-stakes game of actuarial roulette. The Court’s senior liberals, Ruth Bader Ginsburg and about relative Stephen Breyer, are eighty-three and seventy-eight, respectively; Kennedy is hog farming essays eighty. The chances for dramatic change on such issues as abortion rights and affirmative action hinge on their continued service. The one certainty about the Court is that it never stands in the way for long. In broad terms, it reflects the essay about my favorite relative political tenor of its era.

If Trump and the ideological tendency he represents remain ascendant, the essays Court will mirror those views, too, and probably sooner rather than later. Presidents shape Supreme Courts, not the other way around, and it is Donald Trump’s turn now. At the risk of sounding like a total candy-ass, I swear I have developed P.T.S.D. Relative. from the venom of this election. O.K., even before voting season began, I was wobbly enough to be seeing a shrink. But when I confessed to her, a month ago, that I was sleeping less and skrzynecki chronicle checking news outlets compulsively, like a rat pushing a bar down for a pellet, she said, “So are a hundred per cent of my patients.” Then she added, “So am I.” A friend’s cardiologist told her that patients had been flooding into his office or calling from emergency rooms with false reports of tachycardia.

Those of us who experienced trauma as children, often at relative the hands of bullies, felt old wounds open up just hearing Trump’s fierce idiom of outrage. All of us used to be kids. All of us were, at some point, silenced by someone bigger and louder saying, “Wrong, wrong,” but meaning “It’s not what you’re doing that’s wrong—it’s who you are that’s wrong.” Language is a good dissertation proposal key. Trump’s taunting “nyah-nyah”s are the essay about idiom of french essays threat and essay about vengeance. For him, it’s not enough to ban abortion; women who have abortions should be punished. It’s not enough to defeat Hillary Clinton; we have to hate, jail, and possibly even kill her. Eric Trump responded to ethical David Duke’s endorsement not by saying, “We don’t want his vote,” but with the line “The guy does deserve a bullet.”

This violent poetry has been gathering force on about relative our airwaves for decades. It started with shock-jock radio and moved to short essays about happiness Fox News. Then, there’s the ubiquitous browbeating by social media, which, I suspect, has contributed to the tripling of the essay about suicide rate for adolescent girls in the past fifteen years. Peter Skrzynecki Immigrant Essays. It was only a matter of time before a hair-triggered guy took this vernacular to the national political stage. Relative. Nasty talk didn’t start with Trump, but it was the province of people we all viewed as idiots—schoolyard mobs, certain drunks in bars, guys hollering out of moving cars. “I’m doing some reorganizing—are there any of immigrant your possessions that you want to keep?” When a Presidential candidate mocks a disabled man or a Muslim family that has sacrificed a son for our country, the essay about relative behavior is stamped with a big “O.K.” Some Trump supporters felt O.K. shoving and hitting protesters. Hog Farming. At a Wisconsin football game, a fan wore an about Obama mask and a noose.

If you ever doubted the power of poetry, ask yourself why, in short about happiness any revolution, poets are often the first to be hauled out and relative shot—whether it’s Spanish Fascists murdering Garcia Lorca or Stalin killing Mandelstam. We poets may be crybabies and sissies, but our pens can become nuclear weapons. Like Trump, I trained early for the gutter brawl. I grew up in a huge state with an “X” in short essays happiness its middle, marking the place where the mouthy and the well-armed crisscross the boundaries of propriety like cattle rustlers. Littler than my cohort, I learned that a verbal bashing had a lingering power that a bloody nose could never compete with. When a boy named Bubba said, “Your mama’s a whore,” I shot back, “So what? Your nose is flat.” The vicious language of essay about my favorite relative this election has infected the whole country with enough anxiety and vitriol to launch a war.

American lawn signs used to be low-key. You might see venomous slogans on bumper stickers, but not where anybody actually lived. Peter Skrzynecki Chronicle. In Florida this Halloween, one yard featured black effigies hanging in the trees above a Trump sign. Strange fruit indeed. Whatever you think of Hillary Clinton, there’s no question that she was the more circumspect candidate, and that’s partly why her detractors hated her. She was “politically correct.” By my yardstick, that means trying not to hurt people’s feelings (whether Bubba said something mean about your mother or not). And yet, among a huge portion of our population, this registers not as civility but as insincerity. We Democrats have mostly tried to follow Clinton’s example, but I confess that, among friends, I’ve often enjoyed making ad-hominem attacks on Trump and about my favorite his family in a way that—on reflection—shames me. And, certainly, the left has made use of that insidious “If/then” construction that Trump favors (i.e., “If I were President, you’d be in jail”). A putative friend once told me, “If you eat endangered fish, I won’t be friends with you anymore.” I replied, “If I cared more about a fish than a person, I’d examine my values.” Today, I’m examining my values.

As a Buddhist pal said to me on happiness Election Night, “America has spoken.” Now it falls to us to listen with gracious and open hearts. This is not giving in or giving up. The hardest thing about essay democracy is the boring and irritating process of listening to people you don’t agree with, which is tolerable only when each side strives not to hurt the other’s feelings. To quote my colleague George Saunders, let today be National Attempt to Have an Affectionate / Tender Thought About Someone of the Opposing Political Persuasion Day. And (please, God) every day hereafter as well. Hog Farming Essays. The beginning of an end is hard to see: the moment when a marriage started to fall apart, the half-sentence of heartless scorn, an unmendable cut; the essay my favorite hour when the first symptoms of a fatal illness set in, dizziness, a subtle blurring of vision, a certain hoarseness; the season when a species of sparrow, trying to fly north, falls, weakened by the heat; and the day when the people of a nation began to lose faith in their form of making government. The election of Donald Trump, like all elections, is an ending, the ending of one Presidency and the beginning of another. But, unlike most elections, Trump’s election is something different: it ends an era of American idealism, a high-mindedness of about my favorite rhetoric, if not always of action, which has characterized most twentieth- and twenty-first-century American Presidencies, from F.D.R. to Eisenhower, from Reagan to Obama, from the New Deal order to the long era of essays about civil rights. The beginning of another, very different end lies quite far back in American history. Essay. “The fate of the greatest of all modern Republics trembles in the balance,” Frederick Douglass said, in a speech he gave in Philadelphia, in essays 1862, titled “The Reasons for Our Troubles.” Born into slavery, Douglass had escaped in 1838. What astonished him, as the Civil War raged, was how blind Americans were to its origins. “To what cause may we trace our present sad and deplorable condition?” he asked.

Americans of Douglass’s day blamed the about my favorite relative election of Abraham Lincoln, abolitionists, and Southern politicians for the division of the nation. Peter Skrzynecki Immigrant Essays. Douglass blamed slavery: “We have sought to bind the my favorite relative chains of ethical decision making slavery on the limbs of the black man, without thinking that at last we should find the other end of that hateful chain about our own necks.” The rupture in the American republic, the division of the American people whose outcome is the about my favorite election of Donald Trump, cannot be attributed to Donald Trump. Writing Essays. Nor can it be attributed to James Comey and the F.B.I. My Favorite Relative. or to the white men who voted in very high numbers for essays about happiness, Trump or to the majority of white women who did, too, unexpectedly, or to the African-American and Latino voters who did not give Hillary Clinton the edge they gave Barack Obama. Essay Relative. It can’t be attributed to the Republican Party’s unwillingness to disavow Trump or to the Democratic Party’s willingness to promote Clinton or to a media that has careened into a state of chaos. There are many reasons for our troubles.

But the what a good dissertation deepest reason is inequality: the forms of political, cultural, and economic polarization that have been widening, not narrowing, for decades. Inequality, like slavery, is a chain that binds at both ends. Essay About My Favorite. Trump’s election does not mark the end of an skrzynecki immigrant essays era of civil peace: no state has seceded, or will. But, if the nation is not at my favorite relative arms, it is at war with itself and essays happiness with its ideals. In Douglass’s day, the war that was fought over the meaning of the essay my favorite relative words “liberty” and “equality” claimed the writing lives of three-quarters of a million Americans. But it ended slavery. When Lincoln signed the essay my favorite relative Emancipation Proclamation, in January, 1863, Douglass was in Boston with “an immense assembly,” largely of black abolitionists. “We were waiting and listening as for skrzynecki, a bolt from the sky, which should rend the fetters of my favorite four millions of slaves,” Douglass recalled. The crowd sang the hymn “Blow Ye the Trumpet, Blow”: “Ye mournful souls, be glad.” Many Americans, having lost faith in peter skrzynecki immigrant essays a government that has failed to address widening inequality, and in the policymakers and academics and journalists who have barely noticed it, see Trump as their deliverer. They cast their votes with purpose. A lot of Trump voters I met during this election season compared Trump to Lincoln: an emancipator. What Trump can and cannot deliver, by way of policy, remains to my favorite relative be seen; my own doubts are grave.

Meanwhile, though, he has added weight to the burden that we, each of us, carry on our backs, the short essays about happiness burden of old hatreds. Frederick Douglass, a man of Lincoln’s time and, decidedly, not of essay about our own, tried to lift those burdens with the strength of his ideals. Douglass had been fighting for women’s rights since Seneca Falls, in essays 1848, and he fought for female suffrage. He expected women to about lead the ethical decision making nation by speaking for themselves, declaring, “I believe no man, however gifted with thought and speech, can voice the wrongs and present the demands of women with the essay about skill and effect, with the power and authority of process woman herself.” Many Americans of Douglass’s day believed that they saw, in equal rights for black men and even for women, the beginning of the end of the American experiment. “It is thought by many, and said by some, that this Republic has already seen its best days; that the historian may now write the essay about my favorite story of its decline and fall,” Douglass said, in a speech called “Composite Nation,” in 1869. To those who predicted doom, Douglass repeated what he had said when the french essays war was just beginning: “The real trouble with us was never our system or form of Government, or the principles underlying it; but the peculiar composition of our people, the relations existing between them and the compromising spirit which controlled the ruling power of the country.” For Douglass, the aftermath of the essay about fight to end slavery was a lesson about the essays persistence of inequality: it had already begun to take a new form, in essay my favorite relative proposals to deny constitutional protections to Chinese immigrants. Hatred of the Chinese, especially by those who wanted to exploit their labor, was, Douglass argued, new wine in old bottles, slavery by another name.

And he condemned it: “I want a home here not only for the negro, the mulatto and the Latin races; but I want the Asiatic to find a home here in ethical decision making the United States, and feel at home here, both for his sake and for ours. Right wrongs no man.” Douglass had his blind spots. Everyone does. Mine drive me crazy—just knowing they’re there does. Trump was elected because he got something right, about the about my favorite suffering of Americans, and french essays about the arrogance of politicians, of academics, and of the press. What he got wrong can be proved only by the forces of humility, of clarity, and of honesty. When does an ending begin? Douglass saw that the end of a republic begins on the day when the essay heroism of the struggle for equality yields to the cowardice of resentment. That day has not come. It is critical and leadership thought by essay about my favorite relative, many, lately, and said by some, that the republic has seen its best days, and immigrant essays that it remains for the historian to chronicle the my favorite relative history of its decline and what fall. I disagree.

Sparrows may yet cross the sky. Essay About My Favorite. When my parents lived in the Soviet Union, having a Jewish-looking “physiognomy,” as it was called, proved a daily liability. Standing in line for makes proposal, eggs or milk or ham, one could feel the gaze of the shopkeeper running down one’s nose, along with the implied suggestion “Why don’t you move to Israel already?” Social media in the era of Trump is essentially Leningrad, 1979. Trump supporters on Twitter have often pointed out my Jewishness. Essay Relative. “You look ethnic” was one of the essays kinder remarks, along with the usual litany of about my favorite lampshade drawings, oven photos, the “Arbeit Macht Frei” gate at Auschwitz, and other stock Holocaust tropes. It is impossible to know if the person pointing out your ethnicity and telling you to jump into an oven is an amateur troll in St. Petersburg, Florida, or a professional troll in St. Petersburg, Russia. What this election has proved is just how intertwined those two trolls may be. “Russia will rise from her knees!” Those were the lyrics I heard outside a suburban train station in St. Petersburg half a decade ago. The song was coming out short essays happiness, of an essay my favorite relative ancient tape player next to a good proposal a bedraggled old woman selling sunflower #42; seeds out of a cup.

She examined my physiognomy with a sneer. At the essay about relative time, this seemed like just a typical Russian scene, the nation’s poorest citizens bristling at their humiliation after losing the Cold War, their ire concentrated on a familiar target, the country’s dwindling population of Jews. The surprise of 2016—post-Brexit, post-Trump—is just how ably the Russians weaponize those lyrics, tweak them to “Whites will rise from french essays their knees!” and megaphone them into about my favorite, so many ready ears in Eastern and Western Europe and, eventually, onto our own shores. The graffito “Russia is for the Russians,” scribbled next to a synagogue, and the words “Vote Trump,” written on a torched black church in Mississippi, are separated by short about, the cold waters of the my favorite relative Atlantic but united by an imaginary grievance—a vigil for better times that may never have existed. I can understand these people. Growing up in nineteen-eighties Queens, my friends and I, as young Russian immigrants, unfamiliar with the language, our parents working menial jobs, looked down on blacks and Latinos, who were portrayed as threats by the Reagan Administration and its local proxies. The first politicized term I learned in America was “welfare queen,” even as my own grandmother collected food stamps and received regular shipments of development orange government cheese. We hated minorities, even though the neighborhoods many of my favorite relative us lived in were devoid of them. I didn’t attend public school, because my parents had seen one black kid on decision making the playground of the excellent school I was zoned for, and so sent me to a wretched parochial school instead. There was an about apocryphal story going around our community about a poor Russian boy beaten so badly by essays, a black public-school kid that his mother killed herself.

If Ronald Reagan was the distant protector of us endangered white kids, then Donald Trump was a local pasha. My buddies and essay my favorite I walked past his family’s becolumned mansion, in Jamaica Estates, with a sense of awe. Donald was a straight shooter, a magnate, a playboy, a marrier of Eastern European blondes, a conqueror of distant Manhattan. He was everything a teen-ager in and leadership development Queens could dream of being. If we were ever blessed to meet him, we knew he would understand the racism in our hearts, and we his. Successful people like him made us secure in essay my favorite our own sense of decision making whiteness.

Thirty years later, every Jew on Twitter who has received a Photoshopped version of herself or himself in a concentration-camp outfit followed by “#MAGA” knows how fleeting that sense of security can be. The idea that Jews should move to their “own” country, Israel, brings together racial purists from Nashville to Novosibirsk. The jump from Twitter racism to essay about my favorite a black church set aflame on a warm Southern night is steady and predictable. Putin’s team has discovered that racism, misogyny, and anti-Semitism bind people closer than any other experiences. What Makes A Good Dissertation. These carefully calibrated messages travel from Cyrillic and English keyboards to Breitbart ears and Trump’s mouth, sometimes in the space of essay about hours. The message is french clear. Essay About Relative. People want to rise from their knees. Even those who weren’t kneeling in the first place. My parents and grandparents never fully recovered from the strains of having lived in an authoritarian society. Daily compromise ground them down, even after they came to America.

They left Russia, but Russia never left them. Essays. How do you read through a newspaper composed solely of lies? How do you walk into a store while being Jewish? How do you tell the truth to your children? How do you even know what the truth is? A few days ago, I visited a local public school. On a second-grade civics bulletin board I saw written in large letters: “Citizens have rights —things that you deserve; RESPONSIBILITIES —things you are expected to about do; RULES —things you have to follow.” The message seemed to have come from a different era.

What did those words have to do with America in 2016? I reflexively checked FiveThirtyEight on my phone. I thought, I grew up in a dystopia—will I have to die in what dissertation proposal one, too? #42; An earlier version of this article misstated what kind of seeds the woman was selling. Less than a month after Barack Obama took office, Rick Santelli, of CNBC, announced from the floor of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, “We’re thinking of essay about my favorite relative having a Chicago tea party.” Santelli, a conservative showman, was complaining that day about the new Administration’s modest proposal to help struggling homeowners, whom predatory lenders had persuaded to hog farming take on unaffordable mortgages. Santelli is not a critic of Wall Street, but his rant reflected the wave of populist rage that began with the financial crisis of 2008. It set off revolutions within both parties, targeting just about anybody who seemed rich and essay my favorite relative powerful. Skrzynecki. In 2016, two utterly different and relative equally unlikely politicians ran for President, and succeeded beyond anyone’s expectations: first Bernie Sanders, then Donald Trump.

The economic crisis became obvious in September, 2008, when Lehman Brothers failed. Within days, it was evident that all the major American financial companies, and, by extension, all the major financial companies in the world, were faltering. To help avert the most devastating economic depression in history, the political system took a temporary break from its hyper-partisanship and paralysis. Barack Obama and John McCain interrupted their Presidential campaigns to fly to Washington for an emergency meeting with President George W. Bush. Congress authorized the government to spend as much as seven hundred billion dollars to stabilize the big banks.

After Obama won the hog farming election, he made it clear that he would continue with this approach. Altogether, these fiscal interventions were more aggressive than any ever taken by the federal government, surpassing even those taken by Franklin D. Roosevelt during his Hundred Days. The two parties shared the blame for the catastrophe. For decades after the New Deal, the government supervised the economic system, placing on it various restraints and about my favorite relative controls. That role eroded in making process essay the nineteen-eighties and essay relative nineties, when Republicans and a good dissertation Democrats reduced the constraints, allowing junk mortgages and the exotic financial products based on them to proliferate. By the start of the twenty-first century, Wall Street was donating heavily to my favorite relative Democrats, too. Ethical Making Process. In 2008, Obama received more contributions from the financial sector than McCain, and the trend was resumed and relative magnified this year, with Hillary Clinton’s campaign. Democrats happened to be in power when the economy bottomed out, in June, 2009; by then, millions of Americans had seen their life savings vanish. The system had failed, and when people think of the system they think of the party in charge. In the end, financial institutions got trillions of what dollars’ worth of help to stay afloat, far more than the my favorite relative government spent on economic stimulus, unemployment benefits, or mortgage relief. The cities where finance is headquartered, especially New York and San Francisco, recovered quickly, while the dissertation suffering in great swaths of the rest of the country continued.

Bankers got bonuses; their neighborhood theatres and essay about my favorite relative restaurants were full. The size and influence of the half-dozen or so largest financial institutions grew substantially, and almost no one who led them was visibly punished. This past March, the critical thinking development National Archives released documents that had been under seal, in which the essay about my favorite Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission made a series of “referrals” of making process essay cases to the Justice Department for possible criminal prosecution. Essay My Favorite. The most famous name on the list was Robert Rubin, the former Treasury Secretary and Citigroup executive. The main government body responsible for dealing with the crisis, the hog farming essays Federal Reserve Board—removed from direct democracy and my favorite relative run rather mysteriously by academic economists—made an ideal target for populist rage.

Fed policies benefitted the rich more than others: low interest rates were paired with “quantitative easing,” in writing french essays which the Fed purchased the kinds of financial instruments that most people don’t have, like mortgage-backed securities and essay my favorite relative long-term bonds. Hedge-fund managers who played the rising markets with borrowed funds did well; people on salaries who saved a little money every month and put it in interest-bearing accounts did poorly. By 2010, the Tea Party had become a national movement, and essays dozens of its adherents were elected to Congress. The left generated a protest movement, too, with Occupy Wall Street, which revolted against the mainstream of the my favorite Democratic Party and led to making essay the emergence of essay about my favorite Sanders and Elizabeth Warren as major Party figures. Astonishingly, the ethical process essay main political beneficiary of about my favorite relative all this energy was Donald Trump, a plutocrat with a long history of taking on too much debt, stiffing his business partners, and not paying taxes.

But, while most of his primary opponents ran on more familiar limited-government themes, and Hillary Clinton was fending off the attack from Sanders, Trump figured out that a Republican could run against makes dissertation proposal, Wall Street. He made unsubstantiated, sweeping, and brutally effective attacks on essay Clinton for having “done nothing” for thirty years about the economic troubles of middle-class and poor Americans. Critical And Leadership. Trump is almost certain to enact policies that will exacerbate those difficulties. He will undo as much as he can of efforts like the 2010 Dodd-Frank law, which returned some regulation to the financial system. He will cut taxes in essay ways that will increase inequality, and restrict trade in ways that will decrease prosperity. He will not reappoint Janet Yellen, the most unemployment-obsessed Federal Reserve chair in American history—after having subjected her to makes proposal a barely veiled anti-Semitic attack, in a campaign ad that called her a tool of my favorite relative “global special interests.” It is yet another tragic consequence of the about happiness financial crisis that it has brought to power the politician most likely to essay about relative create the french next one. “We are about to begin our descent into Los Angeles” is the opening line of “The Graduate.” It is essay heard in the background, as the camera lingers on skrzynecki immigrant the face of Benjamin Braddock (Dustin Hoffman), lost in uncomfortable reflection.

The line sets the essay relative tone for hog farming, the lurid tale that is about to unspool. I thought of essay my favorite this foreshadowing sixteen months ago, on the day that Donald J. Trump announced his bid for the Presidency. Peter Chronicle Essays. The sight of him riding a gold escalator down into the belly of essay relative Trump Tower to announce his good news made one thing clear to me: he was ready to begin his descent to the Presidency. For a long time, it seemed like a joke. How could this six-time-bankrupt billionaire-slash-reality-TV star expect to be taken seriously? His opening move—labelling Mexican immigrants rapists—immediately lost the critical thinking and leadership development left, and his demotion of John McCain, a former P.O.W., from my favorite relative hero to loser looked as if it would cost him the establishment right.

But, after tussling with Megyn Kelly at the first G.O.P. debate, and suggesting that she had blood coming out of her “wherever,” he accomplished the unthinkable: he lost Fox News. How did this mango Mussolini expect to win the White House? Who was left to and leadership vote for essay my favorite relative, him? Apparently, half the country. Shortly after that first debate, I joked in the writers’ room of my now defunct television program, “The Nightly Show,” that Trump could win. I was immediately shouted down and what a good dissertation told, in very funny terms, that I was out of my mind. But I was half serious when I made that prediction: a part of essay my favorite relative me was deeply uneasy with the type of energy that surrounded the Trump insurgency. It was the same energy I’d felt around the “birther” movement a few years earlier—a concerted attempt to thinking delegitimize the first black President. It was then that my colleagues and I decided to title our coverage of the election “Blacklash 2016, the Unblackening.” A little more than a hundred years ago, D. W. My Favorite Relative. Griffith’s “The Birth of a Nation” was screened at Woodrow Wilson’s White House.

The film gave a distorted but sensational view of the Reconstruction South, where white heroes, in short about happiness the form of the Ku Klux Klan, put uppity black villains back in their places. It was the Klan’s job to rescue white women from the essay black devils who were trying to rape them and create a mongrel race. The reality, of course, is that mixed-race Americans were largely the short about happiness result of the cream being poured into the coffee, as it were, and not the essay about my favorite other way around. But this lie—the myth of the black sexual predator—was powerful, both onscreen and off. It provoked a resurgence of the K.K.K., and hog farming essays reportedly led President Wilson to say that Griffith’s film was “like writing history with lightning, and my only regret is that it is all so terribly true.” For African-Americans, Wilson’s comment was not only an official delegitimization but, arguably, the worst movie review ever. When Donald Trump expended so much effort not only criticizing President Obama but attempting to un-Americanize him, he was drawing a direct line from that horrible legacy to himself. About Relative. During the essays election, I’d hear the campaigners chanting, “Take our country back,” or “Make America great again,” and I wondered who they thought had stolen their country. Well, the chief suspect lives at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue.

It appears that Obama’s biggest mistake was P.W.B., Presidenting While Black. Essay My Favorite Relative. I’m shocked by essays, what happened last week, but not surprised. I don’t mean to suggest that every person who voted for Trump is about my favorite relative a racist. But there’s no denying that his message appealed to the lesser angels of the American psyche. Peter Immigrant Essays. Questioning Obama’s birthright, threatening to ban Muslims, painting entire immigrant groups as felons to be feared—these are not policy positions. They are incendiary words and images meant to ignite a movement. My hope is about that, right now, our country is more ready to come together than to be driven farther apart. Writing French. But if making America great again means restoring a history that’s been written with lightning, buckle up—because we’re going to be on a collision course with very loud thunder. I’m twenty-seven, and in some ways my life has been consonant with the experience of women throughout history. The first time someone tried to grab me by the pussy, I was in middle school, and essay about relative the next half-dozen times it likewise wasn’t by choice.

But in most respects I have luxuriated in skrzynecki immigrant essays unprecedented choice and essay relative freedom. I was the child of immigrants in a conservative Southern state, yet I had birth control and a credit card and an uncontested right to education. Essays. Ambition and carelessness both came naturally to me. Essay About My Favorite. Even as a girl, I knew that I was uncommonly lucky, which is what encouraged me, when I was eleven, to write off pussy-grabbing as a pathetic, confusing cultural vestige. It would die out peter chronicle, eventually, I thought, because women would be recognized as equals. Men who groped you—particularly the essay about relative ones who did it on a whim, out of aggressive boredom—would be shamed into critical and leadership development, the mausoleum, shoved into a corner next to coat hangers and coverture. Then, on Tuesday, nearly fifty per cent of the essay about my favorite American voters put Donald Trump into the Oval Office.#42; We picked a President whose ex-wife once testified that he ripped out her hair and raped her, a man who’s been accused of sexual assault and misconduct by almost two dozen women, a man whose own words corroborate his accusers’ claims. Trump bragged, on the “Access Hollywood” videotape, about committing sexual assault—one of about happiness many hideous offenses that he instinctively believed would make him appear powerful. About. And, for millions of Americans, it seems, they did.

The night after the election, my girlfriends and I joined a protest that had been announced, earlier that day, on Facebook, and which brought thousands of people to what dissertation Union Square, in Manhattan. The crowd was young and about relative colorful, restless and expectant. A gentle rain wilted signs that said “Not the End” and “We Will Look Out for Each Other”; two men in front of me waved a rainbow banner and a blacked-out American flag. An organizer with a bullhorn rebuked the Democratic Party, prompting wolf whistles and applause. My girlfriends and I hugged one another, our eyes smeared and swollen. We hadn’t thought that Hillary Clinton’s campaign was specifically focussed on women, but we experienced her loss as a woman-specific disaster. The men in our lives seemed to feel the stab of it somewhat less. The rain intensified as we marched from Union Square to Trump Tower.

We high-fived cabdrivers and whooped at the office workers who opened their windows to cheer. “Our body, our choice!” the women around us chanted, and men echoed, “Her body, her choice!” We traded flowers and cigarettes, yelled “Pussy grabs back.” But fifty-three per cent of white women voted for a white-supremacist sexual predator; selfishness, in so many circumstances, begets the same consequences as hate. A sign floated above the crowd, flashing red, white, and blue in the reflection of police lights: “Why Don’t Sexual Assault Victims Come Forward? Because Sometimes We Make Their Attackers the Leader of the Free World.” I had been foolishly sure that the “Access Hollywood” tape would sink Trump’s chances. After its release, I asked my friends how many times someone had forcibly grabbed them. And Leadership Development. “Twenty,” a woman who grew up taking the subway in New York City said. “Five to ten?” another friend replied, adding, earnestly, “So not that much.” We were fortunate, I thought; we could talk about assault clearly and casually. We could trust that these men were losers. We were wrong.

I’m part of the generation that has forced a mainstream reckoning with the misuse of other people’s bodies; we are the essay relative victims and the dissidents of police brutality and sexual assault. During the making essay Obama Administration, in no small part because of the relative respect that the First Couple instilled for women and ethical decision making process essay people of color, I had begun to feel, thrillingly, like a person. My freedom no longer seemed a miraculous historical accident; it was my birthright. But my freedom was always conditional, and perhaps never very important to anyone but me. I’m afraid that the empathy and respect that I have always had to display to survive as a woman of about color will never be required from men or from whites. I understand, now, that I mistook a decrease in active interference for progress toward a world in which my personhood was seen as inextricable from everyone else’s. Essays. On the march from about my favorite Union Square, a woman with corn-silk hair under a baseball cap told me that she felt abandoned by the men in her family, who had voted for Trump, and hog farming had teased her for having what they saw as special interests. “I’m afraid that a man will hurt me in my favorite public, and everyone around will think it’s O.K.,” she said.

I heard a friend shouting my name and I turned in her direction. “I’m here,” I said. “I can’t lose you,” she said, pulling me into critical thinking and leadership development, the group. We were farther from being the equals of men, or even of one another, than we had imagined. But we’d been shown the distance. We kept walking uptown. Essay. #42; An earlier version of this article misstated the portion of the American electorate that voted for Donald Trump. In the chronicle essays campaign’s final days, even as members of Donald Trump’s inner circle had begun to about relative acknowledge privately that he faced almost certain defeat, one of his advisers had the short good sense to deprive him of essay about his cell phone. The first, fatefully ill-advised letter from F.B.I. Thinking Development. Director James Comey had dropped a week earlier, palpably complicating Hillary Clinton’s otherwise inevitable-seeming triumph. If, for once, Trump could be restrained from further Twitter self-immolation, who knew? The day after Clinton’s concession speech, the President-elect had his phone back. Thursday morning, he met with President Obama at the White House and afterward described the experience in language that, uncharacteristically, approached humility. About. It didn’t last.

Around dinnertime, he tweeted a familiar whine: “Just had a very open and successful presidential election. Now professional protesters, incited by the media, are protesting. Critical Thinking And Leadership. Very unfair!” A shock but not a surprise; no previous evidence suggested that Trump was familiar with the about my favorite phrase “right of the people peaceably to short about happiness assemble.” (Nine hours later, when a more conciliatory tweet issued forth—“Love the essay about relative fact that the small groups of protesters last night have passion for proposal, our great country”—one sensed that the phone had been repossessed.) After my first face-to-face encounter with Trump—twenty years ago, in his Trump Tower office—I returned to my own and told a colleague, “This guy’s a performance artist.” At the time, I innocently assumed that I would eventually glimpse a human self inclined to the occasional genuine emotion. Trump was then fifty. About My Favorite Relative. It had been two decades since he shifted the hog farming focus of the family real-estate business from middle-class housing in Queens to “classy” luxury Manhattan high-rises. His persona—inseparable from all that he intended the “ TRUMP ” brand to signify—was fully, immutably intact. To one degree or another, in about relative our encounters with others we all inhabit a persona that masks our most intimate reflections, doubts, and feelings. Beyond Trump’s extraordinary talent as a salesman, his singular dubious achievement has been to french remain fully in character at all times. He has deliberately chosen to exist only as a persona, never as a person. The essential Trumpian conundrum: he seems the most legible of men, yet, for all the essay fine work of short about his many biographers, none has figured out essay about, what truly goes on inside his head.

When Trump tells a lie—to paraphrase William Maxwell, he tends to hog farming “lie with every breath he draws”—it never feels premeditated. The lie is a reflex. And no persona, no matter how artfully devised, can stifle a reflex. Among the grave uncertainties our country now faces, we can only wonder what becomes of “Donald Trump” once President Trump takes the oath of office. I asked a number of highly regarded actors and acting teachers what to expect from a leader with such a thoroughly calculated persona. Richard Feldman (Juilliard): “My hunch—and it can only be a hunch—is that the persona is essay relative a complete creation, complete unto itself and almost without volition.

What makes Trump so powerful is short happiness that he believes his own story. When he says that those women made up those stories of relative sexual assault, what makes him feel authentic is that some part of him believes that. “My dismay is that millions of people don’t get that, no matter how deep their dissatisfactions, they were still willing to vote for someone who’s clearly a hollow person. Can you be deeply hollow? I don’t know what’s there. I wonder if ever, at hog farming essays three o’clock in the morning, he faces himself or is afraid. I don’t know how deeply he believes in what he’s created.” Mark Wing-Davey (New York University): “The persona he’s chosen is a megalomaniacal persona with soft edges, because he wants to inspire confidence in the person with whom he’s doing the deal. Unfortunately, there’s a massive credibility gap between someone who believes himself to essay be this magnificent negotiator and someone who is ethical process essay carrying the hopes and dreams of the whole country.

Empathy is relative a crucial ingredient to writing essays being an actor. Trump lacks the ability to produce empathy in the audience.” Austin Pendleton (HB Studio): “With a really great actor, it always comes down to a feeling of spontaneity, that what they’re giving out is my favorite relative what happens to them in the moment . Trump has that—the freshness of a really fine actor-artist. The reason his positions are all over the map is because he lives in the moment. That’s electric to people, far more important than whatever it is writing essays he actually says. Because if people were really paying attention to what he says he would never, ever have been elected.” Mercedes Ruehl (HB Studio): “ ‘Persona’ comes from Latin, and my favorite relative it means mask. When one acts, one tries to access the real self within the character. Trump is french remaining at essay about my favorite the level of persona. Essays. In the footage of that meeting with Obama, I saw what I felt was humility.

Can he drop the persona and act out of his self? I hope he can; his self is the only thing that can save his Presidency. But he would have to be like St. Paul, cut down on the road to Damascus—the greedy tax collector, and essay about my favorite God says ‘Follow me,’ and he does.” I hope that you are feeling, if not precisely better, then at least not so demoralized. On Wednesday, after he won, you reached out to me, seeking advice, solidarity. You wrote, My two little sisters called me weeping this morning. I had nothing to ethical decision process give them. I felt bereft. What now ? Keep telling the truth from an ever-shrinking corner ? Give up ? I answered immediately, because you are my hermana, because it hurt me to hear you in relative such distress. I offered some consoling words, but the truth was I didn’t know what to say.

To you, to my godchildren, who all year had been having nightmares that their parents would be deported, to myself. I thought about your e-mail all day, Q., and I thought about you during my evening class. My students looked rocked. A few spoke about how frightened and betrayed they felt. Two of them wept.

No easy task to ethical decision essay take in the fact that half the voters—neighbors, friends, family—were willing to elect, to the nation’s highest office, a toxic misogynist, a racial demagogue who wants to make America great by destroying the about relative civil-rights gains of the past fifty years. What now ? you asked. And that was my students’ question, too. What now ? I answered them as poorly as I answered you, I fear. And so I sit here now in the middle of the night, in an attempt to try again. So what now?

Well, first and foremost, we need to feel. We need to connect courageously with the essays happiness rejection, the fear, the vulnerability that Trump’s victory has inflicted on us, without turning away or numbing ourselves or lapsing into cynicism. We need to bear witness to essay about my favorite relative what we have lost: our safety, our sense of belonging, our vision of our country. We need to hog farming mourn all these injuries fully, so that they do not drag us into despair, so repair will be possible. And while we’re doing the hard, necessary work of mourning, we should avail ourselves of the essay about old formations that have seen us through darkness. We organize. Skrzynecki Essays. We form solidarities. About. And, yes: we fight. To be heard. To be safe.

To be free. For those of us who have been in the fight, the prospect of writing more fighting, after so cruel a setback, will seem impossible. My Favorite Relative. At moments like these, it is easy for even a matatana to and leadership feel that she can’t go on. But I believe that, once the shock settles, faith and energy will return. Because let’s be real: we always knew this shit wasn’t going to be easy. Colonial power, patriarchal power, capitalist power must always and everywhere be battled, because they never, ever quit. We have to keep fighting, because otherwise there will be no future—all will be consumed. Those of essay relative us whose ancestors were owned and bred like animals know that future all too well, because it is, in part, our past. And we know that by fighting, against all odds, we who had nothing, not even our real names, transformed the universe. Our ancestors did this with very little, and essays we who have more must do the about relative same. This is the critical thinking and leadership joyous destiny of essay about relative our people—to bury the arc of the moral universe so deep in justice that it will never be undone.

But all the fighting in immigrant essays the world will not help us if we do not also hope. What I’m trying to cultivate is essay my favorite not blind optimism but what the essays philosopher Jonathan Lear calls radical hope. “What makes this hope radical ,” Lear writes, “is that it is directed toward a future goodness that transcends the current ability to understand what it is.” Radical hope is not so much something you have but something you practice; it demands flexibility, openness, and what Lear describes as “imaginative excellence .” Radical hope is our best weapon against despair, even when despair seems justifiable; it makes the survival of the my favorite end of your world possible. Only radical hope could have imagined people like us into existence. Writing French. And I believe that it will help us create a better, more loving future. I could say more, but I’ve already imposed enough, Q.: Time to face this hard new world, to return to the great shining work of our people. Darkness, after all, is essay about my favorite relative breaking, a new day has come.

The New Yorker offers a signature blend of essays about happiness news, culture, and the arts. It has been published since February 21, 1925. This article appears in other versions of the November 21, 2016, issue, with the headline “Aftermath.” Sign up for the daily newsletter: The best of The New Yorker every day. Watch: The photographer and filmmaker Katy Grannan travels around America to capture the nation’s mood in 2016. Do you have a tip for The New Yorker that requires anonymity and security?

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Extemporaneous Speech Essays and essay my favorite, Research Papers. Speech Assignment Five Type of speech : Persuasive Persuasive type: Question of policy Time limits: 6-7 minutes . And Leadership? Visual aid: Required Typed outline: Required Bibliography: Required Copy of Sources Used: 4 Required Assignment Synopsis: This is the most important speech of the semester. Essay Relative? Start early and work really hard on this one. Students are to present a 6-7 minute persuasive speech on ethical, a current, controversial topic of essay about, state, regional, national, or international. Audience , Conclusion , Language 668 Words | 3 Pages. prepare for your fi rst speech and as a checklist for all the speeches you give in your public speaking class. You can also use the guide as . Peter Skrzynecki Immigrant Essays? a handy reference for speeches you give aft er college. Essay My Favorite Relative? Presenting a speech involves six basic stages: 1. Determining your purpose and topic (Chapter 4) 2. Adapting to your audience (Chapter 5) 3. Researching your topic (Chapter 6) 4. Hog Farming? Organizing your ideas (Chapter 8) 5. Practicing your speech (Chapter 12) 6. Presenting your speech (Chapter 12) Th ese. Audience , Oratory , Public speaking 632 Words | 3 Pages. Impromptu or Extemporaneous Speaking.

Impromptu or Extemporaneous Speaking While many of us do not like to speak in front of people, there are times when we are asked to get up and . say a few words about someone or a topic when we have not planned on essay about relative, saying anything at all. We are more shocked than anyone else. Has this ever happened to you? If and when this does happen to you, be prepared to peter immigrant chronicle, rise to the challenge. Below are some tips you can use the next time you are called on to speak. ? Decide quickly what your one message will. Homework , If You Have to Ask , Impromptu speaking 1491 Words | 4 Pages. Memorized Speech Delivery Over the years, four basic methods of delivering speeches are developed. Essay About Relative? Key Points * Memorized delivery . takes two basic forms: the total speech or manuscript is committed to memory, or standard parts of the message are memorized and woven into each speech . * Memorizing your speech allows you to writing essays, stay in touch with your audience. * One of the about, main problems of what a good proposal, delivering a speech from memory is that it sounds like you are reading since you are focusing your. Audience , Audience theory , Declaration of independence 1169 Words | 4 Pages.

Introduction Speech Fox Speech of about, Introduction: The Day I was Born Speech For your introduction . speech you will present a brief speech on proposal, the day you were born. This speech is meant to be an icebreaker and is your time to introduce yourself to your fellow classmates and me. Essay My Favorite Relative? Do some research and hog farming essays, find out a few interesting pieces about the essay about my favorite, day you were born. If you cannot find anything you would like to use on the exact day, you may expand out to the week, month, or year. Please try to stay. APA style , Bibliography , Citation 788 Words | 3 Pages.

type of speech would the speaker choose. Well chapter 13 contents the creative process for informative speaking. What informative speaking is . how to choose a focused informative topic, how to conduct a research and informative outline? The chapter also contains how to organize the body, introduction, and conclusion of the essays about happiness, informative speech . Lastly chapter 13 contents explain how to essay my favorite, prepare to present the speech and evaluate and writing french essays, informative speech . Essay My Favorite Relative? In order to make a well informative speech the speaker. Knowledge management , Language , Learning 850 Words | 3 Pages. Persuasive Speech Speaking out to persuade others . Writing French? . Essay About My Favorite Relative? . From Reading to Writing Martin Luther King, Jr.’s powerful “I Have a Dream” . Essays? speech helped convince Congress to pass landmark civil rights legislation. Essay My Favorite Relative? It also continues to influence people of all ages to believe in and work to achieve their personal dreams. Persuasive Speech Speaking out to persuade others . . . Persuasive speeches such as Dr.

King’s can move listeners to what makes a good dissertation proposal, tears and essay about my favorite relative, inspire them to move mountains. Politicians, advertisers. Audience , Eye contact , Language 807 Words | 16 Pages. Writing a speech can be a daunting task for short essays about many people. Perhaps you're worried about the quality of your writing skills, you're nervous about about . Hog Farming? your public speaking inexperience or maybe you just don't know what to write. By setting out a few clear goals before you start writing your speech , you will be better equipped to judge its progress and success of your speech prior to its public airing.

A hilarious Best Man speech may have your audience rolling in about relative, the aisles, but if you fail to short about happiness, give tribute. Audience , Creative writing , Public speaking 1710 Words | 5 Pages. S. Buscaino DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPEECH What is speech according to its purpose? People have gathered to hear you speak on a . specific issue, and they expect to get something out of essay, it immediately. And you, the speaker, hope to have an ethical process essay, immediate effect on your audience. Essay About My Favorite? The purpose of what dissertation proposal, your speech is to get the essay relative, response you want. 4 types of speech according to purpose A Informative Speech - An Informative Speech is like teaching.

The purpose of an peter, informative speech is to try to teach something to. Graduation , Kofi Annan , Martin Luther King, Jr. Essay About My Favorite? 764 Words | 3 Pages. Speech to Entertain: An Overview The primary purpose of a speech to entertain is to have the audience relax, smile and enjoy the . Development? occasion. The speech should have a central theme or a focus. A series of jokes will NOT work well for this type of speech . Good speeches to entertain typically mix humor with more serious morals, lessons learned, or experiences. In other words, they have a real point to make… they are not just silly, slapstick humor. You can tell a lighthearted, personal story that reveals. Amusement , Audience , Comedy 938 Words | 3 Pages. work’s.

Host: How would you prepare and conduct a good Process speech so that it is about effective? (SLIDE 4) Brian: TO prepare for a . Process speech you will first want to … carefully think about the steps in french, the process and set them up in the order they occur. THEN you will need to group the steps AND create explanations for each step and sub step. My Favorite? YOU should prepare AND use…. Visual aids and demonstration during your speech . But….. some process speeches are not suited for demonstrations. Audience , Audience theory , Demonstration 623 Words | 3 Pages. ?ORGC 201 Informative Speech Assignment Create a 5-6 minute presentation using PowerPoint visuals. Hog Farming Essays? Make sure your PowerPoint follows the . Essay About Relative? guidelines discussed in writing essays, class. The purpose of the about relative, presentation should be to inform the skrzynecki immigrant chronicle essays, audience. Your presentation should reflect a topic, theme, or issue relevant to your major. For ideas of essay, topics, you may consider looking at issues of decision making, Crains’ Chicago, The Wall Street Journal, Bloomberg BusinessWeek, The New York Times, The Chicago Tribune, cnn.com, The.

Audience , Better , Evaluation 1497 Words | 4 Pages. the phonetic combination of a limited set of vowel and about, consonant speech sound units. Peter Chronicle Essays? These vocabularies, the syntax which structures them, and . their set of speech sound units differ, creating the essay, existence of many thousands of different types of mutually unintelligible human languages. Most human speakers are able to communicate in two or more of them,[1] hence being polyglots. The vocal abilities that enable humans to produce speech also provide humans with the ability to sing. A gestural form. Brain , Language , Linguistics 1360 Words | 4 Pages. Sample Persuasive Speech Outline For Public Speaking Sample persuasive speech outline including speechwriting tips on writing french essays, outlining . the about, main speech topics for public speaking. Sample Persuasive Speech Outline YOUR NAME, SPEECH CLASS AND DATE: TITLE: SUBJECT: Your persuasive speech topic. GENERAL PURPOSE: To persuade SPECIFIC PURPOSE: To persuade the audience to . (fill in your ultimate goal of hog farming, course :-) I INTRODUCTION A. About My Favorite Relative? Your attention grabber.

Try a snappy one if you like. American Psychological Association , APA style , Authority 490 Words | 3 Pages. Nguyen COM 111-550 06/14/13 CHAPTER 16 REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. What is the difference between an informative speech and a persuasive . speech ? Why is speaking to ethical decision essay, persuade more challenging than speaking to inform? Informative speech is designed to convey knowledge of and understanding and about my favorite, persuasive speech is to either reinforce or changing people’s beliefs or actions. Persuasive speech is hog farming more challenging than informative because there are different points of essay, view on the topic your discussing since. Audience , Audience theory , Fact 691 Words | 3 Pages. wikihow.com/Say-a- Speech -Without-Getting-Nervousgfjkjkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkfkigftytu- y « Study and create flashcards for . Hog Farming Essays? free at Cram.com Sign In | Sign Up StudyMode - Premium and Free Essays, Term Papers Book Notes Essays Book Notes AP Notes Citation Generator More Welcome Speech For The Business Meeting Essays and Term Papers Advanced Search Documents 1 - 20 of 919 Hi Welcome Speech Welcome Speech Good morning. Business , Etiquette , Management 1135 Words | 7 Pages.

Speaking: Speech and about my favorite relative, Informative Speeches. Speaking to Inform I. Writing Essays? Speaking to inform is one of the most important skills a student can develop. A. Essay About My Favorite Relative? Informative speaking is vital to success in . business. 1. In one survey, informative speaking was ranked as the most important speech skill in the workplace. 2. In another survey, 62% of the critical thinking and leadership, respondents said they used informative speaking “almost constantly.” B. Nor are people in business the only ones who rely on informative speaking. 1. There are endless situations in which people. Abstraction , Audience , Concept 1412 Words | 5 Pages. their previous experience. 1-3. What is feedback? Why is it important in my favorite, human communication? -Feedback is present in making essay, public speaking.

It is how the . Essay My Favorite? speaker knows to critical, adjust their vocabulary, volume, or how the audience feels about the direction your speech is heading. Essay? It is important because it helps the speaker successfully get their point across. Essays Happiness? 1-4. Why should communication be labeled as “Transactional?” Does it mean anything to your classroom speeches? -They should be labeled as transactional. Oratory , Public speaking , Rhetoric 717 Words | 3 Pages. Everybody learns moral values from different experiences of his/her life.

Here is an experience, which was a turning point to my life. My . Essay Relative? speech was a laughable to listeners when I was in my 9th grade year. Makes A Good Dissertation Proposal? Learning how to speak in front of essay about my favorite, a crowd was a most significant moment in my life because I learned basic skills like speaking, facing an audience, and memorizing sentences. My English teacher paved the way for me to be a better speaker. It all started when she told me to speak some words. Audience , Audience theory , Knowledge 964 Words | 3 Pages. Delivering a Persuasive Speech Douglas A. Parker August 13, 2001 | Amazon Products | |Subject(s): Language Arts/Reading and . Public Speaking |Links of Note | |[pic] | |Overview: Students need to understand that how they say something and how they physically present |Persuasive Essay Topics form| | | |themselves are just as important as what they say. By understanding. Human voice , Language , Persuasion 1503 Words | 7 Pages. ?SPCH 250: Speech Fundamentals Speech 2: Informative Speech Due Date: 9/30/14, 10/2/14 Purposes of Informative . Speaking Informative speaking offers you an opportunity to practice your research, writing, organizing, and speaking skills.

You will learn how to discover and present information clearly. If you take the time to thoroughly research and understand your topic, to create a clearly organized speech , and to practice an enthusiastic, dynamic style of french essays, delivery, you can be an effective teacher. Audience , Bibliography , Parenthetical referencing 462 Words | 3 Pages. ?Informative Speech Requirements Objective: To construct a well-written informative presentation following the about my favorite relative, criteria below and effectively . presenting to an audience. I have provided you with the informative outline template that I expect you to use for this speech . I will also provide you with sample informative speeches in class so that you can see what one looks like. Topic selection 1. In this presentation you will be providing your audience with information about a topic. You should choose.

APA style , Bibliography , Citation 700 Words | 2 Pages. Inspirational Speech for school elections. ?WRIITEN TASK 1: SPEECH AFTER ELECTION VICTORY Good morning respected Principal, teachers and students. I stand here in front of you all . Writing? today, being bolder and essay my favorite, more debonair than ever before. It is because you have given me power to run and be part of this school’s engine. I stand with pride as the new School Captain of this prestigious institution. You have given me strength to thinking, be as sturdy as an oak and my favorite relative, tell everyone with panache that it is ethical decision making essay me who the entire body feels capable enough to shoulder. Barack Obama , Jawaharlal Nehru , Leo Strauss 2358 Words | 7 Pages. Oral Presentation - Persuasive Speech. levels of meaning. My Favorite? THE TASK Give the context/connect to what has been studied in short essays happiness, class - use sentences.

Insert visual. Essay About? We have been studying the . Short About Happiness? language features and structures used in persuasive speeches. You are to present a persuasive speech taking on the persona of one of the following people: Travel agent persuading people to travel to a particular holiday destination Captain of a sporting team persuading the team that 2014 is essay my favorite relative their year Life coach telling the audience that they. Audience , Following , Language 537 Words | 3 Pages. ------------------------------------------------- City University of New York Department of Speech , Communications and Theatre Arts . French Essays? Fundamentals of Speech : SPE100 (3credit) Prof. Mila Brisbon Scheduled Days Monday/ Wednesday/ Friday SPE 100-071 room S608 SPE 100-083 room S608/N680 SPE 100-091 room S608/N680 SPE 100-111 room N487/N680/S608 SPE 100-122 room S608 Email: Mbrisbon@bmcc.cuny.edu Speech dept S628 for my mailbox and my favorite relative, class schedule. Office S628P phone (212) 220-8094. Language , Oratory , Public speaking 1316 Words | 6 Pages.

you go to church knowing you will be preached to about Jesus and God, it isn't just that. There are life lessons to immigrant essays, be learned and essay my favorite, they can be applied to a good, . everyday life and he did a really good job at teaching us something meaningful through his speech , which isn't easy to do. Essay About Relative? He used a thesis, posing a question if we truly know what means to be baptized and if we are truly living our lives as disciples of Jesus Christ. Writing French? He began by my favorite telling a story about the development, bible and Jesus' baptism, then explained. Baptism , Christianity , Jesus 850 Words | 3 Pages. Exercises to Improve Your Clarity of essay my favorite, Speech. There are different ways on how to improve your clarity of speech . Having clear speech requires a relaxed face and jaw. Here are . a few exercises to improve the hog farming, clarity of your speech . About? Step 1. Practice jaw exercises to enhance clarity of speech . Ethical Decision Making? Use a mirror to aid you in this step. Here are three exercises to about, help. These also help relax the jaw, making speech a lot clearer: ? Make wide chewing motions while humming gently. Thinking And Leadership Development? ? Stretch every muscle in your jaw and face.

Open your mouth as wide. Exercise , Human voice , Language 848 Words | 3 Pages. Informative Speech on How to Dress. | Informative Speech Manuscript | “A Professional Outlook” | | Date: February 8, 2012Name: Rasheedah M. Hasan | | | . Essay? Thesis: Appropriate dressing in a professional setting can determine the attitude an employer may develop when first meeting you. As you can see, I have two people standing here in both business attire, and formal wear. You’re probably thinking to essay, yourself why are they dressed so differently? As people, it takes the average person seven seconds to about my favorite, judge an.

Confidence , Employment , First Impressions 923 Words | 3 Pages. Obama’s Speech Everybody knows how good of a speaker Obama is. His speeches always seem to convince the audience, but it is short essays happiness not by essay about everybody . understood what distinguishes him from other speakers. Certain skills he frequently uses help him reach his main purpose, but the question remains what these skills include. Therefore, the aim of this commentary is explain how the use of rhetorical devices makes Obama’s speeches stand out and memorable. Rhetorical devices are techniques that an author or speaker. Aerosmith , Barack Obama , Effectiveness 1057 Words | 3 Pages. Speech: Education and New School Term.

GoodWhat is a speech ?Speeches are talks delivered in public on hog farming, formal and informal occasions.There are many types of speeches such as 'welcome . speech ', 'thank you speech ' and 'farewell speech '. Besides, there are also speeches on topics of interest and social issues. The PRESENT TENSE IS USUALLY USEDwhen you write out a speech.Sample question:You are the head prefect in your school. At the beginning of the new school term, you have been asked to remind students about the school regulations. Write. Education , Hair , High school 445 Words | 3 Pages. Speech is the essay about my favorite, expression of or the hog farming, ability to express thoughts and feelings by articulate sounds. It is the spoken expression of ideas. It is essay about my favorite relative . also defined as our ability to speak or the ethical decision, power of about, expressing or communicating thoughts by speaking. We often use speech to hog farming, interact with other people.

Social Interaction is the means and ability of essay about my favorite, two or more social beings to come into hog farming, contact, communicate or acknowledge one another while each being is aware of the relative, others. This is the makes a good proposal, way people talk and. Cluttering , Communication disorders , Dysarthria 1137 Words | 4 Pages. Delivery of a Presentation Impromptu speech : The word impromptu means to do anything without planning. Essay About Relative? Impromptu speech is a . mode of speech in which a speaker delivers a presentation without planned or without rehearses in a spontaneous manner. Peter Skrzynecki Chronicle Essays? Like impromptu press conference of any political person.

Advantages: * It provides the opportunity to response. * it shows how good an about my favorite, individual is at thinking for peter skrzynecki essays themselves, on their feet. * Impromptu speech is a useful tool for my favorite debating competition. Audience , Feedback , Impromptu speaking 1244 Words | 5 Pages. Pregnant Women and Abortion in Persuasive Speech. for you to understand Monroe’s Motivated Sequence (a persuasive outline) by comparing it with the traditional outline (used for hog farming essays your informative speeches). . 2. As an alternative outline choice for your persuasive speech . If you decide to use the problem/solution approach in your speech , then you may follow the outline format below (Monroe’s Motivated Sequence) or you may follow the essay, example of outlines 4 through 7. It is important to note that whichever of the two outline formats for Monroe’s Motivated. Public speaking , Speech 317 Words | 3 Pages. Speech-Related Activity: 1-Minute Speeches. Speech -Related Activity: 1-minute Speeches Aims: Practice quick analytical thinking, expression of opinions Level: This works best . with more advanced students, and in smaller groups. Materials: Pre-made topic slips, a clock or watch for keeping time.

Roles: Each speech requires a speaker and essays, a timekeeper. Procedure: The student to perform the speech randomly selects a faced-down strip of relative, paper containing a topic. The student has a short period of time (3 – 5 seconds). Convenience store , Language , Psychology 590 Words | 3 Pages. Breaking Barriers: a Reflection Paper on the King's Speech. was reminded of this significance when Bertie suddenly released his frustration during his talk with Lionel. Truly, The King’s Speech presented . a story of a man whose courage to change inspires the hog farming essays, viewers to speak for their purpose. About My Favorite? Courageous it is for the challenges that Bertie faced to essay, overcome his apprehension were not of essay about my favorite relative, ease, but of difficulty, given that his speech problem was rooted in something deeper- his experiences as a young prince. As a child, he encountered the strict side of his father.

2002 albums , Debut albums , Language 842 Words | 3 Pages. Lesson Plan Form Four Persuasive Speech. speaking. Firstly, teacher invites students to identify and match language features to appropriate example on the | | |whiteboard. Essays? . Relative? Then, teacher will check the answer by explaining the language features involved in persuasive speech as well as prompt students to | | |give more examples. Then, teacher will show a video of persuasive advertisements which produced by writing french essays other students. Essay My Favorite Relative? After that, students work in | | |group for ‘Dragon’s Den’. Education , Language , Lesson plan 792 Words | 5 Pages. 1. What are similarities and differences of public speaking and conversation.

which situation is each of 4 manners of speech presentation (impromptu, extemporaneous , manuscript and memorized) the most . appropriate? There are four primary types of writing french essays, speech delivery: Manuscript, Memorized, Impromptu, and Extemporaneous . Manuscript speaking, like it sounds, involves reading your speech word-for-word from it’s written form. Essay About Relative? The advantage to delivering a speech this way is that you can perfectly plan and control the wording of your speech . This sounds like it is ideal, but really. Audience , Audience theory , Language 998 Words | 3 Pages. Fundamentals of hog farming, Public Speaking: Internet Course Syllabus.

Student speech performances are emphasized. Essay About Relative? COURSE OBJECTIVES: At the completion of this course, students will demonstrate knowledge of . What Makes Dissertation Proposal? 1. Audience and essay about relative, environment analysis 2. Chronicle Essays? Topic selection and about, research 3. Organization of speech text according to speech goals 4. Rehearsal techniques 5. Making? Verbal and non-verbal delivery skills 6. Techniques for controlling communication apprehension STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES: 1. Compose and deliver extemporaneous public. Course , Faulkner State Community College , Final examination 918 Words | 5 Pages. TYPES OF SPEECH According to Purpose ii. According to Preparation of essay, Delivery iii. According to Occasion i. Chronicle Essays? I. According to Purpose 1. . Speech to Inform or Informative Speech 2. Speech to relative, Inspire or Inspirational Speech 3. Speech to Persuade or Argumentative Speech 4. Speech to Entertain or Entertaining or Graceful Speech II.

According to Preparation of skrzynecki immigrant essays, Delivery 1. Impromptu Speech 2. Manuscript Reading 3. About Relative? The Memorized Speech 4. The Extemporaneous Speech III. According to Occasion 1. Salutation. Audience , Audience theory , Introduction 1191 Words | 34 Pages. How Does My Speech Change When Communicating with Different Audiences and How Does It Change the Way People Think of Me? CA- First Draft How does my speech change when communicating with different audiences and how does it change the writing, way people think of essay my favorite relative, me? . George Orwell said-‘If thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought’ illustrating that the power of language over and leadership, our thought.

People change their register when communicating with different audiences unintentionally: including myself. Essay Relative? In 15 years of my life, I have always adapted my idiolect differently to my friends, parents, teachers and strangers;. Dialect , Language , Linguistics 1418 Words | 4 Pages. ? The butterflies in your stomach, the clamminess in your palms, the anxious feeling looming overhead—today is essays speech day. For some . reason simply speaking directly to a handful of my favorite, our peers, the process, students who grew up in essay my favorite relative, the dorms with us, the classmates who share our stresses and worries, will still manage to put the fear of God in us all. I believe I can speak for what a good everyone when I say that public speaking is never first on our weekend to-do list.

The funniest thing about it is that we give. Orator , Oratory , Public speaker 1935 Words | 6 Pages. 7 Things to Remember For an Extemporaneous Speech By Jim Peterson 1. The secret of successful public speaking and . speech writing is about using one central idea. Ethical Decision Essay? You can talk about many speech topics, but always refer back to - reinforce - that theme or a thesis. It's the essay, only way the critical and leadership, audience will remember your message.

2. Essay My Favorite Relative? Capture the central idea of your extemporaneous in one full sentence. Short Essays Happiness? It should be a single, declarative sentence. Essay? Make sure that you make a specific statement. What do you want. Critical thinking , Phrase , Point 716 Words | 3 Pages.

? SPEECH WRITING Format of a Speech : 1. Salutation 2. Introduction of the speaker and the topic as the what, case may be. About Relative? 3. . Expression of hog farming, one’s views 4. Compare and Contrast your views with others 5. Use of illustrations to impress meaningful pictures on the minds of the audience, and thereby, stimulate interest, highlight important ideas, and facilitate learning. 6. Summing up or Conclusion Purpose of a Speech : To convey information orally to a large gathering of people, forcefully and convincingly. Audience , Orator , Public speaker 372 Words | 2 Pages. Online Public Speaking Speech Analysis Assignment #1 _____________________________________________________________________________________ . Please answer the following questions after reading the Land of the Free Because of the Homeless speech on page 450 of your text. Please support your answers with the material from chapters 8 - 10 in your textbook. About? 1. Does the speech introduction meet the criteria established on p. 196 of your textbook? Why or why not?

Explain your answer. . Answer , Critical thinking , Following 292 Words | 2 Pages. ? Mlk’S” I HAVE A DREAM SPEECH ” ASSIGNMENT Identify the following: THEME Speech Type Main Points Sub . Writing French Essays? Points/Support Evidence Style of Speech /Delivery Language Delivery Martin Luther King’s I have a Dream Speech provides you an opportunity to use “Critical Thinking” in analyzing the dynamics of the essay my favorite relative, speech and what makes for an outstanding speech . MLK’s Dream speech is one of the top 5 speeches in the History of speech making. You may do this assignment in. Language , Martin Luther King, Jr. , Metaphor 518 Words | 2 Pages. considered absences. Participation: MANDATORY. Completion of all On Line work and participation in all classroom activities are necessary to pass the . class Make-up speeches cannot be allowed: Time scheduling is too constricted to hog farming essays, allow it. Speech outlines will NOT be accepted late. All major speeches must be completed on the scheduled day, to pass this class.

Assignments: All other assignments must be on essay, time to get full credit. Essays? Plagiarism: Policies on cheating and plagiarism will. Critical thinking , Oratory , Public speaking 480 Words | 2 Pages. College graduates are increasingly being asked to give presentations as part of their job interviews • Internet other technologies has not reduced the . need for pubic speaking The tradition of public speaking • Oldest handbook on effective speech was written on papyrus in Egypt 4,500yrs ago. • Eloquence was highly prized in relative, ancient India, Africa china as well as Aztecs and other pre-European cultures of north south America • Greece and critical and leadership development, Rome essential role in education life • Aristotle’s. Communication , Critical thinking , Language 307 Words | 2 Pages.

?Ms. Lindsey 2014-2015 Speech Syllabus Hello students! We are going to have a great semester in Speech ! This syllabus is to . provide you with some guidance into how I expect the about my favorite, class to go during your time this semester. Writing French? Below are my expectations for this course. It is a required course and you cannot graduate without passing this class. I hope you all do your best and essay relative, work hard! According to national surveys, fear of public speaking ranks among Americans' top dreads, surpassing fear of illness. English-language films , Notebook , Oratory 436 Words | 2 Pages. Jonathan Rueff July 8, 2013 I felt I was well prepared for my first speech , I knew my research very well and short, felt like my arrangement and . flow throughout the essay my favorite relative, speech was well organized. If I had to change a couple of things I would definitely change my emotional approach.

I felt like I didn’t change my tone of voice. I think that was the and leadership development, case because I was nervous coming into my speech and towards the end I was more comfortable and I started to change my voice and essay, my emotional approach was better. Better , Communication , Neuroscience 780 Words | 2 Pages. preview statement? A) A preview statement summarizes a speech or article and is written by immigrant essays someone other than the author, and an internal . preview is a summary of the speech or article and is written by the author. B) An internal preview is at the beginning of a speech and introduces the main points of the speech , and a preview statement is during the essay and essay relative, summarizes the previous points. C) An internal preview is in hog farming, the middle of a speech and summarizes both the points already stated, and introduces. Audience , Essay , Expert witness 634 Words | 3 Pages.

Aung San Suu Kyi’s Speech One of my favourite dicta is that people should not be categorized as good or evil, wise or stupid. It would be much . more sensible to divide them simply into learners and non-learners. In between the two extremes would be a broad spectrum graded on the degree to which in Why I Would Not Like to Become a Teacher Teaching is my favorite relative hell. The reasons I would not like to become a teacher are simply just obvious. What A Good Proposal? More work than pay i.e. low net salary, stress, strict rules, you got.

Aung San , Aung San Suu Kyi , Language 1272 Words | 4 Pages. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzc- e Speech by essay Mother Teresa - Media Player at . . www.nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/index.php?id=1852 Acceptance Speech by Mother Teresa (19 minutes). Mother Teresa held her Acceptance Speech on 10 December 1979, in french essays, the Oslo City Hall, Norway. My Favorite? Copyright . Durant's MVP Speech A Great Message On Mother's Day . www.nba.com/. /news/durants-mvp- speech -great-message-mothers-day May 11, 2014 - He was so emotional during that speech , as was his mother, and it was an decision essay, absolutely. 1979 , Kevin Durant , Mother 679 Words | 4 Pages. can be defined as the act of making a speech in front of a group of essay my favorite, listeners, and is different from conversation in terms of approach, . Writing French Essays? language, and structure. TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING Naomi Rockler-Gladen, a former professor at Colorado State University, wrote on the website suite101 that there are three types of public speaking; informative, persuasive, and essay about relative, ceremonial. These types also defines the purposes, or the reasons the speech is made. More details on the three types. Eulogy , Oratory , Public speaking 1994 Words | 5 Pages. 10 Tips For Successful Public Speaking Feeling some nervousness before giving a speech is a good natural and healthy.

It shows you care about doing . well. But, too much nervousness can be detrimental. Here's how you can control your nervousness and about my favorite, make effective, memorable presentations: 1. Short Essays? Know the room. Be familiar with the place in my favorite, which you will speak. Arrive early, walk around the speaking area and practice using the microphone and any visual aids. 2. Know the audience. Critical Thinking Development? Greet some of the audience. Audience , Audience theory , Impromptu speaking 1283 Words | 4 Pages. How to Give Your First Speech Carl R. Burgchardt** Introduction Fortunately, giving your first speech sounds a lot harder than . it is . . . The purpose of this pamphlet is to provide the information you need to do a good job on this assignment: how to select a topic, how to my favorite relative, focus your speech , how to make your speech more interesting, how to organize your speech , how to prepare and practice your speech , how to behave during the presentation, and how to cope with stage fright. Short Happiness? How do I select a topic. Glossophobia , Oratory , Public speaking 3296 Words | 9 Pages.

Final Speech Name: Fall 2013 Student General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: At the essay relative, end of my speech , my audience will be . Decision Making? aware of the essay relative, concept I learned most from in my speech course and how I will use it in my future. Introduction Did you know that there was a speech that killed? On a cold and wet day, President William Henry Harrison presented a speech comprised of 8,445 words at his inaugural ceremony. By being exposed to critical thinking development, these cold conditions, a month later, he died a slow and essay about my favorite relative, painful. 2006 singles , Oratory , Public speaking 849 Words | 3 Pages.

forward in every speech to get better. After a couple speeches I realized this wasn’t a realistic goal. After a lot incubating I decided . that a better goal was to become more comfortable with speaking not just during speeches, but with my peers. So really my original goal that I wanted to fulfill wasn’t plausible, and as a result I thought of another way I could grow from this experience. Next off, currently in ethical decision process essay, the class we have just finished our final speech which was either. Area , Mind , Oratory 1045 Words | 7 Pages. here. I have been selected by my employer to present a speech to about relative, all of you on How to Overcome Fear in Public Speaking. Ladies and . Gentlemen, either you realise or not, the real fact is, most of us are having this problem.

This is the makes a good dissertation, most common problem to us. It is not easy for us to stand and speak in front of many peoples. Some peoples experience something in their stomach, sweating, shaky legs and difficulties to start their speech . Even sometime, they feel like visiting the toilet. Even. 2006 singles , Audience , It's Not Me, It's You 1513 Words | 4 Pages. students: * Practice the different skills of public speaking such as: eye contact, using gestures, movement, and vocal variety, using pauses, and using . visual aids. Essay My Favorite? * Learn how to create a speech that keeps an audience’s attention by using examples, stories, and quotes. Critical? * Learn to close their speech with a call for action. * Learn how to write an effective introduction and how to give an introduction. Essay About Relative? * Practice listening skills as they evaluate each other’s speeches. Spread. Eulogy , Impromptu speaking , Introduction 1497 Words | 5 Pages. section 1- directed writing.

2. Beware that you have to chronicle, write exactly how you speak before your audience. Essay About My Favorite? In fact, it is the easiest in its writing . Essays About Happiness? style. Essay About Relative? 3. Start with opening your speech marks.” “,or ‘ ‘ both are fine. 4. Begin with greeting your audience.Keep in mind the type of speech being delivered (formal or informal). Eg. ’Good morning friends’, ‘hello’, ‘greeting my dear fellow peers’, ‘good evening ma’am, respected teachers’ e.t.c. 5. A greeting should be followed.

Language , Linguistics , Question 1062 Words | 3 Pages.

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My favorite relative – First 50 Words – Prompts for Writing Practice

Chapter 1. How to Write a Research Paper. What is a research paper? A research paper is a piece of academic writing based on its author’s original research on about relative, a particular topic, and the analysis and interpretation of the research findings. It can be either a term paper, a master’s thesis or a doctoral dissertation. This Chapter outlines the logical steps to writing a good research paper. To achieve supreme excellence or perfection in anything you do, you need more than just the knowledge. Like the Olympic athlete aiming for the gold medal, you must have a positive attitude and the belief that you have the ability to achieve it. That is the thinking, real start to writing an about, A+ research paper. STEP 1. HOW TO START A RESEARCH PAPER? CHOOSE A TOPIC. Choose a topic which interests and challenges you.

Your attitude towards the topic may well determine the amount of effort and enthusiasm you put into peter, your research. Focus on a limited aspect, e.g. narrow it down from “Religion” to “World Religion” to relative, “Buddhism”. Peter Chronicle? Obtain teacher approval for your topic before embarking on essay about my favorite, a full-scale research. If you are uncertain as to what is expected of you in short about happiness completing the assignment or project, re-read your assignment sheet carefully or ASK your teacher. Select a subject you can manage. Relative? Avoid subjects that are too technical, learned, or specialized. Avoid topics that have only a very narrow range of source materials. For general or background information, check out useful URLs, general information online, almanacs or encyclopedias online such as Britannica. Use search engines and other search tools as a starting point.

Pay attention to and leadership development, domain name extensions, e.g., .edu (educational institution), .gov (government), or .org (non-profit organization). These sites represent institutions and tend to be more reliable, but be watchful of possible political bias in some government sites. Be selective of .com (commercial) sites. Many .com sites are excellent; however, a large number of them contain advertisements for products and nothing else. Network Solutions provides a link where you can find out what some of the other extensions stand for. Essay? Be wary of the millions of essays personal home pages on the Net. About My Favorite? The quality of decision making process these personal homepages vary greatly. About? Learning how to evaluate websites critically and to and leadership, search effectively on essay, the Internet can help you eliminate irrelevant sites and waste less of your time.

The recent arrival of a variety of thinking and leadership domain name extensions such as .biz (commercial businesses), .pro, .info (info on products / organizations), .name, .ws (WebSite), .cc (Cocos Island) or .sh (St. Helena) or .tv (Tuvalu) may create some confusion as you would not be able to relative, tell whether a .cc or .sh or .tv site is in reality a .com, a .edu, a .gov, a .net, or a .org site. Many of the new extensions have no registration restrictions and are available to writing, anyone who wishes to register a distinct domain name that has not already been taken. For instance, if Books.com is unavailable, you can register as Books.ws or Books.info via a service agent such as Register.com. To find books in the Library use the OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog).

Check out other print materials available in the Library: Almanacs, Atlases, AV Catalogs Encyclopedias and Dictionaries. • Government Publications, Guides, Reports. • Yellow Pages, Zip or Postal Code and Telephone Directories. Check out my favorite relative, online resources, Web based information services, or special resource materials on CDs: Online reference materials (including databases, e.g. Makes? SIRS, ProQuest, eLibrary, etc.) Google Scholar Wall Street Executive Library Index to Periodicals and Newspapers (e.g. MagPortal.com, OnlineNewspapers.com, etc.) Answers.com – an online dictionary and encyclopedia all-in-one resource that you can install on your computer free of essay my favorite charge and find one-click answers quickly. Encyclopedias (e.g.Britannica, Canadian Encyclopedia, etc.) Magazines and Journals Newspapers International Public Library Subject Specific software (e.g. Decision? discovering authors, exploring Shakespeare, etc.) Check out public and university libraries, businesses, government agencies, as well as contact knowledgeable people in your community.

Read and evaluate. Bookmark your favorite Internet sites. Printout, photocopy, and take notes of relevant information. As you gather your resources, jot down full bibliographical information (author, title, place of publication, publisher, date of publication, page numbers, URLs, creation or modification dates on Web pages, and your date of essay about access) on your work sheet, printout, or enter the information on your laptop or desktop computer for later retrieval. If printing from the Internet, it is wise to set up the browser to print the skrzynecki essays, URL and date of access for every page. Remember that an essay, article without bibliographical information is useless since you cannot cite its source.

STEP 3. MAKE YOUR THESIS STATEMENT. Most research papers normally require a thesis statement. If you are not sure, ask your teacher whether your paper requires it. A thesis statement is a main idea, a central point of essays your research paper. The arguments you provide in essay your paper should be based on this cenral idea, that is why it is so important. Do some critical thinking and write your thesis statement down in one sentence. Your research paper thesis statement is like a declaration of your belief. The main portion of your essay will consist of peter chronicle essays arguments to support and defend this belief. A thesis statement should be provided early in your paper – in the introduction part, or in the second paragraph, if your paper is longer. It is impossible to create a thesis statement immediately when you have just started fulfilling your assignment. Before you write a thesis statement, you should collect, organize and essay about my favorite relative, analyze materials and your ideas.

You cannot make a finally formulated statement before you have completed your reseach paper. It will naturally change while you develop your ideas. Stay away from generic and too fuzzy statements and arguments. Use a particular subject. Happiness? The paper should present something new to the audience to make it interesting and educative to read. Avoid citing other authors in this section.

Present your own ideas in your own words instead of simply copying from other writers. A thesis statement should do the following: Explain the readers how you interpret the essay about my favorite relative, subject of the research Tell the readers what to expect from hog farming, your paper Answer the question you were asked Present your claim which other people may want to dispute. Make sure your thesis is strong. If you have time and opportunity, show it to your instructor to revise. Otherwise, you may estimate it yourself. Does my statement answer the question of my assignment?

Can my position be disputed or opposed? If not, maybe you have just provided a summary instead of creating an about relative, argument. Hog Farming Essays? Is my statement precise enough? It should not be too general and vague. Essay Relative? Does it pass a so-called “so what” test? Does it provide new/interesting information to your audience or does it simply state a generic fact? Does the skrzynecki immigrant chronicle essays, body of my manuscript support my thesis, or are they different things? Compare them and change if necessary. Remember that changing elements of your work in the process of writing and essay about, reviewing is normal.

A well-prepared thesis means well-shaped ideas. It increases credibility of the paper and makes good impression about its author. STEP 4. MAKE A RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE. A research paper basically has the following structure: Title Page (including the title, the critical and leadership, author’s name, the name of a University or colledge, and the publication date) Abstract (brief summary of the paper – 250 words or less) Introduction (background information on about, the topic or a brief comment leading into the subject matter – up to critical development, 2 pages) Manuscript Body, which can be broken down in further sections, depending on the nature of research: Materials and Methods Results (what are the results obtained) Discussion and Conclusion etc. Reference Tables, figures, and appendix (optional) An outline might be formal or informal.

An informal outline (working outline) is about my favorite relative a tool helping an author put down and organize their ideas. It is subject to revision, addition and canceling, without paying much attention to form. It helps an essays, author to make their key points clear for him/her and arrange them. Sometimes the students are asked to submit formal outlines with their research papers. In a formal outline, numbers and letters are used to my favorite relative, arrange topics and subtopics. The letters and numbers of the and leadership development, same kind should be placed directly under one another. The topics denoted by essay their headings and subheadings should be grouped in peter immigrant a logical order.

All points of a research paper outline must relate to the same major topic that you first mentioned in your capital Roman numeral. Example of an outline: The purpose of an outline is to about my favorite, help you think through your topic carefully and organize it logically before you start writing. A good outline is the most important step in writing a good paper. Check your outline to make sure that the points covered flow logically from one to the other. Include in your outline an INTRODUCTION, a BODY, and hog farming essays, a CONCLUSION. Essay My Favorite Relative? Make the critical, first outline tentative. INTRODUCTION – State your thesis and the purpose of your research paper clearly. What is the chief reason you are writing the paper? State also how you plan to approach your topic.

Is this a factual report, a book review, a comparison, or an essay about my favorite, analysis of a problem? Explain briefly the major points you plan to cover in your paper and why readers should be interested in your topic. BODY – This is where you present your arguments to support your thesis statement. Remember the Rule of 3, i.e. find 3 supporting arguments for each position you take. Begin with a strong argument, then use a stronger one, and end with the strongest argument for your final point. CONCLUSION – Restate or reword your thesis. Summarize your arguments. Explain why you have come to this particular conclusion.

Organize all the information you have gathered according to your outline. Critically analyze your research data. Using the essays about, best available sources, check for accuracy and verify that the information is factual, up-to-date, and correct. Opposing views should also be noted if they help to support your thesis. This is the most important stage in writing a research paper. Here you will analyze, synthesize, sort, and digest the information you have gathered and about, hopefully learn something about essays your topic which is the real purpose of doing a research paper in the first place.

You must also be able to effectively communicate your thoughts, ideas, insights, and essay about my favorite, research findings to essays, others through written words as in a report, an essay, a research or term paper, or through spoken words as in an oral or multimedia presentation with audio-visual aids. Do not include any information that is not relevant to my favorite relative, your topic, and do not include information that you do not understand. Make sure the information that you have noted is carefully recorded and in your own words, if possible. Plagiarism is definitely out of the question. Skrzynecki Chronicle? Document all ideas borrowed or quotes used very accurately.

As you organize your notes, jot down detailed bibliographical information for about my favorite relative each cited paragraph and have it ready to transfer to your Works Cited page. Devise your own method to organize your notes. One method may be to and leadership, mark with a different color ink or use a hi-liter to identify sections in your outline, e.g., IA3b – meaning that the item “Accessing WWW” belongs in the following location of your outline: Group your notes following the outline codes you have assigned to your notes, e.g., IA2, IA3, IA4, etc. Essay Relative? This method will enable you to quickly put all your resources in the right place as you organize your notes according to your outline. Start with the first topic in your outline. Read all the proposal, relevant notes you have gathered that have been marked, e.g. with the capital Roman numeral I. Summarize, paraphrase or quote directly for each idea you plan to use in your essay. Essay My Favorite Relative? Use a technique that suits you, e.g. French Essays? write summaries, paraphrases or quotations on note cards, or separate sheets of lined paper. Mark each card or sheet of about my favorite paper clearly with your outline code or reference, e.g., IB2a or IIC, etc.

Put all your note cards or paper in the order of your outline, e.g. IA, IB, IC. If using a word processor, create meaningful filenames that match your outline codes for easy cut and paste as you type up your final paper, e.g. cut first Introduction paragraph and paste it to IA. Before you know it, you have a well organized term paper completed exactly as outlined. If it is helpful to you, use a symbol such as “#” to mark the spot where you would like to check back later to what makes a good dissertation proposal, edit a paragraph.

The unusual symbol will make it easy for essay my favorite you to skrzynecki, find the exact location again. Delete the symbol once editing is my favorite relative completed. STEP 7. REVISE YOUR OUTLINE AND DRAFT. Read your paper for any content errors. Essays About? Double check the facts and figures. Arrange and rearrange ideas to follow your outline. Reorganize your outline if necessary, but always keep the purpose of your paper and your readers in essay mind. Hog Farming? Use a free grammar and proof reading checker such as Grammarly. 1. Is my thesis statement concise and clear? 2. Did I follow my outline? Did I miss anything?

3. Are my arguments presented in essay about my favorite a logical sequence? 4. Are all sources properly cited to short essays about happiness, ensure that I am not plagiarizing? 5. Have I proved my thesis with strong supporting arguments? 6. Have I made my intentions and points clear in essay about my favorite the essay? Re-read your paper for grammatical errors. Use a dictionary or a thesaurus as needed.

Do a spell check. Correct all errors that you can spot and improve the overall quality of the paper to the best of makes proposal your ability. Get someone else to read it over. Sometimes a second pair of about relative eyes can see mistakes that you missed. 1. Did I begin each paragraph with a proper topic sentence?

2. Have I supported my arguments with documented proof or examples? 3. Peter Skrzynecki Immigrant Chronicle? Any run-on or unfinished sentences? 4. My Favorite Relative? Any unnecessary or repetitious words? 5. Thinking? Varying lengths of sentences? 6. Does one paragraph or idea flow smoothly into the next? 7. Any spelling or grammatical errors? 8. Quotes accurate in essay about source, spelling, and skrzynecki, punctuation? 9. Are all my citations accurate and in correct format?

10. Did I avoid using contractions? Use “cannot” instead of “can’t”, “do not” instead of “don’t”? 11. Did I use third person as much as possible? Avoid using phrases such as “I think”, “I guess”, “I suppose” 12. Have I made my points clear and interesting but remained objective? 13.

Did I leave a sense of completion for essay about relative my reader(s) at the end of the what makes a good dissertation proposal, paper? For an essay about my favorite relative, excellent source on English composition, check out this classic book by William Strunk, Jr. on the Elements of hog farming Style. Contents include: Elementary Rules of Usage, Elementary Principles of about my favorite Composition, Words Expressions Commonly Misused, An Approach to Style with a List of Reminders: Place yourself in writing essays the background, Revise and rewrite, Avoid fancy words, Be clear, Do not inject opinion, Do not take shortcuts at the cost of clarity, … and much more. Details of essay about my favorite The Elements of critical Style by relative William Strunk, Jr. Writing French? partially available online at Bartleby.com. Essay About My Favorite Relative? Note: William Strunk, Jr. Chronicle? (1869–1946). Essay About My Favorite? The Elements of Style was first published in 1918. There is also a particular formatting style you must follow. It depends on the field of your studies or the requirements of your University/supervisor. There are several formatting styles typically used.

The most commonly used are the APA style and the MLA style. Short Essays About? However, there are such style guides as the Chicago Manual of Style, American Medical Association (AMA) Style, and more. APA (American Psychological Association) style is mostly used to cite sources within the essay my favorite relative, field of social sciences. The detailed information can be found in Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association , (6 th ed., 2 nd printing). MLA (Modern Language Association) style is and leadership development most commonly used for the liberal arts and humanities. The most recent printed guide on essay about, it is the MLA Handbook (8 th ed.). Instead of providing individual recommendations for each publishing format (printed, online, e-books etc.), this edition recommends a single universal set of guidelines, which writers can apply to any kind of source.

You should necessarily ask your instuctor which formatting style is required for your paper and format it accordingly before submitting. All formal reports or essays should be typewritten and printed, preferably on a good quality printer. Read the assignment sheet again to be sure that you understand fully what is expected of you, and writing french, that your essay meets the requirements as specified by your teacher. Know how your essay will be evaluated. Proofread final paper carefully for spelling, punctuation, missing or duplicated words. Make the effort to about, ensure that your final paper is clean, tidy, neat, and essays, attractive.

Aim to have your final paper ready a day or two before the deadline. This gives you peace of mind and a chance to triple check. Essay About My Favorite Relative? Before handing in hog farming your assignment for marking, ask yourself: “Is this the VERY BEST that I can do?”

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