Introduction cloning essay

awards essay sample An incentive program is any organizational management program that is specifically meant to encourage or promote certain positive actions or behaviors by a group of people within an organization. The intention of promoting certain behavior is mainly to cloning develop a work environment that supports the objectives and long-term goals of the organization (Mejia, Balkin, Cardy, 2001). The behavior promotion action may be within a certain period of rejection of liberalism, time or for an unlimited period of time. Incentive programs are common practices in business management for employee motivation and to attract customers. Introduction! Scientifically, incentive programs are also referred to as pay for performance. The main types of thesis, incentive programs are points-based incentive programs, employee incentives, consumer incentives, dealer incentives, and cloning essay sales incentive programs.

All these incentive programs are aimed at triggering a type of motivation among the concerned parties. Organizations target specific people for liability purposes. The main task covered in this paper is a pay for performance incentive award program for the employees of Pricks Cleft Co. As the vice president of human resources of the organization, my task is to design and implement a pay for performance incentive program for all employees, including senior management. The key element that guides the design of the incentive program is that it might appear fair and equitable to all employees in addition to providing the required motivation for the organization to achieve its goals (Cooper, 2002). The program contains specific rewards for specific performance outcomes. The following is a pay for performance program for short about the employees of Pricks Cleft Co.

The following elements are contained in essay the employee incentive program. Rejection! Categorization of employees in different levels is the first factor of consideration when drafting an incentive program. Categorization of employees is based on their job description and the services that they offer to the organization. Essay! Therefore, there exist senior employees and junior employees. All senior employees are those that occupy higher offices such as head of departments and managers. The junior employees are comprised of the organization’s support staff and any other person that is ranked below the managers. Rejection! Also any employee that works below the departmental heads is a junior employee. The two main levels of employees include the executive and sales persons. The two levels of employees are expected to operate within the standards of operation that are stipulated in the main strategic design of the introduction cloning organization (Snell Bohlander, 2013). There are expectations and goals for each level. For instance, the sales persons are expected to perform specific duties that are seldom reflected in their sales volume.

There is encouragement to build customer relations for the purpose of improving sales. They are required to advice the organization on at education, the trends of sales in the external markets. By advising the organization, the goals are to define and implement the cloning essay most appropriate techniques of improving sales. Such instances are aimed at attracting new employees and maintaining the existing customers to improve sales volumes (Snell Bohlander, 2013). At Education! By offering incentives to salespersons, an organization can greatly enhance their motivation and encourage them to cloning essay invest more energy in their duties. It is essay, intuitive to affirmatively postulate that salespersons are the cornerstone of a business because of their capabilities to attract many customers to purchase the organizations goods and services. The other expectation is that incentives will maintain the salespersons within the confines of the organization in a process of avoiding employee turnover. The other category of employees entails the executive level. The executives are meant to create policies and implement them in order to introduction essay safeguard the continuity of the organization in the process of achieving the the war began essay organization’s goals (Snell Bohlander, 2013). In most cases, organizations prefer motivating the executive team so that they can spread their leadership skills across all sections of the organization. The main goal of offering performance incentives to the executives is for the purpose of motivating them so that they can continue offering necessary strategic assistance in the quest of achieving the goals of the organization.

Through the incentive programs, it is cloning essay, expected that the executive will work harder in terms of campaigning for incentives or for the wellness of the organization. Leadership is essay at education, expected to hit the cloning highest notch at all times if at all an organization desires to achieve its goals. The other goal of the incentives is to reduce turnover in the executive team. Incentives for the Expectations. The specific incentives offered for improved attraction of customers and increase in sales is essay story about friendship, straight salary and straight commission. Specifically, commissions play key roles in motivating salespersons to invest more efforts in their area of introduction cloning essay, specialization.

For the executive level of employees, the expectation of offering appropriate ideas of strategic design to enhance performance attracts a large number of incentives. The main incentives for the executive employees include bonuses, performance incentive bonuses, executive perks, stock ownership, and profit sharing (Snell Bohlander, 2013). Some of the lucrative executive perks include company car, chauffeur, spouse travel, loans, home computers, and executive easting facilities, among others. They are entitled of essay, any one of the above incentives according to introduction their performance standards. Special case incentives will be included in the program. These incentives will be used as a motivation to employees who report unethical misconduct such as sexual offenses and threats within the when organization. Such behaviors are prohibited by the management of the organization.

Therefore, any employee who reports such cases will be awarded monetary bonuses amounting to introduction cloning essay at least 5% of their total monthly salary and essays twain allowances. Maintaining Equity and Fairness. In drafting an effective employee compensation program for the organization, the human resource department should consider specific factors that are aimed at essay, maintain equity and fairness among the employees. For fairness purposes, employees should not take for granted the process of offering incentives (Snell Bohlander, 2013). In most cases, the human resource development should ensure the rejection process is conducted without the influence of external forces such as favoritism and corruption. To maintain the program’s fairness and cloning essay equity, issues of discrimination will be eliminated.

In this case, all employees are eligible to benefit from the incentives that the organization has to frost of sense offer (Moore Ross, 1983). The other step that the HR will take to maintain fairness and equity while offering the introduction incentives is the management by walking around style. This style will enable the HR to monitor the activities of these employees over a certain period of time to avoid biasness in judgment of their performance. In real sense, the HR should be available to assess the employees and at education even obtain feedback from the other employees to support their overall judgment. Dealing with Dissatisfaction.

It is cloning, evident that a cluster of employees may not embrace the incentive program due to various reasons. Therefore, the HR should device specific ways of rejection of liberalism essay, countering such occurrences. The most common causes of such rebellion should be established first. Some of the causes of such dissatisfaction instances include: The standards of production are unfair The incentive plans are only targeting work speed up plans Competition is created among employees due to cloning compensation plans Tougher standards are associated with increased earning Friction between the management and employees arises as a result of the implementation of the incentive programs within an organization. ` The HR will have to strategize on dealing with employees who oppose the incentive plans. Generally, the incentive programs or pay for performance programs are beneficial in achieving the written by mark goals of an organization (Ventrice, 2009). Introduction! Therefore, the rebellious employees should be brought back and redirected into the mainstream of the company’s performance standards. The HR will: ensure that the tomorrow the war began quotes essay employees have the desire for the programs; make sure that the employees understand the purpose of incentive programs; encourage the employees to particiapate; make the employees see the connection between their job performance and the incentives received; make the standards achievable although challenging; make the payout formula simple and easier to understand; and prove that payouts are distinct of compensation (Snell Bohlander, 2013; Leverence, 1997). After making these observations and drawing clear lines between the purpose of the incentive programs and the indented outcomes of introduction essay, such incentives, the employees are likely to start embracing the proposal. Definitely, things can only work when everyone is essay story about friendship, comfortable with them.

However, incentive programs are quite different. This is because everyone in introduction cloning essay the organization should support the program even though only a few of them are likely to benefit from the programs. Cooper, M. J. (2002). Employee Perceptions of Award and tomorrow the war quotes Incentive Programs. Journal of. Promotion Management , 8 (1), 35-51. Leverence, J. (1997). And the winner is-- using awards programs to promote your company. and encourage your employees . Santa Monica, Calif.: Merritt Pub.. Mejia, L. R., Balkin, D. Essay! B., Cardy, R. L. (2001). Managing human resources (3rd ed.).

Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Moore, B. E., Ross, T. L. (1983). Productivity gainsharing: how employee incentive. programs can improve business performance . Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Snell, S. When The War! Bohlander, G. (2013). Managing Human Resources. London: Cengage Learning. Ventrice, C. (2009).

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o net resume builder Do you like Torry's Delphi Pages? You can support it by donation at introduction cloning essay your choice by essays by mark button below. We have only 3 positions left in Torry TOP programme. If you'd like to join, please contact us. New Rosi Components Package released. Create feature-rich windows applications with many new components and universal dialogs. improved DBGrid new DBRecordView, DBTreeView toolbars and essay db dialogs to of liberalism, Find, Filter, Sort, Export, Print. Essay? StringGrid with columns definition GroupBox with automatic alignment and resizing of short story about, owned controls.

And many more from $25 to $95 only introduction cloning essay - details here. Freeware + source 11 Jan 2000. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 216kB. Freeware + source 20 Sep 2004. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 362kB. Platforms: D6 , D7. Freeware + source 03 Jan 2006. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 674kB. Platforms: D4 , D5 , D6 , D7.

Freeware + source 06 May 2002. Features: Pls and M3u Playlist support, 10 equalyzation bands Hi speed decoding (MMX) mp1/mp2/mp3/ogg/wav streams mod/s3m/it/umx/mo3/xm/mtm modules ID3 1.1 tag editor Internet Streams. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 418kB. Platforms: D2 , D3 , D4 , D5 , D6. Freeware + source 09 Nov 2004. ASIO Host: All ASIO inputs outputs directly accessible Assembler optimized conversation routines Easy integration of essay, VST-Plugins. VST Host: Host Component may host up to introduction essay, 32.768 plugins All parameters (blocksize, samplerate, etc.) are accessible Incl. Of Liberalism? VST version 2.3 features runs with nearly every plugin (see Tobybear's MiniHost).

Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 954kB. Platforms: D2005 , D2006 , D5 , D6 , D7. Shareware 12 Apr 2017. Status: With Nag-Screen Source: On purchase/registration price: $60 Size: 780kB. Platforms: C2k10 , C2k6 , C2k7 , C2k9 , CB5 , CB6 , CB64 , CBXE , CBXE2 , CBXE3 , CBXE4 , CBXE5 , CBXE6 , CBXE7 , CBXE8 , CX , CX.1 , CX.2 , D2005 , D2006 , D2007 , D2009 , D2010 , D5 , D6 , D7 , DX , DX.1 , DX.2 , DXE , DXE2 , DXE3 , DXE4 , DXE5 , DXE6 , DXE64 , DXE7 , DXE8. Audio Component Suite for FireMonkey v.1.1. Shareware 07 May 2017. Status: With Nag-Screen Source: On purchase/registration price: $60 Size: 679kB. Platforms: CBXE7 , CBXE8 , CX , CX.1 , CX.2 , DX , DX.1 , DX.2 , DXE7 , DXE8. Shareware 23 Sep 2008. Status: With Nag-Screen Source: None price: $360 Exe demo: included Size: 7 287kB.

Platforms: C2k6 , C2k7 , CB1 , CB3 , CB4 , CB5 , CB6 , D2 , D2005 , D2006 , D2007 , D2009 , D3 , D4 , D5 , D6 , D7. Freeware + source 08 May 2001. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 525kB. Platforms: CB4 , CB5. Shareware 04 Nov 2015. AudioLab is a set of introduction cloning essay, components, based on OpenWire for essay at education fast audio processing. They allow audio capture, processing and playback with zero lines of cloning essay, program code. AudioLab supports Wave Win32 API, Audio ACM, DirectX Media Objects (DMO), DirectShow, ASIO, VST 2.X, VST 3.0 and of liberalism essay allows if needed any mixture of them.

The developer can choose to go with any of cloning, them, to tomorrow began for a essay, use all, or can switch from the one to the other at cloning any moment. On Solar Energy? The components hide the complexity of both approaches, and introduction cloning essay make them look almost identical from the by mark, users prospective. The library is fully multithreaded, utilizes well modern multi-core systems, and introduction cloning runs at full native performance. Also includes Visual Graphical Editor for tomorrow began quotes Codeless Development and introduction cloning essay Visual Live Bindings . Audio Capture components - captures audio from microphone, LineIn, Modem or other input device (DirectShow, WaveAPI and essay ASIO) Audio Recording components - records in Wave, WMA(ASF), Ogg, and introduction essay other formats (DirectShow, WaveAPI, Ogg, Windows Media Encoder, and FFmpeg). Audio Playback components - plays Wave, WMA(ASF), Ogg, and other file formats (DirectShow, WaveAPI, Ogg, Windows Media Encoder, and FFmpeg).

Audio Output components - plays audio aver speakers, LineOut, Modem or other Output device (DirectShow, WaveAPI and ASIO) Audio Broadcast - broadcasts audio over IP using Windows Media Encoder. Audio Receiver - receives remote audio over IP using Windows Media Encoder, or RTSP. Audio Generators - generate Wave, Triangle, Rectangle, ChainSaw, Random Gauss and custom audio. Audio Processing - audio filters, amplifiers, equalizers and rejection essay converters, including custom user defined filters(DirectShow, DMO, and cloning native). Essay Story About? VST 2.X Component - allows usage of introduction cloning, VST 2.X Plug-ins VST 3.0 Component - allows usage of VST 3.X Plug-ins Audio Mixer - Mixes audio signals. Thesis On Solar? Audio Switches - control enable and essay disable the audio flow. On Solar Energy? VU, PPM and RMS Meters - Volume Unit, Peak Programme Meter, and Root Mean Square meters. Goniometer - audio Goniometer. Cloning Essay? Audio Compression components - compress and decompress audio streams(DirectShow, ACM, native Vorbis, Speex, and frost sound essay FFmpeg). Spectrum component - performs real time FFT(Fast Fourier) of the audio, and represents it as spectrum.

Scope Component - Wave or spectrum data plotting component. Introduction Cloning Essay? Waterfall Component - Waterfall component for essay Spectrum data representation. Composite components - Allows embedding component into each other. Audio recording/playback. Introduction? Audio mixing. Audio converters/re-encoders. Jukeboxes, and Play Lists.

Audio broadcasting. Thesis On Solar Energy? Connecting to audio streams. Audio Editing, and introduction cloning analysis. Status: Partially restricted Source: On purchase/registration price: $559 Source price: $1959 Exe demo: included Size: 2 097 152kB. Platforms: CB64 , CBXE7 , CBXE8 , CX , DX , DXE64 , DXE7 , DXE8 , FM3. Basic Midi Note Play Midi Control DLL v.1.0. Freeware + source 21 May 2015. Status: Partially restricted Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 2 798kB. Platforms: D7 , DXE7. Freeware 18 Apr 2015.

BasicAudio is tomorrow began quotes essay low cost subset of the more powerful AudioLab. Introduction Essay? BasicAudio contains only capture, recording and playback components. Frost Sound Of Sense Essay? It is designed for introduction essay only basic audio functionality such as recording and essay about playback. BasicAudio supports both the old fashion Wave Win32 API, Audio ACM, and cloning DirectShow, and essays even allows if needed any mixture of essay, them. The developer can choose to go with any of essay, them, to use all, or can switch from the one to the other at any moment.

The components hide the complexity of both approaches, and introduction cloning make them look almost identical from the users prospective. The library is frost sound of sense essay fully multi-threaded, utilizes well modern multi-core systems, and runs at cloning essay full native performance. Also includes visual graphical editor for codeless development and Visual Live Bindings. Contains: Audio Capture components - captures audio from microphone, LineIn, Modem or other input device (DirectShow and WaveAPI) Audio Recording components - records in Wave and tomorrow when the war began quotes for a essay other formats (DirectShow, WaveAPI). Essay? Playback - plays Wave and of liberalism essay other file formats (DirectShow, WaveAPI). Output - plays audio aver speakers, LineOut, Modem or other Output device (DirectShow and WaveAPI) Custom Generator - generate custom audio. Processing - Custom audio filter.

Typical applications: Audio recording/playback. Status: Fully functional Source: On purchase/registration Source price: $419 Exe demo: included Size: 1 316 671kB. Platforms: CB64 , CBXE6 , CBXE7 , CBXE8 , DXE6 , DXE64 , DXE7 , DXE8 , FM , FM2 , FM3. Freeware + source 19 Jun 2000. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 13kB. Platforms: D3 , D4. Freeware + source 19 Jun 2000. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 101kB.

Platforms: D3 , D4. Freeware + source 04 Aug 1999. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 279kB. Platforms: D3 , D4. Freeware + source 15 Jul 2006.

Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 794kB. Platforms: D5 , D6 , D7. Freeware + source 30 Nov 1998. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 15kB. Shareware 15 Jul 2006. Status: With Nag-Screen Source: None price: $150 Size: 1 808kB. Platforms: C2k6 , CB1 , CB3 , CB4 , CB5 , CB6 , D2 , D2005 , D2006 , D3 , D4 , D5 , D6 , D7. Freeware + source 10 Mar 2004. The class descends from TObject and represents a single .mp3 file. So you can create as many as you like depending on essay, your needs.

You pass the thesis, .mp3 file path as a parameter in the constructor. Once an object is created from the class you can play, pause, resume, and stop the introduction cloning, file. Progress and completion events can be set allowing you to essay at education, receive notifications of where things are during the cloning, play process. A v1.1 ID3 record can be read and written using properties and sound methods provided in introduction the class. So the .mp3 file itself can store text information about the title, artist, genre, etc. as well as the music data.

Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 14kB. Platforms: D5 , D6. Freeware + source 01 Jan 2006. Automatically convert audio data between numerous installed audio compression formats. Multiple step conversions are handled automatically behind-the-scenes. On Solar Energy? You don?t even need to cloning, know what multiple step conversions are. Story? Read or write audio streams from/to properly formatted audio files. Introduction? Display audio data visually in tomorrow when quotes for a essay your applications. Enumerate installed audio codecs as Delphi classes. Introduction Essay? Enumerate installed audio hardware as Delphi classes.

Note: File-read parsing is essay short about only available for WAV files (which may contain mp3, pcm, gsm, etc). Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 180 150kB. Platforms: C2k10 , C2k6 , C2k7 , C2k9 , CB5 , CB6 , D2005 , D2006 , D2007 , D2009 , D2010 , D5 , D6 , D7. GPLS 31 Oct 2013. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 588kB. Freeware + source 23 Nov 1999.

Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 194kB. Platforms: D2 , D3 , D4 , D5 , D6 , D7. Freeware + source 15 Jul 2006. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 799kB. Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5 , D6 , D7. Shareware 08 Aug 2011.

Codec suite : The library uses a codec class as basis. This codec class has routines to introduction cloning essay, decode or encode different kinds of audio data. Written By Mark? All codecs included in cloning essay your project are available through the global Audio object. The global Audio object creates and written auto-detects the input audio format. Audio player : The audio player plays data directly from a codec.

All features of essay, a player are included like pause, play, set position, volume, etc. It supports almost all kind of audio formats with only essay a few lines of code: Create the introduction essay, audio player object, attach an input codec and play. Audio converter : The audio converter converts data from essay one audio format to another using only a few lines of code: Create the cloning essay, audio player object, attach an input and at education output codec and convert. CD Ripper : The CD ripper reads the introduction cloning, content of the audio CD and it also retrieves the essay story about, cd information as title, artists, track names from the internet using cddb. The CD ripper can be used in combination with the audio player or converter. Codecs : The following codec classes are available: TAudioWAV: This codec handles uncompressed PCM data. TAudioACM: This codec handles ACM compressed wav audio. TAudioMP3: This codec compresses to cloning essay, MP3 using the famour LAME library TaudioWMA: This codec handles Windows Media Audio files. It can read and rejection essay write to WMA and essay MP3. Of Liberalism Essay? TAudioOGG: This codec handles OGG files. Cloning? TAudioFFMPEG: This codec is based on the FFMPEG library which can encode to thesis on solar, MP3, WMA and introduction cloning FLAC and decode from short about friendship virtually every source.

TCDAudioTrack: This codec is essay part of the short, CD Ripper and decodes the essay, audio track. Status: Fully functional Source: On purchase/registration price: $99 Source price: $199 Exe demo: included Size: 5 833kB. Platforms: D2006 , D2007 , D2009. Freeware + source 10 May 2002. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 56kB. Shareware 10 Mar 2004. Magic Audio CD Burner Includes all the sound of sense, features required by the developers in such software plus more, offering the reliability, stability and ease of essay, use in tomorrow the war affordable price.

Features: No DLL/ActiveX is introduction essay required, Compiles directly into Executable. Built-in ASPI Layer for of sense essay Windows NT, Windows 2000 and introduction Windows XP. Supports recording on essay short friendship, CD-R / CD-RW. Introduction Essay? DAO*, SAO* and TAO Writing methods support. Of Liberalism? On the fly burning of introduction cloning essay, wave, mp3, wma*, ogg* ** files. No disk space is required for temporary files. Sound Essay? Support Rewritable CDs operations. Tested with IDE/EIDE, USB, SCSI, Firewire CD/DVD Writers. High Performance File/Disc Caching. Cloning Essay? All Windows Versions (Except Windows 3.1x) supported. At Education? Easy to cloning, use.

Free Life time updates. Friendship? * Coming soon, ** DLL is required. Status: Partially restricted Source: On purchase/registration price: $250 Source price: $999 Exe demo: included Size: 2 656kB. Platforms: CB5 , CB6 , D4 , D5 , D6 , D7. Freeware + source 05 Sep 2000. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 147kB.

Platforms: D2 , D3 , D4 , D5. Freeware + source 20 Jan 1997. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 3kB. Platforms: D1 , D2. Freeware + source 10 Dec 2001. The MidiAction package requires that you installed the MIDI I/O Components package. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 14kB. Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5. GPLS 19 Mar 2016.

Supported MIDI file type : Standard MIDI file, MIDI Karaoke file, RIFF-based MIDI file. Package includes full source codes and introduction cloning essay Demo program with multi language support. You shold use Delphi 2009 or later version to use this package. Copyright (c) 2015 Silhwan Hyun. This Program is when quotes for a free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the introduction essay, terms of the GNU General Public License version 2. This Program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the story, implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the introduction cloning essay, GNU General Public License for more details. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 4 557kB. Platforms: D2009 , D2010 , DXE , DXE2 , DXE3 , DXE4 , DXE5 , DXE6 , DXE7 , DXE8. Freeware + source 19 Feb 2001.

Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 40kB. Platforms: D1 , D2 , D3. GPLS 01 Nov 2013. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 349kB. Freeware + source 28 May 2012.

Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 448kB. Platforms: D2005 , D2006 , D2007 , D2009 , D2010 , D4 , D5 , D6 , D7 , DXE , DXE2. Freeware + source 06 Mar 2004. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 65kB. Platforms: D5 , D6 , D7.

Freeware + source 05 Oct 1998. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 166kB. Freeware + source 29 Dec 2009. The main NewAC features include: Sound recording and playback. On Solar Energy? Decoding live MP3 and introduction cloning WMA audio streams from network servers. Written Twain? Broadcasting audio over cloning essay the network.

Encoding and decoding audio data in short friendship several formats (wav, mp3, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, WavPack, Monkey Audio, WMA (including WMA Lossless), TTA, OptimFROG, Musepack, TAK, DTS, AC-3). CD-ripping, CD playback. Essay? Sound editing and mixing. Audio files tags editing. Essay? 8, 16, 24, 32-bit sound support. Multi-channel audio support. Introduction Cloning? Full Unicode support on Delphi 2009 or later. At Education? Windows Vista DSP objects support. Introduction Essay? Extracting audio tracks from WMV and AVI, VOB files. On Solar? Audio resamling, filtering, frequency analysis. The main goal of NewAC is to essay, bring together several different sound storage and processing technologies, and to on solar, combine them into an easy to use Delphi framework.

NewAC 2.2.1 new features include ASIO support, DTS and AC-3 support, improved latency, improved FLAC and introduction WavPack formats handling. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 1 423kB. Platforms: D2005 , D2006 , D2007 , D2009 , D2010 , D6 , D7. Freeware + source 25 Sep 2001. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 85kB. Platforms: D2 , D3 , D4 , D5 , D6.

Freeware + source 28 May 2007. Suported these formats: PLS Playlist M3U Playlist BSPlayer Playlist (not Crypted) Light Alloy Playlist Media Player Classic Playlist Windows Media ASX Playlist. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 2kB. Platforms: CB5 , CB6 , D1 , D2 , D2005 , D2006 , D3 , D4 , D5 , D7. Freeware + source 26 Jun 2007. It is not intended to be used to about friendship, write sequencers, as it wouldn't help with MIDI-FILE operations or MIDI-IN handling. It's very useful if you want to make *algorithmic* music.

The component itself defines the data-space and cloning variable types for essay short most common musical attributes and handles all the introduction, code needed to at education, quickly use them. Elements handled include Pitch, Duration, Amplitude, Articulation, Transposition Factor and Hand Emulation (move locally or by interval). Chords are generated by default up to 6-note polyphony with no coding (or unlimited with minor coding, ie. your own variables) and can be generated by pitch-selection or by interval-selection (with in-depth weighting system). Full Delphi 7 EXE demo project included. Cloning Essay? To compile in earlier versions of Delphi, just ignore the new properties. Essay About Friendship? Users of Delphi 2 and 3 will need to remove the overloaded functions in order to cloning essay, compile the component. If you can't work out how to essays twain, do this (just remove the whole function that throws the error up : it's only a frill.) contact author. Introduction? Now contains a further two components: TRamugenPreset is a shorn-down version of Ramugen with just the bare bones, and on solar TMidiArray is a useful tool for working with musical phrases in Delphi. Ramugen now includes a TMidiArray as part of its functionality. Introduction Cloning Essay? TMidiArray handles musical phrases, with methods like AddNote, Reverse, Invert, Transpose, Shuffle, PlayPhrase, etc.

All the timer-handling is done for you - you just feed it the note-events and then tell it to start playing. Ramugen and TMidiArray now come with their own sets of events including note on/off, phrase on/off, engine start/stop. Full support is available via the website, including a full breakdown of the properties and essay methods. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 1 367kB. Platforms: D4 , D5 , D6 , D7.

Shareware 18 Apr 2015. The SignalLab is a set of introduction, components, based on OpenWire for fast Digital Signal Processing (DSP) , analysis and data visualization. Allows fast complex signal manipulations with zero lines of essay about friendship, program code. The library is fully multithreaded, utilizes well modern multi-core systems, and runs at full native performance. Also includes Visual Graphical Editor for Codeless Development and Visual Live Bindings . Signal Generators - Tone, Square, Triangle, ChainSaw, Jaehne, Random, Gauss, and introduction cloning essay user defined.

Transformations - Forward, and essay Inverse Fast and Discrete Fourier Transformations(FFT and cloning essay DFT), Discrete Cosine Transformation(DCT) over real and complex data, Median, Hilbert, Haar, Goertzel and more. FIR - Finite Impulse Response filter. IIR and BiQuad IIR - Infinite Impulse Response filters. Other Filters - LowPass, HighPass, BandPass, BandStop, DC Removal, Median, Delay and user defined filters. On Solar? Converters - convert between data types, polar, Cartesian representation, Conjugate, sample rates, power spectrum and more.

Noise Stats - Calculates the noise stats of essay, a signal. Arithmetic - Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide, signals, apply constants and window functions. Written By Mark Twain? Logger - stores Real, Integer or Complex data into a file. Player - plays Real, Integer or Complex data from a file. Cloning Essay? Switch - enables disables the data stream. Frost Of Sense? Snapshot - takes a snapshot(Sample) buffer of the essay, data Scope Component - data plotting component. Frost Sound Of Sense Essay? Waterfall Component - Waterfall component for Spectrum, FFT data representation. Introduction Cloning Essay? Composite components - Allows embedding component into frost sound of sense, each other. Status: Partially restricted Source: On purchase/registration price: $499 Source price: $1759 Exe demo: included Size: 1 729 606kB. Platforms: CB64 , CBXE6 , CBXE7 , CBXE8 , DXE6 , DXE64 , DXE7 , DXE8 , FM , FM2 , FM3.

Sound Recorder ActiveX Component v.1.0. Shareware 23 Mar 2007. Record the introduction, sound to WAV files. Thesis Energy? Support any audio codec installed in the system, including MP3,GSM,DSP,ADPCM and introduction essay many others. Essay? Constant gain control.

Automated gain control. Introduction Cloning Essay? Record from specified hardware. On Solar Energy? Pause and resume features. Introduction Essay? Learn about last error Convenient audio codec selection dialog box. Frost? Receive notifications about audio volume changes. Status: Partially restricted Source: On request price: $99.95 Size: 46kB. Platforms: C2k6 , CB1 , CB3 , CB4 , CB5 , CB6 , D1 , D2 , D2005 , D2006 , D2007 , D3 , D4 , D5 , D6 , D7. Freeware + source 22 Apr 2002. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 10kB.

Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5 , D6. Freeware + source 24 Apr 2004. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 2kB. Platforms: D5 , D6 , D7. Freeware + source 23 Mar 1999. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 197kB.

Platforms: CB1 , CB3 , D1 , D2 , D3. Freeware + source 25 May 1998. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 983kB. Platforms: CB1 , D2 , D3. Freeware + source 16 Jun 2014. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 465kB.

Platforms: D2005 , D2006 , D2007 , D2009 , D2010 , D7 , DXE , DXE2 , DXE3 , DXE4 , DXE5. Freeware + source 15 Aug 2010. TBASSPlayer supports most functions of BASS audio library (Please read BASS.txt and related document if you want to introduction, know more about essay at education, BASS audio library). TBASSPlayer can play the file formats supported by cloning essay BASS audio library such as, stream files (AAC, MP1, MP2, MP3, Ogg Vorbis, AIFF, WMA format) music files (MOD, MO3, IT, XM, S3M, MTM, MOD, UMX format) MIDI files (MID, MIDI, RMI, KAR format) CD Audio tracks URL stream (files from the internet and when quotes for a essay Shoutcast/Icecast) TBASSPlayer also supports BASS add-ons - plugin modules designed for BASS audio library which enables the playback of cloning, additional file formats. TBASSPlayer can play other file formats, which are none-BASS native, not supported by energy BASS add-ons, using Winamp input plug-ins.

You can load up to 8 BASS add-ons and up to 8 Winamp input plug-ins simultaneously for various file format. TBASSPlayer also supports followings: Winamp visualization plug-ins (supports the latest plug-in such as Milkdrop 2.0e) Winamp DSP plug-ins Winamp General Purpose plug-ins for Lyrics display Tag editor for introduction cloning AAC, WMA, MP3 and Ogg Vorbis file 10 Band Equalizer Sound effect (Flanger, Echo, Reverb, Rotation) Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 1 455kB. Platforms: D2006 , D2007 , D2009 , D2010 , D7. Shareware 04 Sep 2004. Methods and about friendship properties: Open: Initiallizes the CD and cloning essay its properties. PlayTrack(track): Plays a Track of the story friendship, CD. PlayFrom(Second): Plays the introduction cloning essay, CD from when for a a concrete second. Stop: Stops the playing. Pause: Pauses the playing.

Restart: Restarts the introduction essay, playing when paused. Next: Next track Previous: Previous track. Written? Eject: Opens the CDROM drive door. CloseDoor: Closes the CD drive door. CDForward(Seconds): Forwards the playing with the number of seconds passed into the parameter Seconds. CDRewind(Seconds): Rewinds the playing with the cloning essay, number of energy, seconds passed into the parameter Seconds. Cloning Essay? GetCurrentTrack: Returns the current track that is being played. Frost Essay? GetCurrentPosition: Returns the introduction cloning, current second that is being played. GetTrackLength (Track): Returns the duration in seconds of the track number passed into the parameter Track. GetTrackBegin (Track): Returns begining time in seconds of the track number passed into the parameter Track. GetTotalLength: Returns the total duration in story about seconds of the cloning, whole CD.

Active: Shows the state of the component (Active or not Active). Essay Short Story Friendship? Setting this property to true is the same that calling Open function. Essay? Tracks: Gives you the number of essays twain, tracks of the essay, current CD. On Solar? TotalLength: Gives you the total duration of the CD in seconds. Status: Fully functional Source: On purchase/registration price: $35 Size: 100kB. Platforms: CB1 , D2 , D3 , D4 , D5 , D6 , D7. Shareware 19 Jun 2006.

Status: Trial (work while IDE is running) Source: On purchase/registration price: $39 Source price: $59 Size: 185kB. Platforms: CB1 , D1 , D2 , D3 , D4 , D5 , D6 , D7. Freeware + source 08 Sep 2010. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 361kB. Platforms: D2005 , D2006 , D2007 , D2009 , D2010 , D7. Freeware + source 18 Feb 2002. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 162kB.

Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5 , D6. Freeware + source 18 Feb 2002. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 265kB. Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5 , D6. Freeware + source 18 Feb 2002. You can set up the soundwav to load either at cloning design time or run time, if you use the forms 'OnShow' event to tomorrow when the war began for a, preload the cloning, memory stream it will remove the at education, delay effect for introduction cloning the sounds first play. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 158kB.

Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5 , D6. Freeware + source 18 Feb 2002. You can set up the soundwav to load either at design time or run time, if you use the forms 'OnShow' event to preload the memory stream it will remove the delay effect for the sounds first play. The WaveFormatEx data for the file is retreived, Number of channels ie: mono stereo, Samples per tomorrow when for a essay, second in hertz, Average data transfer rate, in bytes per cloning essay, second, Block alignment in by mark bytes, Bits per second for introduction cloning essay the format type, Size of the file in essay short friendship bytes, and introduction cloning duration of play. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 200kB. Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5 , D6. Freeware + source 26 Jul 2001.

Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 11kB. Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5 , D6. Freeware + source 18 Oct 2001. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 10kB. Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5 , D6. Freeware + source 26 Jan 2006. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 1 922kB. Platforms: CB5 , D2005 , D2006 , D3 , D4 , D5 , D7.

Freeware + source 04 Jun 2002. TMidiGen provides: 175 instruments available from the vast majority of sound cards. Advanced Pitch Bend, Modulation, Sustain, Chorus and Reverb effects. Easy Volume and thesis energy Pan adjustment. Simple method of cloning, playing individual notes. Note sequences can be assembled in essay strings to provide chords and introduction cloning essay tunes. Sound duration variable in 10mS steps. Easy creation of sound loops.

Demo application and help file included. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 381kB. Platforms: CB4 , CB5 , CB6 , D4 , D5 , D6. Freeware + source 15 Mar 2001. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 33kB. Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5.

Freeware + source 15 Feb 2013. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 2 263kB. Platforms: D2005 , D2006 , D2007 , D2009 , D2010 , D7 , DXE , DXE2 , DXE3. Freeware + source 10 Sep 2001. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 20kB. Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5 , D6.

Freeware + source 08 Nov 2001. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 163kB. Platforms: D2 , D3 , D4 , D5 , D6. Freeware + source 01 Sep 2001. Reading support for rejection ID3v2.3.x tags. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 31kB. Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5 , D6. Freeware + source 21 Jun 2002. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 702kB. Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5 , D6. Freeware + source 16 Aug 2001.

File info: file size, channel mode, sample rate, duration, bit rate. Tag info: title, artist, album, track, date, genre, comment, vendor. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 10kB. Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5 , D6. Freeware + source 02 Jun 1997. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 3kB.

Freeware + source 19 Jul 2000. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 78kB. Platforms: D1 , D2 , D2005 , D3 , D4 , D5 , D6 , D7. Freeware + source 07 Aug 2001. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 9kB. Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5 , D6.

Freeware + source 05 Sep 1997. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 5kB. Freeware + source 01 Jun 1998. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 69kB. Platforms: D2 , D3. Freeware + source 04 Feb 1999. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 12kB. Platforms: D3 , D4. Freeware + source 18 Apr 2004.

Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 6kB. TWave class, TWavwPlayer, TSndBitBtn TImageSnd. Freeware + source 28 Mar 1996. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 18kB. Freeware + source 01 Aug 2001. Info: channel mode, sample rate, bits per sample, file size, duration. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 7kB. Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5 , D6. Shareware 04 Sep 2004.

Methods and properties: Filename: This is the cloning, name of the output sound file. Essay Story About Friendship? (i.e: c:mysound.wav) Showerror: This property lets you choose if the cloning, component is on solar energy going to show its own error messages. WAVFormat: Format of the introduction cloning essay, output sound file. You only written by mark have to specify 3 characteristics of the format (instead of cloning essay, all the variables that has the class TWaveFormatEx): Channels: Number of channels (Mono=1, Stereo=2). Essay? BitsPerSample: The number of bits per sample of the output sound file. It can only introduction cloning be 8 or 16. Story? SamplesPerSec: The number of samples per second of the output sound file (the frequency). Usually: 11025, 22050, 44100 (CD). BeginRecording: Begins the recording of the sound file using the format specified in cloning essay the WAVFormat property. It has no parameters. StopRecording: Stops the recording of the sound file (you have to call the essay, function BeginRecording previously).

It has no parameters. Status: Fully functional Source: On purchase/registration price: $30 Size: 68kB. Platforms: CB1 , D2 , D3 , D4 , D5 , D6 , D7. Freeware + source 16 Apr 1998. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 2kB.

Freeware + source 06 May 2002. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 9kB. Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5 , D6. Freeware + source 08 Feb 2011. TWMAFile2 also has the properties to show the WMA file information such as bitrate, samplingrate. Package includes a demo program to show you the usage of introduction cloning essay, TWMAFile2 unit. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Exe demo: included Size: 821kB. Platforms: D2005 , D2006 , D2007 , D2009 , D2010 , D7. Freeware + source 26 Jan 2005.

VST stands for Virtual Studio Technology and is an audio effect standard interface developed by Steinberg Media GmbH. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 190kB. Platforms: D5 , D6 , D7. Freeware + source 13 Oct 2011. The package's components are: TMultimediaTimer: Is a high resolution timer. Sound Of Sense? TAudioMixer: Provides an easy interface to manage audio mixer controls. TWaveStorage: Stores a single wave audio and cloning essay provides some basic manipulation functions. Frost Essay? TWaveCollection: Stores a collection of cloning essay, wave audio's as resource and provides access to their informational fields. Thesis On Solar? TAudioPlayer: Plays a wave audio, which is stored in the component. TAudioRecorder: Records wave audio and stores it in the component.

TStockAudioPlayer: Plays wave audio from a TWaveStorage or TWaveCollection component, a stream, or a file. Introduction? TStockAudioRecorder: Records wave audio to a TWaveStorage or TWaveCollection component, a stream, or a file. TLiveAudioPlayer: Plays wave audio from essay at education user defined buffers. Cloning? TLiveAudioRecorder: Records wave audio to essay short, user defined buffers. TAudioRedirector: Records wave audio from an input audio device and plays it back on an output audio device. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 117kB. Platforms: D2005 , D2006 , D2007 , D2009 , D2010 , D3 , D4 , D5 , D6 , D7. Freeware + source 19 May 1998.

Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 25kB. Freeware + source 13 Jul 2000. Status: Fully functional Source: Included Size: 22kB. Platforms: D3 , D4 , D5 , D6 , D7. Sign-up for introduction Torry newsletter and essay short friendship get free component pack ! The Ultimate Source of introduction cloning, Object Pascal and Delphi Programming Knowledge.

The most powerful anti-Obama essay ever. ‘..This is the Post-American, Anti-American and UnAmerican campaign to divide up, carve up and essay, toss aside the the war quotes for a essay laws and cloning essay, traditions of the United States and replace them with the power of thesis on solar arrogance. It is the last stand of a beleaguered nation facing barbarians inside its gate. Every previous election was a contest between two American candidates who wanted to preside over the United States. This is an election contest between the introduction essay United States and rejection, an emerging Post-American order.

That entity will be an American EU run by unelected bureaucrats, governed by politically correct technocrats and upheld by cloning corrupt financial pirates disguising the collective bankruptcy with numbers games so elaborate that they make every billion-dollar con game and pyramid scheme that has come before seem as simple as child’s play…’ 15 Responses to The most powerful anti-Obama essay ever. “‘…The true insidious evil of the man is that he is the essays by mark face of a machine of power and introduction essay, privilege that turns Americans into UnAmericans, that corrupts and degrades every ideal and principle, suborns every office and picks every pocket, while wrapping that thievery in the flag and every bit of thesis on solar energy history that it can filch…” Wow,he definitely pegged it with that one!Great blog too,this piece explains the pecking order of the various victims- Excellent remarks in that quotation that I agree with 100%, but such is the nature of cloning essay “The Big Lie” of the essays written twain elite Leftist psychopath-ruling class, and as old soldiers in the long global war against socialism, I think we should address ourselves to “The Big Truth” and use it with aggressive intent to destroy the Left.

…and we should never forget the big history lesson of the 1930s – the enemy within – THE TRAITOR – is more dangerous than the cloning one outside the city gate. The Left in story about friendship, our various countries has no trouble with making us their MAIN ENEMY. We should return the favor in spades – and do whatever in our power rid them of any influence over our free and independent lives. Absolutely, Ronbo. Essay? But it’s an uphill battle, when they control the schools and the media. …and we control the big ideas based on reason, facts and logic. This called “common sense” by the independent and increasingly not silent majority….at least in the USA. As for the elites in essay, academia, the bureaucrats, the Leftist politicians and introduction, their stinking dead corpse of socialism – like all great “Tower of Babel” plans for world conquest they are doomed to essay, failure. Remember the late, great Soviet Union? In 1975 I read a classified U.S. Army War College document (long since declassified) that predicted the introduction collapse of the Evil Empire before the start of the 21st century.

…and I well remember being laughed at when the war quotes essay by our Colonel and the most of the cloning staff of Field Station Berlin when I read it before the Monday OB (Order of Battle) meeting – and was ordered to stick to essay at education, the EOB (Electronic Order of Battle) for the GSFG (Group Soviet Forces Germany) that our section was responsible. I will never forget the colonel’s comments on this report: “The Russians have a first class military establishment…so what difference does tyranny, poverty and introduction cloning, the nationalities problems make? Like Prussia of old, Russia is not a country with an army, it’s an army with a country! And as long as there are Russian troops willing to fire on their fellow countrymen – and to date this has always been the case – the energy Communists will stay in charge until well into introduction, 21st century…and maybe forever.” Then 1989 – not 15 years later – the Berlin Wall bit the dust… My point is that our enemy giant has feet of essay story clay and no clothes to hide his naked tyranny. Essay? He believes his own lies and essay at education, propaganda that he has nearly won the socialist conquest of the planet.

But what he doesn’t understand is that all over this great big world all he has accomplished is to cloning essay, wake up the real giant and filled him with a terrible resolve. This is the Battle of the Ardennes once again and Hitler’s panzers are about ready to get their butts kicked by General Patton… About the same time that came out I read a book called: Inside The Soviet Army by essays written twain Viktor Suvorov . What the book revealed was though the introduction cloning essay Soviet Army looked strong on paper, it was poorly trained and poorly equipped. It really was a paper tiger. Obama and the left is doing to the US Military what the at education Soviets did to their military. If re-elected it will get worse. Those of us who do remember the lessons of the introduction essay past are a dying breed. About? We have always fought the uphill battles. And many of those in the generations following us have been molded by design into a breed of near perfect subjects who will follow the much easier down hill path of least resistance, even against tyranny. This is a wonderful essay which I will be sharing as far #038; wide as possible.

Here’s a link to PJTV’s Trifecta crew on cloning essay exactly this subject. Harry Reid is the south-facing end of a north-bound horse, and I’ve heard he’s also a kiddie-fiddler. On the essay plane on the way home, I watched The Avengers (largely on the recommendation of the Trifecta crew). It isn’t my usual fare, but I’m damned glad I did. It’s chock full of references to essay, the current landscape, and I’m shocked it even got made at this time. The premise of the movie is that Nick Fury of S.H.I.E.L.D. brings together a team of super humans (Iron Man, The Hulk, Hawkeye, Captain America, Natasha Romanoff and Thor) to essay, form The Avengers to help save the Earth from introduction cloning Loki and tomorrow when quotes for a, his army. Not much of an introduction essay analogy there to current events, right? Well, in the movie, Loki wants to rule the earth. See from the following quotes if you can see any resemblance to anyone on the political landscape.

Also, the Captain America character is a throw-back to what made America exceptional. Some of his quotes are superb and offer great insight. Loki: I am Loki, of Asgard. And I am burdened with glorious purpose. Nick Fury: We have no quarrel with your people. Loki: The ant has no quarrel with the on solar boot.

Loki: [to crowd] Kneel before me. I said… KNEEL! Is not this simpler? Is this not your natural state? It’s the unspoken truth of humanity that you crave subjugation.

The bright lure of freedom diminishes your life’s joy in a mad scramble for power. For identity. Cloning Essay? You were made to be ruled. In the essay end, you will always kneel. German Old Man: [Stands] Not to men like you. Loki: There are no men like me. German Old Man: There are always men like you. Loki: Look to your elder, people. Let him be an example. [Loki is about to execute him with his scepter when Steve intervenes, in full Captain America uniform]

Steve Rogers: You know, the introduction cloning last time I was in energy, Germany and introduction cloning essay, saw a man standing above everybody else, we ended up disagreeing. [Captain America puts on a parachute to go follow after Thor, Loki and Iron Man] Natasha Romanoff: I’d sit this one out, Cap. Natasha Romanoff: These guys come from legend, Captain. They’re basically gods. Steve Rogers: There’s only one God, ma’am, and I’m pretty sure he doesn’t dress like *that* . [Captain America leaps out of the Quinjet] Now, I’m not suggesting for a second that Mitt Romney is Captain America, but i do think he represents something about traditional American values and essay, family which His Imperial Majesty does not. As Mark Levin says, this is not a “normal” election. Introduction? This election will decide whether Americans still want their Constitutional Republic. I think we’re at the point which Franklin foresaw when he said they have given the people a Republic, if they can keep it. Sorry for the long comments (above and rejection of liberalism, this one following).

Governor Palin has also penned some pretty powerful words on the topic of His Imperial Majesty, on introduction cloning essay her Facebook page: For those not possessed of (by?) a Facebook account, here it is in full: Congratulations to the war began essay, Mitt Romney on his choice of Congressman Paul Ryan as his running mate. President Obama has declared that this election is about “two fundamentally different visions” for introduction cloning essay America. Sound? Goodness, he’s got that right. Our country cannot afford four more years of Barack Obama’s fundamentally flawed vision. We must now look to cloning, this new team, the Romney/Ryan ticket, to provide an alternate vision of an America that is thesis on solar energy, fiscally responsible, strong, and prosperous – an America that understands and is proud of her exceptional place in the world and cloning, will respect those who fight to rejection essay, secure that exceptionalism, which includes keeping our promises to introduction, our veterans.

When I think about the essay direction our country is rapidly drifting in, I can’t help but look at California as a cautionary tale. The Golden State once boasted the introduction cloning essay entrepreneurial innovation of Silicon Valley, the frost American creative engine of the arts, economically powerful and beautiful cities from San Francisco to cloning, San Diego, and fertile farmlands that helped feed the nation. Tomorrow When Began Quotes? Now it is introduction essay, descending into essay at education, financial ruin accompanied by essay an exodus of middle class Californians leaving for other states. As one writer put it, California’s “fastest-growing entity is government and its biggest product is red tape.” Obama’s vision for America will make the rest of the country look like California, minus the beautiful scenery and warm weather. Obama’s America is today’s California – complete with $100 billion taxpayer funded bullet trains to nowhere; out of control environmental extremists who have destroyed family farms and left some of the most fertile farm land in America fallow in order to protect a three inch fish; permanent high unemployment; government policies hostile to small business job creators; crippling high taxes; an abysmal real estate market; bloated government that wastes taxpayer money; endless budget shortfalls due to massive unfunded liabilities; city after city declaring bankruptcy; and a state government run by, in the words of one Wall Street Journal writer, “a brothel of environmentalists, lawyers, public-sector unions and legislative bums.”

We can’t afford Obama’s vision. Our children can’t afford it. Today we are over at education $15 trillion in introduction, debt and running up trillion dollar budget deficits year after year for as far as the eye can see. And our “leaders” have no plan to stop it! President Obama and this Congress don’t even have the fundamental blueprint—a budget!—to outline where they intend to take us as they merrily roll along with their out of control spending and constant increases of essay our debt “limit.” Our debt to China alone is more than we can ever hope to pay off in multiple generations. Such debt and dependence on foreign nations weakens us in countless ways.

And yet our government keeps on spending despite the risks and despite conscientious, hardworking citizens telling them to just stop it. Cloning Essay? Our debt is growing by $3 million per minute. This debt, in conjunction with Obama’s massive government over-reaches like Obamacare, has strangled the private sector, which in turn has stifled job growth and slowed all economic growth. The only way to written by mark, get our country moving again is to get back to basics like normal people do with our home and small business budgets! That means we must live within our means, get government out of the way of our job creators, develop the God-given natural resources we have been blessed with to essay, provide real jobs and real energy security, and stop growing government and wasting taxpayer money on D.C. cronyism and rejection, useless stimulus kick-backs for favored donors. Barack Obama’s record is one of dismal failure, which is why he isn’t talking about it. He would rather spend his time demonizing his opponents. The simple fact remains that Mitt Romney is introduction cloning essay, not responsible for the dire state of our economy or the corruption and incompetence of the current administration. Over the next 86 days, Barack Obama will try to distract us from his record. Essay At Education? Many in the media will roll along with him in this mission. We must not let them continue the deception and distractions, and we must not be afraid to call the President out on cloning his lies.

His entire record in office exposes the false promises he made four years ago. Essays By Mark Twain? So, let’s take a moment to remember what candidate Obama said just four short years ago. Candidate Obama promised us fiscal prudence. But President Obama’s reckless spending and lack of fiscal leadership has led to the downgrading of introduction cloning essay our nation’s credit rating for the first time in history. Candidate Obama decried reckless spending and promised to at education, cut the deficit.

But President Obama and those in Congress who control the introduction cloning purse strings and “go along to rejection of liberalism, get along” have tripled it. President Obama’s proposed budget was so absurdly and wildly irresponsible that not one member of Congress, Republican or Democrat, voted in favor of it. And yet the Democrat controlled Senate still refuses to pass a budget itself, and this refusal has been going on for years now. That is irresponsible and, much more, it’s unconstitutional. Candidate Obama promised us a “smarter government,” but President Obama has created a government that’s not too big to fail, but too big to succeed. Candidate Obama promised us a plan for American energy independence. But President Obama has forced American taxpayers to subsidize bankrupt green energy companies with ties to his campaign donors. And when it comes to the energy we actually use to fuel our economy, President Obama’s administration blocks drilling and drags its feet on the permitting process. Meanwhile, he supports foreign energy developments, but not American made energy development.

His administration opposes everything from drilling in ANWR to building the Keystone Pipeline to coal plants, but he’s all for subsidizing offshore drilling in Brazil and sitting back on his thumb while China moves in to pursue oil deals with Canada because his administration blocked responsible energy infrastructure development. Candidate Obama promised us “the most transparent administration in cloning essay, history.” But in rejection of liberalism essay, addition to introduction, refusing FOIA-requested documents, President Obama’s administration regularly holds meetings outside the White House and written, off the official White House visitor list with lobbyists and corporate interests they don’t want us to know about. Candidate Obama promised to unite all America, but President Obama has cynically divided us again and again in his efforts to introduction essay, win reelection by playing identity politics and tomorrow when began for a essay, class warfare and pitting one group against another. Candidate Obama promised us a “fundamentally transformed” America, and essay, that is the only promise he’s delivered on. We can see now what his idea of “hope” is. Now we want change. He has failed to lead, so We the People must lead. And our leadership starts at essay about the ballot box on November 6th. Please continue to cloning, focus on the presidential race and on helping Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan, but it’s also imperative that we get involved in the nation’s important House and Senate races. These candidates need our help to ensure that our next president has a responsible and thesis on solar, ethical Congress that actually gets things done for essay America.

Now on to November! Thanks for the comments, GG. I’d never have seen the Palin one otherwise. Throughout my life the United States has been a pillar, a rock in on solar energy, a turbulent world. I never imagined that this great nation, once gold and silver would fall so far, so quickly into rust enfeebled corrosion. Me neither, Flashy.

Rust implies there is still some Iron present,sadly all I see from my end is paper Obama and introduction cloning, his ilk have wiped with.

2012 Person of the Year: Barack Obama, the President. The campaign wasn’t pretty, and the economy worse. but he reasserted himself as a potent architect for a changing America. Twenty-seven years after driving from New York City to Chicago in a $2,000 Honda Civic for a job that probably wouldn’t amount to much, Barack Obama, in cloning essay, better shape but with grayer hair, stood in essay short about friendship, the presidential suite on the top floor of the Fairmont Millennium Park hotel as flat screens announced his re-election as President of the introduction, United States. Rejection Of Liberalism? The networks called Ohio earlier than predicted, so his aides had to hightail it down the hall to join his family and friends. They encountered a room of high fives and fist pumps, hugs and relief. The final days of any campaign can alter the psyches of even the most experienced political pros. At some point, there is nothing to do but wait.

Members of Obama’s team responded in the only rational way available to introduction cloning essay, them — by acting irrationally. They turned neckties into magic charms and facial hair into a talisman and compulsively repeated past behaviors so as not to jinx what seemed to be working. In Boca Raton, Fla., before the last debate, they dispatched advance staff to find a greasy-spoon diner because they had eaten at a similar joint before the second debate, on New York’s Long Island. Essays By Mark? They sent senior strategist David Axelrod a photograph of the tie he had to find to introduction cloning essay, wear on election night: the same one he wore in 2008. Several staffers on Air Force One stopped shaving, like big-league hitters in the playoffs.

Even the President succumbed, playing basketball on essay short, Election Day at the same court he played on before winning in 2008. But now it was done, and reason had returned. Ever since the campaign computers started raising the cloning essay, odds of victory from near even to something like surefire, Obama had been thinking a lot about what it meant to win without the lightning-in-a-bottle quality of that first national campaign. The Obama effect was not ephemeral anymore, no longer reducible to what had once been mocked as “that hopey-changey stuff.” It could be measured — in wars stopped and started; industries saved, restructured or reregulated; tax cuts extended; debt levels inflated; terrorists killed; the essay friendship, health-insurance system reimagined; and gay service members who could walk in uniform with their partners. It could be seen in the new faces who waited hours to vote and in the new ways campaigns are run. America debated and decided this year: history would not record Obama’s presidency as a fluke. So after his staff arrived, he left his family in the main room of the suite and stepped out to talk with his three top advisers, Axelrod, political strategist David Plouffe and Jim Messina, his campaign manager. He wanted to cloning essay, tell them what this victory meant, because it was very different the second time. “This one’s more satisfying than ’08,” he said. “It wasn’t just about what I was going to do as President. Essay Short Story? It’s what I’ve done.” In the end, the outcome would not even be very close, and this realization was sinking in, unleashing something, dropping a shield he had been carrying for a long time.

Over three days in November, the cloning, man known for his preternatural cool won re-election and cried twice in public. And then, trying to find meaning in a tragedy in frost sound of sense essay, Connecticut, he did it again, all but breaking down in the White House Briefing Room. In mid-December, as Obama settles into one of the Oval Office’s reupholstered chairs — brown leather instead of Bush’s blue and essay gold candy stripes — the validation of Election Day still hovers around him, suggesting that his second four years in office may turn out to be quite different from his first. Beyond the Oval Office, overwhelming challenges remain: deadlocked fiscal-cliff talks; a Federal Reserve that predicts years of high unemployment; and thesis energy more unrest in places like Athens, Cairo and Damascus. But the President seems unbound and gives inklings of an ambition he has kept in check ever since he arrived at the White House to find a nation in crisis. He leans back, tea at his side, legs crossed, to explain what he thinks just happened. “It was easy to think that maybe 2008 was the anomaly,” he says. “And I think 2012 was an indication that, no, this is not an anomaly. We’ve gone through a very difficult time.

The American people have rightly been frustrated at the pace of change, and the economy is introduction cloning essay, still struggling, and this President we elected is imperfect. And yet despite all that, this is who we want to thesis, be.” He smiles. Introduction? “That’s a good thing.” Bjarne Jonasson for essay, TIME. The Campaign Team : David Simas ran Obama’s opinion-research team, including focus groups; Stephanie Cutter managed the daily effort to defend Obama and dismantle Romney; David Axelrod , co-author of the cloning, Obama campaign story, oversaw the entire strategy from Chicago; Jim Messina , the campaign manager, designed, built and ran the whole campaign from scratch; Jim Margolis , the TV adman, relentlessly bombarded swing-state airwaves for months; Jeremy Bird , the grassroots organizer, created a smarter, larger Obama army than in written, 2008. Two years ago, Republicans liked to say that the only hard thing Obama ever did right was beating Hillary Clinton in the primary, and in essay, electoral terms, there was some truth to essay at education, that. In 2012 the GOP hoped to introduction cloning essay, cast him as an inspiring guy who was not up to the job. But now we know the difference between the wish and essay the thing, the introduction essay, hype and the man in the office. Essay Story About Friendship? He stands somewhat shorter, having won 4 million fewer votes and two fewer states than in 2008. Cloning? But his 5 million-vote margin of victory out of story about friendship 129 million ballots cast shocked experts in both parties, and it probably would have been higher had so much of essay New York and New Jersey not stayed home after Hurricane Sandy. He won many of the at education, toughest battlegrounds walking away: Virginia by 4 points, Colorado by 5 and the lily white states of cloning Iowa and essay story about friendship New Hampshire by 6. He untied Ohio’s knotty heartland politics, picked the introduction cloning essay, Republican lock on Florida Cubans and won Paul Ryan’s hometown of Janesville, Wis. (Those last two data points especially caught the essays, President’s interest.) He will take the cloning essay, oath on Jan. 20 as the rejection, first Democrat in more than 75 years to get a majority of the popular vote twice. Only five other Presidents have done that in all of U.S. history.

With a focus on compassion, the leader of the Catholic Church has become a new voice of conscience. Managing Editor Nancy Gibbs explains why Francis is TIME#8217;s pick for Person of the Year 2013. Introduction Cloning Essay? One year told in tomorrow for a, fast forward. Remembering Those We Lost in 2013. Introduction Cloning Essay? See what @TIME users have to say about essay friendship, Pope Francis being selected as the 2013 Person of the Year.

Adam, the Fall, and Original Sin: A Review Essay. Stephen N. Williams. Stephen Williams is professor of introduction, systematic theology at Union Theological College in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and served as general editor of Themelios from essay, 1995 to 1999. The contributors to Adam, the Fall, and Original Sin rightly maintain the traditional view of the historicity of introduction, Adam and tomorrow when the war for a essay, the entry of sin into the world through him. However, the account displays three weaknesses. Firstly, the introduction cloning essay inerrant authority of Scripture is sometimes interpreted as entailing that the Ancient Near Eastern context of Genesis sheds no light on how it should be read. Secondly, the question of why humans are justly condemned for the sin of Adam is never answered. Thirdly, no ground for dialogue with science is provided. It is more successful in began quotes indicating what we should affirm than in grappling with the difficulties of affirming it. Tritely told, the story goes like this. Religious belief, in its very principle, is a matter of opinion, and when opinion is converted into dogmatism, that has been and is a recipe for social conflict.

Scientific belief may, in practice, also be a matter of opinion, but it possesses what religious belief does not: the capacity to be based on evidence which may amount to knowledge. It provides a basis for introduction cloning essay, social well-being. Science is the product of reason; religion is the product of faith. So much for principle. Thesis On Solar? As for application, Darwinism has long demonstrated the broad scope and mechanism of our evolutionary history and decisively undermined biblical anthropology. There is a choice: a faith-based religious anthropology or a reason-based neo-Darwinian anthropology. It is obvious which constitutes the intellectually responsible option. An historical Adam, fall and introduction essay, original sin does not.

Hans Madueme and Michael Reeves have gathered together a team of authors resolved to combat this position, not in the spirit of those who merely do not wish to cede this particular piece of territory but with the conviction of those who regard this combat more or less as a battle for the war began, the existence of introduction, Christianity.1 Their aim is to persuade, but the audience is strictly limited; one of the essay at education essayists, Carl Trueman, justifiably says that he assumes ‘that this volume is aimed primarily at a Protestant evangelical readership’. It is aimed at this audience because self-regarding evangelicals are now among those taking up positions once associated with non-evangelicals, specifically when they question the historicity of Adam and Eve. Hence, in introduction cloning essay part 1, the contributors deal with Adam and Eve in the Bible. Rather than jump from energy, that point into original sin in Scripture, an cloning essay, essay on ‘Adam and Modern Science’ closes this part before the written second part of the volume traces the introduction cloning essay doctrine of original sin in the history of theology. Then come four essays which concentrate on the substantive theological question of original sin in our day before a fourth and final part deals again with biblical materials not in order to investigate their witness to the historicity of Adam but to examine what they say about the fall. Rejection Of Liberalism? The closing essay is on ‘Adam, History and Theodicy’. I am grateful for the invitation to write an article review of this volume. Introduction Cloning Essay? It is a little unusual for someone whose published commendation of a volume appears on the volume itself to be reviewing it. On the basis of correspondence extending over two or three years, by now, Hans knows that we differ on some significant points and it is essay at education not only gracious but also a sign of transparency on introduction cloning, his part to promote this exchange in Themelios . If I concentrate on points of difference, it is only because this best serves our present purpose. Some essays are stronger than others, but I shall not be trumpeting my opinion on the quality of individual essays.

It is as well to place my commendatory cards on the table from the outset. On the question of the historical existence of short story about, Adam and the entry of sin into the world through him, I believe that the tradition both rightly interprets Scripture and rightly stands theologically by its teachings. Here, I find that the volume is introduction persuasive, and at education, I am now happy to introduction cloning essay say so. Written Twain? C. John Collins and Robert Yarbrough get us off to a good start, their chapters laying down the solid foundations on which subsequent theological exploration can be built. After a study of Genesis 1–5, Collins describes the way in which ‘the rest of the Old Testament refers to, evokes, or presupposes the story of Adam and introduction essay, Eve’ (p. 5). Written Twain? Crucial to this argument is the introduction essay claim that OT materials demonstrate this reference even when the story is not explicitly cited. A sample of extra-biblical Jewish writings from the Second Temple period interprets the Genesis story similarly, so ‘the whole Old Testament story presupposes the historical significance of Adam and rejection of liberalism, Eve as the fountainhead of humanity and as the doorway by which sin came into God’s world’ (p. Essay? 5).

Robert Yarbrough follows this through in essays by mark twain relation to the NT, establishing the continuity between Pauline and OT presuppositions in relation to the role of Adam in the entry of sin into the world. Their common hermeneutic enables these two essays to introduction provide a united front; as Yarbrough puts it, ‘paucity of direct reference to Adam is no necessary indicator of his significance’ (p. 41). I have plunged into this account off the springboard of my published commendation of thesis on solar energy, this volume. Essay? Let me now plunge into twain demurral, a rather nasty-sounding metaphor which is not designed to signal a nasty-spirited response. While Collins and Yarbrough persuasively show why we should demur from Peter Enns’s conclusion that Paul is introduction giving an account of Adam discontinuous with that of the OT, the essay which sets out most deliberately to tackle Peter Enns, namely James Hamilton’s later contribution on ‘Original Sin in Biblical Theology’ in the third part of the volume, fails to come to effective grips with Enns’s reasoning in some key areas. As Enns figures prominently in the preface of this volume, it is appropriate to linger here.

Consistently with the earlier essays, Hamilton emphasizes against Enns the distinction between telling and showing and frost of sense, the way in which narratives work. He is surely right, as he is to challenge Enns’s exegetical dogmatism on such a text as Hosea 6:7 (pp. 201–2). However, it seems to essay me that there are three difficulties in Hamilton’s criticism of Enns. Firstly, it is misleading to say that Enns ‘ignores the way the biblical authors are assuming and operating within the essay world as Moses has defined it’ (p. 204).

Enns does not ignore it; the introduction cloning essay fact of the matter is that, on critical grounds, he has a different view of Pentateuchal authorship and dating from that of Hamilton, whose view he regards as demonstrably improbable in the extreme. As far as Enns is concerned, we do not know who wrote, e.g., Deuteronomy; it could have been anyone up to and including Ezra.2 If we do not understand the OT as a whole in its post-exilic setting, on which there is at education considerable scholarly consensus, we shall not understand what it is introduction essay trying to do and that includes what is going on in its opening chapters. Essay? In sum, since Moses did not define the world in which the introduction cloning biblical authors are operating, there is nothing to ignore. That is Enns’s position. Secondly, there seems to essay be a vast methodological gulf between Hamilton and Enns and it seems to me that Hamilton is on the wrong side of that gulf, so that his earlier hermeneutical gain is offset by hermeneutical loss. I allude to Hamilton’s claim that ‘[t]he only access we have to what the introduction cloning essay biblical authors thought or assumed is what they wrote’ (p. 189). This is deeply problematic. If the essay claim were that, de facto , we know too little about the ANE background of the introduction essay OT for it to cast any light on what biblical authors thought or assumed, that would be one thing and contentious enough at energy, that. However, the point seems to be one of methodological principle and, as such, presumably amounts to the claim that the cloning Bible is an exception to rules of thesis, general hermeneutics. This seems to rule out groundlessly and mistakenly the possibility of introduction cloning essay, interpreting biblical authors in their cultural (ANE) context.

There is certainly plenty to discuss in relation to frost how ANE and canonical contexts should be related, but why should a ‘high’ view of biblical inspiration entail the claim that a writer’s thought or assumptions is accessible only introduction, through what he writes? If space prevents Hamilton from giving a hermeneutical account, at least the hermeneutical disagreement with Enns ought to be couched explicitly not only in terms of the distinction between telling and showing, but also in terms of reading Genesis against its ANE background. Certainly, Enns emphasizes ANE background, observing that ‘[i]t is routinely understood, even by conservative interpreters, that the cultural context of Scripture informs our understanding of Scripture’.3. Have I fairly represented Hamilton’s position? If I am missing something, at least my comments bring into view an of sense, apparently similar attitude by essay a later essayist. Noel Weeks, in his essay on ‘The Fall and Genesis 3’, refuses to interpret the early chapters of written by mark twain, Genesis in conjectural terms derived from ANE Egyptian or Mesopotamian texts. He states his principle like this: ‘Rather than conjectures, we have to introduction essay go to the text itself to know what it means. Belief in the divine inspiration of Scripture would lead us to that approach anyway’ (p. 292).

This is to confuse issues of authority with issues of interpretation. Belief in the divine inspiration of about, Scripture is belief in its authority, but such a belief neither prescribes nor suggests such a hermeneutic. Introduction Essay? True, we should not build anything on conjecture, but that is different from apparently dividing up the hermeneutical world into what is conjectured and what is in the text. The same problem arises when Weeks proceeds to comment that he is not ‘adopting the canonical approach of Brevard Childs, for that method presupposes an earlier chaotic history for essays written twain, the text but ignores that history because it leads into a chaos of conjecture from which no meaningful interpretation can emerge’ (p. 292). Certainly, when it comes to the de facto critical investigation of the OT, there has long been sufficient chaotic speculation out there to tempt us to think that the whole enterprise is radically unstable de jure . However, the proper response is a rigorous appropriation and hermeneutical use of ANE and extra-biblical materials, not what looks like an attempt to seal off the biblical world hermeneutically, an impossibility in any case if we are going to read the original languages. Thirdly, returning to Hamilton, it is tendentious and emotive to introduction cloning essay say that Enns seeks the kind of synthesis between the Bible and evolution ‘where the Bible bows the knee to evolution’ in practice (p. 196). In context, this claim is connected with the first two points and it is essay story about worth adding that Enns’s treatment of universality and particularity in the relevant Genesis account is a little more nuanced than Hamilton implies.4 Enns certainly does highlight the evolutionary factor in his approach to the biblical text.

This review is not the place to evaluate the way in introduction which he sets about a synthesizing operation. To be useful, such an evaluation would have to be suspended on an account of how this synthesizing procedure is rejection related both to his exegetical practice and to his view of the nature of biblical authority. I note here only that it is one hermeneutical thing to read the Bible against its ANE background, knowledge of which might directly inform our reading of the text, another hermeneutical thing to read it against the background of introduction cloning essay, a scientific view, knowledge of which should not directly shape our reading. For example, in principle the ANE material may help me to interpret the biblical material by disclosing to me the tomorrow began quotes world of the biblical writer; contemporary scientific views do not attain that. However, if I am convinced both of some current scientific position and of biblical inerrancy, I shall believe that a prima facie reading of the biblical text which contradicts that scientific position has to be revised. This, as such, is not to cloning essay bow the knee; it is to seek the frost sound integration of beliefs and to allow that it is my interpretation of the Bible, not the Bible itself, that needs correction. What science can do is to help me to read the Bible on its own terms (which includes in its own context); it does not dictate the reading. It goes without saying that this operates equally vice versa : if I am convinced both of biblical inerrancy and the correctness of a biblical interpretation, it is the introduction cloning prima facie scientific account that has to be reassessed in the event of collision.

I am not comprehensively evaluating here what Enns is sound essay doing overall; the introduction cloning question of his attitude to biblical authority in this context is most tellingly focussed on his treatment of Paul. But what would Hamilton make of the at education accusation that to deny that Joshua really meant that the sun stood still is to bow the knee to post-Copernican heliocentricity? In point of fact, there is no conflict whatsoever between biblical observation-language about the movement of the sun—language which we continue to use in the third-millennium—and the conviction that the sun does not move around the earth. The question is this: suppose someone is as convinced of evolution in the sense opposed by Hamilton as Hamilton is introduction essay (presumably) convinced of heliocentricity. In that case, is Enns’s way of proceeding fairly described as a matter of bowing the tomorrow began for a knee? Is it that Enns is wrong in cloning essay his attitude here or, rather, that he and Hamilton have different estimates of the status of a particular scientific view? Hamilton wonders ‘why evolution is so authoritative in Enns’s reckoning’ (p. 206); Enns will presumably equally wonder how it can fail to have that authority. Of course, whatever scientific authority a scientific proposal has, its hermeneutical status remains to be properly described and that, in turn, will lead us into the different discussion of the nature of apostolic authority.

However, the question of story about, whether the evidence for the relevant kind of evolution is as strong as the evidence for a heliocentric view of the world is surely what really lies behind the question of whether there is knee-bowing going on.5. Concentrating on Hamilton’s essay risks giving the unfair impression that he is unrepresentative of his fellow-authors in carrying the burden of these criticisms, but that seems not to be the introduction essay case, even if he is not always representative of all. To reiterate: it is only because of his engagement with Enns and rejection of liberalism, only because much is made of Enns in the introduction to the whole volume that I have singled out this essay.6 As do the essayists in introduction cloning essay this volume, I demur both from Enns’s interpretation of the relationship between Pauline and Old Testament perspectives on Adam and his theological perspective on the historicity of Adam, so I am accompanying the essayists to first base.7. Suppose, then, that we are persuaded that the essayists give a fair account of how things stand biblically with Adamic historicity. How, now, do things stand theologically with original sin? There is essays written twain plenty of introduction cloning essay, good material in the essays in part 2, which deal with it historically. In the first of these, Peter Sanlon outlines Augustine’s thought, defending Augustine against the accusation that he invented the ecclesiastical doctrine of original sin. Short About? However, when Sanlon turns to a brief account of the cloning essay Pelagian objection, trouble begins to brew which will later bubble up pretty fiercely with pressure on the theological defence of original sin in part 3. Essay Short Story About? Sanlon notes the Pelagian objection that it is unjust to condemn Adam’s descendants for his sin. Judging by introduction cloning the silence of the essay, Augustine had no response this. On human will and on divine mercy Augustine has plenty to say, but here there seems to at education be nothing.

Will Lutheranism step into the breach and fill the void? There is no essay on medieval thought in this volume, so Lutheranism is next in line and we have a characteristically informed account of introduction cloning essay, original sin in the Lutheran tradition by Robert Kolb. On the one hand, we should beware the danger of failing to attend properly to that tradition in story about its own right by reading his essay as though its agenda must be set by Augustine’s contribution. Introduction Essay? On the other, Lutheranism entered into mainstream Augustinian inheritance on the matter at frost sound of sense, hand and we are entitled to wonder whether the question of the justice of the condemnation of Adam’s progeny will rear its head and, if so, whether it will be addressed. The question of justice indeed arises, but Augustinian silence on it remains unbroken. In Kolb’s essay, we learn again of the human will and of divine mercy, but again not of how our condemnation for the sin of Adam can be regarded as just. Cloning? Of course, this is accounted for at education, in part by introduction essay the sixteenth century context of Lutheran theology. Essay At Education? For example, when Martin Chemnitz examines Tridentine teaching on original sin, the question of fundamental justice is not what is at issue.

Yet, when Melanchthon tells us that it is the theological responsibility of the church to unfold and explain its brief doctrinal statements, we might expect something more; but Melanchthon does not offer it in the form which should interest a reader of essay, this volume and at education, where Melanchthon does not go, Chemnitz is unlikely to introduction go.8 When, then, Kolb describes in laudatory tones Luther’s achievement and his grasp of thesis energy, paradox, the Augustinian problematic remains stonily untouched and cloning, unmoved in the scenic background. Perhaps the tacit assumption is that if we acknowledge paradox in our talk of original sin and human responsibility, paradox must play its part in our understanding of divine justice. Written? Is that the way to read the Lutheran appropriation of Augustinian teaching? However we answer that question, in cloning any list of unlikely accusations against Calvin, the accusation of refusing to grasp the nettle and of being silent when speech is sound essay owed should come pretty high up. Accordingly, if we expect the tradition which he inaugurated to address our concerns, we shall not be disappointed.

Donald Macleod guides us helpfully through it. After taking us through the theological development of the covenant of works, he faces the question head-on: ‘How, in accordance with justice, could the one sin of one man have such calamitous consequences?’ (p. 137). Once the question is introduced, it dominates. Macleod supplies the Augustinian (Augustine’s own) answer, which Sanlon does not: by virtue of the fact that we are one with Adam. In what sense are we one, not for Augustine, but for the Reformed tradition? The answer is: by federal unity. Macleod traces the debates on immediate and introduction cloning, mediate imputation that surround that answer, in which context the question of justice is lively. Federal union secures the justice of our condemnation. What is both interesting and significant is that, at the end of his essay, Macleod observes that, in the Reformed tradition, we are still left with the question (among others): exactly ‘[w]hy, for example, should the sin of Adam involve all his offspring in guilt?’ (p. 146).

Against the background of this essay and of the Augustinian inheritance, it is a question which patently embraces the issue of divine justice. As a theologian, Macleod may have his answer; as a historian—and that is his role here—he is implying that his account of federal union in the classical tradition of Reformed theology has not laid that question to rest. It may be worth adding one footnote to this account. Macleod mentions that the one man who withstood the tomorrow the war quotes for a essay standard Reformed view of the federal relationship between Adam and posterity was W. G. T. Shedd, who adopted the position that human nature and all humans were present in essay Adam. My supplementary observation is that it is precisely the when the war began essay issue of justice which apparently drove Shedd to make his proposal. Introduction Cloning Essay? Shedd believed that the when for a imputation to his posterity of the introduction cloning sin of a vicarious representative violates the order of justice.9 We may and, I believe, should reject the theological substance of thesis energy, Shedd’s position, but how should we respond to its guiding purpose? Perhaps the Wesleyan tradition will tell us. Again, preoccupation with the question of justice should not be allowed to cloning prevent that tradition from on solar energy, speaking on its own terms and, in introduction cloning essay a fine essay, Thomas H. McCall permits it to do just that. Wesley was a federalist and essay, the federal tradition is largely kept up in mainstream Wesleyanism until the late nineteenth century. It is a lively and enquiring federalism which incorporates into its developments the essay question of divine justice in relation to our damnation for the sin of Adam.

It also becomes a federalism rejected within the tradition, along with other components of the doctrine of on solar energy, original sin. It is essay just as interesting that McCall makes a studious theological proposal as it is that Macleod shows a studious theological restraint. The War? After noting the modern turn against the classical Wesleyan understanding of original sin as embracing original guilt, McCall proposes two possibilities for those who want to retain the principle. The first is a fresh working of the notion of mediate imputation. The second is to combine a version of that principle with other principles whose theological upshot is that, by ratifying what Adam did in his representation of us, we are guilty both for introduction, our corruption and for our actions. These suggestions are briefly set out at essay, the conclusion of the introduction cloning essay. When, then, we have read Carl Trueman’s essay on ‘Original Sin and Modern Theology’, which concludes this part of the volume, we might conclude that the Christian tradition had left modern theology with significantly unanswered questions on the doctrine of twain, original sin. Whatever theological insights modern theology may yield—Trueman considers Schleiermacher, Rauschenbusch, Barth, Bultmann, Reinhold Niebuhr and Pannenberg—they are vitiated by rejection of the historicity of Adam.10 However, as far as our reading of Madueme and Reeves’s volume is essay concerned, we are bound to ask to what extent modern theological thinking on of sense, this question is the product of the failure of orthodoxy to introduction cloning establish the on solar theological credibility of its tenets. Trueman refers to ‘the typical modern concern for the idea of one person being considered guilty because of the failure of another’ (p. 180), but the earlier essays have shown that it is certainly not a distinctively modern concern attributable simply to those who reject some basic elements in the Christian tradition.

Accordingly, when the co-authors of this volume arrive on introduction cloning, the scene in its third part, they have given themselves a pretty demanding theological job to do. Their contributions are sandwiched between those of James Hamilton and Daniel Doriani (the latter on ‘Original Sin in Pastoral Theology’). In a joint essay, Madueme and when quotes for a essay, Reeves tackle ‘Original Sin in essay Systematic Theology’ and, in an independent essay, Hans Madueme tackles ‘Original Sin and Modern Science’. I trust that my discussion hitherto has indicated the propriety of giving some space to these contributions quite independently of the appropriateness of doing so because Hans Madueme is responding to this article. In the joint essay, the authors argue for the dual necessities of twain, belief in originating and originated sin.

If we do not believe in introduction the former, we cannot avoid the conclusion that evil is a part of creation, and this is drastic. If we do not believe in the latter, interpreted as hereditary descent from the first human pair, the salvation from my sin wrought by Jesus Christ in countermanding the transgression of Adam is imperilled. Ontological union with Christ rescues me from ill-fated ontological union with Adam. The force of Madueme and Reeves’s first point (on originating sin) is hard to thesis avoid; the Achilles’ heel of the position which denies an cloning essay, historical fall is the essay short story friendship theological implications for our view of evil in creation. Introduction? In this context, we should also welcome the authors’ rescue of Irenaeus from story about friendship, those interpretations which make him an ally of that denial, although it is a pity that the historical account in Part 2 begins with Augustine and not with Irenaeus.

The second contention—on originated sin—is more troublesome. There are two difficulties here. One is the essay claim that, without monogenesis, God’s imputation of Adam’s sin to Adam’s race ‘seems unfair and arbitrary since it is essay story not grounded in an antecedent natural reality’ (p. 217). However, this claim lacks force unless it can be shown that ontological union with Adam defuses the charge of unfairness and arbitrariness in the imputation of sin. Madueme and cloning, Reeves produce no argument to that effect. The War Began Quotes For A Essay? The second is the introduction claim that I cannot know for sure that Christ has assumed ‘ my “human” nature’ (p.

216) unless I am monogenetically related to essay Adam and that ‘[d]enying that we inherit Adam’s original sin [understood in the sense of hereditary union] meant denying that sin has any real depth in introduction essay us’ (p. 218). However, it is sound of sense essay one thing to argue the exegetical case for the authors’ claim about an ontological link, quite another to argue its theological necessity in this fashion. I confess that I am reminded of the argument that if you deny the historicity of Adam, then belief in the historicity of Jesus Christ is unsafe. As though belief in the historicity of cloning, Jesus depended on belief in the historicity of essay story about friendship, Adam! Rather similarly, I know for sure that Christ has assumed my human nature and died for my sin; I know the unfathomable depth of introduction, my sin and dire corruption of my nature through the gospel or, if you like, through the tomorrow when quotes New Testament witness.

I know it unshakeably while I may puzzle over how to understand it theologically, how to interpret Romans 5, or how to regard the introduction cloning essay relative claims of monogenism and polygenism.11. This brings me to a weakness in the volume as a whole, manifested especially in this essay. The War Began Essay? In rejecting interpretations of Genesis judged compatible with polygenesis, those interpretations which accept the contemporaneity with Adam of ‘humanlike contemporaries’, Madueme and Reeves aver that this looks like a ‘blatant contradiction to the biblical teaching’ and that ‘[o]ne looks in vain for any indication in Genesis 2–3 that there were any humans, or humanlike beings, other than Adam and introduction cloning, Eve’ (p. 216f.). What is puzzling here is the total silence not only in this essay but in the whole volume of a key passage in this discussion: Genesis 4:14–17. The index to the volume indicates hundreds of for a, biblical texts cited in this work, but Genesis 4:14–16 never turns up at all and introduction essay, Genesis 4:17 turns up only once in connection with 4:17–22, without hint of its significance for this debate (see p. 10). This, of course, is where we learn that Cain, after expressing the frost of sense fear that his expulsion from the land which he was working will make him a wanderer liable to be murdered, settles down in Nod and gets married. Cloning? It looks as though the text places him in a populated world. Of course, it cannot clearly be doing so, because of what has preceded it in Genesis 2 and essay, 3. Then how should the chapters be related?

The possibilities are many. Introduction Cloning Essay? They are ignored in this volume. Madueme and Reeves also ignore the essay friendship fact that they are committed to the goodness of original incest as the means of propagation according to God’s design, whether between siblings or between Adam and his daughters, Eve and her sons and so forth onto the possibility of essay, uncles and aunts until the whole thing is when the war began essay (should we not say, mercifully?) avoided. Had the authors said that they were willing to accept this; had they explained why the affirmation that Cain’s wife must have been his sister does not really strain the text; had they added that neither is it strained by cloning the supposition that those feared by Cain as he wandered away must have been his own kin and that he was either initially alone in Nod with his wife or had been joined by other unmentioned kin—had they said all this, the reader could have weighed the of sense essay words and agreed or disagreed. As it is, the reader is made to feel like Walter de la Mare’s traveller at the moonlit door.12. Quite apart from cloning essay, what we might conclude about the literary genre of rejection essay, Genesis 2–3 (or 1–3, for that matter) studied in its own right, we must ask what light Genesis 4 throws on introduction essay, our reading of the preceding chapters just as we must ask to what reading of Genesis 4 those chapters point us.

These are questions arising from the text, but the significance of the possibility that Genesis 4 indicates Cain’s presence in a populated world bears on our ruminations on written twain, scientific (evolutionary) anthropology. This brings us to Madueme’s essay, ‘“On the introduction Most Vulnerable Part of the thesis Whole Christian Account”: Original Sin and Modern Science’. Madueme sets out in four steps to answer the question of whether modern science compels either the abandonment or the radical revision of the traditional doctrine of original sin. First, he briefly describes the relevant post-Darwinian science-religion conflict; then, he looks at introduction essay, theological attempts to resolve it; third, he offers a methodological proposal ‘for how to begin resolving these problems in dialogue with Scripture and tradition’ (p. 227); finally, some concrete suggestions are made. I shall not comment here either on the brief historical remarks on Darwinian conflicts (the first step) or on Madueme’s account of short story about friendship, unsatisfactory moves, including what commonly goes under the description ‘theistic evolution’ (the second step). The ‘jackpot’ question, says the author (p. 238), is the methodological one tackled in his third step. To the jackpot, then, we shall go.

The third step is executed in three moves. Introduction Essay? The first—strictly a ‘commitment’ rather than a ‘move’ (p. 241)—is an affirmation of biblical inerrancy. The second is an affirmation of ‘pneumatic certainty’, the essay at education testimony of the Spirit to the truth of Scripture. The third is an eclectic approach to scientific theories, testing them according to Scripture, which may or may not mean conflict. This means rejecting ‘the scientific consensus when it conflicts with the cloning essay doctrine of originating sin’ (p. Of Sense? 245) and entering into dialogue with science in relation to cloning originated sin.

An example of essay short story about friendship, this latter is the way in which we might accept biological explanations of human behaviour which ‘prompt some conceptual clarification in hamartiology’ (p. 246), forcing us to cloning essay distinguish between biological and moral explanations of certain human behaviour. What are we to make of this proposal? Well, if (a) commitment to biblical inerrancy is essay at education warranted and (b) we can be pneumatically certain that the Bible is the Word of God, then (c) an eclectic approach to essay scientific theories seems to follow. What does not follow, at least in this account, is the possibility of dialogue. What Madueme calls ‘genuine dialogue with science’ (p. Rejection Of Liberalism? 248) is something quite different from that; it is, as he puts it himself, just a case of ‘[s]cience offering us data for theological reflection’ (p. 247). I confess that I cannot see how we have a methodological proposal here for resolving anything. The so-called resolution of the cloning science-religion conflict lies in identifying what Scripture says and tomorrow began for a essay, affirming that what Scripture says can be known to be true. So be it; but it just does not amount to a methodological proposal for a dialogue.

As it stands, it is just a statement of faith. So is there no dialogue in the volume? Its subtitle is: Theological, Biblical and Scientific Perspectives on (the title) Adam, the Fall, and Original Sin . Except in introduction cloning one essay, we do not really get a scientific perspective and this essay has a further intriguing distinction, that of thesis, being written pseudonymously. It also ‘aims to bring the traditional doctrines of Adam and introduction cloning, the fall into conversation with the scientific data by outlining the expectations we harbor for the human fossil record based on the biblical witness and comparing these expectations with current data and theories of paleoanthropology’ (p. 54). A priori , then, ‘all humankind is connected by a line of ancestry to a single pair of specially created humans . . . there is no ancestral lineage that links humans reproductively with any other living or extinct animal species, including the apes and any fossil apelike creatures’ (p. 55, emphasis original). Correspondingly, William Stone (the pseudonymous author) expects the essays paleoanthropological record to introduction cloning show two things: (a) ‘that humans belong to a distinct “kind” from other primates’, and (b) ‘consistency with a single human lineage’ (p.

55). We approach the scientific evidence knowing beforehand what we expect to find and not to essay at education find. And what do we find? We find that Adam is probably to be located at the root of the homo erectus to homo sapiens lineage almost 2 million years ago and that his progeny divided into introduction essay different species. Frost Sound Of Sense? The latter is essay not really biblically or theologically problematic and the key move is to illustrate scientifically the discontinuity which we have expected theologically between the genus Homo and australopithecine genera. Of course (says Stone) this leaves problems unsolved. What do we do with the prima facie Bronze Age context of Genesis 4–5 or with Noah’s flood? We do not know; but we can expect to get there some time.

I leave it to properly qualified scientists to comment on Stone’s handling of the scientific data. Although there are occasional allusions to genetics, it is fossils rather than genetics that interest William Stone; consequently, we have no essay in the volume which tackles crucial questions in at education scientific biology. I shall cut to the chase by introduction cloning essay omitting also any discussion of the scientific reasoning involved in the essay and ask the on solar question: what shall we make of Stone’s method of introduction cloning, approach and its effect on the possibilities of conversation between Scripture and essay story, science? Certainly, if ‘x’ is known to be the cloning case or if there are strong grounds for believing ‘x’, it is essays by mark twain not only in order to bring that knowledge or belief into our evaluation of any claims and theories—it is cloning essay necessary. That is the case whether the knowledge or belief is religious or scientific or anything else. Methodologically, there is no objection in the war for a essay principle to a person bringing his or her religious beliefs to bear on scientific investigation; to say otherwise is to affirm that the outcomes of scientific investigation are, in principle, more certain than those of religious reasoning and that such an affirmation might take the introduction form of a methodological commitment every bit as a priori as that of Stone. If there is a problem with what Stone does, it does not lie at this very general level.

Rather, it will lie in what happens in this case when his method is applied. Let the range of scientists tell us both what does happen here and what would happen if the field of genetics were treated in the same way.13. We know, of course, what the story about overall evaluation of Stone’s conclusions will be in mainstream science (at least in general; I do not myself know what will be made of every detail in the argument). Here, we are in the neighbourhood of an issue which Madueme also faces in his essay: just how secure do scientific ‘findings’ have to be in order to overthrow theological conclusions? Madueme is willing to allow that, in principle, scientific evidence may be so compelling that it forces us to revise the traditional doctrine of original sin. However, he believes that the cloning bar for this is extremely high, so that we are looking more at a theoretical than a realistic possibility.

It may be worth mentioning two avenues for exploring the of sense essay issues which arise here. One is the philosophy of John Locke, majoring on his religious epistemology in its connection with his philosophy of science. Locke’s influence on modern thought has been huge; he was, as Sir Leslie Stephen (Virginia Woolf’s father) put it, ‘the intellectual ruler of the essay eighteenth century’.14 His religious epistemology has been undervalued, although it is open to more than one serious criticism, including its early-modern interpretation of rationality. What Locke simply says is that a religious believer is essays entitled to maintain religious beliefs grounded on justified belief in revelation even when they can be shown to cloning be rationally highly improbable. Revelation trumps contrary rational probability. It cannot trump what is rationally known to be contrary to it; in the event of essay about friendship, collision, we should know that what we thought had been revealed had not really been revealed. Thus, rational knowledge trumps not revelation itself but our suppositions that there has been revelation on the point in question. I think that an introduction essay, evangelical exploration of this, especially in connection with Locke’s philosophy of science, would be profitable.15.

The second is contemporary or twentieth century philosophy of science. Some of us will demur both from the exegesis of short story, Genesis in this volume which rules out ‘theistic evolution’ and essay, from the authors’ refusal to accept the scientific evidence for the integration of on solar, humankind into evolutionary history.16 Yet, all of cloning, us need to attend to issues in the philosophy of science, particularly as they have taken shape since the work of Karl Popper.17 Both Madueme and frost sound essay, Stone aspire to dialogue; in that case, surely what is needed is an introduction, incursion into the relationship of (what we might broadly term) philosophy of rejection of liberalism, religion and philosophy of science.18. Stone’s enterprise is driven by a conviction which is not his alone, though it is impossible to say whether it is shared by all the other authors—a conviction that the doctrine of original sin is either drastically redefined or lost if humans are located along an evolutionary line extending back to introduction essay pre-human or non-human ancestors. This is not necessarily so. When Scripture talks about ‘man’ or humankind, it is tempting to assume that it means what anthropologists mean when they use that language.

However, anthropologists do not demarcate species by identifying a point at which the first humans became addressed by essay at education God, called by God, answerable to God. That is Scripture’s interest in humankind to the point of being essential to its definition. There will be a neurological correlation to this summons, but, unless we accept some form of mind-brain identity theory, the spiritual summons is hidden, as is the apostasy of the fall. What is definitive of humanity by biblical standards is introduction cloning essay scientifically invisible, just as God and essay, salvation are invisible, and an evolutionary pre-history does not in essay the least affect this. Polygenism is a separate question; theistic evolutionists can be committed monogenists. I think that Madueme is right to point out the dangers in twain this area of accommodation to introduction cloning the latest scientific picture, dangers which are grave indeed if even someone of Henri Blocher’s stature has to make retractions. Madueme is also right to note the possibility of adhering to the historicity of Adam without commitment to the chronological matter of where, on the evolutionary time-line, Adam appears (p.

237–38). Mention of Blocher takes us into the last part of the volume. In his essay on ‘The Fall and Genesis 3’, Noel Weeks thinks that it is a struggle for Blocher to combine reference to an historical Adam with symbolic trees in Eden and essay, that Blocher ‘seems reduced to saying that he is certain something happened but that translating from the symbolic to the actual is beyond us’ (p. 299n37).19 As a matter of fact, there is neither struggle nor reduction here. History symbolically rendered is scarcely alien to Scripture. Weeks says that Blocher has not ‘dealt with interpretations that see the cloning story as “symbolic” in frost sound of sense some nonhistorical form because such readings are pure arbitrary imposition unless they are anchored in something within the text itself’ (p. 305).

Actually, Blocher spends his time anchoring his readings within the text itself. Introduction Cloning? If Weeks insists that Blocher and others go outside the rejection of liberalism essay text in order to interpret trees as symbolic, then we are not only taken back to our earlier remarks about hermeneutics and ANE context, but Weeks has to cloning essay tell us why he is not being arbitrary in taking the trees non-symbolically. What Collins says about short friendship other scholars in his opening essay applies to Weeks: he is ‘conflating historicity with a literalistic scheme of interpretation, without argument’ (p. 9n17). However, Thomas Schreiner’s essay on Romans 5:12–19 does expose the difficulties with Blocher’s reconstruction of the doctrine of original sin and those of us who are willing to entertain the proposition that Henri Blocher’s theological ability is unexcelled on the contemporary scene will conclude that, if the doctrine of original sin remains a riddle after he has examined it, riddle it will remain for some time to come. Schreiner’s exegetical argument results in a modification of Murray’s advocacy of the imputation of Adam’s sin and cloning essay, he opposes Blocher’s challenge to the traditional federalist interpretation of Romans 5.20 Whatever we make either of essays written by mark, Schreiner’s interpretation of his interlocutors or of the introduction cloning relative exegetical merits of the positions concerned—and Schreiner conducts his arguments well—he is surely correct to protest that Blocher’s interpretation does not fulfill its aim of relieving the problem of divine justice in condemning his progeny for Adam’s sin.

The final chapter of essay short friendship, Blocher’s Original Sin is focussed on introduction cloning essay, presenting a theological interpretation of original sin which has (prominently) amongst its goals the aim of turning aside this allegation of thesis on solar energy, divine injustice. Blocher holds that, if Scripture does not teach the imputation of alien guilt to Adam’s descendants, nothing should hinder the expression of our biblically informed moral sense of injustice at such a proposal. Indeed, Blocher grants that infants are guilty and deprived of fellowship with God and cloning essay, is aware that this is open to the charge of injustice, if it is Adam that brought them into this condition. His discussion reveals his awareness that his own solution will not satisfy. Even so, he advances as the rejection ‘least inadequate’ analogy the fact that children born during a war are at war with the introduction essay other nation.21 His underlying supposition is that the human race has an organic spiritual solidarity and Adam was placed at its head. Blocher is not convincing. In the situation of war, we do not regard children as guilty for the fact that their leaders have brought the frost essay nation into war; we do not condemn them, even if they cannot but be implicated in essay action undertaken against their nation. Of course, Blocher is subtle and we have to figure carefully all the when began quotes for a angles of introduction, his discussion. Nonetheless, it is hard to essay gainsay the fairness of introduction, Schreiner’s observation: ‘It is difficult to see how anyone who struggles with God’s justice in the matter of Adamic headship will find Blocher’s solution much of an improvement over the theory of an imputed guilt’ (p. 277). Yet, for himself, Schreiner does not demonstrate divine justice on his interpretation either, so we are left with a volume which has come to an end with this question unanswered.22.

In conclusion, I go back to first base and to frost sound commendation. Adam was an historical figure through whom sin entered the introduction cloning world. Yet, I do not see that we have got beyond first base and that the authors have found a way of defending this conviction beyond saying: ‘The Bible says’. It goes without saying that no one who seriously takes the Bible to be the thesis on solar energy Word of God will disdain that response. However, when more is attempted, more is expected. In sum, it seems to me that there are at least three (familiar) areas which need evangelical attention if we are to go beyond first base. Introduction Cloning? We need (a) an in-depth engagement with different ways of understanding the literary genre of the early chapters of Genesis; (b) a renewed attempt to explain, if it is possible, the of sense justice of introduction essay, condemning his progeny for essay, the sin of Adam;23 and (c) a philosophy of science which explores carefully the work and legacy of Karl Popper. Let me solemnly assure readers that the easiest thing in the world is to write a review suggesting to all concerned what should be done. Let me also assure them that those who have the temerity to take up the task organized by Hans Madueme and Michael Reeves would do well to emulate their spirit of humble faithfulness to Scripture and earnest desire to get to grips with their subject. Added Note: Revisiting B. B. Warfield on introduction essay, Creation and Evolution. At this point, I am following Noll and Livingstone’s reading of Warfield, but I am grateful to Brian Tabb for drawing my attention to Fred G. Zaspel’s criticism of it in thesis on solar energy “B.

B. Warfield on Creation and Evolution.”24 Zaspel argues that their description of Warfield as an evolutionist at best goes far beyond the cloning evidence, at essay, worst ignores some of the evidence and at all events must be rejected. He claims that, while Warfield granted that theistic evolution could be consistent with Christianity and introduction essay, did not rule it out, he himself rejected that position.25. The disagreement invites careful scrutiny of Warfield’s work and what follows is not a detailed adjudication but a general judgement with an essay at education, eye to my observations on introduction cloning essay, Hans Madueme’s reading. Zaspel’s challenge surely fails. Four reasons of unequal weight can be given for this.

First, what Zaspel means by ‘theistic evolution’ is not altogether clear. He says that ‘[e]ven the theistic evolutionist cannot explain ultimate origins in terms of evolution. . . ’,26 but I have never heard of a theistic evolutionist who even tried to do so and, were the attempt to be made, I should not know what ‘theistic evolutionism’ meant. I can only read Zaspel’s remark in its own right as a tautology, but the tautology does not serve his argument. However, perhaps this is a minor point. Madueme himself has no problem with describing Warfield as a theistic evolutionist, but he believes that specifically human evolution is thesis on solar energy excluded in this case (pp. 228–29).27. Second, practically the first thing which Noll and Livingstone say in their introductory essay is that ‘Darwin, Darwinism and evolution . . Introduction? . were distinct’ for Warfield,28 but Zaspel collapses the last two. Frost Essay? Thus he moves from quoting Warfield on cloning essay, the improbability of ‘any form of energy, evolution which rests ultimately on the Darwinian idea ’ (my italics) to the denigration of evolution in general.29 Unfortunately, it is impossible to introduction cloning investigate all the aspects of Zaspel’s case here, because, at a certain juncture, he gives the wrong reference for of liberalism essay, a citation from Livingstone’s work.30. Thirdly, Zaspel’s case turns largely, though not entirely, on the need to attend closely to introduction cloning Warfield’s precise and careful formulations. This is a welcome insistence and Warfield’s writings on evolution are an impressive model of careful theological reflection and frost of sense essay, expression.

However, Zaspel’s principled approach rebounds on cloning, him in practice for he delivers a major component of his thesis only at the cost of doing precisely what he accuses Noll and Livingstone of doing, which is to be inattentive to Warfield’s actual wording. Thus, he ascribes Noll and Livingstone’s expository confidence to their interpretation of two pieces by Warfield. The first is his review of Orr’s God’s Image in Man . According to Zaspel, in this review Warfield ‘ evidently (my italics) sees the biblical account of death as an written by mark, obstacle to introduction essay evolution’.31 Actually, Warfield does not imply, still less say, any such thing. What he says is that ‘ [p]erhaps ’ (my italics) Orr overstates the matter when he says that ‘“there is not a word in Scripture to suggest that animals . . . came under the law of death for man’s sin.”’32 Warfield’s response to Orr is: ‘The problem of the reign of death in that creation which was cursed for man’s sake and about, which is to be with man delivered from the bondage of corruption, presses on some with a somewhat greater weight than seems here to be recognized.’33 As a matter of fact, Zaspel has earlier represented both Orr and Warfield in excessively vague terms to essay the point of misrepresentation. Essay Story? He speaks of Warfield’s praise of introduction essay, Orr for his ‘courage to by mark recognize and assert the cloning irreconcilableness of the two views’ and of Warfield’s positive evaluation of Orr on this account.34 Zaspel does not tell us what the two views in essay at education question were but he does say that consideration of what Warfield says, ‘by itself, at least, would have led Livingstone and essay, Noll to a very different conclusion.’35 However, what Orr was contrasting here was a Christian world-view and nineteenth-century evolutionary philosophy exemplified, e.g., by Ernst Haeckel. Energy? It is on this that Warfield is commenting positively and both the Noll/Livingstone account and their conclusion are entirely harmonious with it.36. Fourthly, as for the second of the two pieces on which Noll and Livingstone apparently depend, Zaspel grants that there is a case for their reading. However, he is not convinced of it and he believes that it cannot stand against the contrary weight of evidence in Warfield’s corpus.

The piece in question is Warfield’s celebrated essay on ‘Calvin’s Doctrine of the Creation’. But, against Zaspel, it is surely not probable that anyone as redoubtably Calvinistic as was Warfield and who rejected evolution would have prosecuted so robustly (and contentiously) the case that Calvin taught a doctrine of evolution and was a theistic evolutionist.37. This is not necessarily to dispose of everything which Zaspel says: e.g., the introduction essay weight which he places on Warfield’s 1888 lecture essay on ‘Evolution and Development’ compels anyone who wishes to adjudicate this disagreement in detail to give meticulous attention not only to what the essay word ‘evolution’ comprehends in Warfield’s writings but also to the hermeneutical principles with which we approach Warfield’s texts. For myself, I should not be too surprised if Warfield had the last laugh on all of us, if this is not to treat a serious issue too flippantly. Perhaps in his later writings (the focus of the essay debate) he did not show his hand at all, neither overtly rejecting human evolution nor overtly declaring it, not giving away even his leanings one way or the other. Until the laughter echoes loud and clear or until another case is put forward for essays, Zaspel’s conclusion, there is no need to demur from Noll and Livingstone’s conclusion. [1] Hans Madueme and Michael Reeves, eds., Adam, the Fall, and Original Sin: Theological, Biblical and Scientific Perspectives (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2014). Page references to this volume will usually be given in the text.

[2] Peter Enns, The Evolution of Adam: What the Bible Does and Doesn’t Say About Human Origins (Grand Rapids: Brazos, 2012), 15. ‘In a book on evolution’ it is ‘important for us to see the Pentateuch as a postexilic work’ (p. 26). [4] Note exactly what Enns says about the relation of introduction, universality to Israelite history in particular in essay the early chapters of Genesis, e.g., on the universal setting of Genesis 1–11 (Ibid., 65). He says that he is ‘not suggesting that the Adam story can only be read as a story of Israel’s origins’ (p. 66) but it seems that he could also have moved the adverb and said that he is ‘not suggesting that the cloning Adam story can be read only as a story of Israel’s origins’.

[5] Enns explicitly draws this familiar comparison in the ‘Introduction’ to friendship The Evolution of Adam , xvi. He is simultaneously aware that ‘evolution uniquely strikes at central issues of the introduction Christian faith’, p. xiv. [6] Enns’s work is also the subject of frequent allusion in Collins’s essay, but the index to the volume does not give a complete list of the footnote references to Enns. [7] Full justice to Enns’s volume will not be done without a study of his Inspiration and Incarnation: Evangelicals and the Problem of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2005). [8] At least this is so in the context of Chemnitz’s Loci Theologici , trans. J. A. O. Preus, vol.

1 (St. Louis: Concordia, 1989). Thesis? For Melanchthon’s comment, reproduced in introduction cloning essay Chemnitz’s work, see p. 272. [9] Dogmatic Theology , 3rd ed. (Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian Reformed, 2003), IV. 5. [10] Within the space of one essay, Trueman was bound to be brutally succinct and selective. Even so, his succinct one page on Pannenberg, e.g., will give us no idea of what he might have to teach us and his selection strangely omits Emil Brunner.

Compare, for example, Henri Blocher’s engagement with Pannenberg (and with Brunner, for that matter) throughout his important Original Sin: Illuminating the Riddle , New Studies in essay short about friendship Biblical Theology 5 (Leicester: Apollos, 1997). [11] In much the same way as Madueme and Reeves do not show how their theological understanding of original sin is necessarily required in order to maintain belief in introduction cloning it, so the logic of Doriani’s account of ‘Original Sin in Pastoral Theology’ often requires only a conviction that sin is deep, not a belief about original sin. See, e.g., pp. 259–60. [12] See his unfading poem ‘The Listeners’. We might, of of sense, course, add consideration of Genesis 6:1–4 to cloning essay that of when the war quotes essay, Genesis 4. I should say that I am not definitely committed to the belief that 4:14–17 introduces us to a populated world.

Quite apart from the difficulty of interpreting dogmatically compressed narratives, Cain might have been thinking of a period of hundreds of years during which he could be hunted down from a distance. [13] It is essay worth adding that Stone’s biblical-theological principles require less in frost of sense essay the way of scientific evidence than he supposes. Those principles do not require, as he supposes, that the paleoanthropological record ‘show that humans belong to a distinct “kind” from other primates’—only that it does not contradict the introduction claim about the distinction of humankind (p. Rejection Of Liberalism? 55). [14] History of English Thought in essay the Eighteenth Century , vol. 1 (London: Smith, 1876), 86. [15] See Locke’s An Essay Concerning Human Understanding , ed. Peter Nidditch (Oxford: Clarendon, 1975), IV.14–20. [16] This need not be evidence which supports a neo-Darwinian synthesis; meta-Darwinism is another player in essay the game.

See T. B. Fowler and D. Kuebler, The Evolution Controversy: A Survey of Competing Theories (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007). David Stove’s Darwinian Fairytales (Aldershot: Avebury, 1995) is compelling reading in this connection. Madueme wrongly places Warfield on the side of those who reject human evolution (p. 229). He cites Warfield’s 1888 lecture ‘Evolution or Development’ (reprinted in B. B. Warfield, Evolution, Science and Scripture: Selected Writings , ed. Mark Noll and David Livingstone [Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2000]), which the editors say represents Warfield at ‘his most skeptical about evolutionary theory’ (p. 114). Further, Madueme fails to refer to the different line taken in Warfield’s review of cloning, James Orr’s God’s Image in Man . See ‘Added Note: Revisiting B. Thesis? B. Introduction? Warfield on Creation and Evolution’ at the end of this article. [17] Bryan Magee’s ‘Conversation with Karl Popper’ in Magee, Modern British Philosophy (St Albans: Paladin, 1973), 85–107 is a most useful way in, as is his Popper (Glasgow: Fontana, 1973). Popper’s work as a whole deserves our attention in short story about friendship this context, including the cloning essay way in which his philosophy of science is informed by his interpretation of the significance of Einstein’s challenge to Newton. Essay? Pannenberg comes to terms with Popper in his argument that the ‘real task’ of theology ‘is to examine the validity of the thesis of faith as a hypothesis’, Theology and introduction, the Philosophy of Science (London: Darton, Longman Todd, 1976), 296.

Popper was a great admirer of Charles Sanders Peirce, to whose thought Alister E. McGrath frequently alludes in his various writings on science and religion. See, e.g., Darwinism and tomorrow the war began quotes for a, the Divine: Evolutionary Thought and introduction essay, Natural Theology , 198–99. As I mentioned Stove’s work on Darwinian Fairytales , so mention should be made of his critical Popper and After: Four Modern Irrationalists (Oxford: Pergamon, 1982) but note should be taken of the self-imposed limits of Stove’s criticism of Popper and others in this work. Twain? In connection with Popper, of continued importance for philosophers and theologians alike is W. W. Bartley’s essay on The Retreat to Commitment (Chicago: Open Court, 1999). [18] Madueme refers to Alvin Plantinga (p. 240n72) whose work on religious epistemology is certainly pertinent in this context.

For dialogue, see Alister McGrath’s The Foundations of Dialogue in Science and introduction cloning, Religion (Oxford: Blackwell, 1998). [19] Weeks refers to Henri Blocher, In the Beginning: The Opening Chapters of Genesis , trans. Thesis? David G. Preston (Leicester: Inter-Varsity, 1984). [20] I am happy to confess my admiration for John Murray’s work as well as that of Henri Blocher, but the convolutions of Murray’s formulations seem to me to obscure the reasoning in The Epistle To The Romans: The English Text With Introduction, Exposition and introduction essay, Notes , NICNT (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1968), 189n22. [22] In fairness to Schreiner, it is not his brief. In his closing essay on ‘Adam, History, and Theodicy’, William Edgar apparently does not try to make headway on this one either.

[23] We should consider approaching this by exploring the proposition that we all would have done what Adam did. This would involve both setting out the logic of putting our post-lapsarian individual selves in the place of another human being and observing the distinction between saying that, contingently, any one of us would have done the same and saying that sin was inevitable for humanity. [24] Fred G. Zaspel, ‘B. B. Tomorrow When The War Began Quotes For A? Warfield on Creation and Evolution’, Them 35.2 (2010): 198–211. [25] For a brief response, see David N. Livingstone’s Dealing With Darwin: Place, Politics, and Rhetoric in Religious Engagements with Evolution (Baltimore: Maryland, Johns Hopkins, 2014), 251n121. See Livingstone’s discussion of Warfield on pp. 185–93.

[26] Zaspel, ‘B. B. Warfield on Creation and Evolution’, 201. [27] ‘Theistic evolution’ is actually better called ‘evolutionary creationism’, but the latter will seem a contradiction in terms in a climate where creationists may regard theistic evolution as a contradiction in terms. [28] Noll and Livingstone, ‘Introduction: B. B. Cloning Essay? Warfield as a Conservative Evolutionist’, in Warfield, Evolution, Science and Scripture , 13. [29] Zaspel, ‘B. Rejection? B. Warfield on Creation and Evolution’, 203. [30] The words which he quotes are not found at the point of reference (ibid., 207n38). [32] Warfield, Evolution, Science and Scripture , 235–36. [34] Zaspel, ‘B. B. Warfield on Creation and Evolution’, 208.

[36] Warfield, Evolution, Science and Scripture , 231. Introduction Cloning Essay? See James Orr, God’s Image in Man and Its Defacement in rejection of liberalism essay the Light of Modern Denials (London: Hodder Stoughton, 1906), ch. 1. [37] Only an excerpt of Warfield’s article on ‘Calvin’s Doctrine of the Creation’ is introduction included in Evolution, Science and Scripture , 293–314.

The Sam Clovis factor: Scientist? No. Skilled in introduction, the science of influencing Trump? Yes. 07/30/2017 07:04 AM EDT. What Sam Clovis, President Donald Trump’s pick to be USDA’s chief scientist, lacks in science chops, he makes up for in knowing — really understanding — the president. | Charlie Neibergall/AP. Sam Clovis, President Donald Trump’s pick to be the Department of tomorrow essay Agriculture's chief scientist, has been many things in introduction cloning essay, life: He’s an F-16 fighter pilot turned defense contractor turned academic; he was a conservative radio host in Sioux City, Iowa; and of liberalism, he was a failed U.S. Senate candidate in essay, the Hawkeye State who managed to become co-chair of the rejection of liberalism essay, presidential campaign of a New Yorker who won — against all odds. These days in Washington, Clovis’ critics are obsessing over what he is not: He's not an agricultural scientist, nor is he an agricultural economist, nor does he appear to be qualified for a position that, by law, must be drawn from “among distinguished scientists with specialized training or significant experience in agricultural research, education and economics.”

Story Continued Below. Senate Democrats, activists deeply concerned about climate change and left-leaning science groups predictably seized on Clovis’ weak credentials to attack his selection as yet another sign the Trump administration rejects science-based policymaking and endangers the integrity of federal research. But none of that has deterred the heavyweights in introduction essay, the agriculture industry, who believe, in effect, that Clovis’ political savvy is more important than his résumé. In this nomination fight, Clovis, whose early and loyal backing of when the war for a Trump helped the president win in Iowa, has politics on his side. Not only does Trump owe him a job, but most major farm groups are now rallying behind his nomination — sent to cloning essay, the Hill earlier this month — despite his lack of hard-science experience.

A coalition of essay friendship nearly two dozen industry groups, including the cloning essay, American Farm Bureau Federation and the National Corn Growers Association, recently sent a letter to Senate Agriculture Committee leaders, urging support for Clovis — a political calculation that has many policy experts in Washington rolling their eyes, considering farm groups constantly fuss about the twain, importance of introduction essay sound science. “Some have suggested that Dr. Clovis is thesis energy not qualified for this position due to his lack of hands-on science and research experience,” the groups wrote. “We do not share this point of introduction view. The U.S. Department of essay short about friendship Agriculture already employs some of the finest and most dedicated scientists in the world. Essay. They do not need a peer. They need someone to champion their work before the administration, the essay, Congress, and introduction cloning essay, all consumers around the world.” What Clovis lacks in science chops, he makes up for in knowing — really understanding — Trump. Back in April, when Trump was on the verge of withdrawing the U.S. from NAFTA, it was widely reported that Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue helped walk the president away from the ledge by essay at education, showing up at an Oval Office meeting with a map of the U.S. that pointed out areas that would be most harmed by essay, an abrupt withdrawal — many of them counties and states that voted for essay short story Trump, and many of them rural. It was actually Clovis who prepped Perdue for the meeting and introduction essay, Clovis who suggested the essay story, secretary take along the map to drive home his point in a visual, high-impact way, multiple sources with knowledge of the exchange said.

Clovis did not respond to multiple inquiries from POLITICO. A daily briefing on agriculture and food policy — in your inbox. By signing up you agree to receive email newsletters or alerts from POLITICO. You can unsubscribe at any time. “It shows that I do have a very big farmer base, which is good,” Trump later recalled about the meeting and the map, after deciding to drop a planned executive order that would have pulled the introduction essay, U.S. from the free trade deal with Mexico and thesis on solar energy, Canada, which has been a boon for agriculture. “They like Trump, but I like them, and I'm going to introduction cloning, help them.” If Clovis has special insight into twain what makes Trump tick, it’s because he joined Trump’s campaign early on and earned standing in a political universe where family has first-order status and positions of true influence are grounded in loyalty, above all else. Clovis first bet on Rick Perry in Iowa, but he bailed when the former Texas governor sputtered. The Iowan joined the Trump campaign as co-chair and policy adviser in August 2015, two short months after Trump announced his run — back when many in introduction cloning essay, Washington dismissed his candidacy as a joke. Clovis grew to be an influential part of Trump’s lean campaign team, serving as a constant surrogate on cable news and corralling an on solar energy unwieldy group of introduction unconventional policy advisers. “He’s been with Donald Trump from the written, very beginning,” said Gary Baise, a leading agriculture lawyer in Washington, who Clovis enlisted to help organize farm leaders during the campaign. “He has a masterful understanding of how to appeal to Donald Trump for the benefit of agriculture.”

From Sioux City to introduction cloning essay, Trumpland. Clovis, if he had his druthers, really wanted something at the Department of Defense — perhaps a more logical choice, given his long career in the U.S. Air Force. But USDA undersecretary for frost essay research, education and essay, economics — a little-known but crucial post that oversees a budget that approaches $3 billion — is not a shabby consolation prize. The Iowa Republican, who led the tomorrow when began quotes for a, Trump transition’s beachhead team for USDA and currently serves as the department’s liaison to cloning, the White House, portrays himself as an economist — but his Ph.D. By Mark Twain. is in public administration.

At Morningside College, a small liberal arts school in introduction essay, Sioux City, Clovis taught classes on business, management and public policy, according to internet archives, and didn’t appear to publish any major peer-reviewed work. He’s on the record questioning the scientific consensus on climate change, a stance that helped fuel the criticism from Democrats and science advocates that emerged after ProPublica reported in May that Clovis was likely to be Trump’s choice for sound of sense USDA’s chief scientist. “If President Trump wants to keep Americans safe and healthy, ensure prosperity for farmers and rural communities, and follow the law, this nomination is the wrong choice,” said Ricardo Salvador, director of the food and environment program at the Union of essay Concerned Scientists, which has led opposition to Clovis’ nomination. He disputed the idea that a politically wired advocate for agricultural science would have greater impact than someone with deep research experience. “These are not mutually exclusive possibilities,” he said, “and the nation’s food system and sound, ag research investments should not be held hostage to introduction cloning, such a false choice.”

Senate Agriculture ranking member Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich.) said earlier this month, after the White House announced Clovis would be nominated, that she has “strong concerns that Sam Clovis is not qualified” for the position. On the other side of the aisle, Senate Agriculture Chairman Pat Roberts didn't talk about short friendship, Clovis' résumé during an unrelated hearing this month, but voiced a clear objection to the fact that Clovis had, back in 2013, declared that a key farm program — subsidized crop insurance — is unconstitutional. “If there is introduction essay some nominee who is coming before the of sense, committee who says crop insurance is unconstitutional, they might as well not show up,” Roberts said. His committee has yet to schedule a confirmation hearing for Clovis. An aide working on introduction essay, USDA nominations later countered that criticism, telling POLITICO that Clovis last year said crop insurance needed to be protected because farming is critical to national security. How John Kelly got West Wing cleanup duty. Yet for all the essays by mark, controversy, science groups and cloning essay, the land-grant universities that work with the at education, division Clovis would lead have been noticeably quiet, choosing instead to avoid a political fight with a nominee who's close to introduction cloning essay, the president, likely to short story friendship, be confirmed and expected to introduction, ultimately have much power over the level of federal funding their institutions are to be given. Other groups, like the essays, Thurgood Marshall College Fund, which represents historically black colleges and universities, jumped on the chance to back Clovis after the introduction essay, White House’s announcement. “Shortly after the election results were announced, Dr.

Clovis began meeting with TMCF to develop an at education action plan to deepen the USDA’s relationship with our ag schools in introduction cloning, order to help them build capacity, infrastructure and career paths for energy their graduates,” said Johnny Taylor Jr., CEO of TMCF. Essay. “We are hopeful our positive working relationship with the USDA will continue with Secretary Purdue and, if confirmed, Dr. Sam Clovis.” As Clovis’ credentials have publicly drawn fire, he’s been quietly winning over the rank and file at USDA, which was not seized by the chaos that engulfed other agencies, like the Environmental Protection Agency, during the first few months of the Trump administration. Clovis has proved himself to be a steady hand, impressed career staff and become well-liked, even by some of frost sound of sense his critics, who privately acknowledge that tanking his nomination could yield a pick they would view as much worse. Clovis is also known to introduction cloning, have a direct line to frost sound of sense, the president, a level of cloning essay access far above that which is usually enjoyed by USDA’s head of research — something that is not lost on agricultural groups. USDA officials, multiple sources said, have simply gotten over the fact that Clovis isn’t a scientist. “Their first instinct, given his background, was to not like this guy,” said Chuck Conner, president and CEO of the National Council of Farmer Cooperatives, who organized the industry coalition’s letter. Frost Sound. “But he’s won them over in a big way.”

Baise, a close ally of Clovis, emphasized the idea that the former professor possesses a rare blend of experience in academia and politics. “We don’t have a lot of folks with Ph.Ds who have run for public office,” Baise said. In 2014, Clovis took a leave of introduction absence from his Morningside College post to run for Senate, entering the when the war began essay, GOP primary to fill the Iowa seat vacated by Sen. Tom Harkin, who retired. Introduction Cloning Essay. Clovis had a conservative talk-radio show based out of Sioux City, but he was virtually unknown in about friendship, Iowa politics. He surprised everyone by coming in second to introduction cloning, Joni Ernst, who went on to win the seat. Essays Written By Mark Twain. Clovis even bested energy businessman Mark Jacobs, who had sunk more than $3 million of his own money into his primary campaign.

Clovis then ran unsuccessfully for state treasurer, one of his last iterations before he joined Trump’s orbit. Though Clovis’ rise in politics has been meteoric, Morningside College wasn’t interested in talking up its connection to introduction cloning essay, the Trump administration official when POLITICO inquired about essay, Clovis’ academic record. A spokesman for the college refused to answer questions about which classes Clovis taught there and what his research interests were. The spokesman also would not grant faculty members permission to introduction cloning, talk about Clovis’ time at essay at education, the school. He left the college in 2015. Climate science and a 'cool hand' Clovis’ nomination has sparked a barrage of snarky headlines and tweets — perhaps more than for any other subcabinet pick. “Trump Nominates Sam Clovis, a Dude Who is Not a Scientist, to Be Department of Agriculture’s Top Scientist,” blared Gizmodo. “Incompetence Looms: Trump To Appoint Non-Scientist As USDA’s Chief Scientist,” said the headline on an op-ed in introduction essay, Forbes. And fake news, that newly elevated element of American politics that will forever be linked to the 2016 campaign, has also attached itself to rejection of liberalism, Clovis at times.

A few days after the cloning essay, ProPublica report, a site called USPOLN.com ran a story claiming that Clovis had mocked scientists as “dumb regular people that think dinosaurs existed.” The post got so much traction on social media that Snopes and PolitiFact both flagged it as a hoax. Clovis’ name has also repeatedly surfaced in essay, relation to his involvement in essay, another enduring aspect of the 2016 campaign — the Russia question. It was reportedly Clovis who vetted Carter Page, an international businessman, to thesis on solar, be a national security adviser to the Trump campaign. As of the introduction cloning essay, summer of 2016, well after Page had joined the campaign, the FBI was said to rejection, be surveilling him, suspecting Page might have been acting as an agent of the Kremlin, The Washington Post reported; he was later dropped from the campaign. But other than the fact Clovis is not a scientist, nothing about his background and cloning essay, work on the campaign and transition has gotten as much attention as his skepticism about climate change, in part because the division he would oversee conducts all manner of climate science research — from studying how to reduce the carbon footprint of of liberalism food production to introduction cloning essay, coming up with ways for farmers to essay, adapt to more severe weather patterns. When he was running for Senate in 2014, Clovis did an interview with Iowa Public Radio, during which the essay, hosts pointed out that 97 percent of climate scientists agree that rising temperatures are “very likely due to frost sound essay, human activities.” “Do you believe the introduction, science?” the thesis on solar energy, hosts asked. “I am extremely skeptical,” he said without skipping a beat. “I have looked at the science and introduction, I have enough of a science background to know when I’m being boofed.

And a lot of the science is essay junk science. Priebus out as chief of staff, Gen. John Kelly to replace him. “It’s not proven,” he continued. Introduction. “I don’t think there’s any substantive information available to me that doesn’t raise as many questions as it does answers. So I’m a skeptic.” But those who have worked with Clovis are not unnerved by the breathless criticism in the left-leaning media. They describe him as whip-smart, open-minded, jolly and self-deprecating. He also works long hours and avoids events in Washington that require schmoozing. “People think he’s going to be an written by mark a--hole, and then he’s not,” said one lobbyist who’s worked with him. Another Clovis supporter said the Iowan is “a guy with real balls,” noting that one has to be “half-nuts” to fly an introduction cloning essay F-16 fighter jet, as Clovis did throughout his decades-long career in the Air Force. He retired in 1996 as a colonel.

In Trump land, Clovis has developed a reputation for being even-keeled amid an administration known for infighting and short story about, volatility. “He was always cool-headed,” recalled Sid Miller, the controversial Texas agriculture commissioner who worked with Clovis on the campaign’s agricultural advisory committee. “A lot of us would get rattled when Donald Trump would have a bad day. Not Sam. He’s a cool hand.” He saw victory outside city limits. Clovis wasn’t the cloning essay, kind of essay about friendship campaign operative who assumed victory and ignored political realities. He just happened to understand the political moment in the heartland, which ended up being key to Trump’s victory. At an event in introduction essay, Washington just short of three weeks before Election Day, Clovis wasn’t banking on his candidate winning. “I have no idea how this is of sense going to turn out,” Clovis told POLITICO at the time. Clovis had just spent the better part of two hours being peppered with questions about introduction, farm policy at the National Press Club in Washington.

It was his first appearance before the D.C. hive, and the audience was skeptical, to say the least. Few in the room, which was packed with food, ag and environmental lobbyists, had any idea who Clovis was. Some had seen him on CNN as a surrogate for Trump. Of Sense Essay. Some had heard he’d ran unsuccessfully for Senate in Iowa. But they all couldn’t figure out how a little-known professor and conservative talk radio host had become the Trump campaign’s lead on agricultural policy. Clovis, however, had clearly done his homework. He sat back in his chair, eyeglasses perched above his eyebrows, and jumped with ease from introduction cloning, farm subsidies and food stamps to the complexities of the peanut program and conservation. He outlined policy stances that were surprisingly moderate. He hammered away on the need for better water quality, said he’d like to rejection of liberalism, wean farmers off price supports, and expressed support for a legal immigrant workforce to introduction cloning, meet agriculture’s needs. During the frost sound of sense essay, meeting, Clovis also offered brief thoughts on agricultural research, an issue on which he has almost no record. “I also think the research needs to introduction essay, be transparent,” he said after endorsing voluntary genetically-modified-organism labeling, because “consumers have a right to know.” He added: “If we have these demands, and we have to fund research in these areas, we should have some accountability on that funding; and the other aspect is it is transparent, to know what we’re looking at and what we’re investigating.”

Clovis offered that one of his personal “pet rocks” is water policy. “I honestly believe if we ever have another civil war in this country, it’ll be over water,” he said. After the meeting, even Democrats admitted Clovis’ breadth of knowledge had surprised them. Trump, for his part, knew he needed to gin up support among rural voters to rejection of liberalism essay, offset the bludgeoning he’d take in the cities, and cloning essay, he’d tasked Clovis with using farm policy to galvanize the heartland. “With city limits in the rearview mirror, it’s Trump,” Clovis told POLITICO after the Washington meeting, when asked about the widening gap in rural support between Hillary Clinton and Trump. It was something many in the mainstream media and political establishment had missed or disregarded, but Clovis repeatedly pointed to the fact that Trump signs seemed to appear just outside of city limits by a staggering margin compared with Clinton signs. “Not just yard signs; barn signs. Barns!” he laughed. “People have painted their barns. The sides of thesis energy their houses. It’s nuts,” he continued. “There’s a lot of angst out there. There really is.” Clovis then explained that the campaign’s strategy was to try to make up for getting “trounced” in cities by cultivating hefty returns in rural counties.

And in that, Clovis and Trump certainly had politics on their side. Missing out on the latest scoops? Sign up for POLITICO Playbook and get the latest news, every morning — in your inbox.