Problem solving writing

BarMax Bar Review Course for writing, the California Bar. I apologize in advance for the somewhat stream of consciousness blog post below. In an effort to be different from some other blogs out there, I want to talk about my actual experience vs just giving a list of BarMax#8217;s features. I#8217;ve been somewhat anxious to write a post about BarMax since writing the one about Themis below. Why? Because I think BarMax could be an excellent alternative to Themis for someone who is independent, on hermann hesse essays a budget, likes iPads and writing Apps, and plan type wants no more content than necessary when studying for the bar. Keep in mind, you have to be cool with being lectured by someone without a video, because unlike every other review course out there, BarMax does their lectures without a video (you read the outline or fill out problem solving a blank one while listening). Something I want to clarify before writing any further, I am in no way affiliated with BarMax or Themis and haven#8217;t been paid to say anything positive or negative about either course. These are my unbiased opinions based on my own personal experience, and hopefully they can help you decide what review course is best for you!

Anyway#8230; here are my thoughts: It#8217;s not a scam, it#8217;s an music letter actual review course. If you are anything like me, you might be wary of BarMax at first. They are the the course tabling at problem your law school with the least amount of visitors (sorry BarMax, but it#8217;s true). If you#8217;re on their mailing list, they send you kind of music cover letter, suspicious emails about special promotions (actually this is problem writing kind of violence, cool, and real!) where you can get an iPad mini included in the cost of the course. They are the writing, most expensive app on the iTunes store. They also haven#8217;t been around for very long. Well, BarMax isn#8217;t a scam. Nor is it just some wannabe app masquerading as a review course. It#8217;s an actual real review course that you can take and be adequately prepared for the exam. And perhaps some aspects of the course might actual prepare you better for the exam than Barbri, Kaplan, or Themis.

In fact, BarMax is endorsed by the Barbri#8217;s former president. It#8217;s an app for the iPad/iPhone unlike the other review courses, all of letter, their content is app-based. BarMax is basically an iPad/iPhone app that provides you with what I#8217;d say are all the basic tools necessary to study for the bar. You get the app, then they email you additional files which you download to your computer (which include outlines you can fill in and past essays) and that#8217;s it! Unlike Themis, they do not mail you books that correspond with the course, or send you skinny outlines as the solving, course progresses. Also unlike Themis, all of the content, (save for the emailed stuff) including Practice MBEs, essay lectures, lectures, and outlines, is available right there on the app. Themis#8217; bar review app for iPad/iPhone only provides you access to the the video lectures and nothing more.

That means, if you want to do, for example, practice MBE#8217;s using Themis#8217; course you#8217;re going to have to do them online through their website NOT through the short, app. Which means you#8217;re going to have to have wi-fi access or 3G/4G. BarMax, on the other hand, has all of their content on the app available to download so that you do NOT need to be on wi-fi or 3G/4G to access the content. I really like this feature. Ok, one major difference I need to point out again#8230; BarMax is NOT going to problem solving writing send you any additional books. You know those huge books you see for type dissertation economique, Barbri, Kaplan, and problem solving writing Themis for sale on ebay#8230; yeah, BarMax doesn#8217;t have those. It doesn#8217;t necessarily mean the course isn#8217;t as good. If you are the kind of person who doesn#8217;t like or need 3 different outlines on a subject and just wants one concise outline, then trust me, not having all those extra books is probably going to work better for you in the long run.

A criticism is that BarMax doesn#8217;t provide you with skinny outlines to study from, which does seem a little lazy on their part. But, the one outline they do provide you with seems pretty damn good and pretty concise all things considered. Real MBEs/Real Essays graded by business internship cover letter, former CA bar exam graders. The other thing that makes me respect BarMax is that they#8217;ve made it a point to problem writing obtain licensing for real MBEs. Essay On Importance Of Communication Skills In Civil! This is great. If you see my post below on MBE study resources, you#8217;ll see that I explain why practicing real MBEs is valuable. The one problem I have with BarMax in this area is that they only provide detailed answer explanations for solving, the first 300 questions you do. Essay Friendship! They say they do this because they believe it is solving beneficial after that point to then self-regulate by going and finding the plan type, reason you got the answer wrong on your own. Like I said before, I understand the logic and potential benefit, but I don#8217;t really think anyone studying for the bar has the time to do this. I also respect BarMax because they provide essay grading by real former CA bar exam graders.

The other review courses do not. See my post here explaining more about writing this in the context of the Themis review course. Former graders, I believe, are going to be the hermann essays, only way you get truly trustworthy feedback on your practice essays (this is my belief, I#8217;m sure plenty of people disagree). You get two free graded essays included in the cost of the course, then will need to problem pay $20 for any additional essays you need graded (a VERY good price compared to the cost of a tutor). The $20 is no more than BarMax pays their essay graders, so BarMax does not make any more money off of you in this instance. Important Note: I have never submitted an essay for plan economique, grading with BarMax, so I can#8217;t speak to problem writing the quality of feedback or turn around time. BarMax does send you a sample if you ask for it#8230; but, of course there is the in pakistan essay, danger that it may not be of the same quality. Solving! I want to believe if it fell below quality they#8217;d remedy it for you.

BarMax is affordable. My understanding is that it#8217;s going to be less than $999 and there#8217;s a good chance you can get a free iPad mini thrown in, or pay a bit more and get an iPad 2 or iPad air. If you are a public interest student, they can offer you a pretty heavy discount (iPad not included). I#8217;m not sure if they offer you a deal if you already own an iPad and only need the course, but it#8217;s worth inquiring about because BarMax seems pretty flexible for students serious about type dissertation taking their course. As discussed above they don#8217;t provide you with a skinny outline to study from in the last two weeks of studying. They also only provide feedback for problem solving writing, 300 MBE questions. Yes. In fact, BarMax gives you life-time access which can#8217;t be said of the other courses. I think BarMax is business letter a good option in solving conjunction with other resources out plan type dissertation there (Bar Breaker book, Strategies and Tactics, Tutors, etc) and because of its affordable price you can still afford to problem writing use those other resources.

But, keep in mind, BarMax is essays really for the independent learner and thinker. There isn#8217;t handholding in this course, and solving you are really going to have to be self-motivated. The outline content is much smaller than the other courses, so you are also going to have to feel comfortable with that notion. Music Letter! But, if you buy BarMax and writing find the outlines insufficient, there is the music business cover, option to purchase Barbri, Kaplan, or Themis books on writing ebay. California Bar Exam Performance Test Preparation.

Now that I#8217;ve wrote the two posts below about how to prepare for the MBE and Essay portions of the bar, I#8217;m writing my next post about preparing for the ever-challenging California Bar Performance Test. What is a the Performance Test in plan type California? Brief rundown for those who don#8217;t know: the problem writing, PT in California is a three hour portion of the the exam given on the first and third afternoon of the test. You will be required to draft some type of legal document (typically a memorandum, but can be a closing argument, letter to opposing counsel, etc) based on a given set of facts (found in the #8220;file#8221;) and plan type economique a given set of law (found in problem writing the #8220;library#8221;). For the purposes of the performance test, you do not need to have law memorized since they give you all the law necessary for your answer. However, your knowledge of legal application does come into play. It#8217;s a pretty challenging aspect of the test since it requires a lot of sound organization, analysis and law to fact application. In my opinion, the best thing you can do is think of the performance test as a competence exam where you are showing the examiner your badass writing skills without the economique, burden of worrying whether or not you memorized the law correctly. While the PT does not require substantive knowledge, this doesn#8217;t meant the problem solving, PT should be ignored in studying.

The PT is sometimes overlooked, and that#8217;s a shame! Stating the obvious: scoring well on the PT can make the difference between passing and type dissertation economique failing. Plus, one theory I have is that the PT curve can be slightly more lenient than the writing, essay curve. Ocd Case! Therefore, if you are a strong PT taker, you may be able to make up more ground on writing points vs someone who is a decent essay taker. But, that being said, all six essays count do more than the two PTs. (I may give a breakdown of how much the PT is worth in essay a later post). Moving on#8230; When preparing for the performance test, I think the first thing to do is to give yourself a diagnostic exam. You can find the past performance tests here with selected answers. Print one out, and solving give it to yourself. Obviously, PTs can range in difficulty from easy to medium to hard.

I think starting out with an easier one is type economique probably a good idea, and the PT I would recommend starting out with is PTA- Pannine v. Dreslin from the February 2009 bar exam. I#8217;d rank this PT as easy to medium difficulty. Problem Writing! If you#8217;re looking for a difficult PT, check out PTA- In re Clef from the July 2012 bar exam. And for letter, an even more challenging PT (in my opinion), check out problem solving In re Clef#8217;s evil twin PTA- In re Sia from the July 2013 bar exam. On initial diagnostics, stay within the 3 hour time limit.

Generally on a PT, you want to give yourself 1.5 for reading the file and library and outlining an answer and 1.5 hours for actual writing. Once you#8217;re done with the PT, compare your answer to the model answer checking off whether you issue spotted correctly and hesse stated the writing, rules correctly. Don#8217;t worry if you draw differing conclusions since this doesn#8217;t really matter too much. If the PT went really well then good for you! You can probably feel good about your baseline PT-taking abilities. If it was difficult then you know you need to focus on the PT portion more.

Remember, PTs range in level of difficulty, so it#8217;s best to of communication in civil engineering take a few in problem solving writing order to get a good feel for the PT. Then what? How do I improve? After you#8217;ve gotten a good idea of where you stand in performance test-taking ability, I think the next step is to start refining your approach. Decide whether it#8217;s worth your time to maybe brief every case? Or perhaps you think it would be a better strategy to read the library first, then the file.

You may want to hermann hesse try giving yourself more than 3 hours to see where you would stack up if the PT was 5 hours long. If you write an amazing PT in 5 hours that hits all the issues, then you know you#8217;re doing something right, you just need to work on better time management. If it#8217;s more of an understanding/comprehension issue, then perhaps your time is best focused there. Honestly, I think the best thing to do if the PT seems like an solving writing unsurmountable challenge is to hire a tutor to provide further assistance (or perhaps find a kind, patient faculty member at your university that you feel you can trust with this challenge). Tutors can provide a specific approach to the PT, which can be very helpful. I think too many examinees are tempted to just sweep the PT under the rug and music internship letter pretend like it doesn#8217;t exist, but that#8217;s really not going to benefit you at all on the exam. Trust me, a poor PT performance on day one is going to haunt you through the rest of the exam, even if you feel like you killed all three day one essays. Problem Writing! Trust me. You want to feel good about your performance going out of day one. First and type economique foremost, identify the problem solving, call of the question.

Seems simple, but sometimes it#8217;s actually not that simple. I tend to speed through the file and take my time in sectarian violence essay the library. But, I stop and spend as much time as I need identifying and fully understanding the problem, call before moving forward. It#8217;s that important. Make sure you are organizing your PT answer based strictly on the call. Essay! If the call is asking you to talk about three things, organize your PT in three parts in the exact order they give you. If the call is asking you to talk about problem solving 9 things, make sure you talk about friendship all 9. Be aware of any embedded specific requests. The PT will tell you if it wants you to write a statement of facts. It#8217;ll tell you whether it#8217;s objective or argumentative.

It#8217;ll let you know if it#8217;s looking for a specific style of problem, headings (long and music business argumentative, or short and to the point). Be on the look out for this stuff, and following the instructions can be a very easy way to pick up points, and not following them tells the writing, grader you don#8217;t know how to follow instructions. Play around will approaches. Maybe on one practice PT, try and see if you are more comfortable reading the library first. Try and see if briefing cases help. Short Story! My specific PT tips #8212; take these with a grain of salt since I do NOT profess do be an writing expert. Ok, I don#8217;t want to get into too many specifics since I think the PT can be different for everyone, but one thing that worked well for me (I think) is inputting the law and some of the facts directly into short about the organized structure I put on my screen right away after reading the call, instead of taking notes on paper or highlighting in writing the file, etc. When I took notes on paper or highlighted in the file, I tended to lose track of the violence, law and facts once I reached the end of the both the file and library because of the problem writing, sheer amount of plan type dissertation, information.

The more PTs I took, the more obvious it became what certain facts and certain cases were triggering which issues in the call. Solving! So, to sectarian in pakistan essay stay on top of all the information better, I started inputting more directly in order to keep the massive amount of information better organized. This worked for me. Keep in mind, it may not be what works for you. I wish I could write a blog post telling you exactly how to problem writing take a PT and be successful each and every time, but I don#8217;t feel capable of essay short story about, that since I don#8217;t have experience as a grader or tutor. However, I do feel that if you a struggling, a tutor may be able to provide you with their approach to taking a PT, which could result in being successful each and every time. All in problem writing all, the PT is really about practice and it#8217;s one part of the exam I think you can start practicing well-before the exam without the danger of forgetting information as time passes. My last post talked about where to find real MBE questions, and specifically about the on importance of communication skills, books you can buy to study for the MBE. In this post, I want to talk about the two books I have experience with using to problem prepare for the bar.

The first book I will talk about is Jeff Adachi#8217;s book called Bar Breaker . The second book I want to talk about is Essay Exam Writing for the California Bar Exam . These are two very different books on the same topic, and I think both have a lot to offer. Bar Breaker was highly recommended to me by a law school professor. In his book, Jeff Adachi provides a lot of plan economique, insights into attacking each essay (he talks about visualizing the fact pattern), then takes some time to break down the subject into solving how you can think about it for ocd case study, the purpose of crafting an essay. Then, for some essays, especially at problem the beginning, he will walk you through the whole process from start to finish. It all culminates with a #8220;model#8221; answer written by Jeff Adachi and a self-scoring assessment sheet. I think this book has a really great introduction for someone who has never taken the bar exam and has no idea how it is short friendship graded.

This will provide a lot of insights into problem the grading process that I don#8217;t think you will find in another book, or from your commercial prep course for that matter. Because Jeff Adachi provides model answers that are not straight off of the Cal Bar website, I think this gives the plan type, reader perhaps a clearer picture of what is expected in a well-written answer. Unlike some of the model answers selected by the examiners (these should be given weight, too, keep in mind), Jeff Adachi#8217;s model answers are much shorter and to the point. Solving! He is a big proponent of keeping things brief, and I think there is a lot to be said of this writing style. I like this book because I like how much Jeff Adachi has done to study explain the problem writing, actual process behind writing an essay. Where I think this book falls short is that it doesn#8217;t provide as much in the way of actual substantive rules (it keeps referring you to another book in the Bar Breaker series) and the book needs to be edited for typos there are lot. In terms of actual helpfulness though, I think this book is worthwhile. But, I think this book should be supplemented with another source for examples of essay on importance of communication skills, essays written in a different style in problem order to stay aware of all the short, styles that are appropriate for the bar exam.

I also like this book because Jeff Adachi just seems like such a badass. And you can#8217;t argue with that. Problem Solving! This book is so different from Jeff Adachi#8217;s book, and I think could work as a good foil to in pakistan essay Bar Breaker if used together. The introduction is short and to the point. Then, the book moves onto short attack outlines, longer outlines, subject testing charts, and sample essays for every subject. I really appreciate that unlike Jeff Adachi#8217;s book, you get substantive review. I think the short attack memorization outlines are very helpful in organizing the information in a way that is capable of being memorized. However, I do feel that the outlines leave out some important substantive rules and writing keep others too abbreviated. Business! If a more obscure issue gets tested on the bar, these outlines are still going to leave you scratching your head to some extent.

While Barbri and Kaplan overload you with information, I think this book might have edited a little too much. Where I think the problem solving, book really falls short is in its lack of recent subject matter. Hermann Hesse! Many of the sample essays are from the solving writing, 90s. While this is helpful in that essays from the 90s are no longer on cover the Cal Bar website, it also feels slightly outdated. I also don#8217;t like that there are only model answers for one to two essays per subject and then charted answers for solving, the rest. Essay Skills! I just don#8217;t think this is necessarily as helpful as it could be. I do like that the charts bold the rule statements and fact analysis the author believes would be necessary to problem include in violence essay a passing score. That way, you don#8217;t feel like you wouldn#8217;t receive a passing score just because you happened to miss out on the obscure judicial notice issue, for example. I used this book predominantly for problem, the substantive content and less for the charts and practice essays. Of the two, for the purpose of studying for the essays, I think Jeff Adachi#8217;s book has the slight edge. Essay On Importance Engineering! But, if you can afford it, I would definitely recommend purchasing both, especially if you are looking for short memorization attack outlines specifically for solving, the essays.

Hope this helps! Disclosure: The above links are linked with the amazon.com affiliate program, so should you purchase an item using the link above, Calbarista does receive a small percentage. Essays! The goal of the Calbarista blog is not to generate income, but instead to provide meaningful advice regarding the California Bar Exam. Proceeds obtained through the affiliate program will help Calbarista pay for a .com domain hopefully in the near future. Thank you for your support. Real MBE questions and writing where to find them. In my last post I talked about how I felt Themis (and Kaplan and Barbri) was lacking because it does not offer real MBE questions as part of the course.

In this post, I want to type economique talk about the solving, various places that real MBE questions can be found. As most people recommend, you should be completing approximately 1000 MBE questions in prep. Luckily enough, I#8217;d estimate there are probably about 1000 real released MBE questions written by NCBE! Maybe even closer to 1300. I do recommend using a mixture of the following sources listed below, but if you do choose to essay use a mixture of these sources to study, prepare to see the writing, questions repeat amongst sources. This isn#8217;t a bad thing.

See my note below under the NCBE portion. If you are taking a commercial bar prep course that is not BarMax, then you should definitely plan to essay in civil supplement it with at problem solving least one of the essay short story, following five things: Hands down, this is my favorite resource on the MBE. This book stands out above the problem solving writing, rest because of it#8217;s amazing Strategies and Tactics section for each subject area tested on the MBE. Short! These sections clue you in to common pitfalls of other MBE takers and on problem writing how to approach the test thinking like an NCBE test writer. I also believe this book stands out study summary because of the solving, quality of the answer explanations. They are truly the best. I should say that my only criticism of this book is that the questions can be a bit longer than what the #8220;modern#8221; MBE questions look like. That being said, I saw plenty of questions that looked just like the business internship cover letter, ones in problem solving this book on the actual MBE.

Steven Emanuel#8217;s follow up to Strategies Tactics for ocd case, the MBE is also worth a buy if you are looking for more questions. The format of this book is completely different. There is no Strategies and Tactics sections prior to each subject. Instead, the book is problem solving arranged by subject, then broken down into the subtopics within each. This means that if you are noticing that you are struggling specifically with mortgages, then you can go directly to the mortgages questions and work from there. Typically there is more than one question within a subtopic, with each question testing a different area of the same subtopic or showing you the different approaches the examiners may take to the same area of law. This is ocd case summary so helpful. When I took the bar, I read comments online that said that the practice MBEs from problem solving writing Kaplan and Barbri looked nothing like what was on the actual test. I can honestly say that many of the MBEs looked just like the questions in Strategies and Tactics. More importantly, the music internship letter, answer explanations helped me tackle the solving, question with know-how.

My criticism of this book is that the answers are listed right below the questions. Cover! This makes it difficult not to see the answer before doing the question and have your practice tainted. It does make it easier since you don#8217;t need to flip to the back of the book constantly like you do in the first book. My advice would be to go through a section and put sticky notes over writing, any of the answers you don#8217;t want to see ahead of time. You can also buy 100 question practice tests from NCBE. They currently have four priced at $50 each.

I would recommend purchasing all of them. These tests will have repeat questions* from Strategies and Tactics, but there will be some new questions. Plan Type Economique! The reason I recommend purchasing these practice exams in writing addition to cover Strategies and Tactics is writing that the exams are arranged just like a morning or afternoon section of the MBE. After completing the music cover, 100 questions, you can generate a score report for yourself which will give you an problem solving exact look at your overall scaled score. Sectarian In Pakistan! It will also show you whether you are scoring above average, at average, or below average for writing, each subject area on that particular test. To me, this is the best indicator of essay story friendship, how you will perform on test day. The NCBE practice tests also provide annotated score reports which will give you an problem explanation on summary the answer you selected (only the answer you selected). These explanations are not nearly as thorough and thought provoking at Steven Emanuel#8217;s, but they are sufficient for the purpose of reviewing that particular test. The NCBE website has a surprising amount of solving writing, features that allow you to take the exam times or un-timed, pause the exam, take only one subject area, or take only the questions you got wrong. You can take the exams as many times as you#8217;d like, and plan economique you will have access for 1 year after the problem solving writing, purchase date. *My recommendation: take the hermann hesse, first three tests while you are studying but save test 4 until the week before the exam. Test 4 was released in late 2013 and has new questions that are unlikely to be present in Strategies and Tactics.

This way, you will have a truly #8220;fresh#8221; set of questions to test yourself on, and really gauge your progress. BarMax is a #8220;commercial#8221; prep course that has only real MBE questions. Solving Writing! They have answer explanations for each question telling you what you got right and why (or what you got wrong and why), and also gives explanations as to why the other answers are wrong (this is plan great!). But, BarMax only problem, gives you answer explanations for the first 300 questions you take. Why? Their philosophy is that by then, you should be able to go and short story look for the correct answer yourself and take time to problem writing figure out why you got it on essays your own.

Hmm#8230; in solving theory, I get it. But, I can#8217;t say I agree with this logic. I think as a busy bar examinee, you#8217;re going to music business internship benefit more from having great answer explanations at your fingertips than to problem solving be left to search for the right answer. I think BarMax is a total win for friendship, being a commercial course offering real MBE questions. This helps out on writing cost for sure.

The major flaw is only offering explanations for 300 questions. BarMax allows you to take questions in study mode (answer will generate right after you complete the question) or test mode. Music Business Cover! You can also take as many questions at a time as you#8217;d like. It lets you pick what subject you want to work in or mixes them up. Adaptibar is the only MBE prep on this list with which I have no personal experience. On this blog, my goal is to not share too much about things I don#8217;t know about because I think there are far too many people talking online about Bar prep who haven#8217;t actually prepped for the bar recently. For that reason, I won#8217;t say much, just this#8230; The reason I am including Adaptibar is writing because they profess to have only type dissertation economique, real MBE questions.

I#8217;ve also heard that the course tailors itself to give you the most questions in your weakest subject areas based on your practice sessions. That sounds really cool! Adaptibar also seems pretty affordable in the grand scheme of expensive bar study. If not for Strategies and Tactics, I would probably have considered purchasing this service. I think Adaptibar would be best for examinees who feel that the writing, MBE is a considerably weak area and need the personalized service.

I did read a post in a forum in which the poster did say that the actual MBE was harder than the questions that he saw on story Adaptibar. But, I wouldn#8217;t read too much into that. The real MBE can be harder than practice for a number of reasons. I will say that the questions I saw were most similar to the ones on the NCBE website and Strategies and Tactics 2. Disclosure: The above links are linked with the amazon.com affiliate program, so should you purchase an item using the link above, Calbarista does receive a small percentage. The goal of the Calbarista blog is solving writing not to ocd case summary generate income, but instead to provide meaningful advice regarding the California Bar Exam. Proceeds obtained through the affiliate program will help Calbarista pay for solving writing, a .com domain hopefully in the near future #128578; Here are my personal thoughts on the commercial review course Themis.

If you are trying to on importance of communication in civil decide what review course is best for you, I hope this helps by offering some candid feedback. There#8217;s a lot you don#8217;t know until you take the course, which I believe most reviews online do not talk about. I#8217;m hoping this will help shed some light on things that most reviews of Themis don#8217;t. After initially putting down a deposit on the Barbri course my 2L year, I decided to back out and go with Themis towards the problem solving writing, end of my 3L year. I did this on a recommendation from a friend who had used Themis and hermann hesse passed.

The main reasons I decided against Barbri and opted for Themis was price (I received the public interest discount) and problem solving writing the convenience of studying at home. Themis cost me just under $1000 dollars with the public interest discount. I#8217;m under the impression that Barbri would have cost around $4,000. Hesse Essays! I don#8217;t believe Barbri offers you significantly more than Themis in terms of writing, content, especially if you are stuck taking Barbri at a location which uses only video lectures (no live lectures). Essay! Therefore, it felt like a no brainer in writing terms of cost. Downside of Themis (for me at of communication skills least)- Surprisingly Regimented. I was attracted to Themis because I love freedom.

Well, Themis is surprisingly un-free. When you sign up for problem solving, Themis, they mail you the books and study then provide access to problem writing the online course on a day which they have chosen in advance. Ocd Case Summary! If you want to access the course before that date, you have to sign up for problem, the early access course or you are just SOL. To me, that#8217;s one of the biggest downsides of Themis as an online course. All of plan type, their content is online aside from the books they mail you, but they don#8217;t allow you the start the course until a specific day. Solving! Like Barbri, it#8217;s regimented in this way. I think the reasoning behind it is hermann that they have to update their content from writing cycle to cycle. I get that. But, I feel that one of the music business, biggest selling point of Themis (in addition to price) is it#8217;s supposed to flex schedule. Well#8230; it#8217;s flex only to a certain point, really, since you still have to start after their designated start date, can only submit graded essays after a certain point, and can only access simulated MBE after a designated days.

To sum up, Themis really likes designated days. Also, Themis really likes to track your progress, call you, and then send you a lot of group emails about being on top of things. Problem Solving Writing! If you are anything like me, this will stress you out and make you screen your phone calls all summer long. If you need constant contact, you#8217;ll like this aspect. Skills! But, if you are the type of person who needs constant contact you probably didn#8217;t sign up for problem solving, Themis in the first place#8230; Downside and Upside of Themis- Lectures. Summary! Themis lecturers are pretty good for bar exam review lecturers. As you should probably expect from writing any review course, some lecturers are better than others (specific shout outs to economique Zachary Kramer the solving, Real Property lecturer and Pamela S. Karlan the Crimes lecturer). I would say that the quality of the lecturers on Themis is probably one of music internship cover letter, Themis#8217; biggest upsides (since apparently their flexibility isn#8217;t really so flexible#8230;). That being said, I think Themis needs to do a better job of problem solving writing, having their lecturers edit themselves and go at a more rapid pace.

Professor Kramer is study summary great, but after 6 hours of watching property lectures I still wanted to off-myself. And I really wasn#8217;t retaining anything after 4 hours anyway. Problem Writing! Keeping things brief would really help move the studying along. After spending hours and hours watching lecturers, I felt like the length of the lectures actually made my studying worse. Depressing.

If you really benefit from lectures, then Themis would be a good course for you. Downside of type economique, Themis- Graders are not ex-graders and MBE questions are not MBE questions. Some people might see this is solving as nitpicky and unrealistic, but I think the major shortcoming that all the big commercial review courses share is their lack of ex-graders on the payroll. My essays were graded by an attorney who probably graduated 5 years ago and has never graded for the CA bar. Sure, she is trained by Themis (and maybe even trained by an ex-grader hired by Themis), but I really don#8217;t think she knew how to provide the nuanced feedback that only a former grader is capable of providing. Essay Story About! While I don#8217;t think this will be detrimental to all bar exam takers, I believe anyone choosing a commercial bar course needs to solving writing be aware of the simple fact that in all likelihood, your essays will not be graded by friendship, an ex-grader. This may set some unrealistic expectations. Make of this what you will. As far as I know, the one commercial (if you can even call them this) bar course offering essay grading from ex-graders is BarMax. Problem Solving Writing! More on hermann them later. Themis, like Kaplan and Barbri, do not provide exclusively real MBE questions written by solving, the NCBE.

To me, this is a total deal breaker. Doing real MBE questions is critical to violence in pakistan #8220;getting into the mind#8221; of the writing, MBE. Why? The MBE is tough. Plan Dissertation Economique! I guarantee it will be easier if you study from real past MBE questions.

If you sign up for a course that doesn#8217;t utilize real MBE questions, you should supplement your studying with a program or a book that uses real MBE questions. This is an added cost. Problem Solving! Not a huge added cost, but a cost all the same. Also, as a side note, not doing the MBE questions that Themis provides you with will bring down your #8220;percentage completed#8221; on the course homepage, which in turn will make Themis call you concerned about your progress. Music Letter! If you#8217;re like me, you#8217;ll find this slightly annoying. Would I sign up for Themis again?

Not at this time. If Themis were to solving writing get licensing for real MBE questions and some ex-graders on staff, I would sign up for Themis. Until then, I think there are better choices out there. Welcome! The purpose of this blog is to discuss study options for the California State Bar Exam. Here, you will learn about type economique my experience with different review courses, books, and tutors. My goal isn#8217;t to discuss how to pass the bar (sure, that#8217;s the net effect of successful studying), my goal is to discuss how to problem writing study for the bar. This is advice from a recent examinee.

Not from a professor who took the hermann hesse, bar back in solving 1975, or from a biased commercial bar prep representative.

lowell monke essay In recent times, critical opinion has appeared concerning the use of problem solving, computers by children and plan, adolescents, especially in education at the primary and problem writing, high school levels. In this essay, we begin by citing and summarizing some of the arguments given in favor of the use of computers by children and in education. Then we argue against them using some opinions which we consider to be non-standard. Another approach and sectarian, some more details on solving writing many of the issues covered here may be found in [8,9]. We also introduce here some new arguments. Arguments in plan economique favor of problem, early use.

Let us introduce here some arguments for using computers in ocd case summary education, at home and in school, using quotations. T.Oppenheimer, in a recent article criticizing indiscriminate introduction of computers in schools, lists the following popular reasons for computerizing our nation's [the USA] schools, [1]: 1. Solving Writing. Computers improve both teaching and student achievement. 2. Type. Computer literacy should be taught as early as possible; otherwise students will be left behind. 3. Technology programs leverage support from the writing business community - badly needed today because schools are increasingly starved for funds. 4. Business Internship Letter. To make tomorrow's work force competitive in an increasingly high-tech world, learning computer skills must be a priority. 5. Work with computers - particularly using the Internet - brings students valuable connections with teachers, other schools and students, and a wide network of professionals around the problem solving globe. Those connections spice the school day with a sense of business internship, real-world relevance, and broaden the educational community. Let us now hear a strong fighter for the introduction of problem solving, computers in education, who gives deeper reasons. We will cite him in chronological order. In his book Mindstorms [2], S.Papert writes:

6. I began to see how children who had learned how to program a computer could use very concrete computer models to think about thinking and to learn about learning and in doing so, enhance their powers as psychologists and as epistemologists. [p. 23] 7. I believe that the computer as a writing instrument offers children an opportunity to become more like adults, indeed like advanced professionals, in their relationships to other intellectual products and to themselves. [p. 31] 8. Increasingly, the computers of the very near future will be the private property of individuals, and ocd case study, this will gradually return to the individual the power to determine patterns of education. Education will become more of problem solving writing, a private act. Sectarian In Pakistan. There will be new opportunities for imagination and originality. [p.

37] 9. Solving. . the computer may serve as a force to break down the line between the 'two cultures' [humanities and science]. Sectarian In Pakistan. . So in this book I try to show how the computer presence can bring children in a more humanistic as well as a more humane relationship with mathematics. Problem. [p. Essay On Importance Of Communication Engineering. 38] 10. LOGO environments are not [Brazilian] samba schools, but they are useful for imagining what it would be like to writing, have a 'samba school for mathematics.' . The computer brings it into the realm of the possible by ocd case study, providing mathematically rich activities which could, in writing principle, be truly engaging for the novice and the expert, young and old. [p. 182] 11. The computer can be seen as an engine that can be harnessed to business internship, existing structures in problem order to solve, in local and incremental measures, the problems that face schools as they exist today. [p. Hesse Essays. 186]

12. Computation can be more than a theoretical science and solving, a practical art: It can also be the material from which to fashion a powerful and ocd case study summary, personal vision of the world [p. 210]. In his book The Children's Machine [3], Papert says: 13. Across the solving world children have entered a passionate and type economique, enduring love affair with the computer. Problem. [p. ix]

14. The introduction of computers is not the first challenge to education values. Study. [p. 5] 15. The computer graphics and the artificial creature projects give a glimpse of directions of change of School that move toward megachange. [p. 21] In his book The Connected Family [11] Papert says: 16.

Across the world there is a passionate love affair between children and computers. [p. 1] 17. The best uses of computers that I have seen in homes are so much better than what is being done with computers in most schools that I have come to see home computing as a major (perhaps the problem major) source of pressure for educational reform. [p. 15]

18. . one of the ocd case big contributions of the computer is the opportunity for children to experience the thrill of chasing after knowledge they really want. [p. 19] 19. Problem. What will children learn by making a game? They will learn some technical things, for example to program computers. . They will develop some psychological, social and moral kinds of thinking. Most important of all in my view is plan type that children will develop their sense of writing, self and of control. Study Summary. For instance, they will begin to learn what it's like to control their own intellectual activity. Problem. [p. Hesse Essays. 47] 20. . parents should recognize the need to build new kinds of relationships with their children and should see the computer as a vehicle for building, rather than as an obstacle to, family cohesion. Problem Solving. [p. 79. 21. . using the children's enthusiasm for computers as a basis for enhancing the family's learning-culture. [p.

79] Computer learning experiences give the family a chance to become more aware of dissertation, its learning culture and a chance to work at slowly (cultures never change fast) improving it. [p. 81] Examining these arguments, the following patterns emerge (at the end of each item we refer to the above arguments which apply to it): a) Computers should be learned and used as soon as possible because they will be essential for the individual in the professional working place (2,4). b) Students who do not master computers will not keep pace with their classmates (2). c) Computers are good tools for learning (1,8,9,19). d) Computers improve students' achievements (1,19). e) Computers accelerate children's development, mainly intellectual (6,7,19). f) Computers may provide a free environment for problem solving learning (7,8,18). g) Computers may promote social (and family) cohesion (20,21).

h) Computers provide a fascinating learning environment, one that attracts children and business, young people (13,16,18). i) Computers provide for problem writing a challenge of type dissertation, traditional educational methods and values (11,14,15,17). j) Computers induce a certain vision of the world (12). k) Computers make it possible to problem, learn without tensions and pressures (10,13,18). l) Computers (through the Internet) make students get interested in foreign cultures and people (5). m) Computers develop self-control (19). n) Computers may provide for essay about a more humanistic teaching (9). o) Computers may enhance imagination and creativity (8). p) Computers may be used to make children conscious of their own thinking process (6,7,19).

q) Computers provide for an individual way and pace of learning (8). We want to problem, add the essay following patterns that did not appear in the quotations: r) Children have to learn computers otherwise they will be afraid of problem, them at adult ages. s) Children who don't use a computer at home may develop psychological and social problems (e.g. a sense of inferiority). t) Through the Internet, computers make it possible for story students to access all sorts of information not available through other means. In the sequel, we will refer to the arguments as (1), (1,3) etc. and to the patterns as (a), (a,c) etc.

Critique of the patterns. It is a great fallacy that children and young people have to learn computers now because otherwise they will fall behind in their future search for professional jobs. Computers are becoming so easy to use and learn, on-line tutorials and helps are becoming so powerful, that any person will be able to problem solving writing, learn how to use computers very fast at any age. We believe that the use of music cover, computers will be part of on-the-job training, provided by the enterprises themselves. Just look at the millions of people now using computers without having had any previous special training, sometimes just with some hints from other people. It is a fact that many adults are afraid of computers (r), but we presume this will not be the case with children who were born after the introduction of personal computers, which have become as common as airplanes. Problem. How many people are nowadays afraid of flying in a plane? A fraction of type dissertation, those who were when planes were still not so common in writing our skies; furthermore, there is a certain physical danger in plan type flying, but apparently none when using a computer. This pattern applies mainly to the use of computers by children at home.

Here we have to consider two cases: they are also used in school, so there is no need to problem, install them at home; or they are not used in school. Internship. In the latter case, it is necessary to consider if teachers are requiring something that only students with computers at home can do, for solving writing instance handing in an essay necessarily composed with a text editor, or looking for some information through the Internet. In these and similar cases, the hermann hesse teacher should be advised that it is not fair to discriminate against students who don't have access to a computer. Moreover, if a parent considers that his children should not use computers, as we are trying to show here, he or she should look for an appropriate school which does not use them in the educational process (at least at the elementary level) and does not require their use at home. We are aware that this is solving writing going to be increasingly difficult; we should fight for the existence of alternative schools, in these case those that do not advocate the use of computers in education before high school. Skills Engineering. We will expound on this later.

One of the reasons computers seem to be excellent tools for learning is the attraction they exercise upon children and teen-agers. But if we go deep into solving this phenomenon, it is possible to dissertation economique, observe that this attraction is due to problem solving, two main reasons: what we call the cosmetics and the video game effects. In the first case, users are attracted by the multi-media effects, such as fascinating pictures, sound and animation. Dissertation Economique. In the second, by writing, an excitement similar to that felt when playing a video game: the violence essay setting is writing perfectly, mathematically defined, and the user feels the essay story friendship power of completely dominating the machine. When the desired result is not reached - either not being able to force the machine to do what was expected, or not being able to discover by trial-and-error an appropriate command or sequence of commands - the user enters into a state of excitement which stems from a purely intellectual challenge. We mean here a challenge which has nothing to do with physical ability (such as those required in sports). The certainty that one will eventually discover the right way to do something with the computer attracts the user to such a degree that he forgets everything else, entering what we have called the obsessive user state. Thus, when used for educational programs, what attracts the child or adolescent is not the beauty or interest of the contents being learned, but these cosmetic and video game effects. One may object that a human teacher also tries to problem writing, present each subject in a fascinating fashion.

We would object that she would be using her own enthusiasm, and ocd case, the knowledge she has of writing, her class to present the subject in a agreeable way, which should be appropriate to her students at their age and proper development, and certainly without forgetting the contents. In other words, the subject should be presented in a contextual form, appropriate to hermann, the students in that class. Educational software does not have the ability of knowing or deducing what is the student's context: what she or he has learned the week or even the year before, what has been happening around or in problem solving the world, etc. An interesting question is dissertation this: what happens to a student who gets used to learning with computers? Is she going to tolerate a normal class without all those cosmetic and video game effects? How about the interest in reading and studying through books, and the concentration necessary for this activity? We conjecture that all these activities will be damaged by the use of the unique setting presented by problem solving, computers.

In other words, computers damage traditional learning methods. If this is good or not, is another question. Suppose this pattern is correct. Then one should ask: what kinds of achievements are improved by the use of hesse, computers in education? It is possible that students get better grades in problem multiple-choice tests in mathematics, but is this a good or a bad sign? The necessary logical thinking exercised while using a computer (recall that it is an abstract, mathematical, logic-symbolic machine) may improve logic-symbolic thinking. We doubt that it improves other kinds of mathematical thinking, or any kind of non-mathematical thinking. In fact, the working space presented by type, computers is absolutely well defined. Problem Solving Writing. We consider that real creativity does not happen in well-defined spaces but in internship letter ill-defined ones, such as those involving handicrafts, art, humanities and social interaction. We conjecture that the development of logic-symbolic thinking forced by computers in fact hinders real creativity in writing non-logical, formal symbolic areas. We have no doubt that computers accelerate children's development.

This is quite clear to us: forcing a virtual setting, a formal language (when issuing or choosing commands to any software) and story friendship, a logic-symbolic thinking, computers force children and teenagers to problem writing, physically and hermann, mentally behave like adults. It is quite unnatural for a child to sit on a chair for long periods of time, if the child has no possibility of imagining, innerly fantasizing (this would happen while hearing a fairy tale, for instance). As with TV, educational software full of images leaves no space for inner imagination. In fact, we conjecture that the writing capacity for forming inner mental images is damaged by the use of ocd case study, such software. Note that if this software is not rich in images, and consists essentially of texts, it will be so boring to solving writing, a child or adolescent that it will not be used at hermann, all. The acceleration of gradual mental and psychological development, making the child innerly and outwardly behave like an adult, is in our opinion the worst influence exercised by computers. Obviously, we are of the opinion that there is a proper timing for every development in problem writing children and young people. Any undue acceleration produces some damage; in hesse essays particular, we think that early intellectual activities tend to steal the child's childhood, necessary for a balanced development, which should encompass physical, psychological, artistic, social and intellectual aspects. In this sense, we extend to any kind of computer usage Neil Postman's fears for the disappearance of problem solving writing, childhood [4], which he concluded mainly from examining the impact of communication media. Therefore pattern (e), which is type praised by many authors, Papert in particular, is for us a counter-argument for the use of computers in education. Problem Solving. Papert’s position is absolutely clear, as in his following statement:

The image of children using the computer as a writing instrument is a particularly good example of my general theses that what is good for professionals is good for children. [2, p. 30] That is, in our opinion he does not recognize some essential differences existing between children and adults. He also does not see the damage one can do to children when they are handled as adults. His argument (6) seems astonishing: behaving like psychologists and epistemologists puts a child into a clear adult state of consciousness. This pattern is based upon a conception that traditional schooling methods impose strict forms of behavior and hermann, learning, and this is damaging to the child or young person. Problem. We are absolutely against authoritarian teaching. But we are not against the exercise of a loving authority, such as that recommended to essay on importance of communication engineering, teachers using the problem solving Waldorf methodology [5]. This means that the teacher recognizes that children and adolescents need orientation and ocd case, a firm guidance when necessary. Look at solving, a child walking along a street with her father or mother holding her little hand.

How secure she feels! This image should accompany the whole teaching process: the child needs guidance. This means recognizing the child's or young person's needs, not imposing what is dissertation economique not proper or interesting for her. In this sense, we are against what has been called libertarian education, a method where the child does in problem school whatever she pleases. This is exactly what Papert praises in his LOGO environment, because the essay skills child is programming the computer and has an open space to do whatever she pleases. In fact, for him the teacher is a mere facilitator, not a counselor or orienting authority.

He even praises the fact that in solving writing this environment children sometimes teach their teachers. In the elementary education environment, this seems to us to be an aberration. In elementary school the child should admire the teacher's personality, feeling secure that she will be guided by the latter's experience through the wonderful mysteries of life. During high school, the student should admire the teacher's specialized knowledge. We think it is absolutely necessary for business internship a healthy future social life that students of any age learn that there are limits to what they should do and how they should behave; probably too much freedom too early tends to produce insecure adults. An interesting aspect of the use of the Internet in education is the fact that it presents a libertarian setting: the user has the whole world at his fingertips, and solving, nobody is orienting him as to essay on importance of communication skills engineering, what to fetch and examine - unless only limited access to problem solving writing, some sites is allowed; in internship cover letter this case we think that the solving writing experience is going to be so boring that the student will rapidly lose his interest. Only an adult has, or should have, the self-control necessary to impose self-limits, such as limiting the time of in civil engineering, use, objectively looking only at what one has previously determined as the goal of the interactive session, and so on. A child is normally not able to solving writing, exercise such controls; if she does, she is behaving like an adult, and sectarian violence in pakistan essay, has stopped being a child (refer to our comments on pattern (e)).

The promotion of social and family interaction is problem writing due to the fact that a user may discover some new command or sequences of essays, commands, or even a new site at the web and then show it to the other people around. Solving. We find this social interaction extremely poor. Compare it with a child playing ball with her playmates, or a family activity such as a conversation during a calm meal. Hesse. One should ask: which one is a healthier, more natural, more intensive interactive setting? Which one really improves social relations?

Note that the computer setting will normally only occur in professional life; on the other hand, normal social interaction without the incentive of a machine will be the problem solving standard setting for music internship cover letter the adult life. Problem Solving Writing. Do we wish to teach our children to be led to social interactions by a machine or through his or her inner interest and pleasure in social life? We have already commented on this pattern. We recall that this attraction is a fake, provided by the cosmetic and video game effect of computers. Sectarian Violence In Pakistan. Computers do in fact challenge traditional educational methods and values. We fully agree with Papert that these methods and values are not adequate. But our diagnosis differs somewhat from his, and our solutions are totally different.

One of the solving writing problems with educational systems is that they are too abstract, at plan economique, all levels, especially in elementary and high school. In Brazil, for example, children in grade 2 or 3 learn what an island is in the following way: An island is a piece of land surrounded by water on all sides. This is a formal definition, and solving writing, as such is devoid of life, leaving almost no space for type economique imagination. Compare it with a story told by the teacher, of someone whose boat sank and swam to a beach, then tried to go home and wherever he went there were more beaches. This story should be enriched by all sorts of problem solving, details on internship letter what the person found, fruits, animals, and so on. Problem. It could be accompanied by a beautiful drawing made by the teacher at the blackboard using colored chalk. The drawing should leave space for imagination, and not contain all possible details as though it were a photograph. In this way the children can create their own inner images, and innerly participate in sectarian essay the drama felt by problem writing, the hero of the plan dissertation story. They could create a living island in their minds.

According to the Waldorf Education method [5], after such a story the children would be asked to draw with crayons whatever they liked about the story (and here an element of freedom is introduced into the class), thus requiring some exterior action, and not just intellectual absorption. The excessive abstraction in learning activities causes children and young people to hate school. They simply cannot identify with what they are learning, because it usually has nothing to do with reality and their whole beings - it is mostly directed at their intellects. Problem. The simple fact that children and young people have to sit for hours listening to what the teacher says, without doing anything else than thinking, eventually interrupting this process by writing in notebooks the hermann abstractions and definitions they hear or read on solving the blackboard, is completely unnatural for young people. Observe children leaving a typical school: often one observes something like an explosion, running around, beating each other, etc. This is an expression of their having absorbed the whole time and not having been able to actively contribute anything. Usually classes are not balanced, in violence essay a rhythm of inspiration and expiration, as they are organized in Waldorf Education. What happens with computers in this respect? Being abstract machines which present virtual settings, they introduce even more abstraction into the learning process! It is astonishing that Papert, who so convincingly criticizes the traditional schooling system, does not notice that programming a computer, which is problem writing what his LOGO setting forces its users to do, is the utmost in abstraction. Programming a computer means using only a mathematical language, developing what is called in mathematics an algorithm.

But we want to stress the fact that any use of computers forces abstractions. Any picture displayed on the screen has no reality; the essay computer does not present the reality of the human teacher in front of the class, of the whole class hearing the same subject. We agree that computers challenge the traditional educational methods - not for better, but for worse! Unfortunately Papert does not know that the writing traditional class setting may be profoundly transformed, enriching it with a new way of regarding the students and hesse, the educational process. Problem. To begin with, teachers must recognize that the main attitude is developing an short about friendship, altruistic love towards their students. Secondly, they should regard their profession as a sacrifice: they should not force each student to be what they think is ideal (and abstract), but need to recognize what the student needs as an unfolding individuality. Thirdly, the writing teacher should have a profound knowledge of plan type dissertation economique, what is proper for each age and each group of problem solving writing, students. This last factor is perhaps the most distinct characteristic of Waldorf Education. It presents a revolutionary educational method based upon the developmental model introduced by Rudolf Steiner. There are other such models, but none is type so encompassing, taking into problem consideration all aspects of the human constitution as it unfolds according to the age of the in pakistan young person.

Fourthly, teaching should be directed to problem solving, the students as whole individuals, and not just as intellectual brains. Sectarian Violence Essay. In other words, actions (willing) and feelings should be as cherished and developed as good thinking. Waldorf Education stresses that during elementary school, teaching should be oriented through feelings, mainly through artistic activities and an artistic presentation of any subject (even mathematics!). At normal high school age students start looking for purely conceptual explanations of the world; it is at this stage that the Waldorf method presents subjects in abstract, formal ways, as required by scientific theories, - but always in relation to the real world, and not as purely intellectual abstractions. We have stressed here the Waldorf method because it is an problem writing, established one, in existence since 1919 and in practice in more than 700 schools all over plan type the world (more than 100 in the USA and Canada, about 20 in Latin America). Problem Solving. It is essay engineering astonishing that proponents of radical changes in education, such as Papert, ignore such a revolutionary change which at the same time preserves the traditional school setting with human teachers, classes, and so on. In [6, 9], we have expounded our ideas and proposals for the introduction of computers in education, at high school level, inspired mainly by Waldorf Education.

Summarizing, yes, we have to radically change the educational process, but this change is problem not a technological one, it is a humane one. It is sad to see so much hope put on computers as saviors of the educational system, when it represents the continuity of its main problems. We agree that computers induce a certain vision of the world. Unfortunately, for us this vision is totally inappropriate for children and teenagers. It is not a humane vision, it is a machine, a technological vision. Schumaker, the music internship renowned author of Small is problem solving Beautiful has called our attention to plan dissertation economique, the fact that science and writing, technology have tried to solve the problems of the world. Nevertheless, what one hears and reads is most frequently questions of survival - problems caused by technology or technological points of view of society [7]. Computers require exercising a particular kind of thinking, leading to commands which we may give the machine, and which it is able to interpret. Ocd Case Summary. In other words, when issuing commands to any software we are forced to think in such a way as to solving, make it possible to introduce these thoughts into the machine. We call this type of thinking Machine-Thinking.

When exercising it, we reduce our wide thinking space to that defined (and accepted) by the machine. Obviously, this has an influence on the way the ocd case study summary person thinks, because humans are continuously incorporating and writing, being influenced by their experiences (the reader of this paper is essay on importance of communication in civil not going to be the problem solving writing same after having read it; the author expects that the transformation has been for better!): the tendency is to think in a logical, unambiguous way, and expect everything in the world to be as abstract, deterministic and foreseeable as computers are. We fear particularly the deep influence this attitude may have upon children and young people, who are precisely developing their way of regarding the plan type economique world. This pattern makes use of the fact that computers may be programmed never to censor, being always available for new experiments. We are also against a teaching method that produces tensions and pressures, as the typical ones with grading systems, flunking, admonitions about deficient academic accomplishment, etc. The problem can be solved, as Waldorf Education has been demonstrating for decades. In this system grades, which are pure abstractions, are not given. In Brazil, the grading system goes from 0 to 10; what does a 5 in a test (in general, the minimum to pass) mean? That the student knows half of solving writing, all topics or half of each topic? One sees how ridiculous it is to handle real people in a purely abstract fashion.

Waldorf Education has demonstrated that a new kind of economique, learning may take place in problem writing a classical setting - this change does not require any machine. On the contrary, it requires a more humane approach to education, and not a technological one. One of the arguments in favor of the on importance of communication use of computers in education is their application on the Internet, making it possible for students to exchange fast mail with people or students in foreign countries. We think this may be a positive application, but it requires quite a bit of maturity from the student. So we would recommend the use of the Internet only during the last year of high school. Lowell Monke, who taught in a high school in the USA, once made an interesting observation: his students, leaving his class on computers, faced foreign students leaving the front room from a class in English as second language. He noticed that not one of his students addressed a foreigner. So one may think: shouldn't we teach our students how to get interested in real people, developing their social interests and sensitivity, instead of problem writing, giving them the ocd case summary opportunity to problem, engage in a conversation with a virtual person living in hermann hesse essays another country? Is this contact perhaps a palliative to solving writing, real person-to-person interaction, eventually producing an anti-social attitude, instead of the opposite one? Furthermore, what is more important, engaging in a probably futile conversation or seriously reading a description of the foreign country?

Our recommendation in this respect is that such Internet contacts (to be carried out only by violence essay, high school students) be always carefully programmed by teachers, who should continually follow what is happening. We think that, much more often than developing self-control, computers develop lack of discipline. Let us make a simple comparison. Problem Solving. When handwriting a letter or typing it with an old-fashioned typewriter, a person has to exercise a tremendous mental discipline. In fact, the possibilities for making corrections are extremely limited; a neat format is only reached through painful observation and essay short story about friendship, control on how the lines are being written. Now compare this with the use of a text editor. Writing. The user does not have to pay almost any attention, because she will be able to change everything, move paragraphs or phrases around, and obtain a neat print just by choosing appropriate commands or icons. She doesn't even have to pay much attention to spelling and grammar, because correctors will detect most of her mistakes and suggest corrections. The result of this lack of need for ocd case study summary paying attention is, in our opinion, an invitation for exercising lack of discipline.

In fact, relatively very few people want to be disciplined and, if possible don't behave so. This is even more typical when developing a program. Very few programmers use a strict methodology which imposes some discipline at the design and programming levels: the computer does not require it. The result is that almost all programs are big mysteries: the year 2000 problem was a result of this lack of discipline. If the programmers would have decently documented their programs, and had chosen appropriate names for the variables containing dates, the changes would be quite simple. The big problem is to discover which variables contain dates. Moreover, it was poor programming practice saving 2 bytes (or even not saving anything, depending on problem the format used for the date variables) for plan type dissertation each year: this was a typical optimization in the wrong place. All this is due to one essential characteristic of computers: it is problem possible to badly develop (software) products which work fairly well. The problem occurs later when they have to be adapted or maintained.

For small children, perhaps up to age 6, the author has given a suggestion which he learned through the Waldorf electronic discussion list (information on it through its moderator, Dick Oliver, dicko@netletter.com), and has received feedback with excellent results. At that age children have an enormous drive to imitate. So a parent (who is forced by his/her profession to use the computer at in civil engineering, home while the problem child is awake) could together with the child construct a cardboard computer cutting boxes in hermann hesse essays the shapes of the solving various units, connect them with wool strings, draw the keys and screen with crayons, and even build a printer with slots for inserting and taking out type dissertation economique, a sheet of paper. While daddy or mom are using their computers, the child could be using hers, eventually printing a letter to problem writing, a relative, with some drawing, etc. For older children, we strongly recommend that one firmly says that computers are not adequate for them, for instance because the hesse essays child is solving forced to remain seated for a long time without doing almost anything with her hands and not being able to invent new games. Business Cover. Sound prohibitions should be part of problem writing, education: the child is already used to the fact that it is not permitted to drink alcoholic beverages, drive the hermann car, and so on. A child who has not learned to respect limits will probably be an problem, insecure adult with some social problems - in our opinion much bigger than those she may suffer for having been different and having had no access to computers (and, we urge parents, to hermann hesse, TV and video games). The Internet does make information available that is difficult to obtain through other means. But the questions here are: is this information important and solving, absolutely essential? Does it really bring something to the learning process that can't be obtained by other means, without the essay skills problems caused by the use of a computer and the Internet, as we have been discussing here?

To be able to put the computer in problem solving writing an adequate perspective in music business internship education or in solving writing individual or social life it is necessary to essay, understand very well what it is. We think its main characteristic is that it is an abstract, and not concrete machine (as, e.g. a power lathe or a bicycle): it acts in a virtual space, the space of the problem writing thoughts we may insert into the machine. So any use of it forces some abstract thinking. To be able to plan type dissertation, consider computers in education it is absolutely necessary to have a model of the development of each child and teenager. Problem Solving Writing. We have based our considerations on the model established by Rudolf Steiner, successfully in use in Waldorf Education since 1919. According to this model, only at high school age is the child prepared to exercise pure abstract, formal, logic-symbolic thinking; before then it damages her healthy and balanced development.

So we recommend the use of computers only at of communication skills in civil, that stage. Taking into consideration that computers require enormous self-discipline, we have located an ideal age to begin using software at problem, about the end of the sophomore high school year, that is, 16-17 years of music internship cover, age. Hardware may be taught before, as we have proposed in [8], because of its physical characteristics, that is, it is not purely virtual as software is. This fits nicely with the young person’s understanding what a computer internally is, learning afterwards how to use it and criticize its influence. In particular, it is impossible to teach a child how the computer works internally – this requires quite a bit of knowledge of problem solving writing, mathematics and physics. We insist that our proposed age applies to any use of the computer for teaching any subject before high school. In particular, Papert's LOGO system is centered on learning how to program a computer, which is a purely mental, abstract activity.

It does not matter that the results are graphically displayed on plan type dissertation the screen; this does not transform a LOGO program, consisting of strictly formal commands as any programming language, producing a logic-symbolic processing, into a less abstract, formal entity. Finally, our preoccupation is with the acceleration of a child's or teenager's development. The human being is a whole, and any activity which appeals to a part of it, such as abstract reasoning, affects the other parts. We have to solving, wait until the young person has developed her mental abilities to push for the abstractions and self-control required by any use of computers. As Jane Healey has put it, accelerating the neural development may hinder the proper future neural functioning [10].

We don't embrace such type of arguments because from the physical point of essays, view the thinking process is still a big unresolved question; but its consequences coincide with our way of regarding these problems. We hope this paper serves the purpose of calling the problem writing attention to the protection our present world's children need, who have been attacked by machines since the ocd case 1950's (beginning with TV, then video games and now computers). We firmly believe that it is only by preserving their simple, naive, semi-conscious childhood and adolescence that they will become balanced, creative, socially integrated and positively active grown-ups. In particular, we are afraid that computers used too early contribute to creating insensitive, amoral adults, behaving and reacting like a machine, unable to feel interest in other people, unable to feel compassion and without social responsibility. This means the destruction of some of our most essential humane and non-machine characteristics. [1] Oppenheimer, T. Problem Solving Writing. The computer delusion. The Atlantic Monthly , Vol. 280, N. 1, July 1997, pp. 45-62. [2] Papert, S. Mindstorms - Children, Computers and Powerful Ideas . Basic Books, New York 1980. [3] Papert, S. In Pakistan. The Children's Machine - Rethinking School in the Age of the Computer . Writing. Basic Books, New York 1993.

[4] Postman, N. The disappearance of Childhood . Vintage Books, New York 1994. [6] Setzer, V.W. and L.Monke. Computers in Education: Why, When, How. Also available through http://www.ime.usp.br/ [7] Schumaker, E.F. Good Work . Harper, New York 1979. [8] Setzer, V.W. Computers as instruments of counter-art. Study. Available through http://www.ime.usp.br/ [9] Setzer, V.W. Solving Writing. O computador no ensino: nova vida ou destruição? in E.O.Chaves e V.W.Setzer, O uso de Comutadores em Escolas - Fundamentos e Críticas ., Editora Scipione, S.Paulo 1988.

See also the consecutively enlarged versions V.W.Setzer, Computers in Education , Floris Books, Edinburgh 1989 and V.W.Setzer, Computer in der Schule? - Thesen und Argumente , Verlag Freies Geistesleben, Stuttgart 1992. [10] Healey, J.M. Edangered Minds . Simon Schuster, New York 1990. [11] Papert, S. The Connected Family . Longstreet Press, Atlanta, 1996. #169 2000 Valdemar W. Setzer.

Dr. Valdemar W. Setzer is Professor of Computer Science at the Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. He has published ten books as well as numerous articles in scientific journals on his specialty.

What do CEOs do? A CEO Job Description. The Chief Executive Officer is one of the most coveted titles, and solving writing least understood jobs in a company. Everyone believes that CEOs can do whatever they want, are all powerful, and study summary are magically competent. Nothing could be further from the problem solving writing truth. By its very nature, the job description of a CEO means meeting the needs of employees, customers, investors, communities, and hermann hesse the law. Some of solving writing a CEO’s job can be delegated. But several elements of the job must be done by the CEO. Read on for the details of summary what makes a CEO. What is intrinsic to problem solving writing, the CEO’s job? This isn’t a traditional job description; it’s an examination of the actual roles that a CEO plays (legally or de facto) within a company.

The principle components of a CEO’s job description includes the following areas. Hermann? Any individual CEO may take on writing, any tasks that they wish, but these are the things that can’t be delegated: While a CEO may get input for summary some of those duties, it is the solving writing CEO’sand only the CEO’sresponsibility to perform those well. Being the CEO, they can spend the rest of their time doing whatever they decide they want to spend their time on. But ultimately, everything else about a given CEO’s job is business cover optional. Admit it. Problem Writing? We all feel a touch of hermann hesse awe when someone has it: the CEO title.

The power, the salary, and the chance to Be The Boss. It’s worthy of awe! Too bad so few CEOs are good at what they do. In fact, only 1 in writing, 20 are in the top 5%[1]. Many don’t know what their job should be, and few of those can pull it off well. The job is simplevery simple. But it’s not easy at all. What is a CEO’s job?

More than with any other job, the responsibilities of a CEO diverge from the on importance of communication skills duties and the measurement . A CEO’s responsibilities: everything, especially in problem, a startup. The CEO is responsible for internship the success or failure of the company. Operations, marketing, strategy, financing, creation of company culture, human resources, hiring, firing, compliance with safety regulations, sales, PR, etc.it all falls on problem writing, the CEO’s shoulders. Being responsible means that the music internship CEO is the problem writing one held accountable for the success of the company’s efforts, across the board. But of course, the essay short about friendship CEO doesn’t actually do all that work. The CEO’s duties are what she actually does , the responsibilities she doesn’t delegate. Solving Writing? Some things can’t be delegated.

Creating culture, modeling values, building the senior management team, financing road shows, ultimate approval of sectarian in pakistan essay how money gets spent, and, indeed, the delegation itself can be done only by the CEO. What is the writing CEO’s main duty? Setting strategy and vision. The senior management team can help develop strategy. Hesse Essays? Investors can approve a business plan. The Board can approve, advise, or ask the CEO to problem solving, revise a business strategy. Hermann Hesse Essays? But at the end of the day, it’s the CEO who ultimately sets the direction: Which markets will the company enter? Against which competitors? What will the company’s product lines be?

How will the company differentiate itself? Will it be low cost? High service? Convenient Locations? Flexible financing? High-touch? Mass produced?

The CEO decides, sets budgets, forms partnerships, sells off incompatible product lines, makes acquisitions, and hires a team to writing, steer the company accordingly. Modeling and setting the company’s culture, values, and behavior. The CEO’s second duty is building culture. Dissertation Economique? Work gets done through people, and writing people are profoundly affected by culture. A lousy place to work can drive away high performers. After all, they have their pick of hesse places to work. And a great place to work can attract and retain the problem writing very best. Culture is essay story built in dozens of ways, and the CEO sets the problem writing tone. Sectarian Violence Essay? Her every actionor inactionsends cultural messages (see Life Under a Magnifying Glass). Problem Writing? Clothes send signals about how formal the workplace is.

Who she talks to essay about friendship, signals who is and problem solving writing isn’t important. How she treats mistakes (feedback or failure?) sends signals about risk-taking. Who she fires, what she puts up with, and what she rewards shape the culture powerfully. This can not be emphasized enough! People imitate a CEO’s behavior when deciding how to act. The book Pre-suasion by Robert Cialdini, documents at summary, length the ways in which, for problem example, a dishonest CEO makes employees feel as if they can cut corners, steal from the company, and generally behave according to business internship cover letter, those same standards.

A project team worked weekends launching a multimedia web site on problem writing, a tight deadline. Their CEO was on holiday when the site launched. She didn’t call to congratulate the team. To her, it was a matter of keeping her personal life sacred. To the team, it was a message that her personal life was more important than the weekends and evenings they had put in to meet the deadline. Next time, they may not work quite so hard. The emotion and hermann essays effect on the culture was real, even if it wasn’t what the problem writing CEO intended.

Congratulations from the CEO on essay on importance of communication engineering, a job well done can motivate a team like nothing else. Silence can demotivate just as quickly. If vision is where the company is going, values tell how the company gets there. Values outline acceptable behavior. The CEO conveys values through actions and reactions to others. Slipping a ship schedule to problem, meet quality levels sends a message of type economique valuing quality. Not over-celebrating a team’s heroic recovery when they could have avoided a problem altogether sends a message about prevention versus damage control. People take their cues about interpersonal valuestrust, honesty, opennessfrom CEO’s actions as well. Building and leading the senior executive team. Team-building is the solving CEO’s #3 duty.

The CEO hires, fires, and leads the ocd case study senior management team. They, in turn, hire, fire, and lead the rest of the problem solving organization. The CEO must be able to hire and fire non-performers. She must resolve differences between senior team members, and essay story friendship keep them working together in a common direction. She sets direction by communicating the strategy and vision of where the company is going. Strategy sets the direction for solving writing the senior team, who in turn set it for the rest of the company.

With clear direction that everyone understands, the team can rally together and make it happen. Don’t underestimate the music internship letter power of problem setting direction. In 1991, at Intuit’s new employee orientation, CEO Scott Cook presented his vision of Intuit as the center of computerized personal finance. Intuit had just 120 employees and one product. Ten years later, it’s a billion-dollar company with thousands of employees and dozens of products.

Worldwide, it is the winner in essay of communication engineering, personal finance, bar none. The success is due in no small part to writing, every Intuit employee knowing and sharing the company’s vision and strategy. Allocating capital to the company’s priorities. Capital allocation is the on importance skills CEO’s #4 duty. The CEO sets budgets within the firm. She funds projects which support the writing strategy, and ramps down projects which lose money or don’t support the strategy. Plan Type Economique? She considers carefully the company’s major expenditures, and manages the firm’s capital. If the problem company can’t use each dollar raised from investors to produce at least $1 of shareholder value, she decides when to return money to the investors.

Some CEOs don’t consider themselves financial people, but at the end of the day, it is essay on importance their decisions that determine the company’s financial fate. [1] Pay no attention to the math background peeking from behind the curtain… back. Knowing the job description is a good first step for a CEO, but to know how she’s doing, she needs to design her own measurement system. Unlike inconvenient lower-level jobs, no one tells the Chief Executive how she’s doing. Do managers let her know she’s undermining their authority, making poor decisions, or communicating poorly? Not likely. Even when a CEO asks for honest feedback, the fear is there: non-flattering feedback may stall a promising career[1]. Even when a company uses 360-degree feedback, no one penalizes the CEO if she doesn’t act on the feedback.

The Board of Directors supposedly oversees the CEO, but they are far removed from solving writing, day-to-day actions. Over time, they can evaluate performance, but they look mainly at share price and company strategy. Music Business Internship? They are rarely interested in(or qualified to comment on!)the CEO’s daily behavior. But the CEO’s daily behavior will make or break the problem company! The CEO’s duties don’t change because they are unmeasured.

Indeed, lax measurement makes it easy for the CEO to feel confident, even when she shouldn’t. Good feedback is the only way to know what’s working, but share price simply doesn’t do it. External measures measure the company, not the link between the CEO’s actions. A low share price tells her something’s wrong, but it doesn’t help her figure out what. By measuring her performance based on her duties, a CEO can learn to do her job better. As explained in part 1, the of communication in civil CEO’s job is setting strategy and vision, building culture, leading the senior team, and allocating capital.

The last of problem writing these is easy to essay, measure. The first three are more of a challenge. How does a CEO know she’s doing the vision thing? It’s hard. Having vision isn’t enoughthat just takes a handful of problem writing mushrooms and a vision quest. Communicating the vision is the key. When people “get it,” they know how their daily job supports the vision.

If they can’t link their job to the vision, that tells a CEO that her communication is faulty, or she hasn’t helped her managers turn the vision into plan, actual tasks. Either way, a CEO can monitor her success as a visionary by questioning and problem listening for employees to link their jobs with the company vision. Culture building is subtle, the culture a CEO sees may be very different from the ocd case study summary culture of the rank-and-file. One company had a facilities policy that all equipment within 450 feet of the senior management offices was kept in top working order. Senior managers saw a smoothly running company, while everyone else saw neglect and carelessness.

Surveys about openness, values, and morale can be used to develop a measure of solving writing culture. The questions to ask aren’t rocket science. The book First, Break all the Rules gives a great questionnaire for measuring overall culture. Also, check turnover. Study? When 95% of your workforce says they can’t wait to problem, get to work, something is going right. If people rarely leave, and if it’s easy to attract top talent at ocd case, below-market prices, you can be sure the culture plays a large role. If people leave (especially your top performers), againlook to culture. And don’t underestimate the power of walking around and counting smiles. Problem? If people are having fun, it will show. The CEO’s success at team-building can often be measured through the team. Teams usually know when they’re effective.

They can also rate their team using assessments that measure specific behaviors. For example, “I can trust my teammates.” “My teammates deliver their part of the project on time.” “Every member knows what is expected of plan dissertation economique them.” Regular team self-assessments can help the solving CEO track the team’s progress and hone her abilities to keep the hermann team running smoothly[2]. Easiest to measure is solving writing a CEO’s capital allocation skill. In fact, financial measures are the in pakistan essay ones made public: earnings and share price. But how can a CEO link those to her actual decisions? Working with her CFO, a CEO can devise financial measures appropriate to her business. Solving Writing? Sometimes traditional measures are most appropriate, such as economic value added or return on assets (for a capital-intensive company). Other times, the CEO may want to invent business-specific measures, such as return on training dollars, for a company which values state-of-the-art training for employees. By monitoring several such measures, a CEO learns to link her budget decisions with company outcomes. Ultimately, the CEO’s should be creating more than a dollar of value for every dollar invested in the company.

Otherwise, her best bet is to return cash to the shareholders for them to invest in more productive vehicles. In startups, earnings begin low to nonexistent, and share price is more about salesmanship and vision than earnings. So the CEO gets almost no useful feedback about her capital allocation wisdom. She doesn’t know whether a dollar spent on a slightly nicer-than-necessary copy machine is wasted or is a wise investment in a long-term. Short Story About? Careful attention to the design and tracking of financial measures can help her prepare for the transition to problem solving, an earnings-driven company. In his 1988 Annual Report, Berkshire Hathaway chairman Warren Buffett included an excellent essay on CEO accountability. Click here to read Mr. Buffett’s observations on CEO measurement.

[1] The CEOs don’t help the problem. Many of my CEO clients highlight the value of violence in pakistan honest feedback from their coach. Yet they complain about employees who disagree with them, just don’t “get it” or don’t have enough information “to understand the real issues.” In a coaching call, they can hear feedback and consider it. At work, they treat disagreement as dissension, and then wonder why everyone’s a “Yes man.” back. Pitfalls and Solutions for solving the CEO. A CEO can tank a company by short, not understanding their duties, or failing to set up good measurement systems.

But it’s also true that the job itself can screw up the person, as well. It’s said that power corrupts, and few positions are more powerful than CEO. While the USA may be a democracy, our companies are legal dictatorships with the CEO calling the shots(1). While she may be having a great time playing Boss, the position may be taking a very human toll. It’s all too easy for the CEO to become a …; jerk(2) …; without realizing it. Problem? They can forgetif they ever knewwhat it was like to ocd case study summary, have a boss. Problem Writing? They are free to ignore feedback that they don’t want to hear, and hesse essays no one will call them to task for it.

They can bypass the solving chain of plan type dissertation command when they want to meddle. They can give themselves raises and genuinely believe they deserve it. And most dreadfully, they can forget what it is like to be “one of the little people”: don’t you have your nanny do that? The worker was an incredibly productive person.

She worked harder than the problem solving CEO, got more done, yet couldn’t have afforded a nanny if her life depended on it. The CEO didn’t intend to be a jerk, but his lack of empathy didn’t win many supporters. A CEO can become arrogant by externalizing blame. Having no day-to-day accountability for her actions can also turn a CEO sour. When things go wrong, she can blame everyone around her without facing her own shortcomings. “My employees just don’t get it,” proclaims the CEO, never thinking for a moment that she is the one who hired them. Did she hire incompetents? Or has she failed to story friendship, communicate goals consistently and solving writing clearly? “Market conditions have changed.” she declares. A nice excuse, but isn’t it the CEO’s job to anticipate the market and position the company for success under a variety of scenarios? Without someone to keep her honest, she can gradually absolve herself of all responsibility. Believing in a title can lead to short about, overconfidence.

Arrogance also threatens a CEO. “Because I am CEO, I must know the business better than anyone else.” It has been said, but it just isn’t true. No CEO can be an expert in all functional areas. A CEO who is doing her job is spending time with the big picture. If she knows the details better than her employees, she’s either hiring the wrong people or spending her time at the wrong levels of the organization. It’s appropriate for a CEO to manage operations if absolutely necessary, but she should quickly hire good operational managers and return to leading the whole business. If she also comes to problem, believe that the CEO title grants infallibility, watch out. Even the Pope is only infallible a couple of of communication engineering times each century. But CEOs can reinforce their delusions of problem writing grandeur by giving themselves higher salaries (surely she deserves it! After all, salary benchmarks show how underpaid she is) and story friendship more perks. Then when layoffs come, the CEO wants applause for having the moral strength to make “hard choices,” quietly overlooking how her own poor decision making led to the need for layoffs.

Of course, once infallible, there’s no more to problem, learn, and dissertation economique a CEO may quietly stop learning. Without daily oversight and high quality feedback on how she does her job, she can mistakenly believe her actions lead to success. In reality, she may be doing the wrong thing, but her staff may be working around the clock to cover for her. Furthermore, sins of omission aren’t penalized. A CEO who does an adequate job, but far less than she could/should have donegoes unnoticed. In hindsight, XYZ Software(3) could have had a $1 billion market niche, and writing gone public with a valuation of sectarian violence in pakistan tens of billions.

Instead, it stuck to one product, had little understanding of its markets, and ignored competition. Yet it still went public in problem solving, a $300-million IPO. Was management penalized for a lack of vision and essay on importance of communication skills market responsiveness? Hardly! The top managers walked off with $60 million apiece, reinforcing the notion that they had done a great job. Problem Solving? Yet with a slightly grander vision, the company might have been 10 or 100 times its size. Setting vision is the CEO’s job, but nothing tells her if her sights are too low.

She isn’t penalized for missing the grander vision. Such sins of omissions are a CEO’s worst enemy. She can be lulled into plan type economique, mediocrity by not knowing what would have been possible. The four-minute mile was considered impossible…until Roger Bannister ran it. Now, it’s commonplace. Likewise, a CEO may limit herself by solving writing, not realizing she can do her job better. Though salary benchmarks are common, performance benchmarks are surprisingly rare.

Quality learning demands a CEO benchmark herself against other superb CEO’s. Her central learning question is not “are you doing a good job?” but “are other CEOs doing a better job and if so, how can you learn to measure up?(4)“ (1) Ok, ok. Internship Cover Letter? Technically the Board of Directors has hire/fire authority over the CEO, but the Board can’t control day-to-day operations. And while there are certainly boards that replace inept CEOs, it takes sustained incompetence over problem a long time to move a board to action. So for practical purposes, the buck stops with the CEO. Ocd Case Study Summary? back. (2) Her employees may use less diplomatic terms. Problem Solving Writing? back.

(3) Names are changed to protect the innocent. back. Coaching tips to stay sane and skillful at the top of the heap. These coaching assignments will help an executive avoid some of the pitfalls of the CEO job. They are simple, easy, and won’t take much time. Plan Type Dissertation Economique? They’ll help a CEO stay connected with workers, keep herself humble, and increase her learning while becoming more successful. The suggestions strive to be quick and easy to problem writing, do, while still producing real results.

Make Space to ocd case summary, Practice These Assignments. Set aside 5 to 10 minutes, daily, to developing as a leader and problem human being. This will be the time you think about the below topics and set your mind for the day. Schedule the time if necessary. Just make sure that you do what’s right for your growth. Pace yourself.

Life is long. Essay Of Communication In Civil? Adopt these suggestions one or two at a time, and practice until you make them your own. Solving? Then move on. Forcing won’t help; this is dissertation about developing at writing, your own natural rhythm. Do one assignment for a few weeks, then move on to another. Keep the ones that work for essay of communication skills in civil engineering you and drop those that don’t. Staying connected with “the little people” Cultivate an attitude of respectyour respect for them. The “little people” are the ones turning your vision into reality. Meditate on this for a few minutes and ask yourself whether you can their jobs as well as they can.

If you can, then you’re not hiring the right peoplego change that! Otherwise, once a day, go talk to one of your low-level employeessomeone more capable than you in their area of problem expertiseand learn from them. Choose a different person each day. Get as close to the front line workers as possible. Listen with an essays open mind and learn. Learn about solving writing their job. Ask what works for business internship them and what doesn’t. Above all, listen to problem solving writing, their comments without judgment. Your goal is to connect with their experience of the world, not impose your own. Study? Learn about problem solving their life. Find out what motivates them.

Why did they come work for you instead of somewhere else? Simply by spending a few minutes understanding their life, you can greatly increase your appreciation of how they’re different (and similar!). Share your vision and job with them, from a position of service. Pretend that your job is to make this person a success. Ask them how their job fits into the work the company does.

If they don’t know, take on the responsibility of music internship helping them understand how their job links to the vision. Solving? Clarify any confusion they may have about where the company is going. Type Dissertation Economique? And ask them what you can do to problem, help them succeed at doing their best. Then do it. Acknowledge, often! Without your employees, your dreams and plans wouldn’t amount to much. Sectarian In Pakistan? Take every available opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of problem those around you and give them credit, especially in in pakistan essay, public. Feedback is writing rare in most companies, and positive feedback is rarest of all(1). “Get” that it’s all your responsibility. Summary? When things don’t go the way you want, take responsibilitywhether or not it’s your fault. The mindset of responsibility will put you in a much more powerful place than the mindset of problem solving writing blame.

Regularly review circumstances asking, “What could I do differently (or stop doing) to make a positive difference?” Identify the action and then take it. You’ll be surprised how much more power you have over violence in pakistan essay externalities, operating from responsibility rather than blame. Gather honest advisors to solving, hold you accountable for on importance of communication skills your behavior. Sometimes a Board of Directors will give honest feedback, but they are removed from your day-to-day behavior. Actively solicit feedback from writing, third parties: friends, peers, associates. Share your issues and how you’re handling them, and business cover ask for an honest assessment. Everyone in a company is accountable to someone for their behavior, except the CEO. Make yourself accountable as best you can. Identify your limits. Solving Writing? Ask, “can someone else in the world do my job better than I am currently doing it?” If the answer is Yes, seek out that person and ask for their guidance in getting better.

If the answer is No, validate that answer by essay about, asking your advisors, competitors, suppliers, customers, and employees. Many companies have crashed and burn because they believe they were the best, for no good reason but pride and ego. Create measurable performance criteria for your executive team, including yourself. Writing? Make sure people within the organization know your goals, and know what you can be counted on hermann hesse, to do. Hold yourselves accountable. If you don’t meet your goals, withhold your bonus, take no raise, and treat yourself exactly as you would treat an employee who missed their targets. It sends a powerful message to the company that you’re serious about performance. Ask your direct reports, your Board of Directors, and anyone else you work with for feedback a couple of times a year. You can use a 360-degree feedback process or simply ask in problem, an e-mail.

It’s a lot easier to hear feedback on your performance if you’ve explicitly asked for it. Videotape yourself receiving bad news. Internship Cover? Watch the videotape and decide whether or not you would want to work for that person. If the answer is No, learn to chill when you hear bad news. Study excellent CEOs . Call a CEO you admire and invite them to problem solving writing, lunch. Exchange tips and adopt tactics that others have found useful. Read books like First, Break All the Rules, which are broad-based studies of habits of top-performers.

Adopt at essay friendship, least one new habit a month. Create systems for gathering feedback. Interview customers, competitors, analysts, and problem solving others in hesse essays, your industry to know how your company and products are perceived. Make sure you’re gathering feedback that will disconfirm your beliefs about the world, as much as confirms it. For example, if you think you’re #1 in your market, don’t just ask customers why they like your products. Ask what other products they use, and how your products fall short. Spend time learning about the fundamentals of a CEO’s job: Setting strategy. The strategy and vision for problem solving the company determine where everyone will focus their efforts. Find a vision and strategy and use it to align your entire company.

Creating the essay short story friendship corporate culture. Problem Solving Writing? Your culture will determine what people do and don’t try, who will stay, who will leave, and how business will get done. Culture starts with you. Decide how you want people to act and start modeling the behavior publicly. Capital allocation. Every dollar you raise and spend should produce more than $1 of return for the company, or it’s a waste of money. Learn how to make these judgements.

Hiring and Firing. Essay? The job of executives is solving primarily team and culture building. Hiring and firing are must-have skills. Read, take classes, and review past hiring successes and mistakes. Music Internship Letter? Do whatever you can to hone your abilities. Hold yourself to higher standards next year than you did this year.

Challenge yourself to learn to get more done with fewer hours and fewer resources while creating a more balanced life for yourself. These are just a few of the things you can do to increase your chances for solving success as a senior executive. I also believe in working with a coach to identify and hesse essays overcome (or compensate for) blocks in problem solving writing, your performance. Success can be had with many different skill sets. The more you learn about yourself and your capabilities, the better you will be able to shape a job that works for you. Study? The more you learn about the capabilities of writing those around you, the better you will be able to build teams that produce spectacular results. (1) Social psychology has shown that rewarding desired behavior is far more effective than punishing bad behavior or non-performance. For reasons that aren’t entirely clear, our culture has evolved around using punishment as the main way of controlling behavior. Unfortunately, punishment doesn’t work very well. Interestingly, animal trainers have known this for years.

For an excellent book on the subject, check out essay about, Don’t Shoot the Dog by Karen Pryor. back. Whether you’re a C-suite executive or just starting your career, you need to be able to produce results fast. Stever gives simple, practical advice for eliminating distractions, honing in on what’s most important, and reaching your goals faster and with more fun. Writing? Put his advice into action and increase your impact! 1996-2017, Stever Robbins, Inc.

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100 Easy Causal Analysis Essay Topics. VirginiaLynne has been a University English instructor for over 20 years. She specializes in helping people write essays faster and easier. Writing? Causal analysis essays answer the essay short friendship question, Why? Many times, answer to this question can't be proved absolutely, so sometimes this essay is called a speculating about causes essay. To write it, you will describe what happens and then state your answer (aka thesis) about the writing cause, providing support for your answer with reasons and evidence. • Why do people do that? • Why does this happen? • Why is this a trend? • Why does it occur?

What causes people to develop phobias? Why do some people become addicted to gambling when others can gamble and not become addicted? What causes people to type, rise above a disadvantaged background such as poverty, a single-parent household, or abusive parents? What are the writing chemical causes of falling in plan type economique, love? What causes feeling of romantic attraction to solving, fade? What causes love at first sight? Why do people lose their memories as they get older? Why do people need to sleep? Why do we develop muscle memory for some repetitive actions? Why do people experience nightmares? Why do some marriages last for a lifetime?

Why do we have short and essay short friendship, long term memory? Why do people get dyslexia? Why do we respond physically to fear? Why do we yawn (or hiccup, or stretch)? Why can people, who have their eyes closed, sense objects they are approaching but not yet touching? What makes some people introverts and problem, others extroverts? Why is methamphetamine so addictive?

Why do people crave sugar? Why do some families look so much alike, while others don't? Why do first born children tend to be achievers? Why do people snore? Why do people lie? Why do people blush?

Why do people hate? Why do teenagers rebel against their parents? Why do teens get acne? Why do teens sleep so much? Why do teens cut themselves? Why do people commit suicide? Why do teens engage in sexting? Why do young people start smoking when they know it causes cancer?

Why do young people sometimes get cancer? or have heart attacks? Why do teenagers use drugs? Why do college students binge drink? Why do young people become homeless? Why do young people join gangs?

Why do young people make graffiti? Why do fewer young people vote (compared to older generations)? Why don't younger people donate blood? or become organ donors? Why don't teenage relationships last? Why don't teenagers read? Why don't teen marriages last?

Why are teenagers more optimistic than older people? Why are young people better at learning languages than older people? Why do adolescent girls need more iron than adults or boys their age? Why do teenage girls idolize male celebrities? Why do adolescents need protein? Why do adolescent girls mature faster than boys? Why do adolescents need to establish their own identity? What type of Why question most interests you? Why do animals have tails? Why do some animals like to be petted? Why do elderly people with pets live longer, healthier, and happier lives?

Why are pets good for kids? Why do dogs eat strange things like grass and poop? Why do cats show pleasure by friendship purring and solving writing, kneading? Why do cats like to hermann hesse essays, sleep in boxes and problem, other strange places? Why do cats who are well-fed still hunt?

Why do birds build elaborate nests? Why do monarch butterflies migrate long distances? Why do ants and bees live in colonies? Why do wolves howl? Why did humans domesticate wolves and study, breed them to become dogs?

Why do some insects and jellyfish glow? What causes tides? Or the wind? What causes insects like crickets and cicadas to make such loud noises? Why are animals used in research? Why are animals afraid of humans? Why is larger size an problem solving, advantage for animals in colder climates? Why do small dogs live longer than bigger dogs?

Why are some animals becoming endangered? Why is nature so therapeutic? Why are insects attracted to light? Why are insects the most successful animals on earth? Why are microbes important to violence essay, human beings? Why are so many Americans against the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)?

Why are some Euro countries like Greece in such economic turmoil? Why are rates of AIDS transmission higher in Africa than elsewhere? Why do Japanese couples delay marriage? Why does Japan have higher suicides rates than many other countries? Why are large typhoons and hurricanes like Haiyan happening more frequently? What has caused the unrest in the Middle East which resulted in the Arab Spring Movement and Syria's civil war? What caused the Great Recession of 2008?

Why are random shootings becoming more common in the U.S.? What causes terrorist groups to target certain countries? (You could choose a country.) What caused the U.S. Problem? government shut down of business cover, 2013? Why is North Korea so closed to the rest of the world? Or why is it becoming more belligerent toward other nations? Why are more and problem solving, more people moving to large cities and away from rural areas? (You could talk about this worldwide or apply this question to one country or region of the world.) Why has the essay in civil neo-conservative movement developed in problem solving, American politics? Why has neo-Nazism been on the rise in Germany? Why is China going to ease up on the one-child policy? Why did Donald Trump win in the 2016 election? Why have the police been targeted by gunmen recently in the U.S.? Why are terrorists choosing to use vehicles as weapons? Why did the violence Arab Spring movement not lead to successful democratic societies?

Why is Twitter the medium of choice for problem writing, Donald Trump? What caused the French Revolution? What caused the of communication development of problem solving, American slavery system? What caused the settlement of Australia by the English? What caused the cover letter colonization of Africa? Why does English have so many words of French origin? Why is writing, English the main language used around the world in business and story about friendship, science?

Why does India have a caste system? Why are the Chinese still interested in religion after years of atheist communism? What caused the great Chinese famine in problem solving writing, the Great Leap Forward? What caused the black plague of the Middle Ages to plan type dissertation economique, stop? What caused Great Britain to adopt the parliamentary system? Why does America have an problem writing, educational system that is different from the European system used by most of the rest of the world?

Why, according to the 2000 U.S. Census information, did more Americans identify with German ancestry (15%) than any other heritage (Irish was second at 10%, and African American was third at 8%)? Why did Japan attack the U.S. at Pearl Harbor? or Why did America drop an atomic bomb to plan type dissertation economique, end the war? Why is it important to study history? (Depending on solving, how you answer, this could be worked into a causal essay topic.) After choosing your topic question, you can research online to on importance of communication skills in civil, get some ideas of possible answers. Title: The causal question makes a great title for problem solving writing, your essay. However, you should probably make the question as short as possible for the title. Sectarian In Pakistan Essay? Your answer to the question will be the thesis of problem solving writing, your paper. Introduction: Start your introduction by interesting your reader in the topic and describing the situation or effect. See the chart for easy introduction and conclusion ideas. The end of your introduction will be your cause question and thesis. Thesis: Start your thesis by type dissertation economique asking your question and then answering it.

To make your thesis into solving writing, a clear roadmap of what you will talk about in hermann hesse essays, your essay, add a because followed by the three reasons you will give in the body of your essay. Body: Be careful to write the reasons in parallel format. Problem Solving? Sample Thesis: Why do people enjoy being scared at music internship cover a horror movie? Humans enjoy scary movies because they feel an emotional release in solving, watching and talking with other people about the of communication engineering experience, and they get a vicarious thrill in writing, seeing the forbidden on the screen. Essay On Importance Of Communication In Civil Engineering? (Of course, you can have more than just three reasons, and you may have several paragraphs on problem writing, one reason if you have several parts of that reason to discuss.) Topic Sentences of Body: For your body paragraphs, take your three reasons and turn them into essay story friendship, full sentences. Those are your topic sentences for problem solving, the body paragraphs of your essay. Essay? Gather evidence from your own observations and from research. Conclusion: In the conclusion, you want to problem solving writing, either urge the on importance in civil reader to believe your reasons or give a final point. See ideas in solving writing, the chart below. Easy Introductions and essay skills engineering, Conclusions. 100 Easy Illustration Essay Topics. by Virginia Kearney 3. Problem Solving Writing? How to cover, Write a Summary, Analysis, and Response Essay Paper With Examples. by Virginia Kearney 56. Summary, Analysis, Response Essay Example. by Virginia Kearney 0. 100 Easy Argumentative Essay Topic Ideas with Research Links and Sample Essays. by solving writing Virginia Kearney 32.

100 Science Topics for business cover, Research Papers. by solving Virginia Kearney 109. Sectarian In Pakistan? Easy Words to Use as Sentence Starters to Write Better Essays. by Virginia Kearney 129. Problem Writing? this really helped! Virginia Kearney 23 months ago from story, United States. Breathing, I am glad that this post helped you. I have many more articles about writing. Problem Writing? Please look at my How to Write a Cause Essay for introduction and conclusion ideas and Technology Topics for essay skills engineering, Research Essays for more topics.

Sajib 23 months ago from problem writing, Bangladesh. Thanks a lot for posting such a wonderful and helpful post! It will help us a lot who always look to create great casual analysis essays. Sectarian Violence Essay? Really you have some excellent and breathtaking ideas! These questions always come to our mind but very few us are able to find the answers.

I hope you will also shed some light on the following issues: 1. A few similar questions on writing, the technology niche. 2. A few exciting ideas about the body like the introductory and concluding ideas. Sectarian Violence? If I get these things it will help me specially and lot of others. Hoping to have some more great things from you!

Kathryn Lane 23 months ago. This was really helpful, thank you! Thank you so much! Kader 3 years ago from problem solving, Algeria. Nice and sectarian violence in pakistan essay, helpful tips on which teach rely and reffer to.Thank you so much.

Maree Michael Martin 3 years ago from Northwest Washington on an Island. Very helpful. I love all these questions and essay topics, thanks. Dianna Mendez 3 years ago. Another great post for teachers and students! I always learn to much from your sharing. Thank you! Virginia Kearney 3 years ago from United States.

Thanks Hezekiah--I am hoping that I can help people. Writing? So many of the people who teach the beginning levels of college English are graduate students who are just beginning teachers themselves. Hesse? I know how hard it can be to come up with good lesson plans and instructions. That is why I've decided to post my own notes and problem solving writing, instructions that I've developed in teaching for over 20 years. Hezekiah 3 years ago from Japan. Study Summary? Nice tips there, I wish I would have known these while I was still at Uni or High School. Writing? Copyright 2017 HubPages Inc. and respective owners. Other product and company names shown may be trademarks of internship cover letter, their respective owners.

HubPages ® is a registered Service Mark of HubPages, Inc. HubPages and Hubbers (authors) may earn revenue on this page based on affiliate relationships and writing, advertisements with partners including Amazon, Google, and others. Copyright 2017 HubPages Inc. and respective owners.

Essay on Rural Development in India. Read this essay to problem solving writing, learn about Rural Development in India. After reading this essay you will learn about:- 1. Introduction to ocd case study summary, Rural Development 2. Activities and Experiments Undertaken for Rural Development 3. The Rural Development Programmes 4. Problem Solving Writing! Institutions 5. Observations and Problems 6. Suggestions. Essay on the Introduction to essays, Rural Development Essay on the Activities and Experiments Undertaken for Rural Development Essay on the Rural Development Programmes Essay on the Institutions for writing, Rural Development in India Essay on the Observations and Problems of Rural Development Essay on the Suggestions for Rural Development in India. 1. Essay on the Introduction to Rural Development: The definition of Rural is residuary become all over sectarian in pakistan the world that is problem solving writing, defined as an urban area and whatever is not urban known as rural. In India a settlement is defined as urban if it fulfils either of the following conditions, were adopted in the 1991 census: (i) All statutory towns, i.e.; all places with a municipality corporation, municipality board, cantonment board or notified town area etc. (ii) A minimum population of 5,000. (iii) At least 75 per cent of the Male working population engaged in non-agricultural and allied activity, (iv) A density of population of at least 400 persons per music internship cover square kilometres. Thus, the term ‘Rural’ essentially means an area, which is characterised as non-urban style of life, occupational structure and problem writing, settlement pattern.

‘Development’ in general refers to the process of ocd case summary a general improvement in problem solving, levels of living together, decreasing inequality in incomes and the capacity to sustain continuous improvements overtime. Thus the term Rural Development is essay on importance skills engineering, viewed as an solving, activity of a series of activities or a process, which either improves the immediate living conditions-economic, social, political, cultural and environmental or increases the potential for future living or both of the rural people. The Royal commission on Agriculture defined Rural Development as: “We cannot too strongly state our conviction that the directorship of agriculture is one of the key posts in Rural Development and that agricultural advance must in a very great degree depend upon the stability of the officer.” The taskforce appointed by the Planning Commission on Integrated Rural Development in 1972 defined Rural Development as: “After a careful consideration we have belatedly decided to take what might be considered a rather restricted view of the expression. ‘Rural Development’ we have chose to equate it with agricultural development in the widest sense so as to embrace besides crop husbandry, all the story about friendship allied activities.” According to the view of World Bank “Rural Development as a strategy design to improve the economic and social life of problem solving a specific group of people – The rural (people) poor.

It involves extending the sectarian violence benefits of development to solving writing, the poorer among those who seek a livelihood in rural areas. The group includes small-scale farmers, tenants and the landless.” Rural Development means a strategy to improve the sectarian economic and problem solving writing, social life of the rural poor and the rural weak in the overall spectrum of development and growth. Of Communication In Civil! It is not only important to raise the agricultural productivity and the rate of overall economic growth in solving writing, the rural areas, but also it is to ensure that the poor and weaker sections share the benefit. “Rural Development as a process in complex and involves the interaction of economic, social, political, technological and ocd case, other situational factors.

These have to be integrated with Government policies and plans with the objective of problem writing improving the quality of life of the people in hermann hesse essays, the villages”. Rural Development encompasses: (i) Improvement in problem solving, levels of living, including employment, education, health and nutrition housing and a variety of about friendship social services. (ii) Decreasing inequality in solving, distribution of rural incomes and in rural-urban balances in music cover letter, incomes and economic opportunities and. (iii) The capacity of the solving writing rural sector to sustain and accelerate the pace of hermann hesse these improvements. The critical element in the Rural Development is improvement living standards of the poor through opportunities for better utilisation of their physical and human resources in the absence of this utilisation of rural resources has no functional significance.

Making the process of rural development self-sustaining of capital and use of technology for the benefit of the poor but their active involvement in the building up of institutions as well as functioning of problem solving writing these. There are a number of definitions of rural development. But that varies according to ocd case summary, time, priority and nature of rural activities. Despite of differences, the academicians, planners and policy makers have always laid emphasis for the all-round development of the rural activities. However, Rural Development as a concept and as series of experiments in problem writing, alternative methods of organising production, welfare and exchange in rural activities has a long history and is not the monopoly of any single system or country. Hermann! Its recent popularity however is mainly symptomatic of the failure of technocratic and growth strategies pursued by most developing countries in the 1950s and 1960s.

Academics, nationals and international policy makers are carrying out the search for solution to problem solving writing, the twin problems of rural poverty and unemployment. The noted Western economists like, Kuznets, Gerschenkron, Floud and Mccloskey provide useful insights into the history of economic development of the present day developed countries. The growth of output and productivity in summary, these countries during last 10 to solving, 15 decades has been qualitatively different from that observed in essay story about, earlier periods. Modern Economic growth since the late 18th century is different from periods of growth in earlier times in three specific respects. Firstly, the ownership and use of economic surplus were 34 Rural Development in India separated for the first time. Those who used this surplus as capital in the production process did not necessarily own it as they did in the land-based feudal pre-industrial system.

Secondly, extensive use of an problem solving writing, acceptable unit of exchange called money helped in expansion of market, which made specialization and mobility possible. Lastly, mobility of both capital and ocd case summary, labour in problem solving writing, pursuit of higher gains to urban areas and distant lands occurred on an unprecedented scale. The consequent increase in output and productivity were substantial and sustained over a long period of time. These impressive increases were also accompanied by growth of population and large-scale migration from not only rural to urban areas but from nation to nation and plan economique, from continent to continent. Historically experience suggests that, when seen in long-term perspective, economic growth has been accompanied by specialisation centralization, maximization, urbanization and writing, industrialization. History shows that, poverty has been diminished by the growth of labour increased productivity in violence in pakistan essay, the agricultural sector and migration of labour to urban non-agricultural activities. The population movement occurred mainly because industry could offer the incentive of higher wages and solving writing, better employment opportunities. The role of the about State has been changing significantly since the Eighteenth Century. Traditionally the Government’s activities could be divided into three departments namely, defense, Public works and internal administration. A healthy balance among the three ensured stable regimes with the advent of modern economic development; the “Public works” component has been an expanding area of writing State activity.

Modern development policy makers while, recognising the importance of plan infrastructure have been rather ambiguous about the contents of infrastructure is one of the very few illuminating contributions on the subject. Infrastructure includes all things provided by solving, the State, which promote directly or indirectly productive activities. Transport, irrigation, power, water supply, health, education and urban services are considered important elements of infrastructure. In a mixed economy, with a relatively important public sector, provision of infrastructure has to summary, be carefully planned and provided by the State. The State playing an important role in development. Policy makers and planners have started devoting more to “rural development’ in their declarations and documents on national planning policies. In various ways and for various motives they have attempted to relate to the problems of their own rural poor. Despite, substantial and impressive increase in growth of writing agricultural and food outputs in some regions of a number of developing countries the plight of small and marginal farmers, agricultural and landless labourers, artisans and small retailers has not been improved significantly. In India the term ‘Rural Development’ is not a very old phenomenon. Early in the century their exist the British rule. In that time, rural development was a minor symphony in the governmental orchestra.

The functions of the Government were limited and even the spread of each function was narrowly restricted. Thus, Development cannot but be of minor meaning and significance in hesse essays, the structure of the priorities of colonialism, which was also reflected in the rural areas. The decade 1920-30 was very significant from the view of early pioneering efforts at rural development in India. The noted social Thinkers, Educationists, Politicians started such efforts in our country; in early 20s. 2. Essay on the Activities and Experiments Undertaken for Rural Development: Programmes and Projects in Pre-Independence Periods: The important activities and experiments undertaken for rural development in writing, Pre-Independence periods are: (i) Sriniketan Experiments:

This programme was pioneered by noted scholar of the country Rabindranath Tagore. The important objective of the experiment was Economic and Moral rehabilitation of the rural community. (ii) Martandum Project: One Rural Reconstruction Programme was initiated by Spancer Hatch at Martandum (South Travancore) in plan economique, 1921. Martandum rural reconstruction Centre was opened with a five- sided programme popularly called as “The Five Sided Triangle” Comprising Spirit, Mind, Body, Economic and Social side. The philosophy of rural reconstruction embraced principles known as “Pillars of Policy”. The principle of ‘Self Help’ was maintained.

The project became the solving centre of skills engineering comprehensive programmes of rural development. (iii) The Gurugaon Experiment: The important village uplift movement was initiated by problem solving, I.L.Brayne the Deputy Commissioner of Gurugaon district in 1920. This village development programme called as the “Gurugaon Scheme”. The Gurugaon Scheme claimed to deal with the whole life and essay of communication skills in civil engineering, the activity of the writing peasant and his family and to present a complete remedy from the terrible conditions in with they lived. (iv) Rural Reconstruction Movement in Baroda: The important rural reconstruction centre was set up in 1932 and the work commenced in in civil engineering, a group of solving writing villages round Kosamba (Navasri district). The movement aimed at violence in pakistan essay, improvement in all aspect of rural life, changing the outlook of the agriculturists, the attainment of higher standard of living. (v) Sarvodaya Scheme of Bombay: This scheme was based on the Gandhiji’s idea of Sarvodaya. Solving! The important aim of the project is to stop migration of youths to nearest towns and cities.

The supply of food for all, adequate medical facilities, free education, local self-Government, self-employment through cottage industries were highlighted in the programme. (vi) Firka Development Scheme: The Firka Development Scheme aimed at the attainment of the Gandhian ideal of “Village Swaraj” by brining about not only the education, economic, sanitary and other improvements of village along with the revitalisation of the spirit if people and to make them self-confident and self-reliant. The schemes involved close coordination with the various Government services like, agriculture, veterinary, irrigation, industries, medical and communication departments. The scheme was later merged with the ocd case study National Extension Services in 1953-54. Programmes and Projects in Post-Independence Period: Programmes and projects were also launched in post-independence and pre-planning periods. The important among them are: (1) The Pilot Development Project of Etawah: The Project began under the sponsorships of the provincial Governments of Uttar Pradesh in late 1948. The important objectives of the writing project were to increase the degree of productivity, social improvements, promotion of self-confidence and cooperation. The pilot project at Etawah treated as one of the hermann hesse essays most successful rural development project of the writing World.

The project also exhibited the exemplary Cooperation and Coordination of Government, volunteers and short about, others. (2) The Nilokheri Experiment : India divided in problem solving writing, 1947. The Rehabilitation of music internship cover letter displaced persons coming from Pakistan gathered importance. In order to provide them gainful employment a new township was developed at writing, Nilokheri in 1948 with the efforts of Sri S.K.Dey. Sri Dey evolved a faith were to activate and support a triple charter of rights such as: (i) Right to skills engineering, live, (ii) Right to work for living and. (iii) Right to receive what is solving writing, earned. To give a practical shape to this charter or rights a new scheme known as the “Mazdoor Manzil” was drawn up. The basic concept of the Mazdoor Manzil was to stop the sectarian violence one-way traffic of labour, material, skill and culture from problem, villages to town. The township was intended to include institutions for medical relief and sanitation, Higher Education, Technical and Vocational Training, Veterinary aid and agricultural extension embracing agriculture, horticulture, poultry, piggery, fishery, sheep breeding and other forms of animal husbandry. The project was highly appreciated by the then Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

The Planning for Rural Development have been received utmost attention by the planners and policy makers along with the plan dissertation National Plan for Economic Development. Problem Writing! The rural development strategies were also adopted by planners as per essay short story the methods and problem, strategies adopted for the economic development of the essay on importance in civil country. India adopted both the centralised and problem writing, decentralised planning models in the process of its planned economic development. The First Five Year Plan (1950-51 to 1955-56) adopted the Harrod-Domar model of capital accumulation and saving mobilisation as its methodological approach towards planning. Under this approach, the process of economic development must start from the villages.

In this context, the sectarian in pakistan essay mobilization of peoples participation was required. In order to implement this ideology the Community Development Programme (CDP) was conceived. The Block administration was created as a centre of Rural Development activities. This programme failed as blocks were quite big and problem solving, left the weaker section untouched. The programme was also implemented in Orissa. The State planning machinery followed the objectives and guidelines fixed by Central Government.

The Second Five Year Plan (1955-56 to 1960-61) based on Feldman-Mahalnobis model of sectoral growth. Music Business! This strategy emphasised investment in solving, heavy industry to achieve industrialization, which was assumed to be the basic condition for rapid economic development. A good deal of reliance was placed on cottage and small industries with the aim of reducing rural under employment, unemployment. As against this background no important specialised rural development programme was launched during the second plan period. However, steps were taken to strengthen the ongoing community development programme. In this respect the, need for viable institutional base was felt and the Panchayati Raj System was introduced during the plan period. Besides, specialised rural economic development programmes like, Intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP), Khadi and Village Industries Programme (KVI), Multi-purpose Tribal Development, Village Housing Projects/Schemes were also introduced in rural areas of the country. As a part of the Union, the specialised sectoral development programmes were also introduced in Orissa. In the Third Five Year Plan (1960-61-to-1965-66) all round agricultural development was envisaged. Increased agricultural production in summary, the farm sector and activities allied to agriculture received topmost priority during the problem plan period.

The important agricultural development programmes bringing green revolution strategy like Intensive Agricultural Area Programme (IAAP) and High Yield Varieties Programme (HYVP) were implemented in music business internship, the country. It is observed that, the benefits accrued only to rich and progressive peasants. Once again, landless and agricultural labourers were left untouched. Besides, rural industries project for the promotion of village industries was also launched during the said plan period. Health and Nutrition is regarded as important inputs required for improvement in the quality of life. To ensure appropriate and problem, adequate nutrition to the children, for their growth Applied Nutrition Programme was introduced during the hermann Third Five Year Plan. The Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-74) in solving, the name of “Growth with social justice” initiated efforts towards uplifting the vulnerable sections of rural society. In this connection a number of ‘area development oriented’ and ‘Target Oriented’ programmes were introduced. Programmes such as Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA), Small Farmers and Agricultural Labourers Development Agency (MFAL), Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP), Tribal Area Development Programme (TADP) were introduced as the important rural development programmes.

These rural development programmes did succeed, but only in limited areas and sectarian, numbers. This plan paved the problem solving path for hesse, a number of rural development and poverty alleviation programmes in the country. These programmes were implemented through the existing administrative apparatus at block and village levels. Employment generation programmes like, Crash Scheme for Rural Employment and Pilot Intensive Rural Employment Programme were also launched during the plan period. The Fifth Plan (1974-79) based on the Inter-sectoral transactions model of Leontief which emphasised on strengthening the inter-sectoral linkages for balanced growth in sectors. The most important objectives of the Fifth Plan Period was: (i) Removal of problem solving writing poverty and.

(ii) Achievement of self-reliance. In order to attain these objectives. Plan Type Dissertation Economique! The Programmes like, Command Area Development Programme (CADP), Hill Area Development Programme (HADP), Minimum Needs Programme (MNP), Food for Work Programme (FFW) were introduced, during the plan period. Besides, in order to promote small-scale, village and cottage industries the District Industries Centres (DICs) were set up in all districts of the country. The 20-point Economic Programme was also introduced during the said plan period. The Sixth Five Year Plan (1980-85) aimed at problem writing, the removal of ocd case study poverty, growth, modernisation, self-reliance and social justice. In order to attain all-round development in rural areas, one single integrated programme called Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was conceived.

IRDP is regarded as a multi-level, multi-sector and multi-section concept of rural development. As a multi-level concept it encompasses rural development at various levels such as viable cluster of village communities, districts and problem solving, blocks. As a multi- sector concept, it embraces development in various sectors and sub-sectors of the rural areas such as agriculture, industry, education, health and transportation etc. As a multi-section concept, it encompasses socio-economic development of various sections and sub-sections of rural population such as Small farmers, Marginal farmers, Landless and agricultural labourers, Artisans, Scheduled Castes and study, Scheduled Tribes. Besides IRDP, the employment generation programmes like, National Rural Employment Programme (NREP), Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP), Economic Rehabilitation or Rural Poor (ERRP), Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM), Self Employment for the Educated Unemployed Youths (SEEUY). Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) etc. Writing! were also introduced during the said plan period. The important objectives of the Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-90) were; building an independent self-reliant economy, establishment of short friendship social system based on equity and justice, reduction of regional imbalance and adoption of advanced technologies.

The plan intended; to continue the rural development programmes launched/implemented during the Sixth Five Year Plans. Besides, some rural infrastructural development programmes like, Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) Integrated Rural Energy Planning Programme (IREP), Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY), Million Wells Scheme (MWS), etc. were implemented as the special rural development programmes during the plan period. The Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-97) aimed at generation of adequate employment opportunities, Universalisation of elementary education, provision of safe drinking water and primary health care facilities, and strengthening the infrastructure. The special rural development and poverty alleviation programmes implemented in earlier plans were also intended to continue during the Eighth Five Year Plan. In order to boost earlier infrastructure and employment generation programmes the writing new and culmination programmes like, Intensified Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (IJRY), Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS), Operation Black Board (OBB), and District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) were introduced. The Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-2002) aimed at generating employment opportunities in essay short, the secondary sector, all-round development of agricultural sector, strengthening the rural economy through development of agro-based industries, small- scale village and cottage industries and problem solving, elimination of poverty. As against these objectives, the programmes for self- employment, and supplementary wage employment and other programmes intended to continue during the Ninth Plan with some modifications. These important antipoverty programmes include the IRDP, TRYSEM, JRY, IAY, IJRY, SFPP, DPAP and EAS etc. The IRDP, DWCRA, TRYSEM, MWS were in operation till the end of 1998-99. It was felt that; this fragmented approach with a multiplicity of essay about friendship schemes was not able to problem solving writing, focus on the needs of the rural poor in a coherent manner. Hence these schemes were amalgamated by Government of India and merged into business internship a single new scheme called Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) with effect from 1.4.1999.

In order to solving writing, create adequate infrastructural development the Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY) was also implemented on the same date. All the plan strategies for essay skills engineering, rural development based on problem writing various approaches like, growth-based approach in sectarian in pakistan, first Three Five Year Plans (First Five Year Plan, Second Five Year Plan, Third Five Year Plan), which was popularly known as trickle down approach. The Fourth Five Year Plan based on Target group approach. The Fifth Five Year Plan highlights the target group approach with equal importance to Minimum Needs approach to rural development. The Sixth, Seventh, Eighth and solving, Ninth Five Year Plan in our country adopt the target group approach for rural development. The important elements of rural development strategies are: (1) Appropriate Institutional Arrangements. (2) Labour – Intensive agriculture and Minor development works. (3) A hierarchy of development centres to bridge the violence in pakistan essay wide gap between rural and urban areas and self- reliance.

(4) An active policy for social development, and. (5) Appropriate Organisational arrangements. The Rural Development Programmes based on various approaches and strategies. These are varies according to plan and problem solving writing, the Nature of the programme. However, all the Rural Development Programmes have its own feature, objectives finance system, implementation and monitoring as well as success and music business cover letter, failure. The discussion on some of the important rural development programme will throw light in this respect. 3. Essay on solving writing the Rural Development Programmes in India: India started her planned economic development through Five Year Plans in type dissertation, the year 1950-51. The economy of the Country has been dominated by the rural and problem solving, traditional economic sectors.

The productivity of these sectors has not changed significantly over the period of 50 years. The existence of massive unemployment and of communication skills, poverty is the common feature of solving Indian economy in short story friendship, general and rural economy in particular. The infrastructure of the country has not developed up to the world standard. It is proper to mention here that, we have achieved little over the period of 50 years of problem solving writing planned economic development. The planners and policy makers have been laid best possible efforts for the development of the economy and rural development. Due to a number of factors, desired success has not been achieved so far. However, we would like to discuss some of the important rural development programmes implemented in our country as well as the states and Union Territories from time to essay on importance of communication, time. The aims and problem solving, objectives of these programmes are national in nature and the progress and achievements are based on the secondary data available.

As one of the under developed state, the progress and achievements of rural development programmes of Orissa. Some comparative analysis of the R.D. Programmes implemented in short story, the country and the State Orissa is also made. Since 1951 a number of problem rural development programmes have been implemented in hermann, our Country. Writing! Among such programmes/schemes, twenty five important rural development programmes considered for analysis. These programmes covers all plan periods i.e.; First Five Year Plan (1950-51 to 1955-56) to Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-97). (i) Community Development Programme (CDP): India as an independent Country started its planned economic development process in business internship cover, the year 1950-51.

The First Five Year Plan 1950-51 to 1955-56 based on methodical approach. The noted Harrod-Domar Model of development was adopted in the said plan. The model emphasised on capital accumulation and saving. The process of writing economic development must start from the village was also emphasised in the first plan. In this context, the mobilisation of people’s participation is essential and to implement this ideology, the Community Development Programme (CDP) was conceived. The Community Development Programme was launched on 2nd October 1952.

A general village community in India can be divided into six main groups as follows: (i) The owners of hesse land and those who have hereditary rights of tenancy. (ii) The sub-tenants or tenants at will. (iii) Landless Agricultural labourers. (iv) Village Artisans. (v) Money lenders and Shopkeepers. (vi) Persons in the professions or in personal services, e.g. doctors, lawyers, barbers, village officials. Taking all into consideration the objectives of Community Development Programme was framed.

The important objective of Community Development Programme is to create an problem writing, urge among the essay on importance of communication in civil engineering rural people for problem, a better life and to of communication in civil engineering, show the writing way to satisfying this urge predominantly by means of self-help. This objective is to be attained by revitalising the essay on importance skills in civil engineering existing village institutions and solving, creating new ones where ever necessary. The programme emphasized to give effects to an intensive and summary, comprehensive programme covering all aspects of rural life; i.e.; agriculture, rural industries, education, housing, health, recreation and services etc. and problem solving writing, aimed at utilizing under a democratic set up the surplus labour force in rural areas for essays, development purpose. It also aims at the largest possible extension of the principle of cooperation and problem, every effort to made to make rural families credit worthy. The Community Development Programme as a people’s programmes introduced and implemented through Local-self Government and the rural people. The Local Self Government get further boost after the recommendation of study Balwantrai Mehta’s formulation of Democratic decentralisation in the forms of village Panchayats, Panchayat Samities and Zilla Parishads. The Finance for the Community Development Programme is problem solving writing, drawn both from the people and the Government. Being a people’s programme prescribes a qualifying scale of voluntary contribution from the hermann hesse essays people in the form of solving labour as well as money. The State Government and the Central Government with due sharing basis meet the balance expenditure in a block. The Community Development Programme was launched in selected blocks of the State Orissa, as pilot programme.

The Community Development Programme received its momentum during Second Five Year Plan. The total expenditure of Rs. Summary! 822.91 lakhs was incurred during the Second Plan period for the said programme. By the end of the Third Five Year Plan (1965-66) period there were 147 Stage I blocks, 139 Stage II blocks bringing the total number of blocks to 314. Thus, all the blocks were covered under Community Development Programme. Solving! The total expenditure under this programme was Rs 1767 lakhs. The Community Development Programme has attained its pick during the music cover letter Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-1974). During the said period all the Stage I block converted to Stage II and large number of stage II block to post-stage II blocks. It is observed that there were 43 CD blocks in stage II and the remaining 271 blocks in solving, the post stage II or in stage III.

Total Fund of Rs 850 lakhs were earmarked for the programme. Besides, special development schemes on irrigation, Agriculture extension, animal husbandry, horticulture, drinking water and communication were also implemented in seven backward districts of the State. In this respect a total sum of Rs 225 lakh has been earmarked. The contribution of Community Development Programme to the rural development are: (1) The setting up of a network of community development blocks covering the length and breadth of the country, thus enabling the government to reach the rural population in essay on importance skills, almost any aspect of their life, (2) The transfer of solving powers and functions for implementing the programme to the elected representatives at the village, block and district levels, thereby paving the way for democratic decentralisation through a three-tier Panchayati Raj System. The National Institute of Community Development conducted a survey to assess the impact of CDP They concluded that “the process of modernisation has reached all strata, and going to of communication skills in civil, do so at a faster pace in future, but this has not resulted in any violent reaction on the part of the lower classes”. The ideology of people’s participation through Panchayati Raj System, in problem, absence of proper education and discipline resulted in story about friendship, conspicuous alienation of the weaker sections of the rural communities by writing, the privileged classes. The latter could secure the benefits of the programme because their contribution was not free but charged with consideration.

It is observed that the whole programme suffered from lack of vitality, and was tending to business letter, generate only into a number of material benefits for a limited few. The official agencies responsibility for implementation of development activities lacked in understanding the new climate because they were manned by problem solving writing, those officials who were trained in the particular framework. Besides, their bureaucratic approach also appeared to be a hindrance in hermann essays, initiating the programmes. The critics complained that the Community Development Programme has given a ‘new look’ but not the ‘food’ to the rural poor. It is no denying a fact that the expenditure on building the institutions for social change was larger than the expenditure incurred on productive purposes. Thus, its social contents superseded the problem solving economic contents though it was assumed to the instrument of economic transformation.

(ii) Intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP): The Intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP) as a package programme was very strongly recommended by Agricultural Production Team of the hermann hesse essays Ford Foundation (USA) on 1959. This programme was put into problem solving writing action during 1960-61. The important objective of the programme was to improve the essay short story friendship agricultural production in a integrated and intensified manner. Problem Writing! This programme was introduced in selected districts of the country. The selection of these districts was made on the basis of: (a) The district should as far as possible have assured water supply.

(b) It should have a minimum of natural hazards, (c) It should have well developed village Institutions like Cooperatives and music internship cover, Panchayats. (d) It should have maximum potentialities of increasing agricultural production within a comparatively short-time. Taking the criteria into consideration Sambalpur district was selected in Orissa. It was decided to implement for solving, the development of sectarian violence in pakistan essay Rabi Crops in 1962-63. This programme was introduced in problem solving, all the 29 blocks of the district. In the second phase of the programme main thrust was given on the increase of higher yielding paddy in the Khariff extending the area under various commercial and horticulture crops and on summary promoting efficient soil and water management practices. Required inputs, know how and financial provisions are made for the success of the programme. Solving Writing! Sambalpur district not only self-reliant in Rice Production but also treated as a main rice-producing district of the State.

The IADP has been a ‘Path finder’ for dissertation, successful programme. (iii) Intensive Agricultural Area Programme (IAAP): The Third Five Year Plan (1960-65) aimed to achieve self- sufficiency in food grains and problem writing, increase agricultural production to meet the requirements of essay on importance of communication skills in civil engineering industry and exports. Besides, the mid-term appraisal of the Third Five Year Plan observed that “Much greater emphasis should be given to solving writing, the development of scientific and ocd case study, progressive agriculture in an intensive manner in solving writing, areas where a high agricultural production potentialities”. The Government of India formulated the Intensive Agricultural Area Programme (IAAP) with a view to cover at essay on importance of communication skills, least 20 per cent to 25 per cent of the cultivated area of the problem country and this area should be selected for the intensive development of import crops such as wheat, paddy, millets, cotton, sugarcane, potato, pulses etc. Short Story About! The programme was launched in 1964-65. The aim of IAAP was to bring about a progressive increase in the production of main crops in selected areas by an intensive package approach i.e.; the use of problem solving writing inter-related factors – physical, social and institutional-in-strategic combination which were likely to exert an impact on agricultural production. It was decided to implement such programme in the selected blocks of the country as well as the state. The selection criteria were the blocks having a minimum irrigated area of 5 thousand acres.

In Orissa a total of 86 blocks were covered under the Intensive Agricultural Area Programme during the period of Fourth Five Year Plan an additional 46 blocks were brought under the short story friendship programme, taking total coverage of blocks up to 132. The required funds for the programme were met from the plan and non-plan expenditure of the Agriculture and allied activities. The programme paved the way for the introduction of Green Revolution in India. The Introduction of High Yielding Varieties Programme (HYVP) reduced the importance of IAA Programme in the State as well in the country. (iv) High Yielding Varieties Programme (HYVP):

The High Yielding Varieties Programme (HYVP) was launched in the country from the kharif seasons of 1966-67 as a major plank of new agricultural strategy under the economic planning system. The important objective of the programme was to writing, attain self-sufficiency in food by the end of 1970-71. The programme envisages the introduction and spread over fairly large areas of the newly identified and evolved high yielding variety of paddy, wheat, maize, jowar and bajra. The HYVP proposes to make a technological break-through in Indian agriculture which consists of the introduction of new and high-yielding varieties of improved seeds, increased application of the right amount of fertilizers and extension of the use of pesticides so that the crop produced is short about friendship, not destroyed by problem writing, insects. To enable the farmers to undertake this agricultural practice, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) agreed to relax the study usual terms and problem, conditions in respect of Central Cooperative Banks (CCBs) for the purpose of financing such cultivators. During the Fourth Five Year Plan about 742.6 thousand hectares of story land was brought under the HYV programme in problem writing, Orissa. This has increased to about 1860 thousand hectares of land during Fifth Five Year Plan with an investment of about Rs. 2 Crores. This programme mainly confined to good land and to those farmers who have the resources and the adaptability to embrace the hermann essays progress of technology. This programme became successful in the states like Punjab, Haryana and a part of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in general and Punjab, and Haryana in writing, particular, where wheat is the main food crop.

The rice and other commercial crops reported insignificant improvement in music business cover, their production. Orissa as non-wheat producing state received insignificant growth in food production. (v) Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA): The Reserve Bank of India appointed All-India Rural Credit Review Committee on 1969, under the Chairmanship of Sri B.Venkatappiah. The committee in problem solving writing, its-interim report recommended for plan economique, the establishment of Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA) in following words: “The special efforts proposed are to be restricted to those cultivators who can be developed into surplus farmers if they adopt improved techniques on the basis of support in terms of supplies, irrigation, services of machinery etc. Appropriate schemes have to be drawn up by technical experts with reference to local resources and requirements, so that such cultivators can undertake specific lines of investment (e.g. sinking of wells) adopt a suitable crop pattern, use modern inputs and so on.

It is to deal with this limited problem that in institutional setup in the form a Small Farmers Development Agency may be established in solving, certain selected districts.” The important functions of the Agency was to: (i) Investigate and identify the problems of small farmers and endeavour to see that the sectarian provision of various services and supplies to problem solving, small farmers is essay on importance skills engineering, ensured, (ii) Help small farmer to secure loans from co-operative banks and other assistance like obtain improved seeds, fertilizers and other inputs, (iii) The agency is to provide various services such as spraying of problem solving insecticides, hiring out of tractors and ocd case, land leveling to problem solving, small farmers through the agro-industries corporations or other appropriate bodies and institutions including cooperatives and in pakistan, local authorities such as Zilla Parishad and extension services, (iv) To draw up plans for investment and writing, production activities to be undertaken by the cultivators participating in the programme, (v) To explore the essay short story possibility of adding to the income of the small farmers by assisting them in taking up animal husbandry activities such as dairy and problem, poultry, (vi) It should endeavour to promote the flow of short-term, medium- term and long-term co-operative credit to small cultivators for appropriate purposes from the Agricultural Credit Societies and Central Cooperative banks on the one hand and the land development banks on the other. The scheme was included in the Fourth Five Year Plan. However, the scheme actually started functioning on a significance scale in the year 1971-72. The schemes were implemented in selected districts by a separate agency constituted under the Societies Registration Act.

The scheme was financed by the State and Central Government on matching basis. The provision of subsidy was also made by the agency at the rate of 25 per cent to non-tribal small farmers, 33.3 per cent to non-tribal marginal farmers and essay, 50 per cent to Tribal farmers in capital investments and problem solving, inputs subject to maximum of Rs 3000 and Rs 5000 respectively for any farmers. In Orissa, the Small Farmers Development Agency was implemented in three districts. They were Bolangir, Dhenkanal and Ganjam. During first two years of the programme, could not make much headway because of a number of initial difficulties. The loans were advanced to the farmers under this scheme were utilised mostly for productive purposes.

Orissa stand second in utilisation of loans in all-India basis after Kerala. The State utilised about 83.6 per cent of the essay on importance skills engineering loans sanctioned under the scheme. During the period between 1971-72 and 1980, about 272 lakh families in 115 blocks less than seven SFDA were benefitted. Problem Solving! The total loans mobilised stood at Rs. 38.4 crores. A total expenditure incurred towards subsidies and agency staff was Rs. 14.8 crores. The SFDA was the first rural development programme in the country where the Central Government, State Government and Financial Institutions maintained proper linkage for the success of the plan economique programme. However, the programme had been merged with the Integrated Rural Development Programme since 2nd October 1980. (vi) Marginal Farmers and writing, Agricultural Labourers Development Agency (MFALDA):

The Marginal Farmers and skills in civil engineering, Agricultural Labourers Development Agencies were set up along with SFDA on the recommendation made by Rural Credit Review Committee (1969). The principal objective of the programme is to problem writing, assist the marginal farmers and agricultural labourers in essay short story about friendship, maximum productive use of their small holding and skills by undertaking horticulture, animal husbandry and other economic activities, like rural industries etc. The important functions of the programme were to: (i) Identify eligible beneficiaries and their problems. (ii) To formulate economic programmes for providing gainful employment to the participants, (iii) To promote infrastructural facilities for production, processing, storage and marketing of products. (iv) To promote rural industries. The necessary credit for productive investment was provided by Institutional Financing Agencies like, Cooperatives and problem solving writing, Commercial banks. Besides provision of essays matching subsidies were also provided to the beneficiaries. The non-Tribal Marginal farmers and Agricultural labourers were eligible to receive subsidies worth 33.3 per cent on the capital investments and inputs, whereas this was 50 per cent for solving, tribal beneficiaries, subject to maximum of Rs 3000/- and Rs 5000/- respectively. The Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Labourers Development Agency was launched during the year 1971-72 in the districts of Cuttack and Keonjhar. During first two years both short and medium-term loans amounted to Rs 61.32 lakhs and Rs 45.97 lakhs respectively were advanced to plan, about 9 thousands and 8 thousand Farmers respectively.

A total sum of Rs 1.6 cores was earmarked in the year 1974-75. This amount has increased to Rs 4.2 crores in the year 1975-76. Under the writing project 2.6 lakh Marginal farmers and 0.3 lakh Agricultural Labourers were identified and benefitted under the programme. Among them about 70 per cent of the beneficiaries were enrolled as members of cooperative societies. (vii) Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP):

A Rural works programme was initiated in 1970-71 with the objective of study summary providing development investment in drought prone areas. During the Fourth Five Year Plan the main emphasis of the programme was on labour intensive works such as medium and minor irrigation, road construction, afforestation, soil conservation and provision of drinking water. In the Fifth Plan, this scheme was re-oriented as an area development programme. The strategy of this programme was to problem solving writing, improve the economy of the areas covered, through a package of infrastructural and on-farm development activities with the objective of ocd case study summary optimum utilisation of land, water, human and solving, livestock resources. This programme was also targeted the weaker sections of the society like, Small and Marginal farmers, Agricultural Labourers and other rural poor, who have no assured source of income. Co-operative societies were organised to act accordingly. This programme implemented in study, the areas where the problem monsoon is most unpredictable vis-a-vis it also laid emphasis for the inclusion of target group people. Thus, this programme was the plan type dissertation economique first in its category, which included both the area approach and target group approach. The DPAP was implemented in the chronically drought affected districts of Orissa. Considering the concentration of weaker sections as well as drought prone area the programme was implemented in 11 blocks of Kalahandi and 14 blocks of solving writing Phulbani district in Orissa. During the Fourth Plan the scheme was fully financed by the Government of India.

The Government of India revised the programme during Fifth Five Year Plan. As per the revision the programme was financed by Central State Governments on 50:50 matching basis. In Fourth Five Year Plan the Central Government sanctioned an amount of Rs 3.4 Crores to Orissa for the programme. During the years 1974-80 expenditure on the programme was stood at Rs 14.2 Crores on ocd case summary different schemes. The programme has been extended to 14 more blocks of Bolangir and Sambalpur districts (8 blocks in Bolangir and 6 blocks in Sambalpur) bringing total blocks to 39 in 4 districts of the State. The State Plan allocation for the Sixth Plan was Rs 7 Crores against the anticipated expenditure of solving Rs 7.1 Crores. Study Summary! The total plan expenditure for DPA Programme during the Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-90) was Rs 26.5 Crores.

The launching of problem Eighth Plan was delayed by two years due to political instability in the country. However the programme received Rs 12.7 Crores in 1990-91 and 1991-92. The Drought Prone Area Development Programme is being operated in internship cover letter, 47 blocks (2 blocks each in Boudh, Sonepur, Dhenkanal, 12 blocks in solving writing, Phulbani, 10 blocks in Kalahandi, 8 blocks in Bolangir, 6 blocks in Bargarh and 5 blocks in Nuapada districts) Spread over to ocd case, 8 districts of the State during the Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-97). The Total expenditure incurred under the plan was Rs 36.9 Crores. The total Funds available during 1997-98 at; the all-India level was about Rs 913 lakhs.

The total Expenditure incurred during the year was Rs 436 lakhs. Solving Writing! The expenditure was thus 47.8 per cent of the total funds available under the programme. The percentage share of total expenditure to total funds available was about hermann hesse essays 48.6 per cent. (viii) Integrated Tribal Development Agencies (ITDA): Next to Africa, India has the largest concentration of the tribal population in the World. Though all the states have tribal population in various degrees of concentration, majority of them is found in Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan and West Bengal. Economic backwardness of the tribal population has undoubtedly occupied considerable interest among our planners. The First Five Year Plan laid down its priorities for writing, tribal development in three broad categories namely education, economic uplift and health, housing and other schemes. Since then each five year plan has chartered new strategies for achieving these basic objectives. During the Second Five Year Plan, multi-purpose tribal blocks were set up which were later re-named as Tribal development blocks in summary, the Third Five Year Plan. Expenditure on tribal development too, increased several fold over the plan periods.

However, these efforts did not bring about any substantive change among the writing majority of the tribal population. It is noticed that, in the first three plans emphasis was placed on sectorial plans under various subjects such as agriculture, industry, transportation, health and education etc. Most of these were conceived at the National or at the State level. The Fourth Five Year Plan gave importance to planning at the district level and to experimental studies on growth centres for summary, evolving a planning strategy at the grass-root level. In this context, the Government of India has sanctioned pilot projects for solving writing, tribal development in the central agricultural sector. Among the Six projects sanctioned in All-India level, Ganjam and Koraput districts were selected in hermann hesse essays, Orissa. Solving Writing! The outlay on each of these projects was Rs 2 Crores. Under the Tribal Development Agencies (1972-73) the Tibetan Re-settlement scheme at Chandragiri of Ganjam district and a Saura Development Scheme in Koraput district were brought out.

A new strategy has been evolved for planning the development of the tribal communities during the Fifth Plan period. The new strategy envisages the preparation of a sub- plan for music business internship cover letter, the tribal areas. The first exercise in this regard is to demarcate the tribal areas based on the tribal population. (i) Areas, where the tribal concentration of 50 per cent or above. (ii) Areas of dispersed tribal population below 50 per cent. (iii) Extremely backward and isolated little communities.

In order to implement the sub-plan programmes 21 ITDA’s were constituted covering 118 out of 314 blocks in the state. Each ITDA has a project level committee under the problem Chairmanship of Collector with official and non-official and essay short friendship, Tribal women as members. They have to draw up the plan and programmes at problem writing, ITDA level and review and monitor the developmental activities of different Department. Each ITDA is headed by a Class I officer with supporting staff like Special Officer, Assistant Engineer, Junior Engineer, Statistical Assistant, Soil Conservation/Agricultural Extension Officer and other clerical staff. 15 Project Administrators have been declared as Additional District Magistrates for exercising powers under different regulatory laws.

There were about ocd case study 47 thousand villages in Orissa; out of that 18.7 thousand villages were in solving writing, Tribal sub plan of which 14 villages were declared as ITDP villages. They were spread over to essay on importance of communication skills in civil engineering, about 98 blocks of the State up to 1977-78. A total financial outlay of Rs 189 crore was earmarked for the programme in 1979-80 with a view to cover about 2 thousand families. Writing! The total estimated flow of resources during the sixth plan period was Rs 700 Crores. It is observed that 36 per cent of the total outlay of the State during Sixth Plan Period was earmarked for investment as against 23 per cent during fifth plan period. About 5.0 lakh tribal families were assisted under various anti- poverty programmes (including IRDP ERRP) during Sixth Plan Period. During the Seventh Plan period, about 7.6 lakh families were covered under the plan with the plan expenditure of Rs 1440 Crores. The plan allocation for the sub-plan during the year 1990-91 and 91-92 was estimated at Rs 391 crores and Rs 590 crores respectively. The proposed flow of plan type funds for the Eighth Plan Period (1992-97) was estimated at Rs 3885 Crores. The Flow of funds during 1992-93 was of the order of Rs 459 Crores. This covered about 34 families.

The total funds for the year 1993-94 have increased to Rs 466 crores. Solving Writing! Further more the plan expenditure under the programme was Rs 568 Crores. Under the plan 43 thousand families were benefitted in the year 1993-94. Where as this stood at 41 thousand during 1994-95. During 1995-96 about 96 thousand tribal families were benefitted with a total financial investment of Rs 626 Crores. Hermann! The total plan out lay for the year 1996-97 and 1997-98 was Rs 862 Crores and Rs 749 Crores respectively. (ix) Modified Area Development Approach (MADA): Article 46 of the constitution enjoins up on problem the State to promote with special care the educational and economic interest of the weaker sections and in particular Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and to protect them from type dissertation economique, social injustice and all forms of exploitation. The approach for development of Scheduled Tribes was first laid down by the first Prime Minister of India, Late Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru in his “Tribal Panchseel” more particularly emphasised on the preservation of tribal culture. The Tribal Sub-plan approach was operated in mid seventies.

The objectives of the Tribal sub-plan strategy have basically remained two fold: (i) Socio-Economic Development of S.Ts. Problem! and. (ii) Protection of tribals against exploitation. Integrated Tribal Development Programmes in the form of ocd case summary Integrated Tribal Development Agencies (I T D A) were implemented in the areas where the concentration of tribal population is more than 50 per cent, and they live in extremely backward areas. For the all-round development of the Tribals outside the Sub-plan areas a new programme called Modified Area Development Approach (MADA) was launched in 1978- 79. The criteria for selection of this area was areas having a population of ten thousand or more with at least 50 per cent tribal concentration.

The identified areas called as MADA Pockets. In these pockets individual family-oriented schemes as well as community benefit oriented programmes are to be implemented. There is a MADA level Advisory Committee for each MADA Sub-Collector concerned with officials and non- officials like peoples representatives as members. This Advisory Committee is responsible for drawn up programmes and overseas the implementation. During Fifth Plan Period 30 Modified Area Development Approach Pockets were identified and Rs 1.2 Crores was earmarked for the development of Tribal people living in those areas.

The number of pocket has increased to 37 during Six Plan period. A Total sum of Rs 5.5 Crores was allocated for the programme, where about writing 10 thousand Tribal families were received assistance. There are, 45 MADA Pockets covering about 47 blocks of the State, during Seventh Plan Period. Business Internship Cover! The total amount of Rs 7.2 Crores was earmarked for the implementation of different schemes. Under different schemes about 13 thousand Scheduled Tribe families were benefitted during the said plan period.

In two annual plans i.e.; 1990-91, and problem writing, 1991-92 about Five thousand families benefitted under the programme. The total investment of Rs 2.2 crores and Rs 2.5 crores were made for the year 1990-91 and 1991-92 respectively. The number of MADA pockets increased to sectarian violence, 46 during the Eighth Plan (1992-97) period. A total Fund of problem solving Rs 16.4 crores was utilities for type, implementation of different programmes in the MADA Pockets. During the plan period about 20 thousand tribal families were covered in different programmes. (x) Command Area Development Programme (CADP):

The Command Area Development Programme was introduced in writing, the Country in 1974-75 with a view to realising a fast and optimum utilisation of the irrigation potential created in the major irrigation projects. In Orissa, the programme was launched in 1976-77 covering 52 blocks in the districts of plan type dissertation Cuttack, Puri, Balasore, Sambalpur and problem solving, Bolangir. It was spread over to about 5.3 lakh hectares of land of essay on importance of communication in civil engineering three major Irrigation Projects of Mahanadi, Salandi and Hirakud. The basic concept of the Programme was to step up agricultural production by optimum utilisation of water by controlled irrigation and adoption of multi-cropping pattern on an extensive scale. The components of C A D Project which are given highest priority in realising these objectives are: (i) Construction of field channels. (ii) Warabandi i.e; regulated and assured water supply to the farmers. (iii) Consolidation and.

(iv) Adoption of Multi-cropping pattern. As against solving, this background four Command Area Development Authorities have been registered as Societies under the Societies Registration Act 1860. Funds sanctioned for the various schemes by State and Central Government are placed at their disposal in shape of grant-in-aid. A special loan account was also set up by the ARDC with 50% contribution from Central Government and 25% each by the State Government and ARDC to finance on-farm development works for the ineligible and unwilling beneficiaries. During the Fifth Plan the major achievement was, conducting of a large number of multi-crop demonstrations to make the farmers aware of the needs for having three cropping patterns. Small and Marginal farmers were also involved themselves in the programme and hesse, became members of Co­operative Societies. A modest beginning was also made in demonstration of proper water Management by Construction of field channels to serve about 3 thousand hectares of land. A total financial provision of Rs 12.5 Crores was made for the programme. The principle components of the Command Area Development Programme during the Sixth Five Year Plan (SO­BS) have been: (i) Construction of problem writing field channels including field drains. (ii) Topographical Survey.

(iii) Soil Conservation and Survey. (iv) Rotational water supply to the beneficiary farmers. (v) Multiple Crop Demonstration, including mini-kits and farmers training. During the business internship cover said plan period about 1.5 lakh hectares field channel was constructed with the total expenditure of solving Rs 6.9 Crores. The Command Area Development Programme expanded to of communication skills in civil engineering, 58 blocks in the districts of Cuttack, Puri, Balasore, Sambalpur, Bolangir and Koraput. An area of 2.7 lakh hectare Culturable Command Area has been covered under field channels at the end of Seventh Five Year Plan. The Principal Component of CAD Programme during the Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-97) was: (i) Survey Planning and Design. (ii) Construction of field channels, drains and land leveling. (iii) Rotational water supply.

(iv) Adaptive Trails. (v) Farmers participation. (vii) Conjunctive use of surface and ground water. (viii) Marketing and Communication and. (ix) Monitoring and evaluation.

The programme has been extended to 83 blocks in 17 districts with a Culturable Command Area of 7.4 lakh hectares during Eighth Plan Period. A total sum of Rs 18.4 Crores was spending under the writing programme during said plan period. It is observed from the available data that, during the Seventh Five Year Plan about 11.14 million hectares field channels were constructed. About 1.93 million hectare of land leveling activities and 4.96 million hectare Warabandi work was also completed during the said plan period. The total achievement during the Eighth Plan Period on sectarian essay construction of field channels, land leveling and Warabandi was about 1.75 M.ha, 0.14 M.ha, and 2.75 M.ha respectively. The achievement of Eighth Plan reduced due to other alike rural development programmes introduced in the country. The introduction of specialized watershed scheme was one of the problem solving writing same programmes. 4. Essay on the Institutions for Rural Development: The Rural Development in India is a very old phenomenon. Social scientists and organisations had experimented this noble attempt in pre-Independence period.

Those programmes were not highlighting a unique problem of the rural poor and the necessary solution therein. However, the attempts so undertaken were focused mostly to the social, economic and cultural aspects of human well-being. The noble attempts made by great and intellectual sons of the on importance in civil engineering soil could not spread over to all part of the solving country due to lack of government attitude and patronage. The British Government had never felt the essay in civil engineering importance of rural development in the country. The rulers felt that, rural development was a part of problem solving social welfare, which is skills, perhaps contradictory to the British ideology and policies. India became an problem writing, independent nation in August 1947, from political point of view but attend its economic independence only on January 1950. Essay! After attaining the economic independence, India started its planned Economic Development Programmes with the adoption of problem writing Five Year Plan. During the process of planned economic development, Rural Development received utmost attention by the rulers, planners and policy makers. Since 1952, a number of rural development programmes were introduced, implemented and discontinued in the country. The programmes are varied in nature and approach.

Some of the programmes proved to dissertation, be successful and some failures. The success and failure of the programmes governed by a number of problem writing factors important among them are: (i) Nature of the programme, (ii) Approach of the skills engineering programme, (iii) Finance for the programme, (iv) Implementation of the programme. Good nature, right approach, adequate finance and problem, proper implementation may bring success to the programme. In this connection, the last factor, proper implementation gathers top most importance as it co-ordinates other factors of success. This can be achieved through good and right institutions. As against this background, we would like to discuss the structure and violence, functions of the institutions established exclusively for Rural Development from time to time. These institutions can be classified into two such as: (i) Main institutions and. (ii) Ancillary institutions. The main institutions are those, which are directly responsible for the planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluation of the rural development programmes and permanent statutory in nature.

The ancillary institutions are those, which are indirectly responsible for planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation and problem solving, temporary in nature. In India, a structure of policy formulating and implementing institutions has been built up in the country for Rural Development. Some of them are at the national level, some are single purpose, some relate to a particular target groups, some relate to area, sector and commodity. However, all these institutions aim at fulfilling the music business internship cover national objectives of economic development in problem writing, general and rural development in particular. Summary! The administrative organs of Central and State Governments involved in solving, the process of rural development are at essay short, the Centre of the Organisational Structure. The spatial structure of rural development administration mainly comprises Centre, State, District, Blocks, Gram panchayats and Village. At the Centre, the Ministry of Rural Development is in charge of problem all rural development a programme including those relating to land reforms, village and cottage industries, town and country planning and rural roads etc. This is the nodal responsibility for elementary education, adult education, rural health, rural electrification, rural water supply, housing for violence in pakistan, landless rural labour, nutrition and sanitation programmes. The ministry has also responsible for all aspects of rural reconstruction and development. Problem Solving Writing! The Ministry lays down broad policies, devises suitable programmes and determines Central assistance etc.

In addition to the Ministry of Rural Development, the ministries of Agriculture, Commerce and Civil Supplies, Energy, Irrigation and Industry also perform functions related to rural development. The Ministry of Agriculture is in charge of agricultural extension, Ministry of plan Commerce and Civil Supplies has within its purview the Development Commissioner of Handlooms, several Commodity Boards and the public distribution system. Problem Solving! The Ministry of on importance of communication Energy and Irrigation deals with all matters pertaining to water resources development and solving writing, irrigation and accordingly has important functions pertaining to rural development. The Central Silk Board, Coir Board, Khadi Village Industries Commission are attached to the Ministry of Industry. The Ministry of Rural Development, for study summary, rural development with proper co-operation and coordination from problem solving writing, other ministries. The other ministries are also take active role in the rural development programmes so formulated. Besides, the Ministries, the Reserve Bank of India in the past and NABARD at essays, present play the catalytic role for the success of rural development. NABARD as the apex level financial institution for rural development provide refinance to the financial institutions working at the state level.

At the State level, the State Governments have the solving primary responsibility for the administration of developmental programmes. The Departments of agriculture, animal husbandry, irrigation, forests, education, public health and sanitation, industries, power. Government has also take active part on the monitoring and implementation of rural development programmes in the State. The State Government also formulates State level special rural development programmes other than the Central Government’s Programmes. However, The State Level Organisational Committee is headed by the Secretary for Rural Development, who is in the rank of Commissioner of rural development is essay of communication skills in civil engineering, assisted by one Deputy Commissioner three Assistant Commissioners and a number of technical officers and subject specialists. Besides, a representative of the solving Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India is short about, associated as a member of the Committee.

There are a number of Statutory Corporations, Boards and other agencies providing infrastructural, promotional and supporting services for solving writing, rural development. Important among them are: (i) Rural Electrification Corporation, (ii) The Central Ground Water Board. (iii) Minor Irrigation and tube well Corporations. (iv) Central and essays, State Warehousing Corporations. (v) Central and State Seed Corporations. (vi) Food Corporation of India.

(vii) The Jute and the Cotton Corporation of India. (viii) National Cooperative Development Corporation and problem, Cooperative banks in the State. (ix) National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation. (x) State Trading Corporations, (xi) The Handicraft and Handloom Corporations. (xii) The Boards for music internship, Coffee, Tea, Rubber, Cardamom, Tobacco, Cashew and Coconut etc. (xiii) The National Dairy Development Board. (xiv) The Khadi and Village Industries Commission. (xv) State Khadi and Village Industries Board. (xvi) The Central Silk Board. (xviii) The State Finance Corporation.

(xix) The Agro-Industries Corporation. (xx) The Marketing Regulation Boards etc. The statutory corporations and Boards works for the implementation of various rural development programmes to their expertise. At the State level the solving writing Financial Institutions also play vital roles for formulation, implementation of various rural development programmes. They form one State Level Coordination Committee taking the representatives of all financial institutions like, Cooperative banks, Nationalised Commercial banks and sectarian in pakistan essay, Regional Rural banks. Besides, the problem writing representatives of various government departments are also participate in the formulation and Implementation strategy of the rural development programmes.

The representative from NABARD is also participating in the committee. One Nationalised Commercial bank acts as the convener of the music business internship cover letter committee. The Third Stage of Institutional Structure for Rural Development is the District Administration. The District Collector is responsible for solving, law and order, Revenue Collection and ocd case study summary, developmental activities. In the past, the developmental programmes so formulated by the central and state governments were channelised through the problem solving District Administration, known as the District Development Coordination Committee. This committee consisting of the Project Officer, the Managing Director of the Central Cooperative Societies, one/two representatives from study summary, Cooperative Societies and solving, a Special Rural Credit Officer.

Prior to business internship letter, October 1980, the rural development programme particularly beneficiary and area oriented programmes operated through specially constituted agencies. They are, Small Farmers Development Agencies, (SFDA) Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Labourers Development Agencies, Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP) and Integrated Tribal Development Programme (ITDP), etc. In 1980 the integrated rural development programme was launched. In successive time period some special programmes related to rural development are also implemented. All the programmes are to be implemented by a single agency called as District Rural Development Agency (DRDA). The earlier agencies functioning at the district level are merged with the DRDA. The District Collector/Deputy Commissioner heads the problem solving DRDA. Besides the agency has a full time Project Officers followed by Assistant Project Officers in agriculture, animal husbandry, and cooperation, a credit planning officer, rural industries officer and an economist/statistician. In addition there is one Research Officer, two senior economic investigators followed by regular supporting staff. The peoples representatives like, the Chairman Zilla Parishad, Member of Parliament, the MLA and the representatives of Weaken Sections and women are also take active part in the planning process at music business internship cover, the district level.

The representatives of the lead bank, financial institutions also take active role with the DRDA to solving writing, formulate District Credit Plans. According to short story about friendship, the Indian Constitution Amendment (74th) Act 1992 The State Governments constituted the District Planning and Development Board to provide necessary guidelines and writing, direction to district planning units and to approve the district plans prepared by the planning units. The board consists of a Chairman, a Vice-chairman and other members, viz.; all Sub-divisional Officers, all Chairman of Panchayat Samities (Block) in the district, the head of lead Bank and Presidents of all Municipal Committees. The Chief Planning and Development officer acted as the Member Secretary. The district-planning unit comprised the Chief Planning and Development Officer, an economique, economist, a Planning Officer, a Credit Planning Officer and other supporting staff.

The position of the Chairman of DPB varies from state to problem solving writing, state. In some State a Minister of State Government chairs it and the district Collector is the Chairman in some other. The Block is the Fourth Important Institution for planning and implementation of rural development programmes. The overall resource situation, to identify human resource situation, particularly from the point of view of dissertation economique employment, to solving writing, review the ongoing development activities to formulate a package of schemes/programmes to optimize production and augment employment and income, to identify gaps in infrastructure and to devise measures for filling these gaps. The Planning Commission appointed an Expert group to frame guidelines on the basis of the engineering recommendations of Prof. Problem! M.L. Dantewala working group. As per the guideline issued on 1978 the block level plan should have the following component: (i) Production programmes for the target groups in the rural areas. (ii) Manpower planning and skill development in relation to production programmes. (iii) A supplementary works programme, where necessary to clear off the backlog of unemployment. (iv) A programme for the self-employed in the trades and services sector.

(v) Programme for rural Infrastructure like, market, roads, rural electrification etc. (vi) A programme for the provision of ocd case study summary Social Services, including basic minimum needs. (vii) A programme for Institutional support to the rural poor. The Administrative setup of the solving writing Blocks was defined during the First Plan Period with the inception of Community Development Programme. With the implementation of sectarian violence in pakistan essay Integrated Rural Development and other special developmental schemes/programmes in early 80s.

The Administrative setups of the blocks were revised accordingly. The Block Development Officer is intended to be the steering wheel of the solving writing new developmental administration. The BDO is to study summary, be assisted by extension officers from different fields like; agriculture, animal husbandry, irrigation and works, cooperation, Panchayats, social education, public health, village industries and problem solving writing, women and child welfare etc. Below the extension officer there are about 10 village level workers (VLWs) or Lady Village Level Workers (LVLWs) working for the implementation or rural development programme. There is a Progress Assistant who coordinates the development committee.

The people’s representatives like; Chairman Panchayat Samiti, MLA and representatives of essay Weaker Sections and women also participate in the Developmental Planning at the block level. The representatives of the financial institutions also take part in the committee while undertaking credit plans at problem solving, the Block level. Village Panchayat is the violence last recognised institution responsible for planning and implementation of rural development programmes. The village Panchayat as an solving writing, executive body implements the policies and decisions of the Gram Sabha comprising the entire population of the story about village. Solving! The social sanctions of the people generally strengthen the hands of the Panchayat and act as a deterrent to arbitrariness. The Panchayat organise local manpower for the developmental purposes. In almost all the states; the Gram Sabhas have been statutorily recognised and assigned the specific functions to direct and supervise the activities of the Village Panchayat and to some extent to the Blocks. The important functions performed by in civil, the Panchayats are: (i) Civic amenities.

(ii) Social welfare activities and. (iii) Development works. The broad functions of the Panchayat are: The people’s representatives like Ward Members; Sarapanch also took part in decision-making and implementation of the programmes. The village level worker represents the block in village committee. Besides, the Panchayat Secretary, Secretary of the Cooperative Societies, the Revenue Inspectors also play active role in the village committee. Thus village committee comprises of the: (i) Village level worker. (ii) Panchayat Secretary. (iii) Secretary of the solving Cooperative Societies. (iv) Revenue Inspector.

(v) The Sarapanch. (vi) The ward members. (vii) The villagers are the General body members. It is to conclude that, the essay short story about friendship planning and problem, Implementation of the rural development begins from the root i.e.; village and flows upward to the national level. Experience shows that the rural development programme decisions in respect of formulation, strategy approach are undertaken at the national level and that flowing downward to the village in a “Trickle down approach”. The “Bottom up” approach although exist in the country does not exist in practical sense of planning and implementation. However, the institutions for music cover, rural development are closely connected with each other, whether there exists “Trickle down” or “Bottom up” approach of problem writing planning and implementation of the rural development programmes in plan type dissertation economique, our country as well as the state.

5. Essay on problem writing the Observations and Problems of Rural Development : India is an economically underdeveloped country. The condition of business cover rural economy is worse. The economic activities and people employed therein have not also achieved required development/growth. In order to break the jinx of rural economic sector, Government through its different plans introduced a number of rural development programmes. The programmes are also varied in nature. They are of sector, area and target oriented programmes. The Formulation, Implementation of the programmes has also undertaken by some specialised Agencies of Government.

In addition the NGOs, the problem Panchayati Raj institutions, financial institutions involved themselves in the success of the programmes. In course, of essay on importance of communication in civil their function they also encountered a good number of problems. The problems were also varied in nature. As the book/based on writing the macro level information/data. The problems so encountered by both the implementing agencies and the beneficiaries of the programme are highlighted based on the general observations and of communication skills in civil engineering, macro-based data/information available. The problems mainly highlights the problems encountered by the Government as the planning and implementing machinery the Associated/ancillary agencies inevitable for the fruitful implementation of such rural development programmes, they are the Rural Development agencies/institutions/Departments, Financial Institutions, Non-Governmental Organisations, working as intermediary agencies for the implementation of rural development programmes/schemes. The last agencies are the people likely or receive benefits from the rural development. They can also belong to the area and sector approach rural development programmes.

Thus, we can classify the problem writing rural development agency into three as; Government, Intermediary/Ancillary agencies and the targeted people/beneficiaries. All the problems and observation based on the facts, information and literatures available from the secondary sources. Essay On Importance Of Communication Skills! These may not hold good in all respects. Rural Development Programmes have been conceived for the all-round development of the rural areas. However, the rural development programmes are launched in the context of general problems of the rural areas. It fails to give importance to some particular and solving writing, area issues. The rural development programmes should be micro in nature and growth oriented based on real values. As per the Guidelines all the developmental programmes in the rural areas are to be planned/formulated by the DRDA in cooperation and coordination of other departments and financial institution, agencies of plan type dissertation peoples representatives etc. It is often observed that these agencies, organisation failed to maintain proper coordination among each other.

All the problem agencies/organisations are trying their best to stick to their own principles and ideologies. In the process cooperation and coordination are not maintained. The Agencies responsible for the formulation, Implementation and evaluation of the essay on importance in civil engineering Rural Development Programme is required to maintaining good co­ordination among them. (iii) Based on Ruling Party Principles and Ideologies : In India, the rural development programmes are conceived/launched as per the principles and ideologies of the solving writing ruling party. Besides, in plan economique, the participation for planning, formulation and implementation through their representatives tried to solving, maintain such principles and ideologies. The said representatives often interested to fetch more benefit to ocd case study summary, their party affiliated peoples/workers. This does not cover the problems of all class people. The Rural Development Programmes should be based on reality and highlight the real problems of the rural areas as well as the people. Writing! The political personalities are required to change their attitudes in this respect. The rural development programmes require more capital investment.

The Economic Sectors of rural areas remain more or less traditional. Hermann Hesse Essays! These sectors also adopt traditional methods of production. In order to attain rural development the transformation of technologies is required. The conditions of weaker sections people are not improved after 50 years of planned economic development. The upliftment of their socio­economic condition also require high dose of investment. In our country, a fixed amount of funds are allocated for a particular rural development Programme.

These are distributed among the States/District as per problem solving writing the importance, such as geography, concentration of weaker section population etc. The share of the Fund to cope with the local problems seems to be inadequate. Contributions from the public or other viable private organisations are not seeked by the Government. Thus inadequate fund is essay story about, a major concern for the attainment of the rural development. India’s rural economy being primarily land-based, all major developmental programmes of rural India are linked with agricultural developments. It is problem solving writing, also evident that most of the available resources are controlled by few, this reinforces the hegemony of the few over many and the benefits do not tickle down to those who need them most. Besides, the precarious land and man ratio suggests that by introducing radical land redistribution in about friendship, rural India very limited egalitarian goals can be achieved and if done so, that will mean only sharing of poverty and no real development. Rural development plan implementation is required to be accepted by problem, the local level functionaries who attend the District consultative committee meetings and that they are in sectarian in pakistan essay, a position to mobilise financial and organisational resources to problem, fulfil accepted commitments. It is observed that the authority structure in the administration and the banks is such that those who attend such meetings are neither in a position to accept firm commitments on economique behalf of their departments, banks without reference to higher authorities not to act accordingly. Although some powers are conferred to the officers to exercise but these are seems to be very limited.

All the decisions are required due approval from the higher authorities. It is problem solving writing, observed that, there is considerable leakage of benefits to non-target sectors and essay short about, groups. Most of the rural development programmes are conceived to improve the Socio-Economic condition of the problem solving weaker sections like small, marginal farmers, agricultural and non-agricultural labourers, rural artisans, scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and deprived women etc. It is essay friendship, observed that the benefits are not properly reaching to these classes. It is often found, that, the vulnerable class of the society enjoys the real benefits. The subsidy components of the rural development programmes tend to allow to non-target groups, specially the programme implementing bureaucratic class, rather than including expansion of solving production base of the beneficiaries. Due to illiteracy and ignorance the real benefits sometimes enjoyed by the Third party commonly speaking the middlemen and the village touts including the petty personnel having a little political affiliation. It is observed that a considerable number of hermann essays rural development programmes/schemes having no or little sustaining impact for changing the socio-economic status of the beneficiaries. The assets created from the credit assistance of financial institutions and subsidies of the development/administrative agencies are short lived (Particularly in-case of livestock assets) failed to push the problem solving writing beneficiaries up on the scale of production and productivity. This is essay of communication engineering, perhaps due to the existence of low or no developmental approach/thoughts.

This factor again dominated by the lack of awareness about the programmes. (ix) Dominance of solving writing Welfare over Productivity: In India, most of the hermann essays rural development programmes are based on the basic welfare principles. These schemes are backed by both credit and problem writing, subsidy components. Besides, development of infrastructure facilities is also emphasised under these programmes. It is also evident that provision of long-term credit and based on the principle of write off by political parties also have adverse effect on the productivity of ocd case study economic sectors. It is observed that the subsidy component is often extending up to 100 per cent in some selected schemes and class of beneficiaries. This reduces the productive motive, attitude of the beneficiaries.

(x) Based on the Principles and Policies of Political Parties : In our country most of the rural development programmes are either based on problem solving the principles of the political parties or biased by their ideologies. Besides, the programmes again ruled/governed by cheap popular slogans or election; manifestos. Due to these, causes the programmes failed to attain the expected success. It is plan dissertation economique, also observed that after the problem solving writing completion of study one political party’s rule the writing next political party, which assumes power, hesitates to plan dissertation, carry out the same. Solving Writing! Besides, the new party is essays, also don’t hesitate to wind up the ongoing programme despite of its importance and success.

In India, due to problem writing, these problems, the rural development has not attained after five decades of the planned economic development. 6. Essay on the Suggestions for Rural Development in India: 1. In India, the plan type dissertation rural people in general and the weaker section people in particular are to depend upon traditional rural economic sectors for problem, their livelihood. The rate of literacy in rural areas is very low in hermann hesse essays, comparison to urban areas. Due to problem writing, low literacy level, most of the rural people are not aware about the ongoing rural development programmes. The steps taken by the government in order to enhance the music business cover letter awareness level of the beneficiaries is not adequate. The Government should open special cells for the publicity of the rural development programmes. Problem Writing! The Government is ocd case study summary, required to adopt the publicity method, which is conducive to the nature and requirement of the rural people.

The people are to be provided with adequate instruments for enhancement of awareness level. The existing system of publicity about the rural development is required to be re-considered and should be based on rural realities prior to the Selection of the problem solving Scheme as well as the Beneficiaries, the implementing agencies should provide details of the programme to the rural people, who are likely to be benefitted serious endeavour is, therefore, needed to make the rural people aware about the resources earmarked for skills engineering, rural development in various Government departments. 2. In our country a number of problem solving writing rural development programmes have been launched, implemented since 1952. It is often said that, the rural development programmes failed to attain its desired goal due to improper identification of the programmes, schemes and the beneficiaries therein. The Implementing Agencies attitude to implement the programme is target oriented. The target-oriented approach of the identification in different levels is believed to be made in ocd case study summary, a hurry. This approach forced the agencies for wrong identification of programmes, schemes and beneficiaries.

As against this, the solving writing Government should lay more emphasis on the reality rather than the target. The schemes should be appropriate to the rural conditions and ocd case study, the beneficiaries therein are to problem, be selected by the villagers or the effectively functioning Gram Sabha. The implementing agencies should take the matter seriously, while selecting the scheme as well as the beneficiaries. The selection of the schemes is needed to be made by ocd case study summary, the beneficiaries. Emphasis to be given to the interest, intention, and attitude of the beneficiaries towards the scheme for rural development programmes. It is to conclude that, A realistic programme on rural development with the potentiality of the successful implementation, can only be prepared if rural poor are taken into confidence and are assisted to problem, draw the development programme, taking the village as unit. Outsiders, as technocrats, Economists etc. should only assist them as Friends to make their own decision. 3. Business Internship Letter! The important objective of rural development programme is to eradicate poverty, reduce imbalance and increase productivity of rural economic sectors.

Thus, the beneficiaries of rural development programmes are rural poor living below the poverty line. The poverty line in India determined by the relative standards. A less importance has been laid on absolute standard of poverty determination. Whatever, emphasis laid again converted to money terms, which appears to be unrealistic. Problem Solving! A household earning income more than Poverty line income level may be poor in relation to in pakistan, the calorie intake. Thus, the determination of poverty line required re­considered. Problem Solving! Besides the identification of beneficiaries living below the poverty line (BPL) should be fixed at the realistic level. 4. Essay Of Communication Skills! The beneficiaries of the Self-employment programmes need training and education prior to their involvement in the programmes. The implementing and problem, monitoring agencies is sectarian violence in pakistan, required to impart required training to the selected beneficiaries, before the developmental activities undertaken. Besides, rural people should be provided with the solving scope of expressing their own felt needs and need to be provided with an opportunity to choose economic activities for their own development. 5. The wage employment programmes can be fully focused on rural infrastructure development and local natural resources development.

This approach will not only improve the infrastructure network but also help village people to improve their farm as well as non-farm production for which a favourable environment exists. 6. The working of the Rural Development Programme in the last decades has shown that the initiative for implementing the hermann programmes is vested on problem DRDA. The role of DRDA is more or less confined to the planning and release of subsidies for business letter, rural development programmes. The DRDAs should play an important role for the Implementing and Monitoring of rural development programmes. Regular monitoring and evaluation of rural development programmes in real manner could solve the ongoing problems encountered therein and can also helpful to solve the problems. This will pave the path of success to the rural development programmes and attainment of problem solving writing rural development. 7. Essay Skills In Civil! The village plans would have to be dovetailed into the district plan, which would prepare by the DRDA. Proper appraisal of the rural development schemes is needed. Besides, for the success of Rural Development Programmes it should be ensured that the Project Directors of the DRDA are given tenure of not less than three years so as to problem solving writing, inculcate in them a sense of internship cover letter commitment to the programme. The other staff in the key posts should not be disturbed frequently.

8. The various Government departments with specialised expertise and banks should work in close co-operation with the district planning unit in order to have a coordinated and problem solving, scientific plan, the availability of in pakistan local resources, the potential for alternative productive works and of viable schemes, to be looked into. 9. Voluntary effort will no doubt continue to problem, grow in the coming years but it can accelerate if the environment is more congenial to its growth. Voluntary Organisations with professional and Managerial Capabilities can act as a catalyst and can organise beneficiaries, involve people in planning and development and provide the necessary support to make development a reality. In this respect, the Government should provide required assistance to music internship, the Voluntary Organisations. 10. The prosperity of the rural economy depends directly upon problem solving the development of agriculture and industry. These to dependent variables for development again controlled by ocd case summary, a number of independent variables. These are, power, credit, transport facilities, which include railways, roads, waterways, market, communication, information facilities etc. All these facilities and services constitute collectively the infrastructure.

The development and expansion of these facilities are an essential pre-condition for attainment of economic development and rural development. Writing! The link between infrastructure and development is not once for all affair. It is a continuous process and progress in development has to be preceded, accompanied and essay in civil engineering, followed by writing, progress in infrastructure, if we are to hermann hesse essays, fulfill our declared objectives of a self-accelerating process of economic development. Despite its importance the desired infrastructural development has not been achieved due to resource constraint. In view of the resource constraint, further expansion of facilities may be secured by a shift of problem writing priority from high cost technology to dissertation economique, low cost technology, from problem, public funding to private financing and from large-scale public management to small-scale private/co­operative/community management in ocd case study summary, appropriate areas required for rural development. 11. Problem! The planning, implementing, monitoring of rural development programmes has been made by the Planning Commission and its subsidiaries. In the process they have been facing a number of difficulties. Political interference is one of the difficulties faced by the Planning and Implementing agencies.

This undue interference seems to be one of the important causes of failures of rural development programmes. In order to attain rural development the Planning and Implementing agencies in our country should perform independently like the Judiciary System. Before publishing your articles on essay on importance of communication engineering this site, please read the following pages:

format of writing cv This page explains how to write a British-style CV (curriculum vitae, or resume, or personal history) and writing covering letter, used when applying for jobs in internship letter, the UK. Author: Corinne Mills. Date: January 2009. Author: Tracey Whitmore. Publisher: How To Books Ltd. Your CV ( curriculum vitae ) is a summary of problem writing your work experience and education, used for ocd case, job applications. A resume (properly written as resumé) is an American English term for a CV. A covering letter is a letter sent with your CV which explains details about writing your application to a particular company. A reference is a formal letter to an employer, from somebody who knows you well, describing your character or ability.

A referee is ocd case a person who provides a reference for you. How should I design the layout of solving writing my CV? There are many ways to music business cover letter design a CV. This section gives an problem solving writing, example. Print your CV on good quality white paper.

The paper size should be A4 (this is 21.0 cm wide and 29.7cm tall). Usually you should not attach a photograph. Leave wide margins (there should be a gap of at least 2 centimetres on plan type economique, the top, bottom, left and problem solving writing right). A good font size to use is 12 (or 10 if you want to put more information on hesse essays, your CV). The document should use only problem solving, one font style, for example Times New Roman. Use bold ( Bold ) or italics ( Italics ) to violence in pakistan emphasise important words. Only underline section titles (or do not underline any words). If you make a list (for example, a list of solving your job achievements), consider using bullet points. Try to keep the plan type dissertation economique, CV on one side of paper, or use two sides if you have a lot of relevant work experience or qualifications. Keep your sentences short and simple. A typical section order is:

There is an example CV shown below. When writing your name, always put your own name first and your family name last (even if you write the family name first in your own country). Include the full postcode in problem solving writing, your address. Make sure that you will be able to collect all mail sent to this address (if you move, ask the owner to forward letters to you). If you have a mobile telephone, put this number on your CV, so that you can be contacted easily. If you use a voicemail service, it will be easier for callers to leave a message for you.

If you do not have a mobile telephone, give the number of the telephone at plan type dissertation economique your accommodation. The telephone number should start with the solving, area code, written in brackets; for example, a London number should be written (020) xxxx xxxx. Ocd Case Study Summary! If the telephone has an solving, answering machine, make sure that you check the messages every day. If you are sharing someone else's telephone, ask that person's permission before using their number on your CV. Write your e-mail address next to your telephone number, and check your messages regularly. Create two columns.

Use the left-hand column for dates. For start and essay on importance end dates, use either full years (eg 1998-2000) or the problem writing, first three letters of the month followed by internship, the last two digits of the year (eg Jun 98-Sep 00) In the right-hand column, provide information about each of your job roles. Start by writing the name of the company (in bold) and its location. On the problem solving writing, next line you might give a brief description of what the company does.

You might give a title for on importance skills in civil engineering, your job (and perhaps a department name) on another line (highlighting this in problem solving, bold italics) You should list your main responsibilities and achievements within each role (perhaps using bullet points) Give more detail for recent jobs. Make sure that you mention skills which may be useful in the job for which you are now applying. If possible, avoid any date gaps unless they are covered within the Education section. Don't mention how much you were paid. When describing your achievements, use positive action verbs (for example: achieved, arranged, assisted, co-ordinated, completed, dealt with, developed, established, expanded, handled, helped, implemented, improved, increased, interviewed, introduced, maintained, managed, negotiated, organised, planned, processed, programmed, proposed, promoted, purchased, redesigned, reduced, reorganised, revised, sold, solved, streamlined, supervised, trained, translated, worked, wrote). You should not use the word I on plan type, your CV; this is understood. Problem Solving Writing! For example, you might write Increased sales at the shop, but not I increased sales at the shop.

Remember that the ocd case study summary, person reading your CV may not be familiar with the education system in your country. Create two columns. Use the left-hand column for the dates. For start and problem end dates, use either full years (eg 1998-2000) or the first three letters of the hesse essays, month followed by the last two digits of the year (eg Jun 98-Sep 00) In the problem solving, right-hand column, list the name of the ocd case study summary, school or university on one line, followed by solving, further details (the course name or the number of exam subjects passed) on the next line.

List formal educational qualifications only in this table (eg university and secondary school, but not a language school or part-time courses), stating the most recent (and highest level) qualifications first. If you have been to a post-graduate school or college, put the name of this after a label such as Post-graduate studies: so that the level is clear. If you have been to a university, use the word University in the name, or put a label such as University: before the name so that the level is music clear. If the university is one of the top universities in your country, state this fact (the interviewer may not know it). State the name of the solving, town and country after the university's name. In the description, put the name of the hesse essays, main subject studied (try to avoid using the words major or minor, which are used in problem, American English). If you studied English, the type dissertation economique, subject should perhaps be described as English language and solving literature, not just English literature. Avoid mentioning grades unless they are particularly good; if you do mention grades, make sure that they are clear (e.g. 80%, or top grade) - the British university grade system is essay of communication skills engineering probably different from that in your country. You should list any schools you have attended between the ages of about 15 and 18, but not before this age.

You should add the label Secondary school: before the problem solving, name of the school, or include the words High School in the name. If you took exams in a wide range of subjects, you may prefer to ocd case summary list only the number of subjects passed instead of the subject names, or if you have been to problem writing university you may choose not to list any secondary school qualifications. If you are studying in the UK, you may want to ocd case summary include details of this course. If so, write this in a line under the main table. For example, you could write Currently studying English at ABC school, London (since January 2001). If you have other skills or qualifications which you believe may be relevant, you can list these.

English exams which you have passed (eg Passed Cambridge First Certificate of English). Computer skills (eg Good knowledge of standard office software, including e-mail and the internet) Typing speed (only mention this if you are applying for data entry or secretarial jobs) An international driving licence (only mention this if you may need to problem drive for the job) Create two columns; use the left-hand column for labels and type dissertation economique the right-hand column for information. The exact list of personal details you want to give may depend on your circumstances and problem what the job requires, but the list below will give you a guide. Write Date of birth:, followed by the day you were born in the second column, eg 3 Feb 1980. Economique! Note that the date should be written in British date order (day, month, year), not in American date order (month, day, year). Write Nationality:, followed by your nationality eg Japanese. You may want to write Gender:, followed by Male or Female, if this is not obvious to problem writing a British person from your name. Whether you are a man or a woman may be relevant for some jobs.

Write Work status:, followed by a description of the status implied by the stamp in your passport, for example, Student visa or EC citizen (no work permit required). Write Interests: followed by music business cover, a short list of perhaps 3 or 4 main hobbies or interests. Problem Solving! As you have come to about friendship the UK to study, you can probably include interests such as travel, learning languages, or international cultures. Don't list anything which you wouldn't be happy to problem writing discuss at an interview. Short About! Include interests which may show the interviewer that you have good social or team-working skills, that show your dedication / enthusiasm / success, or that highlight additional skills that may be useful in the job (for example, computer or language skills). If you think it is necessary, write References:, followed by Available on request. Writing! You should only provide references if your employer asks for them. If you do need to give a reference, make sure that you have asked the person beforehand. Possible referees include a teacher or previous employer. It may complicate your application if you give the name of a referee who lives abroad; if you want to do this, make sure that the person will be able to provide comments in violence essay, English, and give an writing, e-mail address so that delays can be minimised. 52 Orchard Street, London W2 3BT.

Telephone: 020-7654 3210; Mobile: 07960 999999; E-mail: akiko9999@hotmail.com. · Advised the main shop's customers about organic and health foods. · Developed new business in plan, smaller satellite stores, explaining the writing, benefits of supplements and organic food to potential new customers. · Increased sales at hermann essays both the main and solving writing the satellite shops. The extra profits were used to expand the business by establishing a new shop. · Examined incoming mail and redirected this to business letter the appropriate division. · Translated foreign letters (written in English) into solving Japanese. · Dealt with customs enquiries and procedures. Computer literate: good knowledge of Word and story friendship Excel, as well as e-mail and the internet. Fluent in Japanese; practical knowledge of English and problem writing Korean. If you are sending an sectarian violence, application directly to a potential employer, you should write a one-page letter to accompany your CV (a covering letter).

The covering letter may either be typed (better if you are applying to a large company) or written neatly by hand (better if you believe that a typed letter may appear too formal). Problem Solving! There is an example covering letter shown below. State what type of visa you have, so that the potential employer knows that you will be able to work legally. You may want to mention the level of your English ability. Explain in your letter how you can be contacted. If you are about to essay short story about friendship change your accommodation, you should ask to problem solving writing be contacted either on music letter, your mobile telephone or by e-mail.

If you give the solving, telephone number of your host family, you should ask them for their permission first, and you should check if they have an music business letter, answering machine. EXAMPLE COVERING LETTER. Re: Job as a part-time sales assistant (reference: JBW5014) I would like to apply for the job of a part-time sales assistant in the food section of Fortnum Mason's in Piccadilly, as advertised in Loot Recruit on 2 August. Please find attached a copy of my CV. My previous jobs include two years as a sales assistant in an organic food shop in Japan. This has given me experience of dealing with customers, as well as cashier skills and a basic knowledge of problem solving food retailing. I have been living in London since last September, and am currently studying English at a language school. I have good English communication skills (recently I passed the Cambridge First Certificate in essay short story, English exam). My fluency in Japanese may be useful when dealing with your Japanese customers.

I am an enthusiastic worker, and enjoy working in a team. My student visa entitles me to work up to 20 hours per week (or longer during my school holidays), and I could start work immediately. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss the job vacancy with you on the telephone or at an interview. I can be contacted most easily on my mobile telephone or by problem, e-mail (see details at the top of essay on importance skills engineering this letter). SENDING YOUR APPLICATION. Check your CV and problem solving writing covering letter carefully before you send them. Use the spell-checker on essay of communication in civil, the computer (set the language to British English rather than American English). Ask a native English speaker to problem solving writing check what you have written, and ask this person for any comments they may have.

If sending your application by post, send it by first class rather than by skills in civil, second class (it shows that you care about getting the job). If you send an application by problem solving writing, e-mail, telephone to make sure that it has arrived, or send an essay short about, application in problem writing, the post as well. Alternatively, you may wish to hand in your application personally; if so, use this opportunity to find out in civil engineering, more about the company and ask when you can expect to hear from them. If you have not heard from the company two weeks after you sent your application (or before the closing date for writing, applications, if there is one), telephone the company to on importance of communication in civil check that your job application has been received and that there haven't been any problems contacting you. It is writing often the study summary, case that people are invited for problem, an interview for dissertation, only a small number of the jobs to which they apply.

Try not to feel depressed if it takes a long time to get a job. If you are rejected by a company, ask them to problem writing give you some comments, so that you can improve the quality of your later applications. Prepare for sectarian, a job interview: Work/Interview. Improve your English writing skills: English/Writing.