Descriptive essay holiday celebration

art lange resume Il Gruppo di Improvvisazione Nuova Consonanza Theo Gallher2007. Improvisation in the mid 1960s was an open field, especially in Europe, where jazz improvisation that is, the tradition from descriptive celebration, Armstrong swing to Coltrane sheets-of-sound had already been assimilated, and free-thinking musicians were looking for essay about french, something new, something more, something other. Peter Brötzmann’s extreme post-Ayler expressionism was one avenue of freedom that would prove resilient and attractive to individualist sensibilities, but there was also a feeling of collectivism and a free exchange of new ideas that reflected the descriptive, tenor of the times, politically, socially, and culturally. It was this sense of shared experimentation that led to the emergence of four important ensembles at roughly the same time: John Stevens’ Spontaneous Music Ensemble and AMM in England, and Musica Elettronica Viva and Il Gruppo di Improvvisazione Nuova Consonanza (aka Nuova Consonanza, or “New Consonance”) in Italy. Among the values which these otherwise distinctive groups shared were an idealism about on writing essay (musical and social) equality and interaction, an open-door policy concerning personnel (which meant that members would come and go freely, albeit not necessarily without friction), and an obsession with expanding the boundaries of musical discourse by any means possible. In the case of the Spontaneous Music Ensemble, training ground for burgeoning British radicals like Evan Parker, Trevor Watts, Paul Rutherford, Barry Guy, and Derek Bailey, this led to shape-shifting ensembles that mixed Ornette-style lyricism with close-to-the-vest examinations of descriptive essay celebration, intervals and timbres more reminiscent of the intensely concentrated structures of essays, Anton Webern than any jazz-related precedent. AMM, too, had their own point of view, which included non-jazz input in descriptive holiday the John Cage-related radio play and on writing a persuasive percussive electronics of essay holiday celebration, Keith Rowe and the presence of Cornelius Cardew, whose résumé featured a hands-on apprenticeship with Karlheinz Stockhausen and his own genre-stretching “classical” and graphic compositions. Musica Elettronica Viva was originally formed by renegade American classical musicians like Allan Bryant and tuition essays Frederic Rzewski in order to explore indeterminate and alternatively composed electronic and electro-acoustic pieces, but the descriptive, group dynamic quickly changed as members with classical and jazz backgrounds, like Alvin Curran, Ivan Vandor, and essay questions (on occasion) Steve Lacy, joined in. By devising their own philosophy of activity (involving varieties of musical spontaneity and essay holiday celebration gestural immediacy the sounds often arising directly out of physical action, and not just intellectual theory), each group created an identity of sound and improvisational practice that distinguished them from the others. Nuova Consonanza’s centered about the essay question about, phenomenon of collective composition arguably, an idiom that differs only by degrees of essay, intent and technique from the others, but one that yields unusual and unique music. Tuition Assistance? Unfortunately, samples have been difficult to holiday celebration, find; Deutsche Gramophone released what is possibly their best LP in 1969 but it has never been issued on CD, nor has a recording that appeared in the US on RCA in 1967 under the french revolution, curious title The Private Sea of Dreams . (I strongly suspect that the album title, along with the hazy, psychedelic-sexy cover art and the inscription “Improvisational mood music for modern dream extensions” were all dreamt up by the RCA marketing department in an attempt to descriptive holiday, sell such odd, uncommercial sounds to the ‘60s counter-culture.) Three of that album’s eight tracks reappeared on a fine CD anthology of the group’s work from ’67-75 on the German Edition RZ label which should still be available; additionally, there’s a CD release of tips on writing essay, material circa 1975 on the Cramps imprint.

Fortunately, there is a new release on the Italian label die Schachtel of previously unissued Nuova Consonanza material two CDs of music from 1967-69, and a fascinating 47-minute, bw film documentary from 1967 produced by North German Radio (NDR), which not only reminds us of the group’s historical importance and essay present-day relevance, but provides new insight into their creative processes crucially adding to our understanding of the potential of thesis student loan, non-jazz-related improvisational impulses and activities. Descriptive Holiday Celebration? As was certainly the case with AMM, each member of Nuova Consonanza had their own sharpened views about the music and the aesthetics that informed it. Frederic Rzewski, a member of both MEV and Nuova Consonanza at varying times, states unequivocally in the film “I don’t believe in improvisation.” (Of course, this statement begs further semantic clarification, since Rzewski did subsequently include areas of ets issue essay questions, improvisational activity perhaps meant to be thought of as a kind of descriptive essay holiday celebration, spontaneous cadenza into scores like “The People United Will Never Be Defeated.”) The position of Franco Evangelisti, Nuova Consonanza’s founder and prime motivator (until his death in 1980), was even more complicated. Evangelisti believed that European classical music had depleted all of its compositional resources by the 1960s; his remedy was to involve other composers in a collective creative experience that would result in mutable, unpredictable, continually fresh expressions of spontaneously organized sound. The key words here, however, are “composers” and “organized.” Evangelisti insisted on a performing ensemble that consisted solely of composers in part because of the inherent (even if intuitive) sense of formal logic they would bring to the performance, but also to avoid any taint of jacques essay, instrumental virtuosity for its own sake. Although the holiday, performances themselves (whether in concert or in the recording studio) were “free” improvisations, the composers had been meticulously prepared for the moment of improvisation through extensive rehearsals using “exercises” meant to train their ability to respond to, invent, and good essay shape suitable material spontaneously. Holiday Celebration? In many respects, Evangelisti’s approach to collective composition as “listening feedback” seems more akin to the position of richard 3 essay questions, John Stevens than of, say, Stockhausen in his group-channeled “intuitive music” Aus den Sieben Tagen . Nevertheless, though Evangelisti respected jazz (and, for descriptive essay holiday celebration, that matter, improvisational musics of Africa and Asia), he saw no need to incorporate any jazz-related impulses what we may think of as a particular style of energy, rhythmic momentum, emotional expression, or group support into the musical processes of Nuova Consonanza. Question Revolution? This was apparently one of the points of disagreement among the members, and indeed there are times when some of the music suggests a jazz-induced familiarity but mainly in hindsight, and probably due to our (the listener’s) identification with the instrumentation used. Though they frequently changed instruments, there were times when the group would assemble with trumpet (Ennio Morricone), trombone (John Heineman), tenor saxophone (Ivan Vandor), piano (Evangelisti), bass (Walter Branchi), and essay celebration percussion (Mario Bertoncini and Egisto Macchi).

Not that the on writing a persuasive, results would ever be confused with the Jazz Messengers; still, because of the descriptive holiday, extended techniques they inevitably used “traumatic use” was Evangelisti’s term for it such as Morricone blowing into just the trumpet mouthpiece, Heineman attacking the ets issue essay, bass strings, or Bertoncini bowing cymbals, it’s easy for us to relate them to such contemporary jazz-related practitioners of timbral investigation as Axel Dörner, Mats Gustafsson, Barry Guy, Paul Lovens, and essay celebration the like. Unlike MEV, Nuova Consonanza began as an acoustic ensemble though it’s likely that their immediate reliance on extreme instrumental effects was, if not precisely to mimic electronics, to expand the available palette of sounds for 3 essay questions, the same reason as composers who favored electronics; that is, to descriptive, provide the listener with unfamiliar sounds to jean jacques essay, further disorient their connection with “traditional” music and descriptive celebration require a re-evaluation of perspective. It wasn’t long before Nuova Consonanza added subtle electronics to their instrumentation simply because the means became available to do so. But their ability to function in the arena of unusual acoustic timbres was one of ets issue essay, their strengths, and essay celebration it’s helpful to see in the film how their extended techniques were applied. Ets Issue? The piano, for example, is an especially coded instrument in celebration European music, and watching Evangelisti unload his bag of small objects with which to about revolution, manipulate the strings drumsticks, bottles, knobs, a glass ball, pieces of essay holiday, rubber and essays plastic one can imagine his glee in undermining the tradition of Beethoven and Liszt. To the same end, there’s Bertoncini’s practice of bowing the piano with wires carefully threaded through the strings, having three participants hunched over the open piano, drawing from it a murmuring forest of descriptive essay, drones, overtones, and chimes. Question About French Revolution? Their iconoclasm even emerges in unguarded moments, as when Vandor sits at the piano and jokingly segues from some Wagner to “Give My Regards to Broadway.” Watching them at work, we can recognize other, now common techniques in their early stages of development blowing the descriptive, trombone into the piano to set the jean jacques rousseau essay, strings vibrating sympathetically; the holiday, percussionists moving among woodblocks, marimbas, cymbals, and snares in a choreography that fills empty space with sounds (reminiscent of Jackson Pollock’s gestures above and company within the canvas he was filling with color); a gong struck and dipped into descriptive holiday, a tub of water; scraping a tube of bamboo on jacques rousseau the floor to echo the squeals coming from inside the piano. Evangelisti explained, “We know what comes out celebration of the instruments we have; we need new instruments for new sounds.” New sounds are needed to devise new structures, as Cage wrote elsewhere, and that includes the full spectrum of “effects” that extended techniques offer.

The addition of non-pitched or distorted sounds and tuition assistance essays alienated effects noise previously excluded from classical composition, along with the distribution and reconstruction of formal compositional logic from a single source to that juxtaposed among several instigators, all in real time, was meant to blend together into the “new consonance” not a traditional harmonic consonance, but a new way of hearing which could accept the expanded harmonic systems of Schönberg and Webern as well as the disorienting timbres of musique concreté and descriptive holiday electronics, plus these new noises and jean jacques essay new forms, with the same unbiased ear. Celebration? But the question remains, does this approach to improvisation differ from that of those contemporaneous musicians from a jazz background? Is there an idiomatic difference between classical and jazz versions of “free” improvisation? Apparently there are times when it’s not audible and when it’s not, it can be argued that there is no difference. When it is, it often is attributed to contrasting degrees of energy, rhythmic emphasis, consensual modes of attack and gesture. Yet I wonder if some of the differences may not be in ets issue the sounds themselves, but in the way we respond to them. That is, we tend to listen to composed music with the understanding that the composer has used knowledge, contemplation, and essay celebration a singular vision to “perfect” a score to give it a sense of inevitability and, whether we like the music or not, we accept it as if it could exist in about revolution no other fashion.

On the other hand, the mutability of holiday, group-improvised music makes us aware of how spontaneous, unpredictable relationships can come together in surprising yet satisfying concord; success is measured in the perceived quality of events, details, intensity, interaction, organization. This may be why Evangelisti saw the need to develop a sense of ensemble in Nuova Consonanza’s music that is, a compositional development of essay question revolution, like-minded events with a dependency of parts (although spontaneously derived), as opposed to Cage’s Zen-inspired notion of letting sounds be sounds (without rational relationship) or the common free jazz practice of having the holiday, music result from a collision of juxtaposed, seemingly unrelated statements. Do these attitudes affect the way we listen? Do we approach each with different expectations? Do we hear them differently?

I think that’s ultimately up to the individual or, as Count Basie opined, every tub on essay its own bottom.

Oracle Apps Manufacturing Resume Sample. Functional Consultant Oracle Applications Specialist with 11+ years of business and IT experience. ERP Analyst with 7 years of holiday experience in good tips on writing, manufacturing and distribution modules of Oracle Applications. Five full cycle implementation at manufacturing sites (USA) using Oracle apps R12 and 11i various modules. Essay Celebration! Skilled in Identifying and good tips on writing a persuasive Analyzing Business Requirements , Solution Design, Gap Analysis , Business Process Mapping, Application configuration, Data Conversion and Validation, Customization and Localization, System and Integration Testing, User Acceptance and Training. Expertise and implementation experience in Oracle ERP Inventory (INV), Bills of Material (BOM), Work in Process (WIP), Advance supply chain planning (ASCP), Manufacturing Scheduling /MRP, Warehouse Management (WMS) , Mobile Supply Chain Applications (MSCA), Engineering (ENG), Cost management (CST), Quality (QA), E-Records and descriptive holiday celebration E-Signatures (ERES), Approvals Management (AME), Order Management (OM), Purchasing (PO), Depot Repair (CSD). Functional expertise in Report, Interfaces, Conversions and essay Extensions (RICE) Component.

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Operating Systems Windows Vista/XP/2000/NT, UNIX (SUN Solaris), DOS. Databases Oracle 10g, 9i, 8i, 8.x, 7.x and MS Access. Oracle 11i Implementation, GE Healthcare - GSC, Milwaukee, WI Feb 2009 Present. Global Service Center (GSC) of GEHC is the celebration world’s leading Service business of medical diagnostic imaging equipment, including conventional and digital x-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, ultrasound, positron emission tomography and nuclear medicine. GSC implementing Oracle Applications to automate entire repair process. As a SME I implemented Depot Repair, INV, BOM, WIP, PO, OM, CST and Quality module.

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Managed Oracle Service Requests (SR's) to resolution. Environment : Oracle Applications 11.5.10.2. Oracle R12 implementation, Escalade Inc, Evansville, IN Jan 2008 Feb 2009. ERP Specialist - MFG SC. Escalade Inc is a manufacturer and on writing a persuasive essay distributor of sporting goods and office/graphic arts products through two wholly owned subsidiaries: Escalade Sports and celebration Martin Yale. As a SME I implemented INV, BOM, WIP, ASCP, WMS, MSCA, CST, PO and Quality across multiple sites in richard 3 essay questions, US, Mexico Europe using Oracle Business Accelerator. Key initiatives are Planning and scheduling configuration , Integration with Demantra forecast model, Constrained Planning configuration, Available to promise (ATP) configuration, Build to Order process set-up, RF Scanner, label printing bar code process deployment for descriptive essay celebration, manufacturing, receiving and shipping, Super market setup, WMS org configuration , Put away and questions Cross Docking rule set-up, MSCA GUI configuration, PTO Kit set-up, Direct Indirect cost mapping, Return Repair process, Set-up for Demo Trade-show inventory, NPI and ECO process, Purchasing approval hierarchy configuration , Auto create purchase requisition from planning workbench, Cycle count and descriptive essay holiday Physical count setup, OSP and Drop-ship process, Quality collection plans and collection element set-up, Engineering, Production Purchasing hold, Scrap calculation, XML and Discoverer reports, Workflow configuration, Scrap calculation, Data migration from AS400 to jean jacques, oracle, Training and change management. Collected business requirement by interviewing client team across multiple sites. Reviewed business process documents. Accountable for providing leadership and essay holiday facilitation for essay question about, requirements gathering, structured documentation and presentation of findings.

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Identified and analyzed non-functional requirements such as system performance, usability, reliability, adaptability, security, and other operational aspects. Coordinated between the business and the technical team members through the solution delivery process. Recommended supported all Oracle Applications patching, upgrades and maintenance activities by testing and troubleshooting functional issues. Managed Oracle Service Requests (SR's) to resolution effectively. Conducted Super user training, CRP, User Acceptance Test, end user training.

Go Live. Production Support Implementation issues, Training, Month end, year end activities. Environment : Oracle Applications R12.0.4. Oracle Apps, Cummins Power Generation, Fridley, MN Jul 2007 Jan 2008. Cummins Power Generation is a global provider of power generation systems, components and services in standby power, distributed power generation, as well as auxiliary power in mobile applications.

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Accountable for providing leadership and facilitation for requirements gathering, structured documentation and presentation of findings. Prepared Setup specification documents BR100 configured oracle modules in development and production environment. Prepared Conversion specification documents CV60/CV40, Data Validation Load file preparation. Deployed ERES AME framework to essay french revolution, achieve FDA compliance for descriptive essay, required business transactions. Performed Data conversion through Interfaces/Data Loader.

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Mapped business requirements. As-Is Vs To-be Process Analysis. Gap Analysis and Resolution. Prepared Setup specification documents BR100 configured oracle modules in development and production environment. Prepared Conversion specification documents CV60/CV40. Data Validation Load file preparation. Performed Data conversion through Interfaces / Data Loader. Conversions like Item, Item Categories, BOM, Routing, Cost, On handetc. Error resolution.

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Month end, Quarter close, Year end activities and reporting. Environment : Oracle Applications 11i. Configure, Price, Quote, GE Healthcare, Mumbai, India Feb 2001 Mar 2003. Configure-Price-Quote (CPQ), a Product Configuration application, is GEHC’s global initiative to integrate its multiple equipment selling systems on a single global platform. Descriptive Essay! CPQ integrates with the Order to Receipt (OTR) Oracle Apps system different components of sales workbench.

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As Production Engineer I was -in-charge of Tempo Trax production line, managed manpower of around 20 employees and reporting to Plant Manager. Production planning to meet daily and monthly targets. Manufacturing scheduling Resource allocation. Co-ordination with supporting dept. (Maintenance, Quality control, IT , Return Repair dept etc). Performance monitoring execution. Production issue resolution. Master of Engineering (Manufacturing Systems), Birla Institute of Technology and Science- Pilani, Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical), Govt. About Revolution! Engineering College, Ujjain India.

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AP English Language Course Study Tips. Before you learn how to study for the specific portions of the AP Language exam, it’s time to learn how to study for AP courses in general. AP stands for Advanced Placement; meaning, the courses are designed to challenge you more so than a regular high school class. Tips? It’s safe to say that it’s nearly impossible to pass the AP Language and Composition exam if you don’t have a grasp on how to study for a class as stimulating as an Advanced Placement course. 1. Become Familiar with AP Style Questions: Before you can even begin to study for the AP exams, you need to familiarize yourself with the overall format of the questions being asked on the exam. AP Central is descriptive essay holiday celebration a study aid website developed by the College Board, who writes the jacques, AP exam. Here, they have the formats of the questions being asked on specific AP exams.

They even have copies of the questions present on previous AP exams. Take a look at the questions they have specifically for the AP Language and Composition exam on AP Central. 2. Descriptive Celebration? Complete Any Summer Work Assigned: Many AP English courses require you to read a few books over ets issue essay the summer vacation months. The teachers expect you to have read the content, and in some cases, they’ll even want you to complete a book report or project during the descriptive essay celebration, first week of class. It would be incredibly unwise to essay questions procrastinate and try to cram reading three or more books in the span of the last few weeks of summer. Descriptive Essay Holiday? Not only will you stress yourself out, but you also will hinder your understanding of the content. Student Loan? If you plan on procrastinating and essay not doing what is asked by your AP teachers, be prepared for a rude awakening at the beginning of the school year in the form of a bad project grade. 3 Essay? This can develop into your end of the essay holiday celebration, year exam scores suffering. 3. Teach Yourself the Material: A good portion of Advanced Placement courses is based on teaching yourself the content. I can guarantee that you won’t understand every single concept covered in the hour or so that you’re actually in the classroom. When this inevitably happens, you’re going to feel lost and the subject matter becomes a little daunting.

But the about revolution, rest is up to celebration you: you can either take it into your own hands and research the topic when you get home, or you can ignore the essay question french, topic completely and hope you understand the next one. Here’s a hint: you should choose the first one. There’s a huge abundance of extra content out there for you to essay discover. Of course, there are the obvious choices like YouTube review videos and articles explaining the 3 essay questions, content you find a little hazy. However, there’s also an incredible amount of hidden gems around the Internet just waiting to be discovered. Teachers don’t have time to cover every single tiny detail of essay holiday content in the sixty minutes or so that they have you every day. Rousseau? At the end of the year, it’s up to you to make sure you understand everything to essay holiday celebration make a 5 on richard 3 essay questions, the AP exam. 4. Develop Critical Thinking Skills: A good portion of Advanced Placement courses is designed to test your ability to holiday celebration think critically. Critical thinking is a skill that will be extremely beneficial for you to acquire, not only for AP courses, but also for real life. To pass many AP courses, you need to understand that everything covered isn’t simply black and white.

There are an incredible number of gray areas within the ets issue essay questions, content that you need to descriptive holiday celebration learn to questions approach from essay celebration, every angle. If you keep an open mind and combine your observations as well as inferences you’ve made with the material, critical thinking will be a skill you’ll build with ease. This will drastically increase your odds of scoring high on AP exams. 5. Go to Class: Avoid missing your AP classes at all costs. If you’re not in richard questions, class, how can you possibly expect to descriptive essay holiday celebration learn the content? You’re more likely to get behind on assignments if you miss class, which can become very stressful.

Any amount of added stress can severely affect your understanding of vital concepts covered on the end of the year exams. 6. Form a Study Group: One of the most effective ways to study for any exam is to thesis student loan form a study group. Ideally, this group will contain members of all knowledge levels. Each person will bring something to the table—maybe you know more about symbolism than Susan, while Susan understands literary devices better than Ryan, and so on. Learning other people’s viewpoints on the subjects covered on the different exams will help you approach questions from every angle. Now that you’ve followed the descriptive celebration, previous general Advanced Placement study tips, you can focus on studying specifically for the AP Language and rousseau Composition exam. This part of this article will focus on the multiple-choice portion, which amounts to 45% of your overall score. So you could say that it’s pretty important.

Start your AP English Language Prep today. AP English Language Multiple Choice Tips. 1. Prepare Early: The most important tip for celebration, acing any standardized exam is to develop good study habits. Prepare early. If possible, start at the beginning of the semester. Once you learn your first new topic or cover a key concept, review it that night. Then, when you learn your second, study that in addition to student loan company the previous learned concept. The process should go on throughout the semester which will be a surefire way to remember important content at the end of the descriptive holiday, year.

2. Test Yourself: If you’re one of the many high school students who don’t spend most of their time studying, preparing early, and following the system of the previous study tip, we understand. You have cheer practice, guitar lessons, homework and everything in between. Studying every single night may be a bit of a struggle. If this sounds like you, then the best option for tuition essays, studying for the AP Language exam is to test yourself. Holiday Celebration? Periodically throughout the semester, look up practice exams to test your comprehension of the material.

3. Read the Passages FIRST: Everyone knows the classic shortcut when it comes to multiple choice tests—read the questions first, then scan the passages to richard look for descriptive, the answers. This is a method of approaching the exam that is completely wrong. It will leave you without a deep understanding of richard 3 essay questions what the passage is about. With less comprehension, you’re more likely to descriptive essay holiday celebration make mistakes and choose the wrong answer. 4. Read the thesis company, Questions Thoroughly: This goes without saying.

If you don’t have a good grasp on the content of the question, you’re going to get it wrong. Read the questions carefully and determine what it is asking, where in the text the answer can be found, and descriptive essay holiday celebration whether any of the choices provide a logical answer to the question. Sometimes the answer to student company the questions can be complicated and rather unnerving. To avoid getting overwhelmed by this, try covering up the multiple choice answers with your hand or ignore them completely while you read just the stem of the descriptive celebration, question. Try to come up with an essay question about french answer for descriptive holiday celebration, the question before you even glance at the possible choices. 5. Richard 3 Essay Questions? Reread Portions of the Text: When you have determined where in the passage an holiday celebration answer can be found, reread that portion. Questions? Dissect it thoroughly and from there, decide what the descriptive celebration, correct answer might be. 6. Use the Process of Elimination: This tip may be a little bit obvious. Ever since you were young, you’ve heard the helpful suggestion of deducing answers. If you’re familiar with the subject matter of the question, it should not be hard to rule out at least one of the thesis student, choices that you have determined not to essay celebration be the answer. Physically mark through the answers you believe are wrong.

It will help you to visually see which answers couldn’t possibly be the right one. Be sure to take your time when deducing an answer. Sometimes the writers of the test will write two answer choices that seem almost identical. However, one of them will have the student loan company, slightest difference that makes it incorrect. It might also help you to circle or underline the terms or reasoning within the wrong answer choices that proves they are incorrect. This may help you further into descriptive celebration the test. If you get stumped on a similar question, you may look back onto questions, these incorrect responses. With this information, you can deduce which answers are incorrect and which are correct. 7. Skip Difficult Questions: Because the multiple-choice portion is timed, you may not have time to answer every single question if you are unsure of a few. The simplest way to clear your mind and focus on the easier question is to immediately skip the more difficult questions that require more critical thinking. Then, once you have answered all of the questions you feel more confident about, go back to the more difficult questions, if time permits.

8. Use Circles or Check Marks: Whenever you skip a question, be sure to descriptive holiday circle its number. That way, when you’re going back through your test, the 3 essay, search time for unanswered questions will be cut drastically. Alternatively, you can put a check mark beside every question you have answered, leaving unanswered questions with a blank space beside the numbers. 9. When in Doubt, Guess: On the AP Language and Composition exam, like every other Advanced Placement exam, your score on the multiple-choice portion is descriptive holiday based on the number of questions you answer correctly. There is no penalty for incorrect answers. So there’s no logical reason not to guess on rousseau, questions you are stumped on. 10. Make Flashcards: For terms or concepts that are crucial for holiday celebration, you to memorize, make flashcards. It may seem like an elementary study tip, but it truly works. Pay special attention to terms or concepts that you don’t fully understand. 11.

Study before Bed: If you’ve made flashcards, a great time to 3 essay questions study them, or really any notes you’ve taken, is before you go to bed. The brain remembers the celebration, most information right before you go to sleep. This is because when you’re asleep, it processes the most important memories of your day for storage. Ets Issue? If you review right before bedtime, your brain prioritizes this information and stores it for quick access. Because of this, it’d be a good idea to study first thing in the morning, too.

This will remind your brain that the subject you’re studying really needs to be remembered. 12. Focus on Your Weaknesses: When you don’t quite understand a concept as well as you should, be sure to take time to break it down. Run over it many times in your head and you can even research it for a better understanding. Descriptive? It’s crucial that you’re at least familiar with all concepts that are going to be covered on ets issue essay, the exam. 13.

Don’t Stress: This is easier said than done, we understand. But there is descriptive holiday celebration nothing worse than working your way through multiple choice questions and ets issue essay having your brain freeze because you’re stressed out. This makes it difficult to descriptive even read the richard 3 essay, question, let alone understand it. 14. Descriptive? Remember to Breathe: The best thing you can do when you get overwhelmed by the pressures of the exam is to assistance take a deep breath. Have confidence that you know the material well enough to get through this portion with ease. The next part of this article will focus on the seemingly daunting free response portion of the AP Language and Composition exam, worth 55% of your score.

This portion consists of three different essays you must write within a two-hour period after a mandatory fifteen-minute reading period. Ultimately, these essays will assess your ability to essay holiday quickly formulate arguments form inferences and essay question analysis drawn from the sources provided to you. If you don’t understand early on descriptive celebration, how to go about following the instructions that are asked on the exam, you might find this portion more difficult than the multiple-choice section. Start your AP English Language Prep today. Here are some tips to help you ace this portion of the tuition, exam: AP English Language Free Response Question Tips.

1. Understand the essay celebration, Question: Make sure you read the essay prompt many times and identify the key question being asked. Approach the question from each side of the possible argument that it poses. 2. Essay About French Revolution? Choose Your Side: Based on the evidence provided for you in the passages you’ve read, come up with an holiday argument. It is often helpful to choose an argument that has more evidence and student loan company references to support it, even if you do not necessarily agree with every tiny detail. 3. Create a Thesis: Come up with a strong thesis statement that clearly and effectively approaches the topic and the argument you are presenting.

Don’t bother regurgitating the prompt in your introductory paragraphs—the scorers will just assume you are filling space and it will make your argument seem weak and descriptive essay holiday lacking confidence. Answer all of the questions asked by the prompt in richard 3 essay, your introductory paragraph and include the main point of your argument in your thesis. 4. Descriptive Essay Holiday Celebration? Build a Strong Body: Once you have your thesis statement, construct body paragraphs around it. Be sure to mention how the ets issue, supporting evidence you are citing within your essays relates back to your argument. 5. Be Specific: Ambiguity and vague sentences have no place within an AP Language and Composition exam essay. The readers of your essay expect you to be exact and to the point. They want you to descriptive essay holiday celebration prove a point to them, not dance around it aimlessly. The more specific you are with your information, the better. 6. Question About? Use Your Resources: You’re given sources for a reason. Use these to strengthen your argument and convince your audience of descriptive its legitimacy. Failing to use the resources provided to questions you will result in an incredibly low score.

Why should you be given a high score when you couldn’t even follow the directions of the exam? 7. Develop a Tone: The tone of an essay is celebration what sets the stage for rousseau, your argument. Descriptive Essay Celebration? If there is question about french no tone, it makes the essay seem sloppy and poorly structured. The argument itself may even seem scattered and descriptive essay holiday all over the place. The tone of your essay should reflect your side of the argument. If it doesn’t, how can the readers be expected to thesis company understand completely what side you are taking? 8. Learn How to Make Assumptions: A great deal of the scoring of descriptive essay this portion is based on the assumptions you make. The assumptions and inferences made from your sources are crucial. Use them to explain your viewpoints and strengthen your argument.

Logical assumptions give interesting perspectives to richard 3 essay the scorers of the essays. The use of inferences and assumptions in your essays also demonstrates your ability to think critically (as we discussed earlier). 9. Organize Your Thoughts: As you work through planning your argument in the essays, make sure you take time to organize your thoughts. This will strengthen your argument and the overall structure of your essay. Descriptive Holiday Celebration? If your essay is neat and clean, the scorers can easily find what they are looking for in a well-written argument. 10. Richard 3 Essay Questions? Know the Fundamentals of Writing: If you are unfamiliar with the structure of an essay, you definitely need to learn it before the descriptive celebration, exam.

Think of an essay as a skeleton: the introductory, body, and conclusion paragraphs are the bones; the actual muscle, tendons, and organs holding it together are the bulk of the essay. This is what you add to it, including arguments and supporting evidence. 11. Use Variety: If you write your essay with choppy, short sentences having a simple vocabulary, the reader is going to assume that you are not well-versed in the English language. This can severely hurt your score—especially considering you are taking an exam in AP Language and Composition.

If anything, this course should make your writing shine and appeal to the scorer. You wouldn’t want the person grading your essay to assume that you are lacking in style and grammar. 12. 3 Essay Questions? Work Quickly: Although you want to keep all of descriptive essay celebration these tips in mind, remember that this is still a timed portion of the assistance, exam. You don’t have much time to essay holiday celebration spend trying to make every single part of your essays perfect. 13. Develop Time Management Skills: Learning time management skills early on can help tremendously when it comes to timed exams. Practice taking timed exams frequently throughout the thesis student loan, semester to build confidence and skill.

This will really help when you’re forced to formulate multiple arguments for different essays in a limited amount of time. 14. Know the Rubric: Knowing the rubric is an incredibly strategic move in acing the AP Language and Composition essay portion. When you know what exactly it is the scorers usually look for, you can be at ease. This is because you know exactly what to put into your arguments to make for a high-scoring essay. 15. Develop a Good Attitude: Having a good attitude going into essay the course will show the teacher that you are there to learn. Essay Question About French? Teachers are more willing to help students that seem upbeat and overall well-rounded.

This can also translate into confidence when it comes exam time. 16. READ!: This may seem obvious, but many students don’t understand how much reading is required for this course. Essay Celebration? AP Language and Composition covers writing styles throughout several centuries and it’s crucial to become familiar with all of them. Reading a few books for leisure in between assignments will help drastically in developing a writing style of your own as well. 17. Practice Dissection: No, don’t worry; you won’t have to know how to dissect a dead frog for the AP Language exam. Good On Writing A Persuasive Essay? However, it is a good idea to practice dissecting everything you read. When reading, ask yourself: Who is the audience in this piece? What is celebration it that the author is trying to student loan accomplish by writing this?

What is the main idea? Is there any symbolism used in vague sentences? 18. Write Neatly: Legible writing is a scorer’s best friend. They are very busy people with thousands of essays to descriptive holiday celebration grade.

They do not have much time trying to 3 essay decipher your chicken scratch. The more the scorers can read, the more there is to grade. 19. Plan Out Your Essays: Even though the essay portion is timed, you should still take a few minutes to plan out your arguments. The last thing you want to do is confuse your readers by having a sloppy essay with little to no organization or planning. Plans help bring structure and life to essay celebration your writings. 20. Avoid Cliches: Sure, a cliche may bring a sense of familiarity to your writing.

But mostly, it just bores the assistance, reader. If you must use a common cliche phrase, try to change it up a bit by using synonyms for the verbs. 21. Be Specific: When writing your essays for the AP Language and Composition exam, be specific. The prompt may ask you to discuss the rhetoric devices used in a passage. Instead of just listing them, provide a brief description of each device and how it is used.

This will display a sophisticated understanding of the material sure to impress the readers. 22. Stay on Topic: This goes hand in hand with number five. If you have planned out your essay well, you’ll be more conscious as to when your writing is deviating from the main topic. Holiday? Periodically look back at the prompt as you are writing to make sure you’re answering everything required in tuition assistance, your essay. 23. Stay Healthy: A healthy body leads to a healthy mind; they go hand in hand.

Be sure to fuel your body and brain with water and a good hearty breakfast before your exam. Essay Holiday Celebration? Moreover, be sure to get enough exercise and eat healthy throughout the student, rest of the year. You’ll come to see both your mood and your school performance increase. 24. Learn How to Handle Stress: Stress can take a toll on each and every one of us. Learning how to handle it is a skill that is vital to every aspect of life, especially when it comes to school. Be sure to remember that your mental and physical health is more important than a score on a high school exam.

Know your limits and descriptive holiday celebration take breaks when needed so you can assure a happy and healthy brain. 25. Be comfortable in uncertainty, for that will lead to clarity. The essence of all art, and literature is tuition essays no exception, is that it dwells in the realm of ambiguity and holiday celebration multiplicity; this is what makes great art. Consider Moby Dick, especially the chapter “The Whiteness of the Whale,” this is fundamentally the world of art. If students can only manage or see one answer, they will never be able to student loan company truly understand literature and descriptive essay holiday will always succumb to superficial interpretations and debilitating stress.

Thanks for the truly insightful tip from Dan B. from Holy Cross High School. 26. Say you have to thesis loan read two articles, one in the San Francisco Chronicle and one posted on a blog. You know nothing about either author. Essay Celebration? You know nothing about the essays, content (topic). Brainstorm about holiday, what credibility factors you can deduce before you even see the articles . Thanks for the tip from Mark M. 27. Multiple choice always presents a combination of easy, medium, and hard questions for each passage. Generally speaking, these questions follow the chronology of the passage, but they are all worth the same amount of points. Essay French Revolution? Therefore, the best approach is to go for easy and medium questions first and skip questions that will require a significant amount of time up front. Thanks for the tip from Fred B.

28. When dealing with questions asking about things in context, the best approach is to return to the beginning of the sentence or the previous sentence and descriptive holiday celebration read the end of ets issue essay that sentence to understand its meaning. Essay Holiday Celebration? It may also be a good idea to read the sentence that follows as well. Thanks for the tip from Fred B. 29. Ets Issue Essay? If you’re running out of time, you should either scan the remaining questions and find the shortest questions or look for questions that contain the answer without requiring you to refer back to descriptive essay holiday celebration the text. Thanks for the tip from Fred B. 30.

A great way to pace yourself is to take the number of multiple choice questions and to divide the number by two. Therefore, if you have 60 questions to answer and an hour to do so, you should be at question 30 by the 30 minute mark. Jacques Rousseau? You can also use this approach by dividing by the number of passages. Thanks for the tip from Fred B. 31.

Create your own excitement about the prompt and what you have to say about descriptive essay, it. Tuition Essays? If you can find a way to be passionate about it, you will write faster, easier, and better. After this year’s test one of celebration my students said she remembered the tip and intentionally generated her own enthusiasm about jean essay, her topics, so she came out celebration feeling happy about what she wrote. She scored a 4. Question About Revolution? Thanks for the tip from Pam S. 32. Students need to enhance their vocabulary through adding quality verbs in order to read and write more effectively. Holiday? This study should embrace the verb in both active and passive voice; likewise, the verb should be mastered for gerundive and participial uses. Thanks for the tip from Mike M. 33.

Read credible newspapers daily. Connect current world events to classic essays and memoirs. Look for tuition essays, the connection between the human condition and the speaker’s purpose. Always ask why? Why that word? Why that tone? Why that call to action?

Thanks for the tip from descriptive essay holiday celebration, Bobbi C. 34. The two skills of the course are argument and questions rhetorical analysis. One bit of advice that is central to impart to students is the tenet “acknowledge complexity.” This is relevant in arguments (e.g. take time to address reasonable counter-arguments) and rhetorical analysis (e.g. a letter can be both threatening and conciliatory — check out Banneker’s letter to Jefferson from the 2010 test). Passing the AP English Language and Composition exam is never going to be easy. But with the right amount of studying, motivation, and understanding (along with these tips, of course), you should have more than what it takes to score well on this exam. Prepare early, be confident in your comprehension of the material, and watch yourself work through the exam with certainty. Essay Holiday Celebration? Thanks for richard, the tip from Peter D. Tips Submitted by AP English Language Teachers.

Are you a teacher or student? Do you have an awesome tip? Let us know! Looking for AP English Language practice? Educators, are you looking to improve student outcomes?

Rigorous, standards-aligned interactive learning for all AP courses. College Entrance. Up-to-date learning supplements for descriptive essay holiday, SAT and ACT. Differentiated Foundations. Math, literacy, and writing supplements for richard 3 essay, school-wide implementations.

NGSS Engage. An innovative CCSS-aligned supplement to accelerate NGSS adoption. *AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the College Board, which was not involved in essay holiday, the production of, and does not endorse, this product. SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse this product. ACT® is a registered trademark of ACT, Inc., which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admission Council®, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

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100 Easy Causal Analysis Essay Topics. VirginiaLynne has been a University English instructor for over 20 years. Descriptive Celebration! She specializes in helping people write essays faster and easier. Causal analysis essays answer the question, Why? Many times, answer to richard 3 essay, this question can't be proved absolutely, so sometimes this essay is called a speculating about causes essay.

To write it, you will describe what happens and descriptive holiday then state your answer (aka thesis) about the essay question about french, cause, providing support for your answer with reasons and evidence. Descriptive Essay Holiday Celebration! • Why do people do that? • Why does this happen? • Why is jean jacques, this a trend? • Why does it occur? What causes people to develop phobias? Why do some people become addicted to gambling when others can gamble and descriptive holiday celebration not become addicted? What causes people to thesis student, rise above a disadvantaged background such as poverty, a single-parent household, or abusive parents? What are the descriptive celebration, chemical causes of falling in love? What causes feeling of romantic attraction to essay, fade? What causes love at descriptive essay holiday, first sight? Why do people lose their memories as they get older? Why do people need to loan, sleep?

Why do we develop muscle memory for some repetitive actions? Why do people experience nightmares? Why do some marriages last for a lifetime? Why do we have short and long term memory? Why do people get dyslexia? Why do we respond physically to fear? Why do we yawn (or hiccup, or stretch)? Why can people, who have their eyes closed, sense objects they are approaching but not yet touching?

What makes some people introverts and others extroverts? Why is methamphetamine so addictive? Why do people crave sugar? Why do some families look so much alike, while others don't? Why do first born children tend to be achievers? Why do people snore? Why do people lie?

Why do people blush? Why do people hate? Why do teenagers rebel against their parents? Why do teens get acne? Why do teens sleep so much? Why do teens cut themselves? Why do people commit suicide? Why do teens engage in sexting?

Why do young people start smoking when they know it causes cancer? Why do young people sometimes get cancer? or have heart attacks? Why do teenagers use drugs? Why do college students binge drink? Why do young people become homeless? Why do young people join gangs? Why do young people make graffiti?

Why do fewer young people vote (compared to older generations)? Why don't younger people donate blood? or become organ donors? Why don't teenage relationships last? Why don't teenagers read? Why don't teen marriages last? Why are teenagers more optimistic than older people? Why are young people better at learning languages than older people? Why do adolescent girls need more iron than adults or boys their age?

Why do teenage girls idolize male celebrities? Why do adolescents need protein? Why do adolescent girls mature faster than boys? Why do adolescents need to establish their own identity? What type of Why question most interests you? Why do animals have tails? Why do some animals like to be petted?

Why do elderly people with pets live longer, healthier, and happier lives? Why are pets good for kids? Why do dogs eat strange things like grass and poop? Why do cats show pleasure by purring and essay kneading? Why do cats like to sleep in boxes and other strange places? Why do cats who are well-fed still hunt? Why do birds build elaborate nests? Why do monarch butterflies migrate long distances?

Why do ants and bees live in colonies? Why do wolves howl? Why did humans domesticate wolves and breed them to become dogs? Why do some insects and ets issue essay questions jellyfish glow? What causes tides? Or the wind? What causes insects like crickets and essay cicadas to make such loud noises? Why are animals used in research? Why are animals afraid of humans?

Why is larger size an advantage for animals in colder climates? Why do small dogs live longer than bigger dogs? Why are some animals becoming endangered? Why is nature so therapeutic? Why are insects attracted to light?

Why are insects the most successful animals on earth? Why are microbes important to human beings? Why are so many Americans against the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)? Why are some Euro countries like Greece in such economic turmoil? Why are rates of AIDS transmission higher in essay about french Africa than elsewhere? Why do Japanese couples delay marriage? Why does Japan have higher suicides rates than many other countries? Why are large typhoons and hurricanes like Haiyan happening more frequently? What has caused the unrest in the Middle East which resulted in the Arab Spring Movement and Syria's civil war? What caused the Great Recession of descriptive, 2008?

Why are random shootings becoming more common in the U.S.? What causes terrorist groups to target certain countries? (You could choose a country.) What caused the tips essay, U.S. government shut down of 2013? Why is North Korea so closed to the rest of the world? Or why is it becoming more belligerent toward other nations? Why are more and more people moving to essay, large cities and 3 essay questions away from essay holiday, rural areas? (You could talk about this worldwide or apply this question to one country or region of the jacques rousseau, world.) Why has the descriptive holiday, neo-conservative movement developed in American politics?

Why has neo-Nazism been on richard 3 essay, the rise in Germany? Why is holiday, China going to essay, ease up on the one-child policy? Why did Donald Trump win in the 2016 election? Why have the police been targeted by gunmen recently in the U.S.? Why are terrorists choosing to celebration, use vehicles as weapons? Why did the Arab Spring movement not lead to successful democratic societies? Why is Twitter the tuition essays, medium of choice for Donald Trump? What caused the essay celebration, French Revolution? What caused the tuition, development of American slavery system? What caused the settlement of Australia by the English? What caused the colonization of Africa?

Why does English have so many words of French origin? Why is English the main language used around the world in business and science? Why does India have a caste system? Why are the celebration, Chinese still interested in religion after years of atheist communism? What caused the student loan company, great Chinese famine in descriptive essay holiday celebration the Great Leap Forward?

What caused the assistance, black plague of the descriptive celebration, Middle Ages to thesis, stop? What caused Great Britain to adopt the descriptive essay celebration, parliamentary system? Why does America have an educational system that is thesis company, different from the descriptive essay holiday, European system used by most of the rest of the world? Why, according to essay question about french revolution, the 2000 U.S. Census information, did more Americans identify with German ancestry (15%) than any other heritage (Irish was second at 10%, and African American was third at 8%)? Why did Japan attack the descriptive holiday, U.S. at Pearl Harbor? or Why did America drop an atomic bomb to good a persuasive, end the descriptive essay, war? Why is essay question about revolution, it important to study history? (Depending on how you answer, this could be worked into a causal essay topic.) After choosing your topic question, you can research online to get some ideas of possible answers. Descriptive Celebration! Title: The causal question makes a great title for your essay.

However, you should probably make the question as short as possible for the title. Your answer to the question will be the loan company, thesis of your paper. Introduction: Start your introduction by interesting your reader in essay holiday the topic and describing the situation or effect. See the chart for easy introduction and conclusion ideas. The end of your introduction will be your cause question and thesis. Thesis: Start your thesis by asking your question and then answering it.

To make your thesis into essay about french a clear roadmap of what you will talk about in descriptive holiday celebration your essay, add a because followed by the three reasons you will give in the body of richard 3 essay questions, your essay. Body: Be careful to write the descriptive essay holiday celebration, reasons in parallel format. Sample Thesis: Why do people enjoy being scared at a horror movie? Humans enjoy scary movies because they feel an tips on writing a persuasive emotional release in watching and talking with other people about the experience, and they get a vicarious thrill in descriptive essay celebration seeing the forbidden on the screen. (Of course, you can have more than just three reasons, and you may have several paragraphs on one reason if you have several parts of that reason to discuss.) Topic Sentences of questions, Body: For your body paragraphs, take your three reasons and turn them into full sentences. Those are your topic sentences for holiday celebration, the body paragraphs of ets issue essay questions, your essay. Descriptive Essay! Gather evidence from your own observations and from research. Thesis Student Loan! Conclusion: In the conclusion, you want to either urge the reader to believe your reasons or give a final point. See ideas in the chart below. Easy Introductions and essay celebration Conclusions.

100 Problem Solution Essay Topics with Sample Essays. by Virginia Kearney 42. Easy Argumentative Essay Topics for College Students. by jean essay, Virginia Kearney 5. by Virginia Kearney 6. Essay Holiday! How to Write a Proposal Essay/Paper. by richard 3 essay, Laura Writes 40. Descriptive! 100 Argument or Position Essay Topics with Sample Essays. by Virginia Kearney 37. 100 Science Topics for tuition essays, Research Papers. by Virginia Kearney 108. this really helped! Virginia Kearney 23 months ago from United States. Breathing, I am glad that this post helped you. I have many more articles about writing.

Please look at my How to Write a Cause Essay for introduction and conclusion ideas and Technology Topics for Research Essays for more topics. Sajib 23 months ago from holiday, Bangladesh. Thanks a lot for posting such a wonderful and helpful post! It will help us a lot who always look to create great casual analysis essays. Really you have some excellent and questions breathtaking ideas! These questions always come to essay holiday, our mind but very few us are able to find the answers. I hope you will also shed some light on the following issues: 1. A few similar questions on the technology niche. 2. A few exciting ideas about the body like the introductory and concluding ideas.

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essay on theodicy All of us struggle at one time or another in life with why evil happens to someone, either ourselves, our family, our friends, our nation, or perhaps some particularly disturbing instance in holiday, the news#151;a child raped, a school shooting, genocide in another country, a terrorist bombing. The following material is meant to give an overview of the discussion of this issue as it takes place in essay, several circles, especially that of the descriptive essay holiday celebration, Christian church. Three terms, the problem of evil, theodicy, and defense are important to our discussion. The first two are often used as synonyms, but strictly speaking the problem of evil is the larger issue of which theodicy is a subset because one can have a secular problem of evil. Evil is understood as a problem when we seek to explain why it exists ( Unde malum? ) and good a persuasive what its relationship is to the world as a whole. Essay Holiday Celebration. Indeed, something might be considered evil when it calls into question our basic trust in the order and structure of our world.

Peter Berger in particular has argued that explanations of good essay, evil are necessary for social structures to stay themselves against chaotic forces. It follows, then, that such an explanation has an essay celebration impact on the whole person. As David Blumenthal observes, a good theodicy is one that has three characteristics: [I]t should leave one with one#146;s sense of reality intact. (It tells the truth about reality.) [I]t should leave one empowered within the intellectual-moral system in which one lives. (Namely, it should not deny God#146;s basic power or goodness.) [I]t should be as intellectually coherent as possible. (It is an answer that is both coherent and 3 essay life-satisfying.) This is descriptive holiday celebration not to jean jacques suggest that every culture deals with evil in the same way. As Amlie Rorty notes, evil and holiday celebration its relationship to the world has been understood in the West in a number of ways, including the following: The Neo-platonic: Evil as the jean, privation or negation of the good or being, so that evil is only evil set against the greater good. Theodicy and coherentism: Evil can be understood as part of celebration, or in relationship to God#146;s larger plans for the cosmos. Question About Revolution. Manichaeanism: Good and evil are equal conflicting powers expressing their opposition in human history. Pious rationalism: Human reason cannot understand evil, but reason must postulate a God to explain human morality. Pious fidiesm: Human reason cannot understand evil, so a leap of faith is required to trust in God.

Pessimism: Evil is real, but the world does not make sense nor can it be understood. Essay Holiday. Non-existent: Evil does not actually exist; rather, human beings project their own subjective disapproval onto events and actions. Theodicy is a term that Leibniz coined from the richard, Greek words theos (God) and dike (righteous). A theodicy is an attempt to justify or defend God in the face of celebration, evil by answering the following problem, which in its most basic form involves these assumptions: God is all good and all powerful (and, therefore, all knowing). Essay. The universe/creation was made by God and/or exists in a contingent relationship to God. Evil exists in the world. Why? Notice what this problem suggests. It begins with the assumption that such a being as God will want to descriptive celebration eliminate evil. If God is richard 3 essay questions all good but not all powerful or knowing, then perhaps he doesn#146;t have the ability to intervene on every occasion.

Likewise, if God is descriptive all powerful and knowing but not all good, then perhaps he has a mean streak. Essay. If God is descriptive essay celebration somehow all these things, but the universe does not exist in a contingent relationship, then God has little to do with evil (even though God#146;s design can still be faulted). However, if God is both good and powerful, then why does evil exist? Now, this problem assumes several things. The first point implies that God is a personal being, though not all theodicists would agree. Likewise, the second point assumes that God interacts, or at least has interacted at some point, with the world.

And that we can recognize evil is in the world assumes that evil is something that can be rendered intelligible and, therefore, discussed. Evil is typically defined as any undesired state of affairs and on writing essay is generally considered to include both moral evil, acts done by humans, and natural evil, which includes pain and suffering that results from natural disasters, diseases, or genetic defects. As one can see this is an issue within and surrounding monotheism. Evil, its origin and descriptive essay purpose, takes on tuition assistance, a different meaning when seen from the perspective of a polytheistic, atheistic, or non-theistic belief system. A system in which there are multiple divine powers, no power, or some form of impersonal cosmic force (e.g Tao) will not conceive of the problem in this way. Evil can not only be conceived in metaphysical and religious terms as abomination, disobedience, malevolence, impurity, and dishonor (or alternately in some Eastern systems as illusion or imbalance), it can also be understood in essentially natural or secular terms as social vice, egoism, partiality, corruption, criminality, and sociopathology (cf. Descriptive Essay Celebration. Rorty). And many of jean jacques, these while not antithetical to a theistic belief system are not dependent upon one either.

As Forrest E. Baird points out, theodicts tend to address one of four audiences: Atheists/atheodicists who reject the existence of God or who charge believers in God with being irrational on the grounds that the above is illogical; moral atheists who find the holiday celebration, notion of God repugnant because of the tips on writing essay, amount of evil and suffering; theists who are troubled by descriptive essay celebration, the above; and sufferers of all kinds#151;atheists or theists. This is important to good tips essay keep in mind because theodicts and more general reflections and testimonies to the problem of evil are not necessarily addressing the same social and historical contexts. Within the Christian form of monotheism, additional resources involving the descriptive holiday, Trinity, especially Christ, can and do play a role in formulating a theodicy. And it should also be stressed that among theists there are additional points of debate, especially concerning the nature of God and free will. Often, the jacques rousseau, theist is asking questions of theodicy in order to better understand God and/or better understand the call to Christian conversion, while a debate between theists and atheists may be more concerned with the very tenability of God as a being considering the existence of evil. For the former, the problem takes an aporetic approach, teasing out the difficulties and going deeper into the resources of the faith (Adams and Adams 2). For the later, the essay holiday celebration, problem is tuition assistance one of challenge to God or challenge to self as to why such evils exist at all. A defense#146; differs from a theodicy in that rather than trying to provide an answer to all of the above, a defense seeks to show that theistic belief in God in the face of evil is rational . Strictly speaking, a logical defense is not making claims about how God actually works as much as showing that the atheistic charges can be meet. Essay Holiday. Having said this, the insights of the defenders and those of the theodicists often overlap, and the term theodicy is often used to describe defenses as well. Each of these problems could be said to have dual audiences#151;the various atheists who question the existence of God on their basis, and rousseau essay those believers who because of their belief wish to answer these questions as well.

The basic approaches to theodicy can be said to take three forms: logical/deductive, evidential/inductive, and existential. I. The Logical Problem of Evil: The logical problem of essay holiday, evil is a deductive one. Namely, given the above problem (God is loving, all powerful and all knowing, yet evil exists), is it rational to believe in company, the existence of God? The problem is an descriptive essay celebration old one expressed for different reasons in different contexts perhaps first by Epicurus, but clearly expanded upon by Lactantius, Marcion, Boethius, and Aquinas. The modern formulation of this problem by John Mackie is also very similar to David Hume#146;s eighteenth-century version. Mackie#146;s formulation of the problem looks like this: God exists, is all good, all knowing, and all powerful. Such a being has no limits to its ability. 3 Essay Questions. A good being will always eliminate all the evil that it can. Evil exists, so God must not. Theists will agree with the first two claims but call into question the third by qualifying it: A good being will always eliminate all the evil that it can unless it has good reason to allow that evil . Therefore, a modified version of Mackie#146;s argument looks like this: If God exists, then there is no evil, unless there is a reason that would justify Him in permitting it. Evil exists.

There is descriptive celebration no reason that would justify God to permit evil. So, God does not exist. The crux of the theistic response is to question about show that indeed God is indeed justified in permitting evil. II. The Evidential Problem of Evil: The evidential problem admits that God and the existence of evil are not logically incompatible, yet considers if the descriptive holiday celebration, amount or kinds of essay revolution, evil in the world count as probable evidence against the existence of descriptive holiday, God. This approach argues that the large amount of evil in the world and/or the existence of unjustified evil (variously called surd , superfluous, pointless, gratuitous) mitigate against a plausible belief in God because we assume God would not allow for the existence of evil that appears to essay question french revolution have no good purpose. The following are examples of these objections: It seems that God could have eliminated more evil in the world and still accomplished the divine purposes. An overwhelmingly large amount of the evil in the world does not seem to be connected to descriptive essay holiday the divine purposes. How are God#146;s purposes accomplished by jacques rousseau essay, the unfair distribution of evil?

Namely, some experience far more evil than others. Descriptive Essay Holiday Celebration. It seems unlikely that any divine goal could justify all of the evil as experienced by the world, in particular the most horrific evils. Is such a God who does things this way worthy of worship, and richard questions therefore, plausible? The crux of these arguments has been put forth by William Rowe. Rowe suggests that there are always events in which it is reasonable for us to assume that something doesn#146;t exist if we have no evidence of it existing. For example, the woman who searches her purse completely and can#146;t find her keys. Admittedly, there is always the possibility that her keys were simply overlooked (i.e. they do exist), but it is celebration highly unlikely. The theist tends to answer by stressing God#146;s infinite capacity as compared with human limitations.

We would expect with a being like God that there would be matters we do not understand. There are situations in which we can#146;t expect to be able to see what it is we#146;re looking for, such as most of tips a persuasive essay, us trying to solve a quantum physics problem. In the holiday celebration, same way, it cannot be shown conclusively that God would not have a purpose for allowing the kinds, distribution, and amount of evil found in the world.. III. The Existential Problem of Evil : As often called the religious, personal, or pastoral problem of evil, the jacques essay, existential problem is one that asks, Why my suffering and/or evil at this time in this way in this place? In one sense, all theodicy is practical, in that it takes places within a specific social and intellectual context amidst an environment that is often polemical and focused on descriptive, problem-solving, but the practical, existential theodicy is questions more concerned with providing answers for those who suffer in specific circumstances. Often, the existential problem turns from descriptive essay celebration, asking why God allow such-and-such an evil to what can humans made in the image of God do to alleviate or make manageable suffering and evil. Likewise, the focus turns more to how believers should respond to 3 essay questions God while suffering (i.e. faith, protest, mysticism, the sacraments and worship). Related Issues and Problems.

In addition, there are related problems and emphases within these three approaches. They include some of the descriptive essay celebration, following: I. Natural Evil : The problem of natural evil involves pain and company suffering that results from natural disasters, diseases, or genetic defects, including that of animal pain and suffering. Descriptive Essay Holiday Celebration. Like the problem of tuition, moral evil, the descriptive celebration, problem of natural evil examines whether the existence of essay question about french, natural evil is compatible with an all-perfect, all-knowing, loving, and powerful being. The following ten views are found among various Christian thinkers (Boyd 248ff.): Natural evil fulfills a higher divine purpose. Pain, suffering, and essay disorder in the natural world are ultimately part of a larger good plan of cosmic order. (Augustine) Natural evil is the result of human sin. God subjected or cursed the natural world to essay decay and descriptive holiday death because of human rebellion. In doing so, God brings about a world where we are no longer comfortable in our present moral autonomy from the Creator. Natural evil isn#146;t evil per se. It is simply a function of the world of time.

Only moral evil is truly evil. Natural evil is the inevitable by-product of God#146;s aim of developing souls with moral character. (Hick) There must exist between imperfect, immature humans and the perfect God an epistemic distance that makes our growth possible. As such, the world has an imperfect character. Natural evil is nature#146;s way of participating in the self-sacrificial life of God (Murphy Ellis). All of life has a kenotic or cruciform quality to it#151;some must give their lives that others might live. Natural evil exists because nature is tips a persuasive essay imperfect, having been created and being sustained by a God who limits himself to descriptive celebration persuasion (Process theology). In process thought, the world may resist God at every level , including the natural one. Natural evil results from the good tips on writing essay, potential hazards in a world that makes morally significant choices possible. We cannot conceive of a world which would allow for moral evil without natural evil because natural evil is part of an orderly system with consequences (Swinburne, Peterson).

Natural evil results from the random spontaneity that the holiday, natural world must have in order to be a changing system that is separate from God (Polkinghorne). Essays. Natural evil is the nothingness or non-being that results whenever God creates something and that continues to try and encroach on holiday, creation (Barth). Natural evil is the result of demonic forces who control matter in jean jacques rousseau, part and oppose God#146;s will for creation (Boyd). II. Evil and the Demonic: Given the essay holiday celebration, belief in supernatural powers among all three monotheistic faiths, what role does the demonic (and the angelic) have to do with evil? This question has been approached in four basic ways: The role of the demonic powers in temptation, oppression, and possession of individuals. What kind of power to control, hinder, or seduce do non-physical powers have over human beings?

The role of question about revolution, demonic powers in social and national evils. Is there a spiritual power behind large-scale social and national evils? The control of angelic or demonic powers over the natural world. Do such powers have any responsibility for descriptive holiday celebration animal pain or natural disasters? The moral logic of postulating the good on writing a persuasive, demonic to explain certain radical evils, such as serial killers or genocides. III.

The History of holiday celebration, Theodicy: Theodicy is a centuries old set of questions. Student Loan. Historical scholarship often looks at theodicy as a history of ideas and/or social ideologies. The history of the issue is important because the social and political and religious contexts that gave rise to reflection on the problem of evil differ from era to era. While various thinkers#146; reflections may be said to be semi-commensurable or, at least, analogous, one cannot set aside a historical sense of where various insights come from. The question is whether enough commensurability exists across periods and thinkers to celebration say that a tradition exists or that later theodicts are justified in tuition, borrowing earlier ideas. Some have gone so far as to suggest that theodicy is a modern problem, that earlier formulations while concerned with evil are in no way attempting to justify God, rather to argue for a specific God (Marcion), explain the role of wisdom (Boethius), or the purposes of conversion within a history of salvation (Augustine). A history of theodicy in Christian tradition would have to deal with the following: Iraneaus Lactantius Augustine Pseudo-Dionysius Augustine Anselm Thomas Aquinas The Mystics Luis de Molina Luther Calvin Malebranche Pierre Bayle Leibniz Hume Kant Schleiermacher Karl Barth Simone Weil: Alfred North Whitehead and Charles Hartshorne Dorothee Soelle Teihard de Chardin Jacques Maritain Austin Farrer. IV.

The Literature of Theodicy : Likewise, literature and the arts in general also deal with and interact with issues involving theodicy and evil. It can be asserted that literature surrounding the problem of evil offers a mixture of both universal application with particular dramatization of specific instances, fictional or non-fictional. For some literature, art, or aesthetics also offers models for how the problem of evil may be understood. Some works dealing with this problem include: Marlowe, Doctor Faustus Milton, Paradise Lost Pope, Essay on Man Voltaire, Candide Goethe, Faust Tennyson, In Memoriam Doestoevsky, The Brothers Karamazov T.S.

Eliot, Four Quartets Camus, The Plague Elie Weisel, Night Annie Dillard, Holy the Firm and descriptive essay celebration For the Time Being Walter Wangerin, The Book of Sorrows Mark Jarman, Questions for Ecclesiates and Unholy Sonnets. V. Theodicy and Scripture : The issues of God#146;s creation, evil, suffering, pain, oppression, etc. in essay questions, the scriptures play an important role in descriptive essay holiday, the formulation of ets issue, theodicies. A biblical response to this would need to account for some of the following: Old and New Testament concepts of sin and evil A discussion of the biblical Fall The biblical treatment of the angelic and demonic God's suffering in descriptive celebration, both testaments The role of personal, communal, and social evil Job God's judgment and mercy A biblical model of shame, dishonor, and impurity The work of the cross The large cosmic vision of the Bible--Creation, Fall, Redemption The Jewish tradition of protest in prayer. VI. Thesis Student Company. The Politics of Theodicy: What role do theodicies unwittingly have in the experience of oppression and suffering, as well as that of liberation, among various classes of people, especially that of political minorities or women? Why is there an imbalance in the experience of suffering and evil among classes, races, and descriptive essay even among individuals? It is possible, for jean jacques rousseau instance, that a theodicy by explaining the causes of evil and suffering may serve as a justification for both the powerful and the powerless (Berger 59). VII. The Experience of Suffering: Likewise, in essay, what way does the experience of suffering among peoples and individuals speak to issues of theodicy?

What does the bodily experience of essay, suffering have to celebration say about imagination, resistance, and/or psychological damage? How can God be encountered because of, in spite of, or in relationship to suffering? Is suffering ultimately mysterious? Can theodicies mistakenly remove a sense of empowerment and rage toward suffering? The experiences of women have been vital to ets issue questions understanding in this area. VIII. Horrific Evil : Sometimes called horrendous evil, this focuses on the most horrible and intense forms of evil#151;the Holocaust, child abuse and rape, extreme schizophrenia, torture, mass genocide, etc. Can God be said to be justified in allowing these? Should one even speak of justification before such atrocities? Likewise, what hope of restoration and healing can be given to descriptive essay holiday survivors?

What role do purity and defilement, honor and shame, and beauty and ugliness play in such matters? IX. The Judgment of God: Many theodicy discussions tend to 3 essay questions focus on innocent suffering and experiences of profound evil while ignoring the profound sinfulness embedded in individuals, in descriptive essay, ideas and belief systems, and in social structures. God acts to rousseau judge these#151;both in this life and in the next. Descriptive Essay. Thus, one has to ask the question as to whether a certain experience for an individual, group, or nation is a judgment upon their sin.

Alternately, one can take some comfort in thesis student company, knowing that the descriptive essay celebration, oppressor will be judged eventually by ets issue questions, God. Likewise, how can the present experience of evil be understood as a kind of essay holiday, battlefield in which God#146;s judgment upon sin and evil is even now being carried out? X. The Hiddenness of God: Why does God often seem not to openly, visibly respond to evil (or good) in an indisputable way? The divine hiddenness of God ( deus absconditus ) is sometimes considered a subset of theodicy because the way God responds or his refusal to respond is often felt to be part of the problem for thesis student loan company atheists and agnostics (as well as theists at times). Some have suggested that God acts this way in part to preserve a freedom of will#151;his continual revelation of his presence would be coercive.

XI. Metaphysical Evil: What exactly is evil in anyway? What is descriptive essay its origin and essence? One standard response is 3 essay that evil is the privation or negation of the good or being, so that evil only exists as the absence of the good. Evil is descriptive essay celebration a form of corruption, chaos, even literally nothing, a weakened or incomplete good.

Others suggest that evil must have some positive or actual existence because evil seems to act and about french revolution destroy in descriptive holiday, deliberate ways in the world. Classic and Contemporary Christian Responses. I. The Free Will Model: God wanted us to freely love him, which meant allowing for the possibility that we might choose against jean rousseau essay him. And we have--all of us since Adam and Eve. Free will provides a great good#151;self-determination--and carries with it significant responsibility, which is also a great good. This is especially true of relationships involving love: such must be entered into descriptive essay, freely. Evil is an unfortunate result of human free will. If God were to intervene at every point of our wrongdoing, our free will would be compromised. So evil in the world is not entirely God's fault; however, this position does not claim that God is not responsible in any way for evil. If you have the power to intervene and do not, that implies choices. II.

The Soul Making Model: We are incomplete souls in need of improvement and growth. Notice that this model also assumes free-will (Michael J. Murray calls the former consequent free will theodicies and soulmaking versions, antecedent condition free will theodicies.). Evil is a necessary condition for a world in richard questions, which we overcome obstacles and struggles in order to develop. Descriptive Essay Holiday Celebration. In fact, many higher-order goods (e.g. self-sacrifice, endurance, courage, compassion on the poor, etc.) are not possible unless we have to overcome evil. This model points out that God often allows the condition of suffering to improve us. We become purified through life's trials. Some versions of this suggest that our purification and growth will continue in the afterlife. III. The Possible Worlds/ Great Design Argument: This suggests that God designed the about french, world in such a way that it included the possibility of evil, but that if rightly perceived, we would understand that all of it works together for a greater good. This is a subset of the first two because both models assume a world in which moral action/ growth is both possible and meaningful.

Namely, a world with free will and celebration the possibility of soul making is a better world than one with only automatons. Essay Question About French Revolution. Some variations of this position, following Leibniz, argue that the present world is the best of all possible worlds. Others simply suggest that this is one of many possible good worlds. There are a number of approaches taken within this model. One approach is to stress the need for world that has regularity in it. There must be a cause and effect for our actions. Thus, evil can have both actual and possible justifications. Descriptive Essay Holiday Celebration. Actual evil has its purpose in student loan company, be necessary for some greater moral purpose, while possible evil warns us against the consequences of our actions (e.g. putting your finger in an electrical socket.) This raises a number of issues, including: Couldn#146;t God have created a world in which we are free and/or our souls improve and yet we always choose the descriptive essay holiday celebration, good?

Why can#146;t God intervene when evil is committed yet still maintain our freedom or soul improvement? Is human freedom really justified? Are we free enough for our moral choices to tuition essays be meaningful? Those who take the soulmaking or free-will position tend to respond by pointing out that it is impossible to actually imagine such a world, that free will makes no sense in a context where God is always intervening, and that significant freedom must have real consequences. A variation of the possible worlds model is put forth by Alvin Plantinga who suggests that God not only knows all things that will happen, but also all things that could happen, so God has middle knowledge , or knowledge of all possible decisions in all possible worlds.

Based on this knowledge, God chose one possible good world. Plantinga also suggests that something like transworld depravity may exist; namely, that in every world God could create that offers free-will, at least one person will choose evil. Descriptive. (Plantinga puts forth these ideas as part of his celebrated Free Will Defense.) IV. The Eschatological Hope: Granting all the above, God has also promised that such evil and suffering is only for jean rousseau a finite time in human history. God will bring an end to it all, and evil will be rightly answered by its destruction. Furthermore, the future hope that God offers will judge, compensate and/or at least put into perspective this present world#146;s evil.

Of course, this model raises the question as to descriptive essay holiday whether good can be said to actually balance off evil and suffering. This is alternately understood as either the good on writing, afterlife and/or the final state of all things. V. The Suffering of God Response: This response assures us that God has not abstracted himself from the human situation--that he, too, suffers with us. God weeps for Israel, the Holy Spirit grieves over sin, and holiday Christ suffered for us that we might have an example of how to undergo suffering. Tips A Persuasive Essay. Strictly speaking, this response isn#146;t about justifying why God allows evil, as much as affirming that God is descriptive involved in the problem . Some have suggested that God#146;s suffering teaches us to move from self-absorption to cooperation and compassion for others in their suffering.

In this view God#146;s own suffering absorbs our hostile self-absorption. Others have gone farther, arguing that God actually feels and experiences our suffering and, by doing so, honors us as the infinite God and that this honoring actually addresses our experience of evil and suffering by defeating it in our own lives. VI. A Theology of the Cross: Contained in each view of the suffering of God above is a suggestion that in some fundamental way the work of the cross is God#146;s answer (or one of his answers) to the problem of good tips on writing a persuasive, evil, even that the cross is the only justification God gives of his responsibility for the existence of evil. In this sense, the work of redemption transcends the role of Christ#146;s suffering, for the cross is atonement for, victory over, and judgment upon evil and descriptive essay sin. VII.

Faith and Trust: Sometimes called simple fideism#151;this position is one that seeks not to answer the question in any complex way but rather affirm basic Christian truths, such as God is ultimately good; God has everything under the divine control; God is to be trusted despite life#146;s trails and ets issue essay questions difficulities. VIII. Descriptive. A Theodicy of Protest: This position is one that complains to God, objecting that God could have and on the surface should have intervened in any number of horrific circumstances. The sheer weight of atrocity is often cited. Some versions of richard, this try to escape the classic problem by denying that God is descriptive essay holiday all-loving, or at least appears to be (cf. Assistance Essays. Roth and Blumenthal). But perhaps it would be better to understand this position as speaking from a wounded position. The believer says to descriptive celebration God, As best I can understand from my limited position you appear to have allowed horrible things to tuition assistance happen.

Why? Should you do such a thing? Then, rather than walk away in disgust or disbelief, the believer waits on God. Essay Celebration. This is an approach modeled for us in the Psalms. Believers protest from the ground of covenant#151;this is what God has promised us and who he is; therefore, should not God intervene? (i.e. Ps 44, 74, 88, 102, 142) This position at its best seeks to continue to affirm God#146;s mystery and goodness even amidst confusion and good on writing doubt. Likewise, this position holds it important to identify with the suffering of others, not to make light of descriptive essay holiday celebration, their pain by seeking easily to explain it. IX.

Disavowal of Theodicy: This position argues from thesis company, a number of different directions that the theodicy project is essay holiday celebration misfounded. Some suggest that theodical language tends to deny, trivialize, or downplay the suffering of others. Or theodicy is seen as a mistaken approach to the problem because it results in closing down what only God can truly answer. 3 Essay. For some theodicy, if done at all, must be done within the praxis of sufferers, while theoretical discussions are guilty of the above. X. Sapiential Theodicy: This practice explores the skeptical limitations of human understanding. Following the Hebraic stance of wisdom as dialectical, sapiential thought recognizes God is both the giver and taker of holiday, wisdom. Loan. Such a practice operates from a stance of stability but also practices openness, antithesis, playfulness, and analogy--all methods which call into essay holiday celebration, question the stable beginning place. The goal is both to see what can be known about the problem of evil, but also to recognize what cannot be known. The problem of richard 3 essay questions, evil becomes a puzzle that one explores in order to reach one's limits and, thus, respond to God in trust, awe, and fear. Sapiential Theodicy: This practice explores the skeptical limitations of human understanding.

Following the Hebraic stance of wisdom as dialectical, sapiential thought recognizes God is both the giver and taker of wisdom. Such a practice operates from essay holiday, a stance of stability but also practices openness, antithesis, playfulness, and analogy--all methods which call into question the stable beginning place. The goal is both to see what can be known about the problem of evil, but also to recognize what cannot be known. The problem of evil becomes a puzzle that one explores in order to reach one's limits and, thus, respond to God in on writing a persuasive essay, trust, awe, and fear. XI. Descriptive Holiday. Mystical Theodicy: Some in the Christian monastic traditions believe that one can experience Christ's own suffering in moments of spiritual awareness and that this awareness allows one to transcend one's own misery, thus answering the problem of evil not in a rational way but in a moment of company, intuitive apprehension that is experienced at a higher level. Another version of this holds that the Christian's suffering participates in some way in Christ's own anguish (cf. Col 1:24, also cf. Rom 6:1-14, Gal 6:14, Phil 3:10).

Simone Weil takes this even further, arguing that affliction is God's tight embrace as a Lover and that this mystical knowledge balances off the sufferer's experience of ruin. Adams, Marilyn McCord. Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God . Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1999. ____. Christ and Horrors: The Coherence of Christology . Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2006. Adams, Marilyn McCord and Robert Merrihew Adams. Introduction. The Problem of Evil. Ed. Marilyn McCord Adams and Robert Merrihew Adams. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1990.

1-24. Adams, Robert Merrihew . The Virtue of Faith and Other Essays in Philosophical Theology. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1987. Allen, Diogenes. Natural Evil and descriptive holiday the Love of God. Thesis Loan. The Problem of Evil. Ed. Marilyn McCord Adams and descriptive essay holiday Robert Merrihew Adams. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1990. 189-208. Allender, Dan and Tremper Longman III.

The Cry of the Soul: How Our Emotions Reveal Our Deepest Questions About God. Colorado Springs: NavPress, 1999. Alston, William P. Revolution. The Inductive Argument from Evil and the Human Cognitive Condition. The Evidential Argument from Evil. Ed.

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