Black like me analysis essay

bibliography Dissertation on New Woman Novelists (preliminary stage to like Ardis's later book, see Ardis 1990). Assumes an early beginning of the modernist era. Attempts a diachronic arrangement of literary works. Provides many textual references. Ardis, Ann. Molecular Research. 1990. New Women, New Novels: Feminism and Early Modernism . New Brunswick London: Rutgers UP.

Batchelor, John. 1986. The Edwardian Novel. London: Duckworth. Beauman, Nicola. 1983. A Very Great Profession: The Woman's Novel 1914-39 . London: Virago. Beetham, Margaret. Black Me Analysis. 1996.

A Magazine of Her Own?: Domesticity and Desire in essay gospel john, the Woman's Magazine, 1800-1914 . London New York: Routledge. Study on the development of (conservative) women's magazines in like me analysis essay, the time of 1880-1914. Boom in the 1990s: New Journalism . Of Ship Of Theseus. Change of images of women to a limited degree and in opposition to the New Woman : discussion of middle-class working women, modification of the image of the like me analysis housewife, division of the reading public into online creative writing sites, mothers , girls , fashionable women , women at home , ladies. Culture of advertisement. Beddoe, Deirdre.

1989. Black Me Analysis. Back to Home and Duty: Women Between the Wars, 1918-1939 . London etc.: Pandora. Study on for the breadwinner the situation of women between the wars. Key words: misogynist trends in society, female education as an enclave of emancipation, professions for women, health, leisure, reading, cinema, radio. Images of like essay Women, influence on women writers. Bjorhovde, Gerd. 1987. Rebellious Structures: Women Writers and the Crisis of the Novel 1880-1900 . Oslo: Norwegian UP. One of the questions for the breadwinner few books specifically focusing on interpreting fin-de-siècle highbrow texts by women. Textual material: four representative authors of the late 19th century - Olive Schreiner, Margaret Harkness, Sarah Grand and George Egerton.

Forerunners of modernism, prepared the grounds for modernist change in terms of content and form: Authors address matters of female concern gained importance in the public consciousness at the turn of the century and shortly before. Tension between positive and negative evaluation of the New Woman as an interesting topic to narrate. Foci of New Realisms: Scepticism, questioning of conventional values, transgression of black me analysis conventional Victorian conception of essays genre. 'Crisis' of the novel: Breaking of conventional structures of time, plot, content and style. Fragmentarization of plot, anachronisms, subjectivity, internal focalization, no explicit narrator. Bjorhovde provides very detailed analyses of texts. Bland, Lucy. 1995. Banishing the Beast: English Feminism and Sexual Morality, 1885-1914. Essay. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Bland's book is a comprehensive study on the subject of feminism and sexual morality around the turn of the (19th to 20th) century. Essays On Henry James. Her aim is to sketch the contemporary (and, at least from a 21st-century point of view, often problematical) feminist discourse in black me analysis essay, its interdependence with the restrictive cultural context of the essay questions for the time. The study therefore provides a wealth of biographical material. Part One: historical and scientific background of the topic (constructions of femininity in dominant patriarchal discourses such as medicine, religion, evolutionary theory and their feminist reception). Me Analysis. Parts Two and Three: discussion of the concrete practical difficulties in realising feminist sexual politics, focusing on the fields of prostitution, marriage, eugenics, sexology and alternative forms of sexual identity. Brokoph-Mauch, Gudrun. 1995. Salome and Ophelia: The Portrayal of Women in Art and molecular research, Literature at me analysis, the Turn of the Century. In: Christian Berg, Frank Durieux Geert Lernout, eds. The Turn of the Century: Modernism and Modernity in Literature and the Arts . Berlin New York: de Gruyter.

466-474. Burmeister, Tereza. 1994. In Search of the Lost Woman-Time: Cross-Biographical Studies on the Construction of (Post-)Modern Gender Identity. History of 14 chapter essay gospel john European Ideas 19: 837-844. Chinitz, David. 1997. 'Dance, Little Lady': Poets, Flappers, and the Gendering of Jazz. In: Lisa Rado, ed. Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach. New York London: Garland Publishing. Black Me Analysis. 319-335.

Feldman, Jessica. Online Creative. 1989. Gender on the Divide: The Dandy in essay, Modernist Literature. Ithaca London: Cornell UP. Felski, Rita. 1995. The Gender of Modernity . Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard UP.

Study on gender and modernity, proceeding from cultural theory and cultural history. Considers different discourses: philosophy, history, natural sciences, psychology, sexology, social history, conditions of publication. Focus on one author: Marie Corelli. Finney, Gail. 1989.

Women in Modern Drama: Freud, Feminism, and essay for the breadwinner, European Theatre at the Turn of the Century . Ithaca London: Cornell UP. Flint, Kate 1993. The Woman Reader, 1837-1914. Oxford: Oxford UP. Study on female identity and readership. Black Like Me Analysis Essay. Key words: motivation to articles read, responses to books, effects of reading on body and mind, reading in different contexts (e.g. advice manuals, periodical press, fictional reading, reading practices). Considers various discourses: chapter on medical, physiological and psychoanalytic theory. Provides information on the material read: helpful source for black me analysis essay, lesser known primary literature (novels and documentary texts). Gale, Maggie B. 1996. West End Women: Women and molecular, the London stage 1918-1962 . London New York: Routledge. Study on women and the theatre.

Describes the significant participation of black female authors in biology research, the theatrical world between 1918 and 1962. After winning the vote, women were on the advance in every sector. Me Analysis Essay. Gale addresses women questions, but not from a feminist theoretical background. Topics of interest: profession and family, working class women, mother role, relationship mother-daughter. Gardiner, Juliet, ed. 1993. Women's Voices 1880-1918: The New Woman. London: Collins Brown. Essay collection on literary representations of the New Woman. James. Analysis is not limited to the genre of the New Woman novel , covers a wide range of textual examples: poetry, drama, travel literature, letters and other cultural-historical documents. Deals with established and less established writers.

Hall, Lesley. A. 1991. Black. Hidden Anxieties: Male Sexuality 1900-1950. Of Theseus. Cambridge: Polity Press. Study on men and sexuality. Depicts different perspectives on how male sexuality is black me analysis essay constructed. Grounds on biographic material: letters to Marie Stopes written by different men as a response to Stopes's Married Love. Addresses male sexual inhibitions, problems and sexual enlightenment. Horn, Pamela. 1995.

Women in the 1920s. Stroud: Alan Sutton Publishing. Critical Essays James. Jeffreys, Sheila. 1985. The Spinster And Her Enemies: Feminism and sexuality 1880-1930 . London etc.: Pandora. Study on like me analysis the image of the spinster.

Pays critical attention to the so-called sexual liberation in modernism from a gender-oriented perspective. Main point: sexual liberation applied for critical on henry, men, could be counter-productive for women - negative effects on women: enormous pressure to do sexually well, blurred boundaries between sexual liberation (for men) and sexual obligation (for women). Ergo: diverse feminist reactions to sexual liberation: Purity Movement: postulated the spiritual nature of me analysis essay love, chastity as liberty (images of women: spinster , frigid women , lesbian ), Free Love: Sexuality increases in value, this became especially true for extra-marital love. Yet the problem of questions for the sexual obligation remained. Revolt against male harassment: prostitution, child abuse. Joannou, Maroula. Me Analysis. 1994. 'Nothing Is Impractible for a Single, Middle-Aged Woman with an Income of her Own': The Spinster in Women's Fiction of the 1920s.

In: Sybil Oldfield, ed. Of Theseus. This Working-Day World: Women's Lives and black like me analysis, Culture(s) in Britain 1914-1945 . Writing. London: Taylor Francis. 175-191. Paper on the 1920s image of the spinster in English culture and literature (May Sinclair, Katherine Mansfield, Ivy Compton-Burnett, Sylvia Townsend Warner, F.M. Mayor). Discusses fears of society's feminisations through the demographic 'redundancy' of women and contrasts these with the like me analysis actual economic and familial situation of the majority of English spinsters. Joannou, Maroula.

1995. 'Ladies, Please Don't Smash These Windows': Women's Writing, Feminist Consciousness and Social Change 1918-38 . Oxford Providence: Berg. Biology. Study on women writers between 1918 and like, 1938. Covers a wide spectrum of thesis activity female authors, some established and some less established. Less established writers: Vera Brittain, Leonora Eyles, Radclyffe Hall, Sylvia Townsend Warner, E.H. Young.

Established writers: Virginia Woolf, Dorothy Richardson, Elizabeth Bowen, Rosamond Lehmann, Rebecca West. Further textual material considered: Anti-fascist writings. Black Like Me Analysis. Study contains a detailed chapter on the image of the spinster and gives relevant textual examples. Kent, Susan. 1987.

Sex and Suffrage in Britain, 1860-1914. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP. Study on the role of online creative writing sites sexuality in first wave feminism and black me analysis essay, its ideological context. Foci: stereotypes of femininity (overview). Women's vote as a symbol of sexual liberation.

Further foci: sex war, prostitution, marriage, medicine, legislation. Laity, Cassandra. 1996. H.D. and the Victorian Fin de Siècle : Gender, Modernism, Decadence . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Ledger, Sally. 1997. The New Woman: Fiction and feminism at essay for the, the fin de siècle. Manchester New York: Manchester UP. Study on the New Woman: supplementary to Ardis (1990).

Complex and black essay, contradictory definition of New Woman: New Woman as a textual phenomenon in magazines and novels, as a trigger of activity controversial public debate. Detailed contextualization: women's liberation movement in its relation to like socialism, imperialism and the debate over 14 chapter essay, sexuality ( purity movement vs. decadence), theories on lesbian love, New Woman as a phenomenon of the black essay city. Classification of the New Woman novel in literary-historical terms: shows a multitude of literary forms, only partially to be classified as modernist. Melman, Billie. 1988.

Women and the Popular Imagination in the Twenties: Flappers and Nymphs . London: Macmillan. Study on images of women in the 1920s. Images dominating the public consciousness: flapper and surplus woman. Analysis of a very broad spectrum of 14 chapter essay gospel john popular literature (broad in terms of reception rather than sales figures). Key words: best-seller, serial fiction, book business and magazines.

Milgram Knapp, Shoshana. 1996. Revolutionary Androgynity in the Fiction of 'Victoria Cross'. In: Kaplan, Carola M. Anne B. Simpson, eds. Seeing Double: Revisioning Edwardian and Modernist Literature . New York: St. Martin's Press. 3-19. Miller, Jane Eldridge. 1994. Rebel Women: Feminism, Modernism and the Edwardian Novel . London: Virago. Study on the feminist movement in like, the context of the critical essays modernist era.

Revision of the literary canon: Provides a discussion of women's novels between 1900 and 1914, a period often neglected in literary criticism. Describes the transitional period of literary modernism: Thematic innovations and formal modification of black me analysis essay traditional narration. Attempts of independent female development and criticism of 14 chapter john women's role in society replace the traditional courtship plot. Critical reflection of marriage. Like Me Analysis. Discussion of (new) images of women. Genre: predominantly suffragette novels. Considers the director of ship of theseus socio-cultural context of the literary texts. Like. Ouditt, Sharon. 1994. Fighting Forces, Writing Women: Identity and Ideology in the First World War . London New York: Routledge. Study on women and World War I. Starts out focusing on a description of women at work (medical duty, agricultural work, work in munitions factories).

Continues to approach the topic by looking at different texts: magazines, autobiographies and 14 chapter gospel john, novels (partly popular literature). Like Me Analysis. Literature (fictional and non-fictional) is granted a major role in this context. Areas of discussion: images of women: stereotypical Red Cross Nurse (active role of hero, yet female) - the ordinary housewife at the home front as angel in the house in war literature. Critical reflection on the war and essay questions breadwinner, women's roles in me analysis, postwar fiction. Image of the mother as a preserver of life. Feminist pacifism. The shock experience of war and the temporary allocation of roles as a danger to thesis identity. Discussion of the influence of World War I on society and literature as part of modernism. Pumphrey, Martin. 1987.

The Flapper, the Housewife and the Making of Modernity. Cultural Studies 1.2: 179-194. Pykett, Lyn. 1992. The Improper Feminine. The Woman's Sensation Novel and the New Woman Writing. London: New York: Routledge. Study on femininity and women's writing. Genre: Sensational novel and New Woman novel between 1860 and 1900. Points to their subversive and emancipatory aspects. Canon-revisionary impact: Pykett stresses the black like importance of the sensational novel and the New Woman novel for literary history.

Forerunners of modernist authors such as Woolf and online writing, Richardson. Considers formal aspects of subversion: Sensational novel depicts female stereotypes, yet subverts them by introducing female protagonists deviating from traditional gender norms. New Woman novel subverts on the level of narration and plot: non-realistic, impressionist, episodic. Pykett's study is a source for less established primary literature. Pykett, Lyn. 1995. Black Me Analysis Essay. Engendering Fictions: The English Novel in the Early Twentieth Century . London etc.: Edward Arnold.

Study proceeds from literary history focusing on essay for the novels. Introduces established modernist writers on the basis of the gender crisis at the time (relatively selective). Deals with New Woman writing, psychological theories, Dora Marsden's The (New) Freewoman / The Egoist and the phenomenon of degeneration as a result of mass society. Defines literary modernism quite restrictively: modernism as a programme of literary aesthetics, experimentation and formation of a canon, period beginning in 1890. Provides critical discussion of me analysis essay arguments against a feminist revision of the modernist canon. Showalter, Elaine. 1990. Sexual Anarchy: Gender and critical essays, Culture at the Fin de Siècle. London: Bloomsbury. Study on black me analysis gender concepts at the fin de siècle . Breaking of on henry james traditional roles.

Key words: theories on sexuality, naming of homosexuality, multiple personalities (Jekyll/Hyde), reflection on black me analysis essay physicality in terms of dissecting bodies (Jack the Ripper), venereal diseases, aestheticization of sexuality, concepts of decadence, images of women (New Woman, surplus woman). Simpson, Anne B. 1996. Architects of the Erotic: H.G. Wells's 'New Women'. In: Kaplan, Carola M. Anne B. Online Creative Sites. Simpson, eds. Seeing Double: Revisioning Edwardian and Modernist Literature . New York: St.

Martin's Press. 39-55. Stern, Katherine. 1987. The War of the Sexes in British Fantasy of the black essay Suffragette Era. Critical Matrix 3.1: 78-109. Study dealing with differences of male and female utopian fiction.

Genre: drama and novel. Focus is on women's concerns: 'female' defence and 'male' rejection. White, Cynthia L. Critical Essays James. 1970. Women's Magazines 1693-1968 . London: Michael Joseph. Like Me Analysis Essay. A seminal account of the development of women's magazines. One of White's foci is the thesis activity literature published in these magazines. Pages 77-117 are of particular interest.

Chinitz, David. 1997. Dance, Little Lady': Poets, Flappers, and the Gendering of Jazz. In: Lisa Rado, ed. Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach. New York London: Garland Publishing. 319-335. Gitter, Elizabeth G. 1984.

The Power of black like essay Women's Hair in the Victorian Imagination. PMLA 99: 936-954. Analyses the significance of women's hair as fetish and instrument for hypnosis in the poetic and visual imagination of the Victorians. Essay Questions Breadwinner. Kaplan, Joel H. Sheila Stowell. 1994. Theatre and black me analysis, Fashion: Oscar Wilde to the Suffragettes . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Study on biology research the interrelationship of theatre and fashion: reciprocal influence. Function of showing fashionable women's clothes on stage: attracting and black like me analysis, stimulating for audience (except in performances of Ibsen or Shaw). Semantic function of dress: social status of a character and its alteration in the course of the for the play ( Pygmalion ; from flower girl to lady). Symbolization of stereotypes of femininity: Woman as sex object, New Woman and Suffragette emphasize masculine markers (e.g. boots, umbrella) and reject female markers (e.g. skirts, sashes, puffed sleeves) - this is true for the stage as well as social reality. Like Me Analysis Essay. Marvin, Carolyn.

1988. When Old Technologies Were New: Thinking about Electric Communication in the Late Nineteenth Century . New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cultural studies approach. Analyses technological innovations (the 'new media') of the late 19th century and their medial and communicative impact in Anglo-American culture. Ch. Essay Questions For The. 3: Focuses on the gender-specific functionalization of the me analysis body for promoting new electronic technologies. Essay Gospel John. Müller-Tamm, Pia Katharina Sykora, eds. 1999. Puppen. Körper. Automaten: Phantasmen der Moderne.

Kunstsammlung NRW, Düsseldorf: Oktagon. Me Analysis Essay. Collection of essays discussing modernist representations of the puppet, the 14 chapter essay gospel john body and the automaton. The book includes a picture catalogue with short explanatory texts. The ten essays go beyond the discourse of fine arts: they show different perspectives on the subject reflecting both the boundary position of the artificial human being between art and cultural history and its transformation within contemporary art. Reynolds, Dee A. 1997. Dancing Free: Women's Movement in Early Modern Dance. In: Rado, Lisa, ed. Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach . New York London: Garland Publishing. 247-279. Sennett, Richard. 1994.

Flesh and Stone: The Body and the City in Western Civilization . New York London: W.W. Norton. Like. Study on space and bodily experience. Key words: sensory perception, movements, analogies of city and body, allocation of meaning to certain areas (public, private etc.), historical change of cities, interior rooms, increasing dimension of the private in interior rooms. Whiteley, Nigel.

1997. Whitewash, Ripolin, Shop-Girls, and Matière : Modernist Design and Gender. In: Rado, Lisa, ed. Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach . Creative Writing Sites. New York London: Garland Publishing. 199-228. Bland, Lucy. 1995. Banishing the Beast: English Feminism and Sexual Morality, 1885-1914. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Bland's book is black like essay a comprehensive study on the subject of feminism and sexual morality around the turn of the (19th to 20th) century. Her aim is to gospel john sketch the contemporary (and, at least from a 21st-century point of me analysis essay view, often problematical) feminist discourse in its interdependence with the restrictive cultural context of the time.

The study therefore provides a wealth of biographical material. Part One: historical and scientific background of the topic (constructions of femininity in dominant patriarchal discourses such as medicine, religion, evolutionary theory and their feminist reception). Parts Two and molecular biology articles, Three: discussion of the concrete practical difficulties in realising feminist sexual politics, focusing on the fields of prostitution, marriage, eugenics, sexology and alternative forms of sexual identity. Castle, Terry. 1993. The Apparitional Lesbian: Female Homosexuality and Modern Culture. New York: Columbia UP. Felski, Rita. 1995. The Gender of Modernity . Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard UP.

Study on gender and like essay, modernity, proceeding from cultural theory and cultural history. Essay Gospel John. Considers different discourses: philosophy, history, natural sciences, psychology, sexology, social history, conditions of black like me analysis essay publication. Focus on one author: Marie Corelli. Gilman, Sander L. 1985. Difference and Pathology: Stereotypes of Sexuality, Race and Madness. Ithaca London: Cornell UP. Hall, Lesley. A. 1991. Hidden Anxieties: Male Sexuality 1900-1950. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Study on men and sexuality. Depicts different point of views on how male sexuality is constructed. Grounds on biographic material: letters to Marie Stopes written by critical essays on henry james, different men as a response to Stopes's Married Love. Addresses male sexual inhibitions, problems and sexual enlightenment. Jeffreys, Sheila. 1985. The Spinster And Her Enemies: Feminism and sexuality 1880-1930 . London etc.: Pandora.

Study on like essay the image of the essay john spinster. Pays critical attention to the so-called sexual liberation in modernism from a gender-oriented perspective. Main point: sexual liberation applied for men, could be counter-productive for women - negative effects on like me analysis women: enormous pressure to do sexually well, blurred boundaries between sexual liberation (for men) and sexual obligation (for women). Ergo: diverse feminist reactions to sexual liberation: Purity Movement: postulated the spiritual nature of love, chastity as liberty (images of women: spinster , frigid women , lesbian ), Free Love: Sexuality increases in value, this became especially true for online sites, extra-marital love. Black. Yet the problem of 14 chapter essay gospel sexual obligation remained. Revolt against male harassment: prostitution, child abuse. Kent, Susan. 1987. Sex and black like me analysis, Suffrage in Britain, 1860-1914. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP.

Study on the role of writing activity sexuality in first wave feminism and its ideological context. Foci: stereotypes of like me analysis essay femininity (overview). Women's vote as a symbol of sexual liberation. Further topics: sex war, prostitution, marriage, medicine, legislation. Ledger, Sally. 1997. The New Woman: Fiction and feminism at the fin de siècle.

Manchester New York: Manchester UP. (ch. 5 on lesbian identity) Study on the New Woman: supplementary to Ardis (1990). Complex and contradictory definition of New Woman: New Woman as a textual phenomenon in magazines and novels, as a trigger of controversial public debate. Of Theseus. Detailed contextualization: women's liberation movement in its relation to socialism, imperialism and the debate over sexuality ( purity movement vs. decadence), theories on lesbian love, New Woman as a phenomenon of the city. Classification of the New Woman novel in literary-historical terms: shows a multitude of literary forms, only partially to black me analysis essay be classified as modernist. Lucas, John.

1997. On Henry. The Radical Twenties: Aspects of Writing, Politics and Culture. Nottingham: Five Leaves. One field of black me analysis essay analysis are theories of sexuality and their portrayal in 1920s English literature (D.H. Lawrence, Joyce), the legal situation concerning homosexuality, psychology's impact on sexual 'liberation' and the attitude of the Bloomsbury Group towards sexuality. Mort, Frank.

1987 [2000]. Dangerous Sexualities: Medico-moral Politics in England since 1830. London: Routledge. Study on sexuality as represented in a medico-moral discourse. Discourse-theoretical approach. Depicts the interaction between morality and medicine in the field of sexuality.

Key words: Debate on social hygiene: purity vs. decadence. Sexuality in the context of the questions city. Moscucci, Ornella. Black Like. 1990. The Science of Woman: Gynaecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Comprehensive study on the conception of female sexuality, proceeding from cultural history.

Focus: 19th century. Important points: Historicity of gender and gynaecology, dependence on cultural context. Concepts of femininity in medical discourse. Gender difference explained physically and psychologically. Discussion of bisexuality and hermaphroditism. Further foci: Darwinism, environmentalism, degeneration, anthropology. Rado, Lisa. 2000. The Modern Androgyne Imagination. A Failed Sublime. Charlottesville and London: UP of Virginia.

Showalter, Elaine. 1990. Sexual Anarchy: Gender and Culture at the Fin de Siècle. London: Bloomsbury. Study on gender concepts at the fin de siècle . Breaking of traditional roles.

Key words: theories on sexuality, naming of essay homosexuality, multiple personalities (Jekyll/Hyde), reflection on physicality in like essay, terms of dissecting bodies (Jack the Ripper), venereal diseases, aestheticization of sexuality, concepts of decadence, images of sites women (New Woman, surplus woman). Like. Weeks, Jeffrey. 1985. Sexuality and its Discontents: Meanings, Myths Modern Sexualities . London: Routledge Kegan Paul. Study on the development of the scientific discourse on sexuality. References to critical james psychoanalysis, Darwinism and eugenics. A very useful collection of articles from the perspectives of natural science, social science and essay, the humanities which provides an overview on critical james the degeneration debate in the 19th and the early 20th centuries. Essay. The institutionalisation of the degeneration debate is reflected in the light of the discourses of writing medicine, anthropology, and like me analysis essay, the theatre.

Premises: degeneration as a counterpart to the nineteenth-century belief in progress; degeneration and regeneration as two poles of essay a rhetoric strategy and logical order - fact and fiction at the same time. Cf. Siegel for specific strategies of representation. Carpenter, Edward. [1889] 1903. Black Like Me Analysis. Die Civilisation, ihre Ursachen und ihre Heilung , transl. Karl Federn. Leipzig: Hermann Seemann Nachfolger. Online Writing Sites. [engl. Civilization: Its Cause and Cure ] Cultural criticism with a socialist orientation. Characterised by a harsh criticism of civilisation in me analysis, which cultural and bio-medical discourses intermingle: contemporary English civilisation as infectious disease either culminating in death following various stages of degeneration or culminating in social stagnation.

The socialist form of society as utopian potential. Thesis Activity. Dijkstra, Bram. 1986. Idols of Perversity: Fantasies of Feminine Evil in black me analysis essay, the Fin de siècle. New York, London: Oxford UP. Study on representations of femininity in the late 19th century, proceeding from art history. References to breadwinner literature and other cultural discourses of the time. Of particular interest in this context: motif of the self-sufficient Narcissa , a degenerate/deviant woman (due to her auto-eroticism) subverting the conventional image of like altruistic femininity. Reference to her criminal disposition (Lombroso), Narcissa as a potential danger to male identity in sexological theory (Moll, Feré, Krafft-Ebing).

Doyle, Laura. Biology. 1994. Bordering on the Body: The Radical Matrix of Modern Fiction and black like me analysis essay, Culture . New York Oxford: Oxford UP. Fuchs, Stefan F.-J. 1992. Dekadenz: Versuch zur ästhetischen Negativität im industriellen Zeitalter anhand von Texten aus dem französischen und englischen Fin de siècle. Heidelberg: Winter. Philosophically oriented dissertation on decadence. Rejects an historical approach to the literary texts of decadence, rather, uses them as a basis for historical and philosophical reflections on pre-modern developments in the 19th century. Crucial points: the critical essays james radically negative connotation of the term decadence, as opposed to its appropriation as a means to counter an black like essay optimistic bourgeois belief in progress. Greenslade, William.

1994. Degeneration, Culture and the Novel, 1880-1940. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Hurley, Kelly. 1996. The Gothic Body: Sexuality, materialism, and degeneration at the fin de siècle.

Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Kline, Salli J. 1992. The Degeneration of Women: Bram Stoker's 'Dracula' as Allegorical Criticism of the writing sites 'Fin de Siècle' . Rheinbach-Merzbach: CMZ-Verlag. Study of Bram Stoker's Dracula analysing the novel in relation to Nordau's cultural criticism and Lombroso's theory on atavism, degeneration, innate criminal disposition and 'moral insanity'. Main thesis: Stoker's novel shows a constant blotting out of the sensus literalis by a sensus allegoricus with the latter serving as an instrument of an ultra-conservative (also in terms of gender), reactionary polemic against ongoing changes of consciousness and social changes of the period. Link-Heer, Ursula. 1986. 'Le mal a marché trop vite.' Fortschritts- und Dekadenzbewußtsein im Spiegel des Nervositäts-Syndroms. In: Wolfgang Drost, ed.

Fortschrittsglaube und Dekadenzbewußtsein im Europa des 19. Jahrhunderts: Literatur - Kunst - Kulturgeschichte . Heidelberg: Winter. 45-67. Valuable historical overview on the cultural significance and medical diagnosis and treatment of nervous illnesses in essay, the 19th century. Main theses: a) these kinds of diseases have always been read as cultural pathologies, i.e. as symptoms of cultural crisis; b) there has been no clear-cut temporal succession of notions of progress and of decadence but both have always been closely interwoven. The study places degeneracy (nervous exhaustion) in the cultural context of the time, as one of the critical essays on henry james illnesses of the peripheral nervous system. Investigates modern nervousness as a syndrome and manner of self-description of an industrial culture striving after expansion and progress.

Considers psychiatric writings of the 19th century (Erb, Morel, Beard). Mehnert, Henning. 1986. Zur Bedeutung der Begriffe 'symbolisme', 'décadentisme' und 'dégénerescence' im 19. Jahrhundert. In: Wolfgang Drost, ed. Fortschrittsglaube und Dekadenzbewußtsein im Europa des 19. Jahrhunderts: Literatur - Kunst - Kulturgeschichte . Like Me Analysis Essay. Heidelberg: Winter. 75-84.

Study traces concepts of decadence back to Montaigne and Rousseau and analyses the later tendency to activity individualise and psychologize these notions (starting with Morel). Focus on Morel's prototypical study: the medico-psychiatric component of degeneration, which is also analysed in Magnan, Lombroso, Gobineau, Nordau and, as a literary premise, in Baudelaire and black like essay, Huysmans. On Henry James. Nordau, Max. Black Like. 1993. Degeneration . Lincoln, New York: University of Nebraska Press. [Original: Entartung , 2 vols. Berlin: Carl Duncker, 1892/93]. Study in two volumes by Max Nordau, a doctor and cultural theorist, first published in German, from 1895 onward also available in an English translation. A scandalous success at director of ship of theseus, the time, one of the best known works in the debate on degeneration. It is a poignant, and at times openly polemic attack against certain tendencies in the arts: Decadence, aestheticism, symbolism (among others) are classified as degenerate (in a physiological and mental sense). Nordau's argumentation is based on his medical knowledge and on the criminological theories of Lombroso.

Criticism of civilisation is expressed in the form of apocalyptic scenarios ('the dusk of nations') and, for black like, the first time, presented as a concern of doctors and, especially, psychiatrists. Critical Essays On Henry. Phenomena of degeneracy (intellectual, moral or physical) become the me analysis object of psycho-pathology. For Nordau, mysticism and egomania count as typical symptoms of the degenerate artist, for which he offers methods of diagnosis and even suggestions for therapy. Nordau's study is an attack in scientific disguise against intellectuals and is directed against personalities like Wagner, Nietzsche, Ibsen, Swinburne, Huysmans or Wilde. Pick, Daniel.

1989. Faces of Degeneration: A European Disorder, c. 1848-c. 1918 . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. A sociological study, well-documented and thoroughly researched. Provides important information on the concept of degeneration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Pick predominantly analyses scientific and pseudo-scientific documents of the creative time, but also considers literary examples.

Study covers texts from all over black like, Europe but lacks any explicit reflection on the interrelation between degeneration and research articles, gender. Pykett, Lyn. 1995. Engendering Fictions: The English Novel in the Twentieth Century . London, etc.: Edward Arnold. Feminist study on the interdependence between constructions of femininity and degeneration: The New Woman as cause and symptom of cultural degeneration and as 'cure for social evils'; like the homosexual, the New Woman is an example of the transgression of gender boundaries (illustrated also in exterior appearance: body and style); effects: pathological allocations of me analysis sexual excess, degeneration, denial of for the femininity. Urban mass culture and society as a product of feminisation. Feminism as a symptom of degeneration.

Emerging concepts of regeneration within the feminist debate. Rose, Jonathan. 1986. Like Essay. The Edwardian Temperament 1895-1919. Athens/Ohio, London: Ohio UP. Study on the change of values in the Edwardian period, proceeding from cultural and literary history (however, literary texts are generally only discussed on a surface level, and the category of gender is reflected in a rather uncritical manner, if at all). Aspects of interest: religious (and moral) crisis, the secularisation of spirituality and the emergence of writing sites surrogate religions, the 'quest for black me analysis essay, otherness', the idealisation of interpersonal relations and in director of ship, particular homoeroticism, the cult of vitality as a reaction to late Victorian decadence, the motif of the illegitimate child and the unmarried mother, the efficiency movement and eugenics, the Edwardian culture of leisure and fun. Essay. Schulte, Christoph.

1997. Psychopathologie des Fin de siècle : Max Nordau: Der Kulturkritiker, Arzt und Zionist. Frankfurt/M.: Fischer. Revised postdoctoral thesis based on the unpublished works of Nordau (mainly letters, researched for the first time). A comprehensive study, structured biographically. Theoretical approach: rejects deconstruction, favours Foucauldian discourse analysis.

Content: Analysis of the interconnected strands within intellectual history 1870 to 1920. Shows the lasting effects of scientific positivism on social theories, psychology and medicine as well as the transfer of psycho-pathological findings into director of ship, the field of black like civilisation and art criticism through terms like decadence and degeneration. Shaw, George Bernard. 1932 [1908]. The Sanity of questions for the breadwinner Art: An Exposure of the Current Nonsense about Artists Being Degenerate. In: Major Critical Essays . London: Constable.

281-332. Polemic response to Nordau's Degeneration from the perspective of the artist. Shaw refutes Nordau's arguments by showing up their inherent paradoxical and black like essay, unscientific nature and thus attacks Nordau at his weakest point, i.e. his attempt to legitimise his theories with the help of medical science. Siegel, Sandra. 1985. Literature and Degeneration: The Representation of 'Decadence'. In: Edward J. Chamberlain Sander L., Gilman, eds.

Degeneration: The Dark Side of Progress. New York: Columbia UP. 199-219. Trotter, David. Thesis Writing Activity. 1993. The English Novel in History . London, New York: Routledge. (ch.7) Short outline of the history of degeneration theory focusing on the origins of degeneration in the natural sciences and medicine, its Darwinist basis, the classification of degenerative symptoms, the emergence of like me analysis a discourse of degeneration in the cultural and literary theory of the late 19th century. Important points in the literary context of research articles degeneration: popularity of a 'plot of essay decline, of physical and moral exhaustion' in naturalistic fiction (also in so-called slum fiction). Degeneration as a topic in the new woman novel and likewise in critical essays on henry james, popular fiction. Bland, Lucy. 1995.

Banishing the Beast. Black Like Me Analysis Essay. English Feminism Sexual Morality. 1885-1914. London et. al: Penguin Books. Bland's book is a comprehensive study on the subject of feminism and sexual morality around the turn of the (19th to questions breadwinner 20th) century. Her aim is to sketch the contemporary (and, at least from a 21st-century point of view, often problematical) feminist discourse in its interdependence with the restrictive cultural context of the black like time.

The study therefore provides a wealth of biographical material. Part One: historical and scientific background of the topic (constructions of femininity in dominant patriarchal discourses such as medicine, religion, evolutionary theory and their feminist reception). Molecular Biology Research. Parts Two and like, Three: discussion of the concrete practical difficulties in realising feminist sexual politics, focusing on of ship the fields of prostitution, marriage, eugenics, sexology and alternative forms of sexual identity. DiQuinzio, Patrice Iris Marion Young, eds. 1997. Feminist Ethics and Social Policy . Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana UP. Essay. A slightly heterogeneous collection of essays focusing on examples of practised (feminist) morality.

Requires knowledge of the theoretical discussion. Provides articles on the following topics: politics, medicine, health system, military, immigrants, AIDS, pornography and abortion. Main focus: the critical essays on henry james situation in the United States. Dreitzel, H.P. 1972.

Die gesellschaftlichen Leiden und das Leiden an der Gesellschaft: Vorstudien zu einer Pathologie des Rollenverhaltens. Black Like Me Analysis Essay. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke. 14 Chapter Essay. A study on black like essay subjectively perceived marginality and its psycho-pathological and socio-pathological causes from the molecular biology research perspective of social psychology. Suggested approach: role theory. Of particular interest: Dreitzel's notion of 'Anomie' (= total lack or confusion of norms), which he derives from the history of sociology and supplements with his own concepts of interaction and role identity. Gilligan, Carol. 1982. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development . Cambridge, Mass. London: Harvard UP. Probably the most influential feminist study on the topic of morality.

Takes Lawrence Kohlberg's model of moral development as a starting point. Exposes Kohlberg's argumentation as male-centred. Modifies his theory with the black like me analysis essay help of object relations theory to account for research, gender differences. Gilligan's work is based on empirical studies. Black Essay. Her main thesis: due to 14 chapter john disposition and experiences of socialisation, men/boys tend to an ethic of justice whereas girls/women typically internalise an ethic of care . Gilman, Sander L. 1985. Black Me Analysis. Difference and Pathology: Stereotypes of Sexuality, Race and Madness. Ithaca London: Cornell UP. Hall, Lesley. A. Director. 1991. Hidden Anxieties: Male Sexuality 1900-1950. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Study on men and essay, sexuality. Depicts different point of views on how male sexuality is constructed. Grounds on biographic material: letters to Marie Stopes written by different men as a response to Stopes's Married Love. Addresses male sexual inhibitions, problems and sexual enlightenment. Harrison, Beverley Wildung. 1985.

Making the Connections: Essays in thesis, Feminist Social Ethics, ed. Carol S. Like Essay. Robb. Boston: Beacon Press. A collection of essays (written between 1972 and 1985) on the feminist discourse of ethics and Christianity. Approach: theologically oriented social history. Harrison's ethics is characterised as feminist socialist Christian in Robb's preface. Harrison sets a universalist Christian ethics against the ideas of Carol Gilligan.

Advocates an equality feminism pleading for 'objectivity' of the feminist perspective. Hekman, Susan J. 1995. Moral Voices, Moral Selves: Carol Gilligan and Feminist Moral Theory . Cambridge, Oxford: Polity Press. In-depth discussion of the work of Carol Gilligan offering various readings of her work. The study also provides a critical analysis of the meaning of morality in a poststructuralist context (Foucault, Lyotard et al.).

Documents a significant conceptual shift in the morality debate, which has lost theoretical impact through the influence of other academic disciplines. Hekman favours a gender-oriented reconceptualization of moral theory that would take its pluralistic approach from discourse analysis. Jakobsen, Janet R. 1998. Working Alliances and the Politics of essay gospel john Difference: Diversity and Feminist Ethics . Black. Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana UP. Study on feminist practices of alliance politics . Rejects notions of female unity as an axiomatic base. Discards the feminist difference hypothesis. Argument proceeds from postmodern theoretical debates: ethics as a field of complex negotiations; agency as a basis for alliance politics. Jeffreys, Sheila. 1985. The Spinster And Her Enemies: Feminism and Sexuality 1880-1930 . London etc.: Pandora. A very useful study which questions critically the general presumption of sexual liberation in the modernist period, a development which continues to be regarded as one of the most characteristic and influential within the modernist context.

Jeffreys shows that the emergence of sexology by no means meant that women experienced sexual liberation. Quite the opposite, according to writing sites Jeffreys, it helped to force women into male-dominated heterosexual patterns. Mort, Frank. 1987 [2000]. Dangerous Sexualities: Medico-moral Politics in England since 1830. London: Routledge. Study on black sexuality as represented in a medico-moral discourse. Discourse-theoretical approach.

Depicts the interaction between morality and james, medicine in the field of like me analysis essay sexuality. Key words: Debate on social hygiene: purity vs. decadence. Sexuality in the context of the city. Moscucci, Ornella. 1990. The Science of Woman: Gynaecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Comprehensive study on the conception of female sexuality, proceeding from cultural history. Focus: ed. century. Important points: Historicity of gender and gynaecology, dependence on cultural context.

Concepts of femininity in medical discourse. Gender difference explained physically and psychologically. Discussion of bisexuality and hermaphroditism. Further foci: Darwinism, environmentalism, degeneration, anthropology. Sites. Nunner-Winkler, Gertrud, ed. 1995.

Weibliche Moral: Die Kontroverse um eine geschlechtsspezifische Ethik . München: dtv. Essay collection which discusses critically and systematically Carol Gilligan's notion of a gender-specific morality (female ethics of like care vs. male ethics of justice ). Covers work by Butler, Gilligan, Harding, Habermas. Some of the articles were previously published. Singer, Mona. 1996. Weibliches Subjekt und Gastfreundschaft: Ende und Anfang einer Moral. Online Creative Sites. In: Ruthard Stäblein, ed. Moral: Erkundungen über einen strapazierten Begriff. Frankfurt/M.: Fischer. 118-139. Stäblein, Ruthard, ed.

1996. Moral: Erkundungen über einen strapazierten Begriff. Frankfurt/M.: Fischer. Relatively heterogeneous collection of essays, partly in form of interviews. Includes articles by Baudrillard and Blanchot. Points of interest: morality's myths of origin, gender difference and black like essay, morality (Nitzschke, Singer), Foucault's notion of morality.

Weeks, Jeffrey. 1985. Critical Essays On Henry James. Sexuality and its Discontents: Meanings, Myths Modern Sexualities . London: Routledge Kegan Paul. Study on the development of the scientific discourse on sexuality. References to psychoanalysis, Darwinism and eugenics. Bland, Lucy. 1995.

Banishing the Beast: English Feminism and like essay, Sexual Morality, 1885-1914. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Bland's book is a comprehensive study on thesis writing activity the subject of feminism and sexual morality around the turn of the (19th to 20th) century. Her aim is to sketch the black like contemporary (and, at least from a 21st-century point of view, often problematical) feminist discourse in its interdependence with the restrictive cultural context of the james time. The study therefore provides a wealth of biographical material. Part One: historical and scientific background of the black me analysis essay topic (constructions of femininity in essay questions for the, dominant patriarchal discourses such as medicine, religion, evolutionary theory and their feminist reception). Parts Two and Three: discussion of the concrete practical difficulties in realising feminist sexual politics, focusing on black like essay the fields of prostitution, marriage, eugenics, sexology and alternative forms of sexual identity. Byles, Joan Montgomery. 1985. Women's Experience of World War I: Suffragists, Pacifists and biology research, Poets. Women's Studies International Forum 8.5: 473-487.

Article on essay the suffrage movement in the context of World War I. Key words: division - militarist suffragettes vs. pacifist suffragettes. Example: conflict between Emmeline and Sylvia Pankhurst. Textual material: war poetry by women. Dyhouse, Carol. 1989.

Feminism and the Family in England 1880-1939 . London: Blackwell. Essays On Henry. Study on family and marriage from a woman-centred perspective. Textual material: basically (auto)biography, but also some novels. Felski, Rita. Black. 1995. The Gender of Modernity . Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard UP. Study on director of ship of theseus gender and modernity, proceeding from cultural theory and black, cultural history.. Considers different discourses: philosophy, history, natural sciences, psychology, sexology, social history, conditions of publication. Focus on one author: Marie Corelli.

Garner, Les. 1984. Stepping Stones to Women's Liberty: Feminist Ideas in the Women's Suffrage Movement 1900-1918. Creative Writing Sites. Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson UP. Kent, Susan. Black Like Essay. 1987. Sex and Suffrage in Britain, 1860-1914. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP.

Study on the role of sexuality in first wave feminism and its ideological context. Foci: stereotypes of essay questions femininity (overview). Women's vote as a symbol of sexual liberation. Further topics: sex war, prostitution, marriage, medicine, legislation. Like. Lyon, Janet. 1992. Militant Discourse, Strange Bedfellows: Suffragettes and Vorticists before the War. differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies 4.2: 100-133. Article on the suffrage movement and developments in art before World War I. Essay Breadwinner. Discusses analogies and interactions between militant suffragettes and black me analysis, radical artists of the avant-garde (e.g. vorticists, futurists). Key words: militancy, iconoclasms, feminist delimitation and self-marginalisation, polarizing tendencies and linguistic unambiguity in feminist pamphlets and manifestos.

Lyon, Janet. 1994/95. Women Demonstrating Modernism. Discourse 17.2: 6-25. Stowell, Sheila. 1992. A stage of their own: Feminist playwrights of the suffrage era . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Stowell, Sheila. 1996. Suffrage critics and political action: a feminist agenda. In: Michael R. Booth Joel H. Kaplan, eds. Critical James. The Edwardian Theatre: Essays on performance and the stage . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. 166-184.

Bjorhovde, Gerd. 1987. Black Me Analysis Essay. Rebellious Structures: Women Writers and the Crisis of the Novel 1880-1900 . Oslo: Norwegian UP. One of the few books specifically focusing on interpreting texts of thesis high literary One of the me analysis few books specifically focusing on 14 chapter essay gospel john interpreting fin-de-siècle highbrow texts by women. Textual material: four representative authors of the late 19th century - Olive Schreiner, Margaret Harkness, Sarah Grand and George Egerton. Forerunners of modernism, prepared the grounds for modernist change in terms of content and form: Authors address matters of female concern that emerged in the public consciousness at the turn of the century and shortly before.

Tension between positive and negative evaluation of the New Woman as an interesting topic to narrate. Foci of New Realisms: Scepticism, questioning of conventional values, transgression of conventional Victorian conception of genre. 'Crisis' of the novel: Breaking of conventional structures of time, plot, content and style. Fragmentarization of plot, anachronisms, subjectivity, internal focalization, no explicit narrator. Bjorhovde provides very detailed analyses of texts. Burke, Carolyn. 1984. Getting spliced: Modernism and Sexual Difference. American Quarterly 39.1: 98-121. Burmeister, Tereza. 1994.

In Search of the Lost Woman-Time: Cross-Biographical Studies on the Construction of black like essay (Post-)Modern Gender Identity. History of writing activity European Ideas 19: 837-844. DeKoven, Marianne. 1991. Rich and Strange: Gender, History, Modernism . Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP. Study on Gender, History and Modernism (DeKoven's periodization: 1890-1930). Based on Derrida's concept of two co-existing paradoxes ( sous-rature ). Main point: male and female authors are afraid of revolutionary literary changes for like me analysis essay, different reasons: on online creative sites the male side it is like me analysis essay fear of losing one's power position, on the female side it is fear of being punished. Textual material: analysis of canonized texts. Criticism: DeKoven's study is partially difficult to comprehend. Felski, Rita.

1995. The Gender of Modernity . Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard UP. Study on gender and modernity, proceeding from cultural theory and cultural history. Considers different discourses: philosophy, history, natural sciences, psychology, sexology, social history, conditions of of theseus publication. Focus on like me analysis one author: Marie Corelli. Friedman, Ellen G. Critical. Miriam Fuchs, eds. 1989. Breaking the like me analysis essay Sequence: Women's Experimental Fiction . Princeton, N.J.: Princeton UP. Gale, Maggie B. 1996. West End Women: Women and the London stage 1918-1962 . London New York: Routledge. Study on women and the theatre.

Describes the significant participation of female authors in the theatrical world between 1918 and 1962. After winning the vote, women were on the advance in every sector. Gale addresses women questions, but not from a feminist theoretical background. Topics of interest: profession and family, working class women, mother role, relationship mother-daughter. Gardiner, Juliet, ed. 1993. Women's Voices 1880-1918: The New Woman. London: Collins Brown. Essay collection on literary representations of the New Woman. Analysis is not limited to the genre of the essays on henry james New Woman novel , covers a wide range of textual examples: poetry, drama, travel literature, letters and me analysis essay, other cultural-historical documents.

Deals with established and less established writers. Gardner, Viv Susan Rutherford, eds. 1992. Thesis Writing. The New Woman And Her Sisters: Feminism And Theatre 1850-1914 . Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Gilbert, Sandra M. Susan Gubar, eds.

1986. The Female Imagination and the Modernist Aesthetic . New York etc.: Gordon Breach. Gilbert, Sandra M. Susan Gubar. 1988. No Man's Land: The Place of the Woman Writer in the Twentieth Century. Vol.

I: The War of the Words . New Haven: Yale UP. Gilbert, Sandra M. Susan Gubar. 1988. No Man's Land: The Place of the Woman Writer in black me analysis, the Twentieth Century. Vol. II: Sexchanges . New Haven: Yale UP.

Gilbert, Sandra M. Susan Gubar. 1988. No Man's Land: The Place of the Woman Writer in the Twentieth Century. Vol. III: Letters from the Front . New Haven: Yale UP. Griffin, Gabriele, Ed. 1994. Difference in View: Women and Modernism . Writing Sites. London: Taylor and Francis. Ingram, Angela Daphne Patai, eds. 1993. Rediscovering Forgotten Radicals: British Women Writers, 1889-1939 . Chapel Hill London: The University of North Carolina Press.

Essay collection on radical feminist socialist women writers between 1889 and 1939. Textual material: novels in general (special focus on popular literature by forgotten female authors), a multitude of biographical information, New Woman novel , Romance, Utopian fiction. Distinction between middle-class and working-class authors and readers. Topics of social criticism: birth control, marriage, alcoholism, venereal disease. Formal aspects: Modification of plot with feminist impact. Joannou, Maroula. 1995. 'Ladies, Please Don't Smash These Windows': Women's Writing, Feminist Consciousness and Social Change 1918-38 . Oxford Providence: Berg. Study on women writers between 1918 and 1938. Covers a wide spectrum of female authors, some established and some less established.

Less established writers: Vera Brittain, Leonora Eyles, Radclyffe Hall, Sylvia Townsend Warner, E.H. Young. Established writers: Virginia Woolf, Dorothy Richardson, Elizabeth Bowen, Rosamond Lehmann, Rebecca West. Further textual material considered: Anti-fascist writings. Study contains a detailed chapter on the image of the spinster and gives relevant textual examples. Light, Alison. 1991.

Forever England: Femininity, literature and conservatism between the like me analysis essay wars . London New York: Routledge. Laity, Cassandra. Essay John. 1996. H.D. and the Victorian Fin de Siècle : Gender, Modernism, Decadence . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Like Me Analysis. Liska, Vivian. 1995. Writing. From Topos to Trope: Feminist Revision of Modernism.

In: Christian Berg, Frank Durieux Geert Lernout, eds. Like Me Analysis. The Turn of the Century: Modernism and Modernity in director, Literature and the Arts . Berlin New York: de Gruyter. Like Me Analysis. 66-76. Miller, Jane Eldridge. 1994. Rebel Women: Feminism, Modernism and the Edwardian Novel . London: Virago. Study on the feminist movement in the context of the modernist era.

Revision of the literary canon: Provides a discussion of women's novels between 1900 and 1914, a period often neglected in literary criticism. Describes the transitional period of literary modernism: Thematic innovations and formal modification of traditional narration. Attempts of independent female development and criticism of women's role in society replace the traditional courtship plot. Critical reflection of marriage. Discussion of (new) images of critical essays on henry james women. Genre: predominantly suffragette novels.

Considers the essay socio-cultural context of the literary texts. Montefiore, Janet. 1996. Men and Women Writers of the essays james 1930s: The dangerous flood of history . London New York: Routledge. Black Like Me Analysis. Useful study on lesser known authors and texts. Textual material: works by left-wing women writers, antifascist texts, novels, autobiography and poetry. Pykett, Lyn. 1992. The Improper Feminine.

The Woman's Sensation Novel and the New Woman Writing. London: New York: Routledge. Study on femininity and women's writing. Genre: Sensational novel and New Woman novel between 1860 and 1900. Points to their subversive and emancipatory aspects. Canon-revisionary impact: Pykett stresses the importance of the sensational novel and molecular biology articles, the New Woman novel for literary history. Forerunners of modernist authors such as Woolf and like me analysis, Richardson. Research Articles. Considers formal aspects of subversion: Sensational novel depicts female stereotypes, yet subverts them by introducing female protagonists deviating from traditional gender norms.

New Woman novel subverts on the level of narration and plot: non-realistic, impressionist, episodic. Pykett's study is a source for less established primary literature. Pykett, Lyn. 1995. Engendering Fictions: The English Novel in the Early Twentieth Century . London etc.: Edward Arnold. Study proceeds from literary history focusing on novels. Introduces established modernist writers on essay the basis of the gender crisis at the time (relatively selective). Essay John. Deals with New Woman writing, psychological theories, Dora Marsden's The (New) Freewoman / The Egoist and the phenomenon of degeneration as a result of mass society. Defines literary modernism quite restrictively: modernism as a programme of literary aesthetics, experimentation and black like essay, formation of a canon, period beginning in 1890. Provides critical discussion of arguments against a feminist revision of the modernist canon.

Quinn, Patrick J., ed. 1996. Recharting the molecular research articles Thirties . Selinsgrove: Susquehanna UP. Essay collection on the effects of like me analysis essay World War I on society and particularly on literature. Considers neglected authors: Irene Rathbone, R.H. Mottram, but also Rosamond Lehmann and Elizabeth Bowen. Rado, Lisa, ed. 1994. Rereading Modernism: New Directions in Feminist Criticism . New York London: Garland.

Feminist collection of molecular biology essays on modernism. Essays address the following topics: Dorothy Richardson as a modernist, Rebecca West as a critic, Left Bank Women and lesbian life, the like me analysis work of Sylvia Townsend-Warner, women's magazines, Wyndham Lewis's Tarr (as a misogynous text). Of particular importance is Felski's article on the term 'modernism' (see above Felski 1994). Schabert, Ina. 1997.

Englische Literaturgeschichte: Eine Darstellung aus der Sicht der Geschlechterforschung . Stuttgart: Kröner. Srebrnik, Patricia. Molecular Biology Research Articles. 1994. The re-subjection of 'Lucas Malet': Charles Kingsley's daughter and the response to muscular Christianity. In: Donald E. Hall, ed. Black Essay. Muscular Christianity: Embodying the Victorian Age . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Research Articles. 194-214. Canon-revisionary article on Lucas Malet (pseudonym of Charles Kingsley's daughter). Questions traditional concepts of masculinity in Malet's Novels.

Stowell, Sheila. 1992. A stage of their own: Feminist playwrights of the suffrage era . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Stowell, Sheila. 1996. Black Me Analysis Essay. Suffrage critics and political action: a feminist agenda.

In: Michael R. Booth Joel H. Kaplan, eds. The Edwardian Theatre: Essays on online sites performance and the stage . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. 166-184. Waters, Chris. 1993. New Women and Socialist-Feminist Fiction: The Novels of Isabella Ford and Katherine Bruce Glasier. In: Angela Ingram Daphne Patai, eds. Rediscovering Forgotten Radicals: British Women Writers, 1889-1939 . Chapel Hill London: The University of North Carolina Press. 25-42.

Altick's seminal account of the like essay development of the reading culture in England from the 15th to the early 20th century. Especially his chapter on Periodicals and Newspapers 1851-1900 (chapter 15) is important for an understanding of the background of publication practices in the modernist period. Benstock, Shari. 1986. Women of the Left Bank: Paris, 1900-1940 . Biology Research Articles. London: Virago. Black Me Analysis. An important study on women writers of the Left Bank in general. Of special interest is essay gospel john chapter 10: At the Sign of the Printing Press: The Role of Small Presses and black me analysis essay, Little Magazines. Unfortunately Benstock remains on a biographical and anecdotal level, introducing editors, publishers and contributors.

She says very little about the actual contributions. Beetham, Margaret. 1996. A Magazine of Her Own?: Domesticity and Desire in the Woman's Magazine, 1800-1914 . London New York: Routledge. It is Parts III and IV (New Woman, New Journalism, the 1880s and 1890s, The reinvention of the director of theseus domestic English woman: into the twentieth century) that are of particular interest. Essay. Beetham concentrates on magazines that offer alternative and reactionary discourses on women to molecular articles the innovative trends of the time. She also comments on the literature that appeared in these magazines and me analysis essay, its function. She thus offers an important view of this area of essay gospel public culture that many of the modernist women reacted against. Black. Dennison, Sally. 1984. [Alternative] Literary Publishing: Five Modern Histories . Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. Dennison demonstrates how all sorts of non-commercial publishing - from self-publishing to small presses, university press publishing, little magazine publishing, publishing through a bookstore, and publishing through patrons - helped to further modernist literature and to make it accessible to a wider audience.

In most cases such alternative publishing was the questions breadwinner only means for young authors to get their works published at all. Dennison uses Eliot, Joyce, Woolf, Nin, and Nabokov as examples. Black Me Analysis Essay. What she fails to notice is that alternative publishing can have commerical interests, too (see Rainey 1989, 1997, 1998). Dettmar, Kevin J.H. Stephen Watt, eds. 1996. Marketing Modernism: Self-Promotion, Canonization, Rereading . Ann Arbor: University of essays on henry james Michingan Press. An important essay collection by like essay, young American scholars presenting a new perspective on and evaluation of modernist literature. They distance themselves from the traditional view of modernism as an awe-inspiring solitary fortress against a growing mass culture by writing activity, showing that it was clearly rooted within commodity culture, too.

Today it is difficult to imagine that some senior scholars refused to contribute to this collection because they considered it inappropriate to me analysis discuss financial interests and commodity culture in connection with modernist literature. Of particular interest are the introduction and the essays by Diepeveen, Materer, and essays on henry, Murphy (see the respective entries). Eliot, Simon. Essay. 1994. Some Patterns and Trends in British Publishing, 1800-1919 . London: The Bibliographical Society. A statistical survey of book and magazine publications in the period of 1800-1919. The data is covered in six sections: Section A The Annual Pattern of Publication; Section B The Monthly Pattern of Publication 1800-1919; Section C Subject Publishing; Section D Price Structure; Section E Periodical Publication; Section F The Background. Unfortunately Eliot focuses mainly on the 19th century.

He has nothing to biology research articles say on the magazine and newspaper market in the 20th century, for example, so that his survey is only of very limited value for the modernist period. Black Me Analysis. Feather, John. 1988. A History of British Publishing . London: Croom Helm. Feather offers important background information about the development of the publishing trade in Britain. Although he only focuses on essay questions for the breadwinner commercial publishing the essay study offers some useful background information about the 14 chapter book market in general. Black Me Analysis Essay. Of particular interest is Part IV: The Trade in the Twentieth Century in which Feather uses Stanley Unwin, Victor Gollancz and Allen Lane as examplary publishers. Garrity, Jane. 1999. 'Selling Culture to the Civilized': Bloomsbury, British Vogue , and the Marketing of biology research articles National Identity. Modernism/modernity 6.2: 29-58. Garrity shows that the connection between commodity culture and 'high culture' was much closer than has been previously thought by demonstrating how readily the various members of the Bloomsbury group published in Vogue . Hanscombe, Gillian and Virginia L. Smyers.

1987. Writing for their Lives: The Modernist Women 1910-1940 . London: The Women's Press. Hanscombe and black like, Smyers's seminal study on modernist women writers, editors and director, publishers. Me Analysis Essay. Of special interest for modernist publication practices in general are Chapter 12 'The public is a stupid beast. ' Book publishing I and Chapter 13 'There is a climax in gospel john, sensibility' Book publishing II in which they particularly stress the close connection between little magazines and the book market. They argue that in most cases of experimental writing only publication in little magazines made a later book publication possible. Black Like. Jensen, Robert. 1994. Marketing Modernism in Fin-de-Siècle Century Europe . Princeton: Princeton UP. Jensen does not deal with modernist literature but with art.

It is nevertheless an essay questions breadwinner interesting study to compare developments in the art world (especially the marketing of avant-garde artists) and the book market. Kaufmann, Michael. 1998. A Modernism of One's Own: Virginia Woolf's TLS Reviews and Eliotic Modernism. In: Beth Carol Rosenberg Jeanne Dubino, eds. Virginia Woolf and the Essay . New York: St Martin's Press. 137-155. Black Like Me Analysis Essay. Kaufmann shows how the place of publication can be indicative of an author's conception of literature and her or his readership by writing sites, comparing Virginia Woolf's and T.S.

Eliot's essays. He argues that Woolf's reviews in the TLS address a much more 'common reader' than Eliot's essays in ephemeral and elitist little magazines such as The Egoist and The Little Review . Keating, Peter. 1989. The Haunted Study: A Social History of the English Novel 1875-1914 . London: Secker Warburg. A seminal social historical account of the development of the contemporary bookmarket. Keating shows what influence the conditions and changes in the bookmarket had on writers. Leavis, Q.D.

1932. Fiction and the Reading Public . Like Essay. London: Chatto Windus. Leavis's still interesting study of British reading habits in the 1920s. It is not only an important document because of the online writing sites empirical data she offers but also as a New Critical position taking within the intellectual and me analysis essay, literary field of the early 1930s. Lee, Hermione. 1998. 'Crimes of Criticism': Virginia Woolf and Literary Journalism. In: Jeremy Treglown Bridget Bennett, eds.

Grub Street and the Ivory Tower: Literary Journalism and Literary Scholarship from Fielding to the Internet . Oxford: Clarendon Press. 112-134. Of Ship. Lee not only gives an overview of Virginia Woolf's journalistic work but also shows how she used journals and literary and little magazines in black like me analysis, order to molecular research advertise her own and her friends' work as well as the Hogarth Press. McDonald, Peter D. 1997. British Literary Culture and Publishing Practice 1880-1914 . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Unfortunately a misleading title. McDonald does not analyse the publication system in like me analysis essay, the age of transition but rather in online creative writing, late Victorianism. He hardly pays any attention to the authors of the 1890s. His case studies focus rather on Joseph Conrad, Arnold Bennett, and Arthur Conan Doyle without making clear why he chose these authors.

Ohmann, Richard. 1996. Selling Culture: Magazines, Markets, and Class at the Turn of the black me analysis essay Century . Writing. New York: Verso. Rainey, Lawrence. Black Like Me Analysis. 1998.

Institutions of Modernism: Literary Editors and Public Culture . New Haven: Yale UP. A seminal contribution to the argument that the alleged gap between modernism and public (or even mass) culture was not as great as the modernists claimed themselves. As example cases Rainey uses the publication history of Pound, H.D., Joyce's Ulysses and Eliot's The Waste Land. One rather irritating 'flaw' of this otherwise important study is Rainey's discussion of H.D. Here he leaves his seemingly disinterested position and tries to show that H.D.'s recanonisation by feminist critics was a mistake since H.D.'s work does not deserve it at all (a judgement of the value of an author he does not give with respect to any of the male authors!). Wexler, Joyce Piell. 1997. Who Paid for Modernism? Art, Money, and biology articles, the Fiction of Conrad, Joyce, And Lawrence . Fayetteville: The University of Arkansas Press. Using the careers of like Conrad, Joyce and Lawrence as examples Wexler demonstrates that the modernist artists' image as oppositions to financially oriented bourgeois artists is a myth and that authors made use of this myth to further their success. She also shows that in modernism the writer's position became particularly complicated because s/he was wedged between the Romantic ideal of the genius who shows no interest in his or her market value and an interest in acknowledgement (because no recognition at questions for the, all is still regarded as a sign of failure) and being able to live on one's writing.

White, Cynthia L. 1970. Women's Magazines 1693-1968 . London: Michael Joseph. A seminal account of the development of women's magazines. Like Essay. One of White's foci is the literature published in these magazines. Pages 77-117 are of particular interest.

Willison, Ian, Warwick Gould and Warren Chernaik, eds. 1996. Modernist Writers and critical essays on henry james, the Marketplace . Like Me Analysis Essay. Basingstoke London: Macmillan. 14 Chapter. An essay collection that deals with the conditions of publication for modernist writers, focusing on the publication histories of individual (canonised) authors (James, Yeats, Conrad, Lawrence, Woolf, Eliot, Pound, Lewis). Only Edward Bishops essay on little magazines (see above) offers a more general overview on avant-garde publication practices. 291 (1915-1916, American magazine) The (New) Adelphi (1923-1955) Art and essay, Letters (1917-1920) Blue Review (1913) Broom (1921-1924, American magazine) The Calendar of Modern Letters (1925-1927) The Chapbook (1919-1925) The Criterion (1922-1939) The Dial (1880-1929, American magazine; especially the era of Scofield Thayer's and Marianne Moore's editorship 1920-1929) The Egoist (1914-1919) The Enemy (1927-1929) (New) English Review (1908-1937) The (New) Freewoman (1911-1914) The Golden Hind (1922-1924) Life and on henry james, Letters (1923-1924) Life and Letters later Life and black like essay, Letters Today (1928-1950) The Little Review (1914-1929, American magazine) The London Aphrodite (1928-1929) The London Mercury (1919-1939) The Masses (1911-1917, American magazine) New Age (1894-1938; especially the years of A.R.

Orage's editorship, 1908-1922) The New Coterie (1925-1927) The New Masses (1926-. American magazine) Others (1915-1919, American Magazine) Open Window (1910-1911) (New) Oxford Outlook (1919-1932) Oxford Broom (1923) The Palatine Review (1916-1917) Poetry (1912-present, American magazine; especially the phase of Harriet Monroe's editorship, 1912-1935) Poetry and Drama (1913-1914) The Poetry Review (1912-present) The Scottish Chapbook (1922-1923) Secession (1922-1924; exile-American magazine published in various European cities) Time and Tide (1920-1979) [in its first phase 1920-1928 it was a little magazine] Transatlantic Review (1924-1925) transition (1927-1938, published in critical james, France and Holland) The Tyro (1921-1922) Wheels: An Anthology of Verse (1916-1921) One of the first overviews of British and American modernist little magazines and one of the bases for Hoffman, Allen and Ulrich's (1946) bibliography. Allen especially stresses the importance of black like essay little magazines as almost the writing sites only medium of publication for experimental young authors. Anderson, Margaret. [1930] 1971. My Thirty Years' War . Westport: Greenwood Press.

Margaret Anderson's famous autobiography in which she not only describes her unconventional life but also the black essay development of The Little Review under her editorship. This is, of course, a very subjective account, but it nevertheless contains important information for any study on little magazines. Anonymous. 1941. Little Mags, What Now?.

The New Republic 104.13: 424. A state-of-the-art article on little magazines. Of Ship Of Theseus. The author discusses the development of a little-magazine culture in America from the 1920s to essay the late 1930s and argues for a revival of thesis writing little magazines in a 1920s fashion in order offer new authors a forum for publication. Baker, Denys Val, ed. 1943. Little Reviews Anthology . London: Allen Unwin.

An anthology of what Baker himself calls the best writing which has appeared in the little reviews and literary magazines of Britain since the outbreak of war (v). His introduction offers some theoretical reflections on little magazines. Interesting is his choice of little magazines from which he takes the black like essay stories and poems: The Bell , Horizon , Indian Writing , New Writing , Oasis , Opus , Our Time , Now , Poetry (London), Poetry Quarterly , Poetry Review , The Bell , New Vision , Wind and questions for the breadwinner, the Rain , Oasis , Opus , Scythe (formerly Townsman ), and Seven . Barash, Carol. 1987. Dora Marsden's Feminism, the Freewoman , and the Gender Politics of me analysis Early Modernism. Princeton University Library Chronicle 49.1: 31-56.

One of the first essays on the development of The (New) Freewoman / Egoist from a feminist to a literary little magazine. Thesis Activity. Barash presents this development as the story of Pound's take-over. This assessment has changed, though (see especially Clarke 1996; Ferrall 1992a; Morrisson 1997, 2001; Thacker 1993). Bennett, David. 1989. Periodical Fragments and Organic Culture: Modernism, the me analysis Avant-Garde, and the Little Magazine. Contemporary Literature 30: 480-502. The author sees in little magazines an critical example for a distinction between avant-garde and modernism as proposed by like, Peter Bürger (1974).

Publications in online creative writing, the ephemeral medium of little magazines are still part of an avant-garde culture, but they become modernist texts by being published in book form. Black Like Me Analysis. This distinction has been convincingly questioned by Bishop (1996) and Rainey (1998). Benstock, Shari Bernard Benstock. 1991. The Role of Little Magazines in the Emergence of writing Modernism. Library Chronicle of the University of Texas 20: 68-87. An important overview of the copies of (American) little magazines at black me analysis, the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas, Austin.

Unfortunately the authors remain on a merely biographical level. The editors of the little magazines and their aesthetic ideas are introduced. Benstock and Benstock say very little about the essays james exact content of these magazines. van den Berg, Hubert Ralf Grüttemeier, eds. Essay. 1998. Manifeste: Intentionalität (Avant Garde Critical Studies 11). Amsterdam Atlanta: Rodopi. A rather heterogeneous essay collection on literary manifestos (mainly European modernist ones). Theoretically the authors base their contributions on the intentionality debate (Eco, Searle, Fish, Knapp Michaels, Hirsch).

The authors' claim that a manifesto is necessarily intentional and that its authors' intentions can be gauged from it is quite problematic. Of particular interest are the contributions by Wolfgang Asholt (on intentional strategies in thesis writing activity, futurist, dadaist and surrealist manifestos) and by Martin A. Kayman (on Pound and imagism). Bishop, Edward. 1996. Re:Covering Modernism - Format and Function in the Little Magazines. In: Willison, Gould and Chernaik, eds. 287-319. An important overview of little magazines from the 1890s to the 1920s.

Bishop pays special attention to the connection between visual and typographical design and the literary contents of these magazines. He sees the different magazine as a representation of the increasing institutionalisation of modernism (in this he argues against Bennett's (1989) postulation that little magazines represent the avant-garde and not modernism). Like Essay. Bishop covers The Yellow Book , The Savoy , The Dial , The Little Review , Poetry , The Egoist , Blast , and Criterion . Bloomfield, B.C. 1976. An Author Index to essays on henry Selected British Little Magazines 1930-1939 . London: Manssell. An additional (but by far not as comprehensive) reference to Sader, ed. (1976). Black Like Essay. Bradbury, Malcolm. 1958.

The English Review . Essay Breadwinner. London Magazine 5: 46-57. One of the first accounts of essay The English Review with a special focus on the period of Ford Madox Ford's editorship. Director Of Ship. Bradbury stresses that this was one of the few Edwardian magazines where new and experimental could publish alongside more traditional ones. Bradbury, Malcolm. Black. 1961. The Calendar of Modern Letters : A Review in Retrospect.

London Magazine n.s. Essay For The Breadwinner. 1.7: 37-47. Bradbury's attempt to revaluate The Calendar of Modern Letters as an important literary-critical review alongside The Criterion and The Adelphi . He points out that the Calendar served as model for F.R. Leavis's Scrutiny (a series of critical articles in black like, the Calendar , called Scrutinies actually gave Leavis's magazine its name). Unfortunately the Calendar 's importance is still not recognised today. Critical Essays. Bradbury, Malcolm.

1971. The Social Context of black essay Modern English Literature . Oxford: Blackwell. Bradbury, Malcolm. 1976. London 1890-1920. In: Malcolm Bradbury James McFarlane, eds. Modernism 1890-1930 . Harmondsworth: Penguin. 172-190.

This chapter is online writing of interest because Bradbury introduces some of the important contemporary British little magazines such as Rhythm / The Blue Review , The Poetry Review , a Poetry and Drama , The (New) Freewoman / The Egoist , and Blast . Bradbury, Malcolm. 1995. The Criterion. A Literary Review in Retrospect. The London Magazine 5.2: 41-54. Bradbury, Malcolm. 1999.

Modernism and the Magazines. In: Heinz Antor and Kevin L. Cope, eds. Transcultural Encounters - Studies in English Literatures . Heidelberg: Winter. 187-313. A survey of little magazines which mainly remains on a positivist level, listing names of magazines, editors, and contributors. Bradbury demonstrates the interconnection of the development of modernism and of little magazine. He manages to black me analysis give an idea of the diversity of magazines, but because he covers so many he does not have much space for activity, detailed discussions of specific examples. Bradbury, Malcolm James McFarlane.

1976. Black Me Analysis. Movements, Magazines and Manifestos: The Succession from Naturalism. In: Malcolm Bradbury James McFarlane, eds. Modernism 1890-1930 . Writing. Harmondsworth: Penguin. 192-205.

The authors show how much the various European modernist movements (especially Imagism, Vorticism, Futurism, Surrealism, Expressionism, and Dadaism) depended on little magazines as an outlet. Casford, E. Leonore. 1929. The Magazines of the 1890's: A Chapter in the History of like essay English Periodicals; Being a Critical Study of The Albemarle, The Yellow Book, and The Savoy, with a Brief Description of Other Literary Magazines of the 1890's (Language and Literature Series 1). Writing. Eugene: University of Oregon Press. An important overview of little magazines of the 1890s which shows how early the black me analysis essay concept of little magazines received literary critical attention. Apart from The Albemarle , The Yellow Book and The Savoy Casford also discusses The Anti-Philistine , The Butterfly , The Dome , Hobby Horse , The Pageant and The Quarto . Online Creative Writing. Clarke, Bruce. Black Me Analysis Essay. 1985. Dora Marsden's Egoism and questions breadwinner, Modernist Letters: West, Weaver, Joyce, Pound, Lawrence, Williams, Eliot.

Works and Days 2.2: 27-47. An early version of parts of his seminal study on Dora Marsden (1996). Clarke, Bruce. 1992. Dora Marsden and Ezra Pound: The New Freewoman and 'The Serious Artist'. Contemporary Literature 33.1: 91-112. An early version of parts of black like me analysis essay his seminal study on Dora Marsden (1996). Clarke, Bruce. 1996.

Dora Marsden and Early Modernism: Gender, Individualism, Science . Activity. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. An important revaluation of Dora Marsden's role in the cultural field at the beginning of the 20th century. Like. Clarke argues that Marsden's intellectual development from suffragism to biology articles egoism mirrors in a nutshell the direction literature took at the time (a turn from personal politics to an individualistic literary practice, 1). He provides a detailed account of Marsden's philosophical, political and essay, literary influences. Essays On Henry. Other than Barash (1987) Clarke sees Marsden's change of name of her little magazine from The (New) Freewoman to The Egoist as a voluntary one. Black Like. He thus reduces the influence Pound allegedly had on her (see also Barash 1989; Ferrall 1992a; Morrisson 1997, 2001; Thacker 1993). Clooney, J.P. 1938. Among the Magazines. The Phoenix 1.2: 134-150.

A very critical review of on henry a number of literary magazines of the time with quite different literary and political positions ( The Townsman , Purpose , Life and Letters Today , Poetry , The Examiner ). Interesting as a document of how little magazines were received and discussed in the contemporary literary field. Diepeveen, Leonard. 1996. Black Like. 'I Can Have More Than Enough Power to Satisfy Me': T.S. Eliot's Construction of His Audience. In: Kevin J.H. Dettmar Stephen Watt, eds.

Marketing Modernism: Self-Promotion, Canonization, Rereading . Ann Arbor: University of Michingan Press. 37-60. An interesting discussion of how Eliot created his own elitist audience through his essays. Diepeveen shows the writing importance the ephemeral form of publication of little magazines had in this. Eliot argued that only in these smaller but literary more 'elitist' media of publication could he find what he termed the qualified reader Eliot explicitly differentiated himself from editors of larger - and thus to his mind more commercial - magazines such as The London Mercury (see also Kaufmann 1998 on the difference between Eliot's and Virginia Woolf's conceptions of their readership). Dupee, F.W. 1938. British Periodicals.

Partisan Review 5: 45-48. A very critical review of like British little magazines. Dupee criticises their apolitical stance (which is not surprising considering the political position of the Partisan Review ) and at the same time stresses their ideological heterogeneity. He also finds fault with the - to his mind - poor literary quality. He discusses The Criterion , Scrutiny , Purpose , Arena , Colosseum , Left Review , Life and Letters Today , and essay questions for the breadwinner, New Verse . Eliot, Thomas S. 1926. The Idea of me analysis essay a Literary Review. The New Criterion 4: 1-6.

Eliot's own outline of an ideal little or literary magazine. It not only offers a contemporary perspective on little magazines but also reveals important information about his own conception of literature. Creative Writing Sites. Emmart, A.D. 1923. The Limitations of American Magazines. Modern Quarterly 1.3: 17-26. A very conservative critique of American little magazines and the literature published in black like me analysis, them.

He particularly finds fault with an alleged lack of moral and critical essays james, too much experimentation in the field of black psychological realism. Emmart is especially critical of The Dial and The Little Review . Ferrall, Charles. 1992a. Suffragists, Egoists, and the Politics of Early Modernism. English Studies in Canada 18.4: 433-446. Ferrall tries to show that Pound's 'take-over' of the New Freewoman and the change of name into The Egoist was not just an appropriation of essays james a feminist magazine through 'phallocratic' and misogynist men but that this change reflects Marsden's development, too. He examines her turn from suffragism to a Nietzschean and Stirnerian egoism and points out some analogies between her political and philosophical writings and that of the imagists, especially Pound (see also Barash 1989; Clarke 1996; Morrisson 1997, 2001; Thacker 1993). Ferrall, Charles. 1992b. Like Me Analysis Essay. The New Age and the Emergence of Reactionary Modernism Before the Great War.

Modern Fiction Studies 38: 653-667. Thesis. Ferrall counters the black like essay notion that the New Age was one of the central magazines in propagating modernism in essay john, general. In contrast to Martin (1967) he argues that A.R. Orage, the editor at the time only supported politically reactionary authors such as Ezra Pound and like me analysis, Wyndham Lewis and thus contributed to the development of a 'reactionary modernism' only. Fletcher, John Gould. 1934. The Little Reviews: Yesterday and To-Day. Online Creative. Space 1.8: 84-86. An contemporary account of American little magazines (1914-1929). Fletcher observes a tendency towards a proletarisation and a decentralization of American literature and culture through these new little magazines (85). He does, however, acknowledge that some of the new authors would have had no other possibility of publication.

Garner, Les. 1990. A Brave and Beautiful Spirit: Dora Marsden 1882-1960 . Aldershot: Avebury. The first book-length biography of Marsden. An attempt at a revaluation of Marsden's role in the suffragette movement and in modernism.

At times a little too subjective and black essay, anecdotal. Of special interest are chapters 4 The Freewoman , 1911-1912; 5 The New Freewoman , June-December 1913; 6 The Egoist , January 1914-December 1919. Görtschacher, Wolfgang. 1993. Little Magazine Profiles: The Little Magazines in of theseus, Great Britain 1939-1993. Salzburg: Salzburg University. Although Görtschacher focuses on little magazines of the second half of the 20th century his comments on the nature of essay little magazines in general are quite useful. What he offers is a descriptive discussion of various magazines and their editors (sometimes with interviews). It is a little odd, though, that he restricts the term 'little magazine' to poetry magazines only; his typology of little magazines is thus not very convincing.

Graham, Walter. 1930. English Literary Periodicals . New York: Thomas Nelson. A very early survey of British periodical culture from the 18th century to the 1920s. He only briefly touches on little magazines, though. Essay John. Of particular interest in this respect are Chapter 9 The Later Reviews and the Fortnightly , Chapter 11 The weekly journal of belles-lettres , and Chapter 12 (in which he discusses among other magazines The (New) Adelphi , The Athenaeum , The Criterion , The English Review , Life and Letters The London Mercury , and the TLS ). Grant, Joy.

1967. Harold Monro and the Poetry Bookshop . London: Routledge Kegan Paul. A biography of one of the lesser known editors of little magazines ( The Poetry Review , Poetry and Drama , The Chapbook ) and a discussion of his own poetry. Hamilton, Ian. 1976. Black Like Essay. The Little Magazines: A Study of questions for the breadwinner Six Editors . London: Weidenfels and Nicolson. A much quoted study in which Hamilton focuses on an anecdotal and biographical account of The Little Review , Poetry , The Criterion , New Verse , The Partisan Review , and Horizon . Hamilton's ironical comments on contributions that he regards as inferior can be quite irritating. One severe disadvantage is that he neither gives any bibliographical information about the quotations he uses nor offers a bibliography. Hanscombe, Gillian and Virginia L. Smyers. 1987. Writing for like me analysis essay, their Lives: The Modernist Women 1910-1940 . London: The Women's Press.

Hanscombe and Smyers's seminal study on modernist women writers, editors and publishers. Of particular interest for little magazines are Chapter 10 'The stand of the individual against immensities. ' - Periodical publishing I and Chapter 11: 'Life for Art's sake. ' - Periodical publishing II in which they discuss the role of women in little-magazine publishing. Magazines they cover include The (New) Freewoman / The Egoist (here they hold the early feminist opinion that Pound forced Marsden into a change of name and james, conception of her magazine, cf. Barash), The Little Review , The Dial , Poetry , Contact , The Transatlantic Review , The Quarter , Close-up , and transitions . Hayman, Ronald. 1975. Like Me Analysis. The Calendar of writing Modern Letters. New Review 1: 14-19.

Heyl, Lawrence. 1940. Little Magazines. Black Like Me Analysis. The Princeton University Library Chronicle 2.1: 21-6. An early attempt at a definition and description of (American) little magazines.

Interesting as a historical document. Hoffman, Frederick J. 1943. The Little Magazines: Portrait of an Age. The Saturday Review of Literature 26.52: 3-5. 14 Chapter Essay Gospel John. One of the first overviews of British and American modernist little magazines and one of the bases for Hoffman, Allen and Ulrich's (1946) bibliography. Me Analysis Essay. Allen especially stresses the importance of little magazines as almost the only medium of publication for experimental young authors. Hoffman, Frederick J., Charles Allen and Carolyn F. Ulrich. On Henry James. 1946. Me Analysis. The Little Magazine: A History and a Bibliography . Online Writing Sites. Princeton: Princeton UP. Still the authoritative annotated bibliography of British and American little magazines.

The introductory chapters are also of interest. Hoffman, Allen, and Ulrich even attempt a typology of little magazines, but mostly they remain on a positivist and anecdotal level listing dates of me analysis publication, names of editors and contributors, etc. Homberger, Eric. 1976. Chicago and New York: Two Versions of American Modernism. In: Malcolm Bradbury James McFarlane, eds. Modernism 1890-1930 . Harmondsworth: Penguin. 151-161. Only of marginal interest for little magazines, but at least Homberger mentions the great influence of activity little magazines on the New York literary scene (e.g. The Liberator , Smart Set , Others , Glebe , Seven Arts , New Republic , The Freeman , Nation , Masses , The Little Review , The Dail ). Howarth, Herbert.

T.S. Eliot's Criterion : The Editor and His Contributors. Comparative Literature 2: 97-110. Johnson, Abby Arthur. 1973/74. The Politics of a Literary Magazine: A Study of The Poetry Review , 1912-1972. Journal of Modern Literature 3: 951-964. Joost, Nicholas. 1967. Years of Transition: The Dial 1912-1920 . Barre, Mass.: Barre Publishers. Like Essay. A detailed study of the development of The Dial from a rather conventional (literary) magazine to a platform for experimental literature under Scofield Thayer and director, Sibley Watson.

Joost, however, argues that the me analysis essay literature that appeared in the Dial has been overestimated and that more radical magazines such as The Little Review did much more to further modernist writings. Joost, Nicholas Alvin Sullivan. 1970. D.H. Lawrence and essays on henry james, 'The Dial'. Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois UP. A detailed account of Lawrence's involvement with The Dial in the course of his career. A bit too anecdotal at times, but still readable. Kadlec, David. Black Essay. 1993.

Pound, Blast , and Syndicalism. English Literary History 60.4: 1015-1031. Kadlec argues that the design of BLAST was informed by the development of syndicalist miner's actions in Wales under Tom Mann before WW I. According to him not only the magazine's name is indebted to james the worker's movement but also its visual aggressiveness and aesthetic militancy. He also attributes Pound's radical aesthetics in this period to his interest in syndicalism (introduced to him mainly via A.R. Orage's The New Age ). Kenner, Hugh. 1971. The Pound Era . Berkeley: University of California Press. Kenner's book is interesting as an account of Pound's involvement with The New Freewoman / The Egoist - especially if you compare it with more recent studies of this little magazine. It is amazing how Kenner manages to leave out Dora Marsden's entirely! Knight, Melinda. 1996.

Little Magazines and the Emergence of Modernism in black me analysis, the Fin de Siècle . American Periodicals 6: 29-45. Knight convincingly demonstrates that little-magazine culture in America did not begin in 1912 with the appearance of creative writing sites Poetry , The Poetry Journal , The Smart Set and The Masses , but much earlier with fin-de-siècle magazines such as The Chap-Book , M'lle New York , The Fly Leaf , The Lark , The Philistine and others. She argues for a revaluation of these magazines' influence in the development of modernism. Lewis, Wyndham. 1927. Editorial notes: Art and 'Radical' Doctrines. Black Me Analysis Essay. The Enemy 2: xxiii-xxviii. Lewis's own 'position taking' in the literary field.

His editorial mainly consists of a biting critique of transitions and essay questions for the breadwinner, Gertrude Stein's - to his mind - negative influence on it. Black Essay. Implicitly, of course, this is molecular biology research indicative of his own conception of literature and little magazines. Lidderdale, Jane Mary Nicholson. 1970. Dear Miss Weaver: Harriet Shaw Weaver, 1876-1961 . London: Faber Faber. A still seminal biography of Harriet Shaw Weaver with a special focus on her role as Joyce's patron. But Lidderdale and me analysis essay, Nicholson also touch upon her role as editor of The Egoist and publisher of The Egoist Press. Little Magazine. 1997.

Britannica CD: Version 97 . Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. A valuable first source of information on little magazines providing a definition, a list of the most prominent British and American little magazines, and a classification into different periods. MacKendrick, Louis K. 1972. Critical On Henry. New Freewoman : A Short Story of Literary Journalism. English Literature in Transition 15.3: 180-187. MacKendrick, Louis K.. 1975. T.S. Eliot and the Egoist : The Critical Preparation.

Dalhousie Review 55: 140-154. Like Me Analysis. MacShane, Frank. 1961. The English Review . Online Writing. South Atlantic Quarterly 60: 311-320. Marek, Jayne E. 1995. Women Editing Modernism: Little Magazines and Literary History . Lexington: The UP of Kentucky. A very important feminist contribution to the history of little magazines. Marek tries to show that in the function of publishers and editors more women were involved in the development of modernism than traditional accounts convey. Me Analysis Essay. The question, however, remains why there were not more women contributors (especially in online creative writing, a British context). With the exception of Bryher, Marek focuses on American women editors and publishers (Harriet Monroe, Alice Corbin Henderson, Margaret Anderson, Jane Heap, Bryher, Marianne Moore) and has an additional chapter on Ezra Pound's role in little magazine culture.

Marek concentrates on the editors' own writings in their magazines and their personal contacts. Black Like Essay. She says hardly anything about the set-up of particular issues or the norms and activity, values conveyed in other contributions. Marks, Peter. 1997. Illusion and black essay, Reality: the Spectre of Socialist Realism in Thirties Literature Williams, Keith Steven Matthews, eds.

Rewriting the Thirties: Modernism and After . London New York: Longman. 23-36. In his essay on British literature of the 1930s Marks also discusses the role of little magazines. He distinguishes between left-wing magazines that explicitly engage in the relationship between literature and politics (such as The Left Review , New Signatures , The Adelphi , and Cambridge Left ) and those magazines that are their unpolitical or conservative ( New Verse , The Criterion , Scrutiny ). Interesting for an analysis of the development of little magazine culture. Martin, Peter A. 1977. The Short Story in England: 1930s Fiction Magazines. Writing Activity. Studies in Short Fiction 14: 233-240. An account of the role of little magazines ( New Writing , New Stories , Lovat Dickson's Magazine , Penguin Parade ) in the development of prose writing - especially the like me analysis essay short story - in the 1930s. Martin, Wallace. Online Creative Writing. 1967.

The New Age Under Orage: Chapters in like me analysis essay, English Cultural History . Manchester: Manchester UP. One of the first studies on the role of the New Age in the modernist period. Questions. Martin is a little too enthusiastic in black me analysis, portraying The New Age as a platform for innovative and thesis, experimental authors alongside BLAST and The Egoist (see for me analysis, example Ferrall 1992b for essay gospel, a more critical evaluation of the magazine). Masteller, Richard N. 1997. Using Brancusi: Three Writers, Three Magazines, Three Versions of Modernism. American Art 11.1: 47-66. Materer, Timothy. 1996. Make It Sell! Ezra Pound Advertises Modernism. In: Kevin J.H.

Dettmar Stephen Watt, eds. Marketing Modernism: Self-Promotion, Canonization, Rereading . Ann Arbor: University of Michingan Press. 17-36. Materer shows how Pound took over advertising schemes from commodity culture in order to make Imagism and Vorticism popular. He thus discloses the black me analysis allegedly unbridgeable gap between the avant-garde and consumer culture as a mere modernist self-stylisation. He demonstrates how Pound used little magazines such as The Egoist , The Little Review and BLAST for his purpose and how these magazines themselves adopted methods from commodity culture advertising. Morrisson, Mark S. 1996. The Myth of the Whole: Ford's English Review , The Mercure de France and Early British Modernism. ELH 63: 513-533. Thesis Writing Activity. Morrisson argues that Ford turned to like me analysis France, i.e. the Mercure de France in his outline of The English Review because he saw no English equivalent that could bridge the gap between 'high' literary standards and a broad audience.

He wanted neither a typical coterie magazine nor one of the typical mass papers such as the Daily Mail . Morrisson, Mark S. 1997. Thesis. Marketing British Modernism: The Egoist and Counter-Public Spheres. Twentieth Century Literature 43.4: 439-469. Like. An analysis of the development from The Freewoman as a suffragist magazine to The Egoist as a magazine of the literary avant-garde. Morrisson shows that this change not only had an influence on the readership of the magazine but on advertisers as well. He argues that The Egoist folded up because in essays on henry james, contrast to The Freewoman it failed to address a homogeneous audience (see also Barash 1989; Clarke 1996; Ferrall 1992a; Morrisson 2001; Thacker 1993). Like. Morrisson, Mark S. 2001. The Public Faces of Modernism: Little Magazines, Audiences, and Reception 1905-1920 . Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press. A seminal study of little magazines. Morrisson not only gives the typical account of little magazines' central role in the development of modernism but also analyses their relationship to what he calls the 'public sphere'. He thereby manages to demonstrate convincingly that the critical essays alleged gap between mass culture and the avant-garde is not as great as has been posited.

He focuses on four British ( The English Review , Poetry and Drama , The Egoist , Blast ) and two American ( The Little Review , The Masses ) magazines (see also Barash 1989; Clarke 1996; Ferrall 1992a; Morrisson 1997; Thacker 1993). Munson, Gorham. 1937. How to Run a Little Magazine. The Saturday Review of Literature 15.22: 3-4, 14, 16-17. A contemporary discussion of little magazine culture. Munson interestingly already claims to have noticed a decline of and black like essay, loss of interest in little magazines as compared with the writing 1920s. Me Analysis. Murphy, Michael. 1996. 'One Hundred Per Cent Bohemia': Pop Decadence and the Aestheticization of Commodity in the Rise of the Slicks. In: Kevin J.H.

Dettmar Stephen Watt, eds. Marketing Modernism: Self-Promotion, Canonization, Rereading . Ann Arbor: University of Michingan Press. 61-89. Murphy demonstrates that the connection between commodity culture and avant-garde culture was much closer than has been previously thought. He uses Vanity Fair to show how quickly commodity culture picked up some of the features of the avant-garde. Not only did modernist authors publish in thesis activity, magazines such as Vanity Fair but also the advertisements in these magazines show clear influences of modernist art.

Nelson, Cary. 1989. Repression and Recovery: Modern American Poetry and the Politics of Cultural Memory, 1910-1945 . Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. In his study on American poetry of the first half of the me analysis 20th century Nelson also briefly discusses the role little magazines (including left-wing magazines and magazines of the Harlem Renaissance) played in the publication and, ultimately, canonization of some of the best known authors. Gospel John. He also provides an impressive variety of illustrations from little magazines. Nelson's canon debate originates in a Marxist rather than a gender-oriented position, but he discusses some lesser-known women authors, too. One great disadvantage is the structure of the book: Nelson deliberately designed it as one long essay without chapter divisions so that the reader is left with the detective work of deducing from the black like implicit information given in the course of the study what organisational principle underlies the questions study. Pollack, Felix. 1976. Elitism and the Littleness of Little Magazines. Southwestern Review 61: 297-303.

Pound, Ezra. 1930. Small Magazines. The English Journal 19.9: 689-704. Pound's own position on the role and functions of little magazines. He discusses almost exclusively the magazines he was involved with (and, of course, he is very critical of those he has left, such as Poetry ). He covers Poetry , The Egoist , The English Review, The Little Review , The Dial , and briefly The Criterion , transatlantic review , and transition . Rainey, Lawrence. 1989. Black Like Me Analysis Essay. The price of modernism: reconsidering the publication of The Waste Land . Critical Quarterly 31.4: 21-47. Rainey's seminal first contribution to director of theseus the discussion of modernism's economic interests. He demonstrates that the question of where to publish The Waste Land was guided by financial interests. Eliot ultimately chose the magazine ( The Dial ) that offered the most and black like me analysis essay, actually made quite a lot of money.

The modernists' self-stylization as artists who had no interest in financial success whatsoever thus has to be modified. Rainey, Lawrence. 1997. The real scandal of Ulysses : How literary modernism came to retreat from the public sphere. TLS (January 31): 11-13.

Rainey argues that Sylvia Beach's decision to molecular research publish Ulysses was not just a selfless act of support for an avant-garde author, but was guided by financial considerations as well. She consciously chose to publish Ulysses as a deluxe and not as a limited edition. Black Like Me Analysis Essay. The book thus immediately became a collector's item rather than a book for a limited audience. The attention was diverted from the content to the book as object. Rhondda, Viscountess, Margaret Haig. 1933. This Was My World . Molecular Biology Articles. London: Macmillan. Lady Rhondda's highly interesting autobiography in black like me analysis essay, which she also briefly mentions the foundation and development of Time and Tide . Rosenberg, Harold. 1938.

Literature Without Money. Direction 1.3: 6-10. 14 Chapter. A contemporary discussion of the role of little magazines in the development of modernism in America. Rosenberg stresses that the little magazines often served as a first step in the publication history of an author and that commercial magazines and publishing houses latched on when they considered her or him financially promising. He notices a difference in reception with regard to me analysis the three genres (decidedly less interest in poetry with the commercial publishers). Essay Gospel. Sader, Marion, ed. 1976. Comprehensive Index to black like me analysis essay English Language Little Magazines 1890-1970 . Millwood, NY: Kraus-Thomson-Organization. A six-volume author index to over one hundred - mainly American and thesis activity, British - little magazines. The entries include information on works by and about black like authors who were published in these magazines (interviews, articles, essays, poems, drama, fiction).

Schwartz, Delmore. 1939. The Criterion , 1922-1939. Kenyon Review 1: 437-449. Selver, Paul. Director Of Theseus. 1959. Orage and The New Age Circle: Reminiscences and Reflections . London: Allen Unwin. Black Me Analysis. This is more an autobiography than an essay for the account of The New Age and its editor A.R. Orage although he tries to improve Orage's reputation with his book. Selver describes his own (rather marginal) function in the magazine. His comments on some of the avant-garde authors reflects his own conservative literary values.

Singer, Herman B. 1940. The Modern Quarterly 1923-1940. Modern Quarterly 11.7: 13-19. A characterisation of Modern Quarterly from a political perspective. Singer focuses on the editor's (V.F. Calverton) position with respect to marxism and the Soviet Union and its influences on essay the magazine. He hardly says anything about the literature in Modern Quarterly . Essay Gospel John. Spender, Dale. 1984. Time and Tide Wait for No Man . London etc.: Pandora Press. One of the few accounts of Time and like me analysis, Tide . Unfortunately Spender concentrates on for the giving biographical information about the most important (political) contributers (Lady Rhondda, Elizabeth Robins, Rebecca West, Cicely Hamilton, Helena M. Swanwick, Winifred Holtby, Very Brittain, and Crystal Eastman) and on reprinting some of their articles.

Apart from naming some of the most prominent authors that appeared in Time and Tide she says very little about the magazine's literary contents. Sullivan, Alvin, ed. 1984. British Literary Magazines: The Victorian and Edwardian Age, 1837-1913 . Westport, Conn. London: Greenwood Press.

To date one of the most important reference work on literary and little magazines. The magazines are arranged in alphabetical order. Each magazine is introduced in an essay (whose length depends on the assumed importance of the magazines), including bibliographical references, information on publishers, editors, location sources as well as possible indexes and reprint editions, Sullivan, Alvin, ed. 1986. British Literary Magazines: The Modern Age, 1914-1984 . Westport, Conn. London: Greenwood Press. To date one of the black like essay most important reference work on literary and little magazines. The magazines are arranged in alphabetical order.

Each magazine is introduced in an essay (whose length depends on the assumed importance of the magazines), including bibliographical references, information on publishers, editors, location sources as well as possible indexes and reprint editions, Symons, Julian. Online Writing Sites. 1967. The Cri. London Magazine n.s. 7: 19-23. A description of The Criterion . Symons presents the black me analysis essay magazine as an odd combination of a conservative and overly academic literary criticism and biology research, an interest in like me analysis, literary innovation, revealing T.S. Eliot's own position. Of Ship. This also becomes apparent in Eliot's conservative social criticism. Symons notes some of the poetry that was published in The Criterion as remarkable, the black like me analysis prose less so and he complains that some genres such as history and essay gospel john, biography were ignored altogether. Tell, Waldo. 1934.

Review of Radical Magazines. Partisan Review 1: 60-63. An early account of a new turn to the left in (American) little magazines of the 1930s. Tell introduces Left Front , The Anvil , Dynamo , and Blast (not Wyndham Lewis's London magazine of 1913). Thacker, Andrew. 1993. Dora Marsden and The Egoist : 'Our War Is With Words'. English Literature in Transition, 1880-1920 36.2: 178-196. Another attempt to revaluate Marsden's position as editor of black like me analysis The (New)Freewoman / The Egoist and her role in the development of literary modernism (see also Barash 1989; Clarke 1996; Ferrall 1992a; Morrisson 1997, 2001) Todd, Ruthven.

1939. The Little Review. Twentieth Century Verse 15/16: 159-162. An early account of The Little Review focusing mainly on its early years. Todd criticises Margaret Anderson's indiscriminate choice of literature and stresses that her only critical essays on henry james real 'find' was Ulysses . He sees the most important improvement of the magazine in Pound's employment as foreign editor.

Trilling, Lionel. Like Me Analysis. 1951. The Function of the Little Magazine. The Liberal Imagination Essays on Literature and Society . Molecular Biology Articles. London: Secker and Warburg. Me Analysis Essay. 93-103. Originally published as an individual essay in 1946 in an anthology on and of The Partisan Review this is another quite early literary-critical account of the function of online little magazines, especially with respect to like me analysis the development of modernism. Activity. Trilling criticises that the intellectuals of his time have lost interest in literature but sees a new hope in politically oriented little magazines such as The Partisan Review . Troy, William. 1930.

The Story of the Little Magazines. The Bookman 70: 476-481, 657-563. Vondeling, Johanna E. 2000. The Manifest Professional: Manifestos and black like, Modernist Legitimation. College Literature 27.2: 127-145. Vondeling's notion of the manifesto is a little too vague, including essays and programmatic poetry, but she offers an interesting analysis of the function of little magazines in an author's self-legitimation. She focuses on Marinetti's Futurist Manifesto, Pound's essays in BLAST , and Loy's Feminist Manifesto and her essay International Psycho-Democracy. Critical On Henry. Wall, Alan. 1976. Little Magazines: Notes towards a methodology.

In Francis Barker et al., eds. Literature, Society and the Sociology of Literature (Proccedings of the Essex Conference of the Sociology of Literature). Colchester: University of Essex. 105-117. Wall provides some genereal sociological reflections from a typical 1970s marxist position on the status of little magazines. His main focus is on black like me analysis The Calendar of thesis Modern Letters , though. In spite of Wall's today rather outmoded political stance he offers a valuable attempt to go beyond a mere positivist listing of names of authors, editors and contributors. Whiteley, Mary N.S. 1932.

Shall We Let It Die? The Saturday Review of Literature 9.2: 19. A letter to the editor that regrets the imminent death of Harriet Monroe's Poetry . Me Analysis. In a retrospective account Whitley stresses the critical essays magazine's importance in the advancement of black like essay modernist - especially imagist - poetry. Young, Alan Michael Schmidt. 1973. A Conversation with Edgell Rickword. Poetry Nation 1: 73-89. Zabel, Morton Dauwen.

1929. The Way of Periodicals. Poetry 34.6: 330-4. A comment on the death of The Dial and The Little Review , which Zabel with amazing foresight also regards as the end of a literary-historical era: In going, they open the way to our next literary period, and so leave with us some of the sensations of creative writing suspense we experienced when they first flashed upon the view (1929: 334). Study on the situation of women between the wars. Key words: misogynist trends in society, female education as an enclave of emancipation - professions for women, health, leisure, reading, cinema, radio. Images of Women, influence on like essay women writers. Brantlinger, Patrick. 1996. 'The Bloomsbury Fraction' Versus War and Empire.

In: Carola M. Kaplan Anne B. Simpson, eds. Seeing Double: Revisioning Edwardian and Modernist Literature . New York: St. Martin's Press. 149-167. Buitenhuis, Peter. 1987. The Great War of Words: British, American, and Canadian Propaganda and Fiction, 1914-1933 . Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.

Study on war and literature. Key words: established (male) authors, war euphemisms, war propaganda. Textual material: predominantly pamphlets, but also narrative fiction. Fictional accounts less obvious and stereotypical, more ambivalence (cf. ch. 8). Buitenhuis distinguishes between two phases: 1st phase - patriotic, glorification of war, 2nd phase - less patriotic, critical discussion of war.

Byles, Joan Montgomery. 1985. Women's Experience of World War I: Suffragists, Pacifists and Poets. Women's Studies International Forum 8.5: 473-487. 14 Chapter Gospel. Article on the suffrage movement in the context of World War I. Like Me Analysis Essay. Key words: division - militarist suffragettes vs. pacifist suffragettes.

Example: conflict between Emmeline and Sylvia Pankhurst. Textual material: war poetry by women. Thesis. Fussell, Paul. Like. 1975. The Great War and gospel john, Modern Memory . London New York: Oxford. Study on war and modernism.

Details on World War I: major events, the end of the Great War - national ideals vs. reality. Foci: war landscape - depiction of the trenches and actual fighting, enemy territory vs. friendly territory, contrast home front - front, dichotomy of good and evil. Mythicisation and fictionalization of war: revival of the cultic, the mystical, the sacrificial, the sacramental and the universally significant. Speechlessness in the face of terror and its euphemistic verbalisation. The pastoral as a sheltering place of escape. Homoeroticism. Criticism: study is black essay restricted to male authors and provides questionable value judgements. Gardiner, Juliet, ed. 1993.

Women's Voices 1880-1918: The New Woman. London: Collins Brown. Essay collection on literary representations of the New Woman. Analysis is not limited to the genre of the New Woman novel , covers a wide range of textual examples: poetry, drama, travel literature, letters and other cultural-historical documents. Deals with established and less established writers. (ch. 6: Women's War) Goldman, Dorothy, ed. 1993. Women and World War I: The Written Response . Basingstoke: Macmillan. Essay collection on women writers' reactions to World War I. Introduces female authors (not restricted to British ones).

Key words: War from a female perspective, female world of experience. Patriotic vs. pacifist attitudes. Textual material: poetry (contrast to creative sites male war poets) and black like me analysis, novels. Essay For The. Hewitt, Douglas. 1988. English Fiction of the Early Modern Period, 1890-1940 . Longman Literature in English Series. Black Essay. London, New York: Longman.

Higonnet, Margaret et al., eds. 1987. Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two World Wars . New Haven London: Yale UP. Essay collection on thesis writing gender and war. Postulates a gender-specific experience of the like essay World Wars: confirmation of traditional gender roles, yet some change of gender consciousness in the field of war occupations such as driver, nurse, factory worker new professions (see Higonnet, Gould, Gubar). Questions Breadwinner. Questioning of masculinity through depiction of war neurosis and mutilation (see Showalter).

Different perspectives and manners of perceiving war: men focus on the dramatic war action, women focus on the long-term effects of the war. (cf. Rebecca West's The Return of the Soldier ). Special role of like me analysis literature: expresses problems more poignant, yet has little effect on political change. Hynes, Samuel. 1990. A War Imagined: The First World War and English Culture.

London: Bodley Head. Detailed study on the influence of World War I on literature and sites, art. Introduces war as a driving force for black me analysis, Modernism. Key words: Loss of values. Decadence. Online Creative. Search for new forms and contents. War and the difficulty of its representation - conventional means do not suffice for adequate representation of war. Like Essay. Disillusionment (caused by war) leads to experimental tendencies in art and literature. Representation of space is further considered. Captures the time before and after the war in different phases. Writing. Criticism: On the whole very informative, also with regards to primary sources, but: unfortunately no bibliography.

Kern, Stephen. 1983. The Culture of Time and Space, 1880-1918 . Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP. (ch. 11: The Cubist War) Longenbach, James. 1989. The Women and Men of 1914.

In: Helen M. Cooper, Adrienne Auslander Munich Susan Merill Squier, eds. Arms and the Woman: War, Gender, and Literary Representation . Chapel Hill, London: The University of North Carolina Press. 97-123. Black Like Essay. Lucas, John. 1997. The Radical Twenties. Aspects of Writing, Politics and Culture.

Nottingham: Five Leaves. (ch. 4 on Jazz) Cultural-theoretical study on the 1920s as a time of radical change. Molecular Biology Research Articles. Points out several aspects of society and discusses them in terms of me analysis their radicality: Effects of Wold War One on the public consciousness, socialism, women question, sexual liberation, drugs, music culture (jazz as decadent), dance (dance orgies, modern dance), mass culture (journals). Detailed discussion of novels (also by female authors). Considers literary representation of space. Mowat, John Loch. Online Writing. 1955. Britain Between the Wars 1918-1940 . London: Methuen. Nicholls, Peter. 1995. Modernisms: A Literary Guide . London: Macmillan.

Study on the time between the two World Wars: the 'Roaring Twenties' and the social consciousness in black me analysis essay, the 1930s (socialism, marxism, Spanish civil war, pacifism). Further key words: Fashion (the androgynous style of the flapper), architecture and mass media. Onions, John. 1990. English Fiction and Drama of the Great War, 1918-39. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

Study on British war fiction. Similar to Hynes (1990), but not as detailed. Centred on director the figure of the hero and likewise the anti-hero. Considers comparatively few literary works, most of them established texts. Devaluation of minor works. Me Analysis. Ouditt, Sharon. Research Articles. 1994. Fighting Forces, Writing Women: Identity and Ideology in black essay, the First World War . London New York: Routledge. Study on women and World War I. Starts out focusing on a description of women at work (medical duty, agricultural work, work in munitions factories).

Continues to director approach the topic by black, looking at different texts: magazines, autobiographies and novels (partly popular literature). Literature (fictional and non-fictional) is director of ship granted a major role in this context. Black Essay. Areas of discussion: images of women: stereotypical Red Cross Nurse (active role of hero, yet female) - the ordinary housewife at the home front as angel in the house in war literature. Critical reflection on the war and women's roles in postwar fiction. Image of the mother as a preserver of life. Feminist pacifism. The shock experience of war and the temporary allocation of roles as a danger to of theseus identity. Discussion of the influence of World War I on society and literature as part of like me analysis modernism.

Quinn, Patrick J., ed. 1996. Recharting the Thirties . Selinsgrove: Susquehanna UP. Essay collection on the effects of molecular biology research World War I on black like me analysis society and particularly on literature. Of Theseus. Considers neglected authors: Irene Rathbone, R.H. Mottram, but also Rosamond Lehmann and Elizabeth Bowen.

Trout, Steven. 1986. Like. R. Thesis. H. Essay. Mottram: The Great War and Europa's Beast . In: Patrick J. Quinn, ed. Recharting the Thirties. Selinsgrove: Susquehanna UP. 51-63. Tylee, Claire M. 1990. The Great War and Women's Consciousness: Images of Militarism and essays on henry, Womanhood in Women's Writings, 1914-64 . Basingstoke London: Macmillan. de Vries, Jaqueline. 1994.

Gendering Patriotism: Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst and like me analysis, World War I. Critical Essays. In: Sybil Oldfield, ed. This Working-Day World: Women's Lives and Culture(s) in Britain 1914-1945. London: Taylor Francis. 75-88. Wilson, Trevor. 1986. The Myriad Faces of War: Britain and the Great War 1914-1918 . Cambridge: Polity Press.

Study on World War I: based upon facts and black me analysis essay, events. Key words: happenings at the front, the home front, working situation, job market and women's participation. Winter, J.M. Questions For The. 1985. Black Like Essay. The Great War and the British People . Basingstoke London: Macmillan. Demographic study on World War I, proceeding from social history. Key words: war and loss, people's health, standards of living, efforts to increase birthrates, female surplus. Criticism: the study hardly considers women's situations and perspectives.

Zilboorg, Caroline. 1996. 14 Chapter Essay John. Irene Rathbone: The Great War and Its Aftermath. In: Patrick J. Quinn, ed. Recharting the Thirties. Selinsgrove: Susquehanna UP. 64-81.

Berg, Christian, Frank Durieux Geert Lernout, eds. 1995. The Turn of the Century: Modernism and Modernity in Literature and the Arts . Berlin New York: de Gruyter. Bloom, Clive, ed. 1993. Literature and Culture in black like, Modern Britain. Vol. 1: 1900-1929 . Writing. London New York: Longman. Essay collection on the socio-cultural context of modernism. Focuses on literature and art in their relation to society.

Considers a multitude of me analysis aspects: mass culture, literary criticism, poetry, the novel (also: popular fiction), drama, forms of publication, radio, cinema, popular music and fine arts. Booth, Michael R. Joel H. Kaplan, eds. Essay Gospel. 1996. The Edwardian Theatre: Essays on performance and the stage . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Essay collection on Edwardian theatre. Focus on the business aspects of theatre: stage, management, critics, audience.

Popular theatre: musical comedy, Music Hall, Variety, suffrage plays, East End popular theatre. Popularity of Cross-dressing: male cross-dressing as misogynist, female as positive (imitating the male accepted norm), general implication: blurring of gender boundaries. Butler, Christopher. 1994. Early Modernism: Literature, Music, and like essay, Painting in Europe, 1900-1916 . Essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Chinitz, David. 1997. Dance, Little Lady': Poets, Flappers, and the Gendering of Jazz.

In: Lisa Rado, ed. Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach. New York London: Garland Publishing. 319-335. Finney, Gail. 1989. Women in Modern Drama: Freud, Feminism, and European Theatre at the Turn of the Century . Ithaca London: Cornell UP.

Gale, Maggie B. 1996. West End Women: Women and the London stage 1918-1962 . London New York: Routledge. Study on women and the theatre. Describes the significant participation of female authors in the theatrical world between 1918 and 1962. After winning the black vote, women were on the advance in every sector. Gale addresses women questions, but not from a feminist theoretical background. Topics of interest: profession and family, working class women, mother role, relationship mother-daughter. Griffin, Gabriele. 1994.

Becomings as Being: Leonora Carrington's Writings and Paintings 1937-40. In: Griffin, Gabriele, ed. Difference in View: Women and Modernism . London: Taylor and Francis. Holledge, Julie. Essay. 1981.

Innocent Flowers: Women in the Edwardian Theatre . London: Virago. Hynes, Samuel. Black Me Analysis. 1990. A War Imagined: The First World War and English Culture. London: Bodley Head. Detailed study on 14 chapter essay gospel john the influence of World War I on black me analysis literature and art. Critical On Henry. Introduces war as a driving force for modernism. Key words: Loss of like values. Decadence. Search for new forms and contents.

War and the difficulty of its representation - conventional means do not suffice for director, an adequate representation of war. Disillusionment (caused by war) leads to experimental tendencies in art and literature. Representation of like essay space is molecular further considered. Captures the time before and after the war in different phases. Criticism: On the whole very informative, also with regards to primary sources, but: unfortunately no bibliography. Isaak, Jo Anna. 1986. The Ruin of Representation in Modernist Art and Texts . Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press. Kahn, Elizabeth Louise.

1997. Engendering the Scandal: The Cubist House and essay, the Private Spaces of Modernity. In: Lisa Rado, ed. Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach . New York London: Garland Publishing. 175-198. Kaplan, Joel H. Sheila Stowell. James. 1994.

Theatre and Fashion: Oscar Wilde to black like me analysis the Suffragettes . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Breadwinner. Study on the interrelationship of theatre and fashion: reciprocal influence. Function of showing fashionable women's clothes on stage: attracting and stimulating for audience (except in performances of black like me analysis Ibsen or Shaw). Semantic function of dress: social status of a character and its alteration in director of theseus, the course of the black like me analysis essay play ( Pygmalion ; from flower girl to lady). Symbolization of stereotypes of femininity: Woman as sex object, New Woman and Suffragette emphasize masculine markers (e.g. boots, umbrella) and reject female markers (e.g. skirts, sashes, puffed sleeves) - this is true for the stage as well as social reality. Creative Sites. Lucas, John. 1997. The Radical Twenties. Aspects of Writing, Politics and me analysis, Culture. Nottingham: Five Leaves. Creative Writing Sites. (ch.

4 on Jazz) Study on the 1920s as a time of radical change, proceeding from cultural theory. Points out several aspects of society and discusses them in terms of their radicality: Effects of World War I on the public consciousness, socialism, women question, sexual liberation, drugs, music culture (jazz as decadent), dance (dance orgies, modern dance), mass culture (journals). Detailed discussion of novels (also by female authors). Lyon, Janet. 1992. Militant Discourse, Strange Bedfellows: Suffragettes and Vorticists before the War differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies 4.2: 100-133.

Article on the suffrage movement and developments in me analysis essay, art before World War I. Discusses analogies and interactions between militant suffragettes and radical artists of the avant-garde (e.g. vorticists, futurists). Key words: militancy, iconoclasms, feminist delimitation and self-marginalisation, polarizing tendencies and linguistic unambiguity in feminist pamphlets and manifestos. Plassard, Didier. 1995. Le Théatre de Kandinsky face à l'interpretation.

In: Christian Berg, Frank Durieux Geert Lernout, eds. The Turn of the Century: Modernism and Modernity in Literature and the Arts . Berlin New York: de Gruyter. 507-521. For The Breadwinner. Reynolds, Dee A. 1997. Dancing Free: Women's Movement in black essay, Early Modern Dance. In: Lisa Rado, ed. Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach . New York London: Garland Publishing. 247-279.

Stevenson, Randall. 1992. Modernist Fiction: An Introduction . Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf. (ch. 4 on art) Weisstein, Ulrich. 1995.

How Useful is the Term 'Modernism' for the Interdisciplinary Study of Twentieth-Century Art?. In: Christian Berg, Frank Durieux Geert Lernout, eds. The Turn of the Century: Modernism and Modernity in Literature and critical james, the Arts . Like Essay. Berlin New York: de Gruyter. Yaari, Monique. 1995. Ironies of Modern/Postmodern Art: Duchamp, Margritte, Adami.

In: Christian Berg, Frank Durieux Geert Lernout, eds. The Turn of the Century: Modernism and Modernity in Literature and the Arts . Berlin New York: de Gruyter. 537-552. Zabel, Barbara. 1997. Gendered Still Life: Painting of Still Life in the Machine Age.

In: Lisa Rado, ed. Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach . New York London: Garland Publishing. 229-246. Beddoe, Deirdre. 1989. Back to Home and Duty: Women Between the essays Wars, 1918-1939 . London etc.: Pandora. Study on the situation of women between the wars.

Key words: misogynist trends in society, female education as an enclave of me analysis emancipation - professions for women, health, leisure, reading, cinema, radio. Images of Women, influence on women writers. Bloom, Clive, ed. Director Of Ship Of Theseus. 1993. Literature and Culture in Modern Britain. Vol. 1: 1900-1929 . London New York: Longman. Essay collection on the socio-cultural context of modernism. Focuses on literature and art in their relation to society. Considers a multitude of aspects: mass culture, literary criticism, poetry, the novel (also: popular fiction), drama, forms of publication, radio, cinema, popular music and fine arts. Carey, John.

1992. The Intellectuals and the Masses: Pride and Prejudice among the Literary Intelligentsia 1880-1939. Black Essay. London: Faber Faber. Study on the phenomenon of the of ship of theseus masses from the black me analysis essay perspective of intellectuals. Key words: polarization - mass culture vs. literary elite. Revolt of the masses. Rewriting the masses: question of value judgements, increase in value.

Cultivation of high intellectual standards as a means of excluding the masses from a reading public. Space: suburbia - housing development, suburbia as a place of the masses. Travel: flight from activity, civilisation of established authors like Robert Byron, Graham Green, Evelyn Waugh. DiBattista, Maria Lucy McDiarmid, eds. 1996. High and Low Moderns: Literature and Culture 1889-1939 . Oxford: Oxford UP.

Hewett, Angela. 1994. The Great Company of Real Women': Modernist Women Writers and Mass Commercial Culture. In: Lisa Rado, ed. Rereading Modernism: New Directions in Feminist Criticism . New York London: Garland. 351-372. Black Me Analysis. Huyssen, Andreas. 1986. After the Great Divide: Modernism, Mass Culture, Postmodernism . London: Macmillan.

LeMahieu, D. Writing Activity. L. 1988. A Culture for Democracy: Mass Communication and black me analysis, the Cultivated Mind in Britain between the Wars. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Lucas, John. 1997. The Radical Twenties. Aspects of Writing, Politics and Culture. Nottingham: Five Leaves. Study on the 1920s as a time of radical change, proceeding from cultural theory. Online Creative. Points out several aspects of society and discusses them in terms of their radicality: Effects of black like me analysis essay World War I on director of theseus the public consciousness, socialism, women question, sexual liberation, drugs, music culture (jazz as decadent), dance (dance orgies, modern dance), mass culture (journals).

Detailed discussion of novels (also by female authors). Melman, Billie. 1988. Women and the Popular Imagination in black, the Twenties: Flappers and Nymphs . Of Ship Of Theseus. London: Macmillan. Study on images of women in the 1920s. Images dominating the public consciousness: flapper and black like, surplus woman. Analysis of a very broad spectrum of popular literature (broad in terms of reception rather than sales figures). Key words: best-seller, serial fiction, book business and magazines.

Rado, Lisa, ed. 1997. Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach . Writing. New York London: Garland Publishing. Heterogenous essay collection. Key words: Flaneuse, Striptease, spirituality (moments of being), advertising in popular magazines, Modernist Design, Modern Dance, primitivist and matriarchal tendencies ( Herland ), Flappers and Jazz.

Trodd, Anthea 1998. Women Writing in like me analysis essay, English: Britain 1900 1945. London: Longman. Wicke, Jennifer. 1988. Essay Questions For The. Advertising Fictions: Literature, Advertisement, Social Reading . New York, Columbia UP. Ankum, Katharina von, ed. 1997. Women in black me analysis, the Metropolis: Gender and Modernity in Weimar Culture . Director. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Barta, Peter I. 1990. The Treatment of the Fourth Dimension in the Modernist City Novel. Essay. In: Roger Bauer et al., eds. Space and Boundaries/Espace et Frontières: Proceedings of the essay for the XIIth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du XIIe Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée , Vol. 3. München: iudicum. 310-315. Study on the modernist city novel . Key words: the fourth dimension, i.e. the representation of black essay space as a major constituent of the integrative text structure.

Space and identity. Becker, Claudia. Critical. 1990. Zur Interiorisierung der Raumsymbolik in der Literatur der Moderne. In: Roger Bauer et al., eds. Black Me Analysis Essay. Space and Boundaries/Espace et Frontières: Proceedings of the XIIth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du XIIe Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée , Vol. 3. München: iudicum. 281-287.

The article deals with modernist tendencies of internalization: depiction of thesis activity different rooms of the interior (factual and like me analysis essay, psychological ones). Becker, Sabina. 1993. Urbanität und Moderne: Studien zur Großstadtwahrnehmung in der deutschen Literatur 1900-1930. St.

Ingbert: Röhrig. Berghahn, Daniela. 1988. Raumdarstellung im englischen Roman der Moderne . Frankfurt/M.: Peter Lang. Authoritative text on literary representations of space in director of ship, the avant-gardist modernist novel. Key words: Subjectivity, integration of space in stream of black consciousness; selectivity of perception and representation, processes of fragmentarization, montage as technique to depict space; associative spaces; spatial symbolism; interdisciplinary analogies (literature and art: impressionism, cubism); provides an analysis of Henry James The Ambassadors , Joseph Conrad Nostromo , Ford Madox Ford The Good Soldier , D.H.

Lawrence Women in Love , James Joyce Ulysses , E.M. Forster A Passage To India , and creative sites, Virginia Woolf To the Lighthouse . Boynton, Percy Holmes. 1913. London in English Literature. Me Analysis. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. (Ch. Questions For The. 10 Contemporary London) Bradbury, Malcolm. 1976. London 1890-1930. In: Malcolm Bradbury James McFarlane, eds. Modernism. 1890-1930.

Harmondsworth: Penguin. 172-190. Bronfen, Elisabeth. 1986. Der literarische Raum: Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel von Dorothy M. Richardsons Romanzyklus Pilgrimage. Like Me Analysis. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

Study on literary space in the work of Dorothy Richardson. Approach: phenomenological (cf. Ströker and Hoffmann) and structuralist (cf. Lotman). Key words: subjectivity of spatial perception in streams of consciousness. Metaphorical space (additional symbolism) vs. space which can be physically entered. Space and identity. Spatial textual structures.

Carey, John. 1992. The Intellectuals and the Masses: Pride and Prejudice among the Literary Intelligentsia 1880-1939. London: Faber Faber. (Chap. Critical Essays. 3 The Suburbs and the Clerks) Study on the phenomenon of the masses from the perspective of intellectuals. Space: suburbia - housing development, suburbia as a place of the masses. Travel: flight from like me analysis essay, civilisation of established authors like Robert Byron, Graham Green, Evelyn Waugh. Essays On Henry. Ecker, Gisela. 1995. Allegorical Gardens of Desire in Modernity: A Gendered Perspective.

In: Susan C. Scott, ed. The Art of Interpreting . University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University. 260-292. Allocations of meaning to the garden based on depth psychology. Gender-specific dimensions of the garden: a place of solitude and black like, expansion of consciousness for women - a place of maternal security for men. Of Ship Of Theseus. Frank, Joseph.

1963. Black Like Essay. Spatial Form in Modern Literature. In: The Widening Gyre: Crisis and Mastery in Modern Literature . New Brunswick: Rutgers UP. 3-63. Article on textual space. Textual structures are described with help of spatial metaphors (see also Smitten 1981). Friedman, Susan Stanford.

1996. Spacialization, Narrative Theory, and Virginia Woolf's The Voyage Out . Director Of Ship. In: Kathy Mezei, ed. Essay. Ambiguous Discourse: Feminist Narratology and British Women Writers . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 109-136. On Henry James. Article is an example of the notion of text as space. Structure of text and structure of communication: intertextual, historical and psychological (semiotic and symbolic) references. Fryer, Judith. 1984. Women and black like, Space.

The Flowering of Desire. Thesis Writing. In: Prospects: An Annual of American Cultural Studies : 187-230. Article on gendered concepts of space in architecture, housing and narrative fiction from the turn of the century up to the 1930s based on social geography. Contains writings on architecture and feminist reform efforts. Gindin, James. 1992. British Fiction in the 1930s: The Dispiriting Decade . New York: St. Martin's Press. Black Like Essay. Study introduces only the well-known texts of the 1930s.

There are several references to the literary representation of space (ex. Rosamond Lehman, Elizabeth Bowen) Hertel, Kirsten. 1997. London zwischen Naturalismus und Moderne: Literarische Perspektiven einer Metropole. Heidelberg: Winter. Keating, Peter. 1984. Director Of Theseus. The Metropolis in Literature. Essay. In: Anthony Sutcliffe, ed. Metropolis 1890-1940. London: Mansell.

129-145. Kern, Stephen. 1983. The Culture of Time and molecular articles, Space 1880 1918 . Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP. Study on modernist concepts of time and space. Documents historical changes of spatial concepts in like essay, modernity.

Key words: Subjectivity, categorisation according to molecular biology research articles different ways of perception (visual, acoustic, tactual etc.) Microscopic space. Art (cubism, impressionism) and sculpture. Film (rapid change of pictures and scenes). Heterogeneous space. Black Me Analysis Essay. Plurality of stance, multi-perspectivity. Changes of attitude. Space as designable matter (magnetic fields, architecture, artificial lighting). Expansion and reduction of writing sites geographical space (expeditions, public and private transport, aviation). Urban spaces. Black Like Me Analysis Essay. Psychoanalysis (mental rooms of the interior, stream of consciousness). Klarer, Mario.

1995. Simultaneity and Gender in Modernist Discourses. In: Near Encounters. Festschrift für Richard Martin . Frankfurt/M.: Peter Lang. Interdisciplinary study on the phenomenon of simultaneity and its implications concerning space and gender.

Simultaneity as spatially represented in the novel as well as in modernist paintings. Androgynity as a form of simultaneity. Müller, Lothar. 1988. Die Großstadt als Ort der Moderne: Über Georg Simmel. In: Klaus R. Scherpe, ed.

Die Unwirklichkeit der Städte: Großstadtdarstellung zwischen Moderne und Postmoderne. Reinbek: Rowohlt. 14-36. Online Sites. Pike, Burton. Black Essay. 1981. The Image of the City in Modern Literature. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton UP. Online Sites. Pratt, Annis. Me Analysis Essay. 1972.

Women and Nature in critical essays james, Modern Fiction. Comparative Literature 13: 476-490. Article on space and nature in modern fiction. Key words: epiphanies in natural settings (especially in me analysis essay, novels of development), gender-specific differences in the perception of nature. Sizemore-Wick, Christine. 1989. Of Theseus. A Female Vision of the City. London in the Novels of Five British Women . Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. Study on the city from a female perspective. City can be entered by women in the 20th century. Provides detailed analysis of novels.

Spencer, Sharon. 1971. Space, Time and Structure in the Modern Novel . New York: New York UP. Squier, Susan Merill. 1985. Virginia Woolf and London: The Sexual Politics of the City . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Stanzel, Franz. 1990. Das Niemandsland in der englischen und deutschen Dichtung. In: Roger Bauer et al., eds. Space and Boundaries/Espace et Frontières: Proceedings of the like essay XIIth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du XIIe Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée , Vol. 3. München: iudicum. 219-27. Article on the connecting and separating aspects of a boundary. Example: no-man's land between the trenches during the First World War in German and English literature. Articles. Voss, Dietmar. 1988.

Die Rückkehr der Flanerie: Versuch über ein Schlüsselphänomen der Moderne. Like Essay. In: Klaus R. Scherpe, ed. Die Unwirklichkeit der Städte: Großstadtdarstellung zwischen Moderne und Postmoderne. Reinbek: Rowohlt. 37-60. Weightman, Gavin Steve Humphries. 1984. The Making of Modern London, 1815-1914. London: Sidgwick Jackson.

Wolff Janet. 1985. The Invisible Flaneuse. Women and the Literature of Modernity. Theory, Culture and Society 2.3: 37-46. Director Of Theseus. Würzbach, Natascha. in print. Identitätskonstitution durch Raumerleben in der englischen Erzählliteratur des Modernismus.

Theory of subjectivity and me analysis essay, identity. The significance of space and body for the pre-linguistic formation of identity. Codes of spatial representation. Gender-specific spatial experience and concepts of thesis writing activity subjectivity in some modernist novels. Ackroyd, Peter. [2000] 2001. Like Essay. London. The Biography . Of Ship. London: Vintage. Alexander, Sally.

1989. Becoming a Woman in London in the 1920s and like me analysis, 1930s. Thesis. In: David Feldman Gareth Stedman Jones, eds. Black Like Essay. Metropolis London: Histories and Representations since 1800. London New York: Routledge. 245-271. Alter, Peter.

1993. Im Banne der Metropolen: Berlin und London in den zwanziger Jahren . Göttingen: Vandenhoeck Ruprecht. Alter, Peter. 2000. London in der Neuzeit. In: Andreas Sohn Hermann Weber, eds.

Haupstädte und Global Cities an der Schwelle zum 21. Jahrhundert . Bochum: Winkler. 57-79. Ankum, Katharina von, ed. 1997. Women in the Metropolis: Gender and for the, Modernity in Weimar Culture . Berkeley: University of California Press. Barta, Peter I. Me Analysis Essay. 1990. The Treatment of the Fourth Dimension in the Modernist City Novel. In: Roger Bauer et al., eds. Space and Boundaries/Espace et Frontières: Proceedings of the XIIth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du XIIe Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée , Vol. 3. München: iudicum.

310-315. Study on the modernist city novel . Key words: the molecular fourth dimension, i.e. the representation of space as a major constituent of the like integrative text structure. Space and essay gospel john, identity. Becker, Sabina. 1993. Urbanität und Moderne: Studien zur Großstadtwahrnehmung in der deutschen Literatur 1900-1930. St. Ingbert: Röhrig.

Boynton, Percy Holmes. 1913. London in black like me analysis essay, English Literature. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. (Ch. 10 Contemporary London) Bradbury, Malcolm. Essay Gospel. 1976. London 1890-1930. In: Malcolm Bradbury James McFarlane, eds. Modernism. 1890-1930. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

172-190. Breuner, Michael. 1991. Hunger for black like me analysis essay, Place: Studien zur Raumdarstellung im London-Roman seit 1940 . Online Writing. Frankfurt/M.: Peter Lang. Study on the London Novel after 1940. Key words: literary appropriation of the city.

Space and subjectivity: subjective perceptions and black like me analysis essay, formations of space (philosophical basis: see Ströker, psychological basis: see Minkowski). Brooks, J.A. 1982. Ghosts of London: The East End, City, and North. Norwich: Jarrold. Carey, John. 1992. The Intellectuals and molecular research, the Masses: Pride and Prejudice among the Literary Intelligentsia 1880-1939. London: Faber Faber. (Chap. 3 The Suburbs and the Clerks) Study on the phenomenon of the masses from the perspective of intellectuals.

Space: suburbia - housing development, suburbia as a place of the masses. Travel: flight from me analysis, civilisation of established authors like Robert Byron, Graham Green, Evelyn Waugh. Drabble, Margaret. 1979. A Writer's Britain: Landscape in creative, Literature.

Photographed by Jorge Lewinski. London: Thames Hudson. Epstein-Nor, Deborah. 1991. The Urban Peripatetic: Spectator, Streetwalker, Woman Writer. Nineteenth Century Literature 46.3: 351 - 375.

Frisby, David. 2001. Cityscapes of Modernity: Critical Explorations . Cambridge: Polity Press. Harding, Desmond. 2002. Black Me Analysis Essay. Writing the City: Urban Visions And Literary Modernism . New York: Routledge. Hertel, Kirsten. 1997.

London zwischen Naturalismus und Moderne: Literarische Perspektiven einer Metropole. Heidelberg: Winter. Keating, Peter. 1984. The Metropolis in Literature. In: Anthony Sutcliffe, ed. Metropolis 1890-1940. London: Mansell. Critical. 129-145. Kilian, Eveline.

2002. Exploring London. Walking the City - (Re)Writing the City. In: Hartmut Berghoff, Barbara Korte Ralf Schneider, eds. The Making of Modern Tourism: The Cultural History of the British Experience, 1600 to 2000 . London: Palgrave. 267-283. Klotz, Volker. 1969. Die erzählte Stadt: Ein Sujet als Herausforderung des Romans von Lesage bis Döblin.

München: Hanser. Kublitz-Kramer, Maria. 1995. Essay. Frauen auf Straßen: Topographien des Begehrens in Erzähltexten von Gegenwartsautorinnen. München: Fink. Kursbuch Stadt. Stadtleben und Stadtkultur an der Jahrtausendwende. 1999 . Redaktion Stefan Bollmann.

Stuttgart: DVA. Lane, Eric. 1988. A Guide to Literary London. Sawtry, Cambridgeshire: Dedalus. Lefèbvre, Henri. 1972. Die Revolution der Städte. München: List. Lehan, Richard.

1998. The City in Literature: An Intellectual and molecular biology articles, Cultural History . Berkeley: University of California Press. Like Me Analysis Essay. Mahler, Andreas, ed. 1999. Stadt-Bilder: Allegorie, Mimesis, Imagination . Heidelberg: Winter. Manley, Lawrence. 1995. Literature and Culture in Early Modern London . Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Marcus, Steven. 1987. Reading the Illegible. Some Modern Representations of Urban Experience. In: William Sharpe Leonard Wallock, eds. Visions of the Modern City: Essays in History, Art, and Literature. Baltimore London: Johns Hopkins UP. Gospel. 232-256. Milgram, Stanley. 1970.

Das Erleben der Großstadt: Eine psychologische Analyse. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie 1: 142-152. Müller, Lothar. 1988. Die Großstadt als Ort der Moderne: Über Georg Simmel. In: Klaus R. Scherpe, ed. Die Unwirklichkeit der Städte: Großstadtdarstellung zwischen Moderne und Postmoderne.

Reinbek: Rowohlt. 14-36. Nord, Deborah Epstein. 1991. The Urban Peripatetic: Spectator, Streetwalker, Woman Writer. Nineteenth Century Literature 46.3: 351-375. Nowel, Ingrid. 1998.

London: Biographie einer Weltstadt - Architektur und Kunst, Geschichte und Literatur. Köln: Dumont. Black Essay. Parson, Deborah L. 2000. Streetwalking the Metropolis: Women, the City and Modernity. Oxford: Oxford UP. Pfeil, Elisabeth. 1972.

Großstadtforschung: Entwicklung und gegenwärtiger Stand. Hannover: Jänecke. Of Theseus. Pike, Burton. 1981. The Image of the City in essay, Modern Literature. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton UP. Punter, David. 1979. Blake's Capital Cities.

In: P. Weston, ed. London in writing activity, Literature. London: Roehampton Institute. 46-72. Scherpe, Klaus R., ed. 1988. Die Unwirklichkeit der Städte: Großstadtdarstellung zwischen Moderne und Postmoderne. Reinbek: Rowohlt. Sennett, Richard, ed. 1978. Classic Essays on the Culture of Cities . New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Sennet, Richard. 1995. Flesh and Stone. The Body and the City in black like me analysis, Western Civilization . London: Faber Faber. Shaffer, Elinor S., ed. 1996. Spaces: Cities, Gardens and Wilderness . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Sharpe, William 1986. Feminizing the Urban World. Urban Resources . 3.2: 55-57.

Sharpe, William Leonard Wallock. 1987. From 'Great Town' to 'Nonplace Urban Realm': Reading the Modern City. In: William Sharpe und Leonard Wallock, Hgg. Visions of the Modern City. Essays in History, Art, and Literature.

Baltimore/London: Johns Hopkins UP. 1-51. Sharpe, William Leonard Wallock. 1987. From 'Great Town' to 'Nonplace Urban Realm': Reading the Modern City. In: William Sharpe Leonard Wallock, eds. Visions of the Modern City: Essays in History, Art, and Literature. Essay Questions For The Breadwinner. Baltimore London: Johns Hopkins UP. 1-51.

Sizemore-Wick, Christine. 1989. A Female Vision of the City: London in the Novels of Five British Women . Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. Study on the city from a female perspective. City can be entered by women in the 20th century. Provides detailed analysis of novels. Black Like Me Analysis Essay. Smuda, Manfred, ed.

1992. Die Großstadt als Text . München: Wilhelm Fink. Squier, Susan Merrill, ed. 1984. Women Writers and the City: Essays in Feminist Literary Criticism . Knoxville. University of Tennessee Press. Squier, Susan Merill.

1985. Virginia Woolf and London: The Sexual Politics of the City. Chapel Hill London: The University of North Carolina Press. (Ch. 5 The Carnival and Funeral of online creative writing Mrs Dalloway's London) Sutcliffe, Anthony, ed. 1984. Metropolis 1890-1940. London: Mansell. Timms, Edward David Kelley, eds. 1985. Unreal City: Urban Experience in Modern European Literature and Art.

Manchester: Manchester UP. Black Like Me Analysis. Twyning, John. 1998. London Dispossess: Literature and Social Space in the Early Modern City. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Voss, Dietmar. 1988. Die Rückkehr der Flanerie: Versuch über ein Schlüsselphänomen der Moderne. In: Klaus R. Scherpe, ed. Die Unwirklichkeit der Städte: Großstadtdarstellung zwischen Moderne und Postmoderne. Reinbek: Rowohlt.

37-60. Weigel, Sigrid. 1990. 'Die Städte sind weiblich und nur als Sieger hold': Zur Funktion des Weiblichen in writing sites, Gründungsmythen und Städtedarstellungen. In: Sigrid Weigel, ed. Topographien der Geschlechter. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt. 149-189.

Weightman, Gavin Steve Humphries. 1984. The Making of Modern London, 1815-1914. London: Sidgwick Jackson. Weightman, Gavin Steve Humphries. Black Like. 1984. The Making of Modern London, 1914-1939. London: Sidgwick Jackson. Weinreb, Ben Christopher Hibbert.

1983. The London Encyclopaedia. London: Macmillan. Wilson, Elizabeth. 1991. The Sphinx in the City: Urban Life, the Control of of ship of theseus Disorder, and Women . London: Virago. Wolff Janet. 1985. The Invisible Flaneuse. Women and black me analysis essay, the Literature of Modernity.

Theory, Culture and Society 2.3: 37-46. Bausinger, Hermann et al., eds. 1991. Reisekultur: Von der Pilgerfahrt zum modernen Tourismus . Thesis Activity. München: Beck. Berghoff, Hartmut, Barbara Korte Ralf Schneider, eds. 2002. The Making of like me analysis Modern Tourism: The Cultural History of the essay British Experience, 1600 to 2000 . London: Palgrave. Blake, Susan L. 1990. A Woman's Trek: What Difference Does Gender Make? Women's Studies International Forum 13.4: 347-353.

Birkett, Dea. 1989. Spinsters Abroad: Victorian Lady Explorers . Oxford: Blackwell. Black, Jeremy. 1985. The British and the Grand Tour . London: Croom Helm. Blunt, Elison Gillian Rose, eds. 1994. Writing Women and Space: Colonial and Postcolonial Geographies . New York: The Guilford Press. Collection of essays on ethnological and like me analysis essay, geographical issues. Theoretical background: postcolonial studies, gender studies, discourse theory, and constructivism.

Premiss: the white, middle-class subject constructs other cultures from director of ship, a privileged and relatively uncritical stance. Female living spaces: social mapping paves the way for black me analysis, social and political orientation, territorial dissociation. Fight against creative writing sites, imperialism and gender-specific oppression. Articles on: Mary Kingsley's perspective on landscape, geographical spaces such as Australia, Western Africa, Ireland. Bode, Christoph, ed. 1997. West Meets East: Klassiker der britischen Orient-Reiseliteratur . Heidelberg: Winter.

Brendon, Piers. Black Like Me Analysis. 1991. Thomas Cook: 150 Years of Popular Tourism . London: Secker Warburg. Brenner, Peter J., ed. 1989. Der Reisebericht: Die Entwicklung einer Gattung in der deutschen Literatur . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Articles on the history of German travel literature.

Introduction considers basic issues: perception of the foreign through patterns of the (kn)own. Perception is influenced by thesis activity, emotions: stimulation, rejection, amazement. Quality of travel experience ranges from dissociation to identification. Essay. Change of the German travel report relative to critical on henry james the changes in the philosophical conception of the world (homogeneity or heterogeneity of the world). Brenner, Peter J. 1989. Die Erfahrung der Fremde: Zur Entwicklung einer Wahrnehmungsform in der Geschichte des Reiseberichts. In: Peter J. Brenner, ed. Der Reisebericht: Die Entwicklung einer Gattung in der deutschen Literatur . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Black Essay. 14-49. Burkart, Arthur J. Slavoj Medlik.

1974. Tourism: Past, Present, and Future . London: Heinemann. Buzard, James. 1993. The Beaten Track: European Tourism, Literature, and the Ways to Culture, 1800 - 1918 . Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Seminal study on the definition and history of tourism. Critically assesses the traveller vs. tourist dichotomy . Tourism is approached in a differentiated manner weighing the following aspects: tourism as phenomenon of the masses, processes of stereotyping the foreign, selection and assessment of tourist attractions, alleged authenticity, convenience and enhancement of infrastructure, the hierarchical structure of home culture vs. foreign culture, relaxation and flight from civilisation, democratisation of travelling, antitourism ( off the activity beaten track ). Textual sources: travel reports, tourist guides, literary texts, documents on economic aspects of tourism. Chard, Chloe. 1999. Pleasure and Guilt on the Grand Tour: Travel Writing and Imaginative Geography 1600-1890 . Manchester: Manchester UP. Cocker, Mark. 1992. Loneliness and me analysis, Time: British Travel Writing in the Twentieth Century . Gospel. London: Secker Warburg. Study exclusively deals with white, middle-class, imperialistic, male authors. Uncritical stylisation of the male traveller as a hero (alleged male characteristics: self-discipline, survival in the face of danger, suppression of emotions, 'the lone wolf', self-sufficiency). Claims travel literature to be factual.

Cocker's arguments are not very well organised, nor up to the current state of research. Nevertheless, a useful source for male travel reports. Culler, Jonathan. 1988. The Semiotics of black me analysis essay Tourism. In: Jonathan Culler, ed. Framing the Sign: Criticism and Its Institutions . Oxford: Blackwell. 153-167. Article describes tourism as a semiotic system of writing sites stereotypization. Emphasises the fact that tourist attractions and souvenirs are semiotically communicated, i.e. they are signifiers serving the satisfaction of certain desires. Discusses this representative function of tourism from a Barthesian perspective, sees the essay availability of tourism as a commercial product.

Thesis: semiotic processes of tourism turn the critical world into an accumulation of travel destinations. Dodd, Philip. 1982. The Views of Travellers: Travel writing in the 1930s. Prose Studies 5.1 (Special Issue The Art of Travel: Essays on Travel Writing ): 127-138. Dodd analyses the traveller's/the narrator's attitude towards the travelled places as the most important structural component of the text. In general, the attitudes mirror the culturally given standards; personal interests also come into the play: e.g. nostalgic childhood memories ( home tour ), social interests etc. Dodd discusses texts by Greene, Muir, Orwell, Priestley. Foster, Shirley. 1990.

Nineteenth Century Women Tavellers and Their Writings . New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf. The study predominantly deals with female English travellers/travel writers of the 19th century. It is structured according to areas of destination (Italy, North-America, Far East) documenting the travellers' different attitudes towards the respective countries. Like. Introductory chapter is of fundamental relevance for theories and histories of female travelling. The following aspects are given detailed treatment: breaking away from social conventions and confining norms, the double bind of the female traveller and of ship of theseus, her difficulties as a woman due to male prejudice. Female travellers as exceptional women: acquisition of stereotypically male characteristics, emancipated behaviour (positive evaluation, depicted in an almost panegyric manner). Mixture of male and female conventions of writing: topography, economic aspects, male activity vs. female aesthetics of landscape, female living spaces; objectivity, factual information vs. emotionalised information, expression of subjectivity and self-analysis, practising dominance vs. opening up to the foreign culture and showing a readiness to integrate. Foucault, Michel.

1992. Andere Räume. In: Karlheinz Bark et al., eds. Aisthesis: Wahrnehmung heute oder Perspektiven einer anderen Ästhetik . Leipzig: Reclam: 34-46. Foulke, Robert. Black Like Me Analysis. 1992. The Guide Book Industry. In: Michael Kowalewski, ed. Temperamental Journeys: Essays on the Modern Literature of Travel . Athens: The University of questions Georgia Press. 93-106.

Essay on the genre of the travel-guide: the like essay travel-guide as the for the breadwinner sole source for mass-tourists, the best-selling subgenre within travel literature. Distinction between predominantly factual-informative and other, more personally oriented, guides. Criteria for evaluation: travel-guides have to be up to date, affordable, handy, and respectable. Black Like. Content: sights and for the, practical hints (means of transportation, hotels, restaurants, food, clothing). Early travel handbooks in the 19th century are above all educational ( Grand tour ). Three different treatments of Bath demonstrate how travel-guides differ (in terms of selection, representation, or evaluation of the black me analysis essay place). Frederick, Bonnie Susan H. McLeod, eds.

1993. Women and the Journey: The Female Travel Experience . Pullman, Washington: Washington State UP. Essay collection on biology articles women and me analysis essay, travelling. Introduction discusses fundamental issues: women's motivations for travelling (liberation from the confining domestic shelter, transgression of boundaries), special risks for women, self-development, women's difficulties in finding a balance between the demands and conventions of home on the one hand and the freedom of travelling on the other hand. The individual contributions deal with examples of women travellers, focusing on director of ship of theseus their encounters with women of other ethnicities and questions of sex, race and class. The representation of female travelling in literary texts is also considered: the female quest plot seems to allow no happy ending for female characters (either return to restrictive patriarchal structures at home or emigration to a foreign country). Fussell, Paul. 1980. Abroad: British Literary Travelling Between the Wars . Oxford: Oxford UP. Black Me Analysis. Early authoritative text on travel literature. Deals exclusively with traditional male travel literature written between the director of ship of theseus wars (summaries, biographical details).

Authors discussed are: Robert Byron, Norman Douglas, Graham Greene, D.H. Lawrence, Evelyn Waugh. Aspects of analysis: major need to travel in post-war society, boom of essay travel literature, introduction of passports, awareness of national borders. Travel vs. tourism, the director of theseus latter strongly deprecated. Questionable categorisation of travel periods: exploration (Renaissance), travel (age of the bourgeoisie), tourism (proletarian age). Fussell's study is of rather restricted use for information on travel literature. Fussell, Paul. 1992.

Travel and the British Literary Imagination of the Twenties and Thirties. In: Michael Kowalewski, ed. Temperamental Journeys: Essays on the Modern Literature of Travel . Athens: The University of Georgia Press. 71-92. Ghose, Indira.

1998. Women Travellers in black essay, Colonial India: The Power of the Female Gaze . Oxford: Oxford UP. Postcolonial-deconstructionist and feminist study on India. Ghose's study aims at uncovering ideologies. Writing. Shows women as doubly colonised. Women's subversive refusal of the colonial discourse, female quest for black, identity. Questions of ethnic difference and multi-culturalism. Contemplation of the Other serves self-definition (confirmation of the Self through reduction of the Other). 14 Chapter. The rational subject of European Enlightenment as the standard of evaluation. Black Like Me Analysis Essay. Textual sources: 19th-century travel literature of British women depicting different images of Indian women. The female perspective of women travellers is influenced by aspects of race, class and essay questions, gender.

They seem to have taken over male positions of black like essay epistemological superiority, of voyeurs or spies. This is also evident in the description of landscape following the aesthetic conventions of the picturesque. Henderson, Heather. 1992. 14 Chapter Essay John. The Travel Writer and the Text: My Giant Goes with Me Wherever I Go. Black Me Analysis. In: Michael Kowalewski, ed. Temperamental Journeys: Essays on the Modern Literature of Travel . Athens: The University of Georgia Press. Biology Research. 230-240. Henderson demonstrates the intertextuality of travel literature on the basis of several examples.

Literary and cultural influences determined the perception and style of travel writers: stereotypes, prejudices, historical and literary knowledge, former travel reports. Impossibility of a direct access to the reality of the travelled country. Subjective experiences of the traveller as another element of mediating reality. Hindley, Geoffrey. 1983. Tourists, Travellers, and Pilgrims . London: Hutchinson.

Hunter, Jefferson. 1982. Edwardian Fiction . Cambridge, Ma. London: Harvard UP. Study on the Edwardian novel . Discusses predominantly male authors (only Woolf and Vita Sackville West are mentioned). Key words: Formal aspects (continuity and change). Depiction of social problems.

Best-sellers (do not account for the particular character of the epoch). Travel literature as a means of escaping into like, the exotic. Imperialism. Debate on identity. The English country mansion as a topos. Criticism: Tendency towards superficial judgements. Ingemanson, Brigitta Maria. 1993.

Under Cover: The Paradox of biology articles Victorian Women's Travel Costume. In: Bonnie Frederick Susan H. McLeod, eds. Women and the Journey: The Female Travel Experience . Pullman, Washington: Washington State UP. 5-24. The essay shows how women travellers of the Victorian and Edwardian period endeavoured to dress and act according to conventional norms of femininity.

This caused considerable difficulties for women: mountaineering with crinoline and Alpenstock . Dressing according to male dress codes was perceived as a loss of identity by most women up to the 20th century. Jost, Herbert. 1989. Selbst-Verwirklichung und Seelensuche: Zur Bedeutung des Reiseberichts im Zeitalter des Massentourismus. In: Peter J. Brenner, ed. Der Reisebericht: Die Entwicklung einer Gattung in der deutschen Literatur . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. 490-507. Kohl, Stephan. 1990.

Travel Literature and the Art of Self-Invention. In: Rüdiger Ahrens, ed. Anglistentag 1989 Würzburg: Proceedings . Tübingen: Niemeyer. Black Like Essay. Korte, Barbara. 1996. Der englische Reisebericht: Von der Pilgerfahrt bis zur Postmoderne . Darmstadt: WBG. Thesis Writing Activity. Study on the history of travel literature in England; attempts a systematic description of the genre. Key words: genre hybridity and openness, relation of me analysis fact and fiction, narrative components, subject-object relation.

Marginally, Korte also considers travel literature by women authors. Distinguishes different motivations for travelling and different forms of travel reports: pilgrimage (spiritual salvation), voyages of discovery (trade routes, map-making, exotic merchandise, conquest), expedition (scientific and breadwinner, nautical discoveries), Grand tour (identity formation, sights, sexual adventures), Home tour (getting to black like me analysis essay know one's own country, questions of national identity and nationalism), subjectivity, experimental forms of travel literature in the 1930s (personal experience, civilisation critique), development of tourism (relaxation, security, comfort, sights), intertextual play with travel reports in writing activity, postmodernism. Kowalewski, Michael, ed. 1992. Temperamental Journeys: Essays on the Modern Literature of Travel . Athens: The University of Georgia Press. Like Essay. The contributions to this essay collection are quite heterogeneous with respect to content and quality, they are separately listed and annotated under the names of the essay breadwinner respective authors (see Rober Foulke, Heather Henderson, Mary Morris). Like Me Analysis. The following aspects are mentioned in the editor's foreword: emphasis of the newly awakened interest in travel literature; hybridity of the of ship genre (mixture of autobiography, journalism, travel guide, confessional literature, and novel); curiosity and desire for independence as travel motivations; subjectivity of essay travel impressions. Lawrence, Karen L. 1994.

Penelope Voyages: Women and Travel in the British Literary Tradition . Cornell: Cornell UP. Semiotic-psychoanalytic approach to thesis activity interpreting travel literature and novels calling upon mythical constructions. Lawrence asks the hypothetical question: What happens if Penelope no longer waits for Odysseus but begins to travel herself? Thesis: it is the traditional exclusion of women from travelling that brings about the male travel plot. Lawrence argues on the basis of psychoanalytic theorems: Freud's association of the uncanny with the stranger and like me analysis essay, the mother suggests the male traveller's ambivalent search for the maternal/original safety. Travelling enabled women to penetrate new spaces, experiencing the tension between the familiar and the strange. Director Of Ship Of Theseus. The flexibility of the genre of travel literature opened up opportunities for women, even the process of writing became a kind of travel adventure, a breaking away from like essay, male (literary) conventions. Lawrence illustrates that the essay breadwinner signifier 'travel' can denote various signifieds.

Postulates differences between male and female conventions of writing and behaviour, provides evidence from black like me analysis, a number of texts (Mary Kingsley and Sarah Lee among others). Lobsien, Eckhard. 1981. Landschaft in Texten: Zur Geschichte und Phänomenologie der literarischen Beschreibung . Stuttgart: Metzler. Lutwack, Leonard. Thesis Activity. 1984. The Role of Place in Literature . Black. New York: Syracuse UP. MacCannell, Dean.

1976. [1999] The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class . Director Of Theseus. New York: Schocken Books. Structuralist-semiotic study on tourism. MacCannell sees the tourist as a prototype of the modern human being (hunger for like, adventure, need for leisure time, superficiality). Sights are signifiers to essay questions which different signifieds can be assigned; they acquire a representative function. Authenticity of sights is produced and serially reproduced in the souvenir. Process of semantisation: sacrilization, framing and elevation, mechanical reproduction. Wide spectrum of tourist attractions: museums, parks, historical buildings, residential areas (e.g.

Beverley Hills), shipyards, slums, garbage dumps (examples of the negative sides of tourism), ways of transport (tunnels, canals, bridges), business quarters, markets, population groups (e.g. Amish people). Melchett, Sonia 1991. Black Me Analysis. Passionate Quests: Five Modern Women Travellers . Critical. London. Heinemann. Mersmann, Arndt. 2000. Novel Topographies: A Spatial Reading of Sybil. In: Joachim Frenk, ed.

Spatial Change in English Literature . Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier. Disraeli's novel serves as an example for illustrating the new experiences of space created by the possibility of railroad travelling (the account is like essay based on online sites Schivelbusch 1977, see below). Black Me Analysis. Key words: mobility, speed, transportation of goods, communication, overcoming of distances, changes of landscape, gaining knowledge of director of ship different social areas. Mills, Sara. 1991. Discourses of Difference: An Analysis of Women's Travel Writing and Colonialism . London: Routledge. One of the first studies focusing on postcolonial issues from a feminist perspective (see also Ghose 1998). Extensive methodological reflections on the discourse-theoretical approach (Foucault).

Mills emphasises that travelling women should - just as men - be viewed in the context of an imperialist ideology, yet they deal with it differently ( double-voiced discourse ). Mills provides a research report on travel literature and remarks on the previous neglect of female travellers. Like Essay. There are three case studies: Mary Kingsley, Alexandra David-Neel, Nina Mazuchelli. Morris, Mary. 1992. Women and Journeys: Inner and Outer. In: Michael Kowalewski, ed. Temperamental Journeys: Essays on the Modern Literature of thesis writing activity Travel . Athens: The University of Georgia Press. Like. 25-32.

Morris characterises female travelling and travel writing from her own perspective. Two types of travel plots are possible for women authors: either waiting for the stranger at home or searching for the strange abroad. Morris discusses women's inclination to thesis writing enter a dialogic relationship with the foreign country, to bring in their own perception. Women prefer travelling in company, they are often in need of male protection. On the whole the study draws a somewhat simplistic picture of travelling women. Pelz, Annegret. 1993. Reisen durch die eigene Fremde: Reiseliteratur von Frauen als autobiographische Schriften . Köln: Böhlau. Pfister, Manfred. 1993.

Intertextuelles Reisen, oder: Der Reisebericht als Intertext. In: Herbert Foltinek, Wolfgang Riehle Waldemar Zacharasiewicz, eds. Like Essay. Tales and 'their telling difference': Zur Theorie und Geschichte der Narrativik . Festschrift Franz K. Stanzel. Heidelberg: Winter. The article refutes the myth of authenticity and shows the manifold intertextual networks of travel literature. Typology of intertextuality in 14 chapter, travel literature. Repressed and negated intertextuality (blurring of intertextual tracks; search for new, non-verbalised spaces), compiled intertextuality (excerpting travel guides and reports), homage paying intertextuality (visiting cult-places and quoting authorities), dialogic function of intertextuality (discussion of former travel traditions). Pfister, Manfred Indira Ghose. 1996. Still Going Strong: The Loneliness of the Long Distance Traveller in Modern Travel Writing. Journal for the Study of me analysis British Culture 3.2: 149-163.

Pratt, Marie Louise. 1992. Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation . Research. London: Routledge. Postcolonial approach. Deals with travel literature on South America and Africa 1750-1980. Shows different types of relations between two cultures: co-presence ( contact zone ), dominance of the conqueror's perspective ( colonial frontier ), seemingly innocent stance of the conqueror ( anti-conquest ), assimilation of the conquered ( autoethnographic ). An imperialistic attitude of conquest can also be expressed within Europe, e.g. through arrogance towards the stranger or through mental appropriation.

Pratt includes rhetorical devices of imperialistic tendencies in travel literature: epithets and similes referring to the traveller's own country, aesthetisation of landscape according to native categories, elevated position with panoramic view, self-revaluation caused by a joy for discovery, exploiting the like me analysis knowledge of the native guide. Quadflieg, Helga. 2000. Research. Kleine Fluchten: Isabella Bird und ihre Reisen nach Amerika. In: Querelles: Jahrbuch für Frauenforschung 2000. (Vol. 5: Grenzgängerinnen des moralischen Geschlechts ). Stuttgart: Metzler. 110-123. Like. A case study of some of Isabella Bird's travel writings. Thesis Activity. Illustrates the double bind of the female traveller in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century: tension between conventionality and freedom, affirmation and subversion of existing norms (see also Forster 1990: Frederick, ed.

1991). Robinson, Jane. 1990. Wayward Women: A Guide to Women Travellers . Oxford: Oxford UP. A bibliography of women's travel writing listing approx. 400 authors. Entries contain brief biographical sketches, key words and synopses. Essay. Robinson provides bibliographical access to a comprehensive corpus of texts, and thereby enables further research on critical essays james female travel literature. Russel, Mary. [1986] 1996. The Blessings of a Good Thick Skirt: Women Travellers and Their World. London: Flamingo.

Said, Edward. 1983. Orientalism . New York: Random House. Schabert, Ina. 1997. Reisebücher: Die Frau in der Fremde. In: Ina Schabert. Englische Literaturgeschichte aus der Sicht der Geschlechterforschung . Stuttgart: Kröner. 589-597.

Schäffter, Ortfried, ed. 1991. Das Fremde: Erfahrungsmöglichkeiten zwischen Faszination und Bedrohung . Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag. Schaff, Barbara. 1999. Gendered Cities: Italienische Städte im Blick britischer Reisender. In: Andreas Mahler, ed. Allegorie, Mimesis, Imagination . Heidelberg: Winter. 173-196. Schaff discusses the textuality of cities and their literary representation with respect to the different perspectives of male and female authors/characters. Examples: phallic conception of Florence as cultural space of masculinity (Lawrence), Venice as art-trophy (Ruskin) or as embodiment of the archetypal mother (Byron); Rome as unapproachable (for Dorothea in Middlemarch ), or as a symbol of triumphant conquest (Felicia Hemans).

Schivelbusch, Wolfgang. 1977. Geschichte der Eisenbahnreise. Zur Industrialisierung von Raum und Zeit im 19. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt/M: Fischer. Authoritative study on travelling by railroad. Focuses on: development of railway traffic in England, on the continent and in North America; the railroad's peculiarities as a means of public transport and merchandise transportation; the change of the experience of space and time; economic, social and cultural aspects; Schivelbusch presents a (somewhat one-sided) critique of civilisation (alienation from nature).

Schülting, Sabine. Essay. 1997. Wilde Frauen, Femde Welten: Kolonisierungsgeschichten aus Amerika . Reinbek: Rowohlt. Stannard, Martin. 1982. Debunking the biology research Jungle: The Context of Evelyn Waugh's Travel Books 1930-9. Black Like Essay. Prose Studies 5.1 (Special Issue The Art of Travel: Essays on Travel Writing ): 105-126. Stevenson, Catherine Barnes. Essays. 1982. Victorian Women Travel Writers in Africa . Boston: Twayne.

Schwarze, Hans-Wilhelm. 1982. Ereignisse, Zeit und Raum, Sprechsituationen in narrativen Texten. In: Hans-Werner Ludwig, ed. Arbeitsbuch Romananalyse: Eine Einführung . Tübingen: Narr. 145-188. [esp. 170-174] Tinling, Marion.

1989. Woman into the Unknown: A Sourcebook on Women Explorers and Travelers . New York: Greenwood Press. Veit, Karin. 1997. Journey and Gender - Diversity of Travel Writing. In: Susanne Fender, ed. Feminist Contributions to the Literary Canon: Setting Standards of Taste . Leviston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press.

107-138. Veit examines gender-specific aspects of travelling and travel writing. Cites examples of women writers blurring the black like me analysis essay gender boundaries, i.e. exemplary travel texts depicting women who break away from essay, their conventional female role. Examples of gender-specific discourses: the journey of Ella Maillart and me analysis essay, Peter Fleming from Peking through the biology Chinese province Sianking to me analysis essay Cashmere is told in essay for the breadwinner, two different texts (1936) representing a female and a male version; further examples are the two journeys to black like me analysis essay Russia undertaken by Susan Richards and Christopher Hope at the same time (1990). Writing Sites. Veit's analysis confirms gender stereotypes, but also illustrates the double-voiced discourse of female travellers in their writings.

Würzbach, Natascha. Black Essay. 2001. Erzählter Raum: fiktionaler Baustein, kultureller Sinnträger, Ausdruck der Geschlechterordnung. In: Jörg Helbig, ed. Erzählen und Erzähltheorie im 20. Jahrhundert: Festschrift für Wilhelm Füger . Heidelberg: Winter. 105-129. Article covers the state of research on sites the phenomenon of literary space. Approaches: narratology, phenomenology, psychoanalysis, social geography, structuralism, semiotics of culture, deconstruction, cultural history, and gender studies.

Introduces categories of conceptions and typologies of black like essay space. Thesis Writing Activity. Points of black essay special consideration: semantization of breadwinner space, reference to the subject, the body, movement in space and its function as a reader's guide. Provides literary examples. Essay collection on black the socio-cultural context of modernism. Focuses on literature and art in their relation to society.

Considers a multitude of for the breadwinner aspects: mass culture, literary criticism, poetry, the black like novel (also: popular fiction), drama, forms of articles publication, radio, cinema, popular music and fine arts. Felski, Rita. 1995. The Gender of essay Modernity . Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard UP. Study on gender and modernity, proceeding from cultural theory and cultural history. Considers different discourses: philosophy, history, natural sciences, psychology, sexology, social history, conditions of publication. Focus on one author: Marie Corelli. Harris, Jose. Essay Breadwinner. 1994.

Private Lives and Public Spirit: Britain 1870-1914 . Harmondsworth: Penguin. Study proceeding from black me analysis essay, social history. Writing Sites. Key words: demography, family, property, profession, religion, society and state, social theories. Keating, Peter. 1989. The Haunted Study: A Social History of the English Novel 1875-1914 . Like Essay. London: Secker Warburg. Kern, Stephen. 1983.

The Culture of Time and Space, 1880-1918 . Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP. Lewis, Jane, Ed. 1986. Labour and Love: Women's Experience of Home and Family, 1850-1940 . Oxford: Blackwell. Study on women's social history between 1850 and 1940. Deals with the thesis activity usual topics: childhood, marriage, motherhood, class differences. Lucas, John. 1997. The Radical Twenties.

Aspects of Writing, Politics and Culture. Black. Nottingham: Five Leaves. Study on the 1920s as a time of radical change, proceeding from cultural theory. Points out several aspects of society and discusses them in terms of their radicality: Effects of World War I on the public consciousness, socialism, women question, sexual liberation, drugs, music culture (jazz as decadent), dance (dance orgies, modern dance), mass culture (journals). Detailed discussion of novels (also by female authors). McFarlane, Barbara. 1984. Homes for Heroines. Housing in the Twenties.

In: Making Space. Women and the Man-Made Environment . Writing Activity. London: Pluto Press. 26-36. Social history: women-centred housing. Mowat, John Loch. 1955. Britain Between the Wars 1918-1940 . London: Methuen. Nicholls, Peter.

1995. Modernisms. A Literary Guide . London: Macmillan. Study on the time between the black like me analysis two World Wars: the activity 'Roaring Twenties' and the social consciousness in the 1930s (socialism, marxism, Spanish civil war, pacifism). Further key words: Fashion (the androgynous style of the flapper), architecture and mass media. Oldfield, Sybil, ed. Black Me Analysis Essay. 1994. This Working-Day World: Women's Lives and Culture(s) in Britain 1914-1945. London: Taylor Francis. Essay collection on social history.

Centred on women's history, introduces several women's groups. Key words: Divorce laws, motherhood. Women's rights to gospel john work between the wars, elementary school teachers. Suffragettes. Pacifist movement. Fascism. Essay. Female artists. On Henry James. Winter, J.M.

1985. The Great War and me analysis, the British People . Activity. Basingstoke London: Macmillan. Demographic study on World War I, proceeding from social history. Key words: war and black, loss, people's health, standards of living, efforts to increase birthrates, female surplus. Criticism: the study hardly considers women's situations and perspectives. 14 Chapter Essay. Study on female experience of the two World Wars. Special focus: women and profession. Restraining of women from working in the time between the wars. Essay. Study provides detailed historical evidence: thoroughly investigated. Byles, Joan Montgomery. 1985.

Women's Experience of World War I: Suffragists, Pacifists and Poets. Women's Studies International Forum 8.5: 473-487. Article on director of ship the suffrage movement in the context of World War I. Key words: division - militarist suffragettes vs. Like. pacifist suffragettes. Example: conflict between Emmeline and Sylvia Pankhurst. Textual material: war poetry by women. Dyhouse, Carol. 1989. Feminism and the Family in England 1880-1939 . London: Blackwell. Study on family and marriage from a women-centred perspective. Textual material: basically (auto)biography, but also some novels. Activity. Felski, Rita.

1995. The Gender of Modernity . Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard UP. Study on gender and modernity, proceeding from cultural theory and cultural history. Considers different discourses: philosophy, history, natural sciences, psychology, sexology, social history, conditions of publication. Focus on one author: Marie Corelli. Gardner, Viv Susan Rutherford, eds. 1992.

The New Woman And Her Sisters: Feminism And Theatre 1850-1914 . Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Like Me Analysis. Gardiner, Juliet, ed. 1993. Women's Voices 1880-1918: The New Woman. Online Creative Writing Sites. London: Collins Brown.

Essay collection on literary representations of the New Woman. Analysis is not limited to black like me analysis essay the genre of the online creative writing New Woman novel , covers a wide range of textual examples: poetry, drama, travel literature, letters and other cultural-historical documents. Deals with established and less established writers. Horn, Pamela. 1995. Women in the 1920s . Stroud: Alan Sutton Publishing. Lewis, Jane, ed. 1986. Labour and Love: Women's Experience of Home and like me analysis essay, Family, 1850-1940 . Oxford: Blackwell. Essay collection on women's social history between 1850 and 1940. Deals with the usual topics: childhood, marriage, motherhood, class differences.

McFarlane, Barbara. 1984. Homes for Heroines. Housing in the Twenties. In: Making Space. Women and the Man-Made Environment . London: Pluto Press. 26-36. Social history: women-centred housing. Oldfield, Sybil, ed. 1994.

This Working-Day World: Women's Lives and Culture(s) in questions for the breadwinner, Britain 1914-1945. London: Taylor Francis. Essay collection on social history. Centred on women's history, introduces several women's groups. Key words: Divorce laws, motherhood. Women's rights to work between the wars, elementary school teachers. Suffragettes. Pacifist movement. Fascism. Female artists. Ouditt, Sharon.

1994. Fighting Forces, Writing Women: Identity and Ideology in the First World War . London New York: Routledge. Study on women and World War I. Starts out focusing on a description of women at work (medical duty, agricultural work, work in munitions factories). Continues to approach the topic by looking at different texts: magazines, autobiographies and novels (partly popular literature). Literature (fictional and non-fictional) is black like granted a major role in thesis activity, this context. Areas of discussion: images of women: stereotypical Red Cross Nurse (active role of hero, yet female) - the ordinary housewife at the home front as angel in the house in black like me analysis essay, war literature. Director. Critical reflection on the war and women's roles in postwar fiction. Image of the mother as a preserver of life. Feminist pacifism. The shock experience of war and black like me analysis, the temporary allocation of roles as a danger to identity.

Discussion of the influence of World War I on society and literature as part of modernism. Writing Activity. Bataille, Georges. Like Essay. 1994. Die Erotik , ed. G. Bergfleth. James. München. Benthien, Claudia. 1999. Haut: Literaturgeschichte, Körperbilder, Grenzdiskurse . Me Analysis Essay. Reinbek b. Hamburg: Rowohlt. Benthien, Claudia Irmela Marei Krüger-Fürhoff, eds. 1999. Über Grenzen: Limitation und Transgression in Literatur und Ästhetik . Stuttgart, Weimar: Metzler.

Bordo, Susan. 1993. Unbearable Weight: Feminism, Western Culture, and the Body . Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. Online. Breger, Claudia Tobias Döring, eds. 1998. Figuren des/der Dritten: Erkundungen kultureller Zwischenräume . Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi. Butler, Judith. 1990. Me Analysis. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity.

New York, London: Routledge. de Lauretis, Teresa. 1990. Creative. Eccentric Subjects: Feminist Theory and Historical Consciousness. Feminist Studies 16.1: 115-150. Dollimore, Jonathan. 1992. The Dominant and the Deviant: A Violent Dialectic.

In:ed. Wayne R. Me Analysis. Dynes Stephen Donaldson, eds. Homosexual Themes in gospel, Literary Studies . New York: Garland. 87-100. Douglas, Mary. [1966] 1984. Me Analysis. Purity and Danger: An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution and Taboo . London, etc.: Ark.

Doyle, Laura. 1994. Bordering on the Body: The Radical Matrix of Modern Fiction and Culture . New York, Oxford: Oxford UP. Durkheim, Emile. [1893] 1996. Über soziale Arbeitsteilung. Studie über die Organisation höherer Gesellschaften. Frankfurt/M. Dreitzel, H.P. 1972.

Die gesellschaftlichen Leiden und das Leiden an der Gesellschaft: Vorstudien zu einer Pathologie des Rollenverhaltens . Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke. Questions For The. Febvre, Lucien. 1990. 'Frontière - Wort und Bedeutung. In: Lucien Febvre. Das Gewissen des Historikers . Frankfurt/M. 27-36. Ferguson, Russell, Martha Gever, Trinh T. Minh-ha Cornel West, eds. Me Analysis. 1990. Out There: Marginalization and Contemporary Cultures. New York: The New Museum of Contemporary Art Cambridge/Mass., London: The MIT Press.

Finke, Laurie. 1986. The Rhetoric of Marginality: Why I Do Feminist Theory. Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature 5.2: 251-72. Foucault, Michel. Molecular Biology Research. [1963] 1988. Zum Begriff der Übertretung. In: Michel Foucault. Schriften zur Literatur . Frankfurt/M.: Fischer. 69-89. Freud, Sigmund. [1919] 1994.

Das Unheimliche. In: Sigmund Freud. Black Like. Studienausgabe IV, Psychologische Schriften, ed. Online Sites. Alexander Mitscherlich et al. Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. 241-274. Gregg, John. 1994. Maurice Blanchot and the Literature of Transgression. Princeton/New Jersey: Princeton UP.

Hohnsträter, Dirk. 1999. Im Zwischenraum. Ein Lob des Grenzgängers. In: Claudia Benthien Irmela Marei Krüger-Fürhoff, eds.

1999. Über Grenzen: Limitation und Transgression in Literatur und Ästhetik . Stuttgart, Weimar: Metzler. 231-244. Jervis, John. 1999. Transgressing the Modern: Explorations in the Western Experience of Otherness . Oxford: Blackwell. Koschorke, Albrecht. 1990.

Die Geschichte des Horizonts: Grenze und Grenzüberschreitung in literarischen Landschaftsbildern . Like Me Analysis Essay. Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Kristeva, Julia. 1980. Powers of Horror. Of Theseus. An Essay on Abjection . New York, London: Routledge. Sargisson, Lucy. 2000.

Utopian Bodies and the Politics of Transgression. London, etc.: Routledge. Me Analysis. Shildrick, Margrit, Janet Price. 1999. Openings on the Body: A Critical Introduction. In: Janet Price Margrit Shildrick, eds.

Feminist Theory and the Body: A Reader . Writing Sites. New York: Routledge. 1-14. Essay. Shildrick, Margrit. 1997. Leaky Bodies and Boundaries. Feminism, Postmodernism and breadwinner, (Bio)Ethics . London, New York: Routledge. Showalter, Elaine. 1985. Feminist Criticism in the Wilderness.

In: Elaine Showalter, ed. The New Feminist Criticism: Essays on Women, Literature and Theory . London: Virago, 243-270. Stallybrass, Peter Allan White, eds. 1986. The Politics and Poetics of Transgression . London: Methuen. Stevens, Hugh. Me Analysis Essay. 2000. Thesis Writing. Introduction: Modernism and its Margins. In: Hugh Stevens Caroline Howlett, eds.

Modernist Sexualities . Like Essay. Manchester, New York: Manchester University Press, 1-12. Turner, Victor. 1967. Betwixt and Between: The Liminal Period in Rites de Passage . In: Victor Turner. The Forest of Symbols . New York: Cornell UP. Van Gennep, Arnold. [1908] 1960. The Rites of Passage , trans.

M.B. Research Articles. Vizedom, G.L. Like Me Analysis. Caffee. Chicago: U of Chicago P. Weigel, Sigrid. 1990. Rekonstruktion und Relektüre: Die Arbeit von Frauen in der Literaturwissenschaft als Teil weiblicher Kulturkritik. In: Sigrid Weigel.

Topographien der Geschlechter: Kulturgeschichtliche Studien zur Literatur . Essay Questions. Reinbek b. Hamburg: Rowohlt. 252-263. Butler, Judith. 1993. Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of 'Sex' . New York London: Routledge. Diprose, Ros. 1994. The Bodies of Women: Ethics, Embodiment and Sexual Difference. London: Routledge. Foucault, Michel. 1992.

Sexualität und Wahrheit 1: Der Wille zum Wissen. 6th ed. Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Foucault, Michel. 1994. Überwachen und Strafen: Die Geburt des Gefängnisses . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Foucault, Michel. 1998. Über Hermaphrodismus: Der Fall Barbin , ed. Wolfgang Schäffner Joseph Vogl.

Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Grosz, Elizabeth. Black Like Me Analysis Essay. 1994. Volatile Bodies: Toward a Corporeal Feminism. Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana UP. On Henry James. Haraway, Donna. 1991.

The Promises of Monsters: A Regenerative Politics for Inappropriate/d Others. In: L. Grossberg, C. Nelson, P. Treichler, eds. Cultural Studies. London: Routledge. Herdt, Gilbert, ed. 1994.

Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History . New York: Zone Books. Horner, Avril Angela Keane. 2000. Body Matters: Feminism, Textuality, Corporeality. Manchester, New York: Manchester UP. Hurley, Kelly. 1996. The Gothic Body: Sexuality, Materialism, and Degeneration of the Fin de Siècle. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Jacobus, Mary, Evelyn Fox Keller Sally Shuttleworth, eds.

1990. Body/Politics: Women and the Discourses of Science. New York London: Routledge. Laqueur, Thomas. 1992. Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to like essay Freud . Cambridge/Mass., London: Harvard UP. Price, Janet Margrit Shildrick, eds. 1999. Feminist Theory and the Body: A Reader . New York: Routledge.

Sargisson, Lucy. 2000. Utopian Bodies and the Politics of Transgression. London, etc.: Routledge. Shildrick, Margrit. Molecular Biology Research Articles. 1997. Leaky Bodies and Boundaries: Feminism, Postmodernism, and (Bio)Ethics . London: Routledge. Terry, Jennifer Jacqueline Urla, eds. 1995. Deviant Bodies . Bloomington: Indiana UP.

Brooks, J.A. Me Analysis Essay. 1982. Ghosts of London: The East End, City, and North. Norwich: Jarrold. Dinzelbacher, Peter, ed. 1993. Europäische Mentalitätsgeschichte: Hauptthemen in Einzeldarstellungen . Stuttgart: Kröner. Essay collection on different experiences of essay for the breadwinner space from antiquity up to the present. Black Me Analysis. Approach: history of mentality. Key words: experience of space as social, geographic, and cultural (fields of interest: religion, architecture etc.).

Space and aspects of questions breadwinner conquering and opening up (of new rooms). Cyberspace. Foucault, Michel. 1992. Andere Räume. Me Analysis Essay. In: Karlheinz Bark et al., eds. Aisthesis: Wahrnehmung heute oder Perspektiven einer anderen Ästhetik . Reclam: Leipzig. 34-46. Article on director space and black like me analysis, otherness. Difference between normal and deviant spaces.

Key words: heterotopias (hospitals, psychiatric clinics, prisons. ); spatial symbolism and history of critical essays on henry mentality. Frenk, Joachim, ed. 2000. Spatial Change in English Literature . Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier. Aufsatzsammlung. Mentalitätsgeschichtlich bedingter Wandel von Raumvorstellungen in der englischen Literaturgeschichte. Besonderes Interesse der Postmoderne am Raum (Sozialgeographie, Kolonialismus, Datenflüsse um den Erdball, Cyberspace.) Fryer, Judith. 1984. Women and Space. The Flowering of Desire. In: Prospects: An Annual of American Cultural Studies . 187-230.

Study on gendered concepts of space in black like me analysis essay, architecture, housing and narrative fiction from the turn of the century up to the 1930s based on essay questions for the breadwinner social geography. Contains writings on architecture and feminist reform efforts. Grosz, Elizabeth. 1995. Space, Time and Perversion. Essays on the Politics of black Bodies . London: Routledge. (esp.

103-124) Hauser, Susanne. Essays On Henry James. 1990. Der Blick auf die Stadt: Semiotische Untersuchungen zur literarischen Wahrnehmung bis 1910 . Berlin: Dietrich Reimer. Semiotic studies on like me analysis literary perceptions of urban spaces. Key words: perception of space in general. Basic patterns of the experience of city space (multi-stimulation, processes of selection. ). Culturally variable navigation of perception (closely connected with aspects of value judgements).

Higonnet, Margaret R. Joan Templeton, eds. 1994. Reconfigured Spheres: Feminist Explorations of Literary Space . Amherst: University of Mass. Press. Essay collection. Critical On Henry James. Provides different perspectives on the feminist relevance of space: Historical, multi-cultural, metaphorical. Key words: Symbolic representative functions of space in like essay, texts. Marginalisation, transgression of boundaries, role of clothing, ghettoisation of feminist literary criticism. Hubrath, Margarete, ed. 2001.

Geschlechterräume: Konstruktionen von gender in Geschichte, Literatur und Alltag . Köln: Böhlau. Kern, Stephen. 1983. The Culture of Time and Space 1880 1918 . Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP. Study on modernist concepts of time and space.

Documents historical changes of spatial concepts in modernity. Key words: Subjectivity, categorisation according to different ways of perception (visual, acoustic, tactual etc.) Microscopic space. Art (cubism, impressionism) and sculpture. Film (rapid change of pictures and creative, scenes). Heterogeneous space. Plurality of stance, multi-perspectivity. Changes of like me analysis attitude. Space as designable matter (magnetic fields, architecture, artificial lighting). Critical On Henry. Expansion and black essay, reduction of geographical space (expeditions, public and private transport, aviation). Urban spaces. Psychoanalysis (mental rooms of the interior, stream of consciousness).

Kursbuch Stadt. Stadtleben und Stadtkultur an der Jahrtausendwende. 1999 . Redaktion Stefan Bollmann. Stuttgart: DVA. Läpple, Dieter. 1991. Of Ship Of Theseus. Gesellschaftszentriertes Raumkonzept: Zur Überwindung von physikalisch-mathematischen Raumauffassungen in der Gesellschaftsanalyse. In: Martin Wentz, ed. Stadt-Räume . Frankfurt/M.: Campus. 35-46. Theoretical essay on different natures of space: Human-centred concepts of space vs. scientific concepts of space.

Lefèbvre, Henri. 1972. Die Revolution der Städte. Black Like Me Analysis Essay. München: List. Critical Essays On Henry James. McFarlane, Barbara. 1984. Homes for Heroines. Housing in the Twenties. In: Making Space.

Women and the Man-Made Environment . London: Pluto Press. 26-36. Social history: women-centred housing. Nowel, Ingrid. 1998. London: Biographie einer Weltstadt. Architektur und Kunst, Geschichte und Literatur.

Köln: Dumont. Shaffer, Elinor S., ed. 1996. Spaces: Cities, Gardens and Wilderness . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Sharpe, William 1986. Feminizing the me analysis essay Urban World. Urban Resources 3.2: 55-57. Schivelbusch, Wolfgang.

1979. Geschichte der Eisenbahnreise. Zur Industrialisierung von Raum und Zeit im 19. Jahrhundert . Frankfurt/M.: Ullstein. Sites. Historical study on space and like essay, time in 14 chapter gospel john, the 19th century related to the development of the essay railway as a means of travel and transport. Its influence on molecular biology articles the perception of space and black like me analysis essay, time. (Germany, England, USA). Sennett, Richard. 1994. Flesh and Stone: The Body and the City in Western Civilization . New York London: W.W. Director. Norton.

Study on space and bodily experience. Black Me Analysis. Key words: sensory perception, movements, analogies of city and body, allocation of meaning to certain areas (public, private etc.), historical change of cities, interior rooms, increasing dimension of the private in interior rooms. Weigel, Sigrid. 1983. Topographien der Geschlechter: Kulturgeschichtliche Studien zur Literatur . Reinbek: Rowohlt. Study on director of ship gender topographies and literature.

Cultural-historical approach. Considers space: female allegorization of the city. Weinreb, Ben Christopher Hibbert. 1983. The London Encyclopaedia. London: Macmillan. Collection of essays, proceeding from cultural theory. Social space is defined by rules of black like behaviour, moral concepts, interests, objectives and class. It is therefore relevant for questions of gender identity. Key words: setting and transgression of boundaries; domains of power; imaginary space in literature and utopia.

Bell, David Gill Valentine, eds. 1995. Mapping Desire: Geographies and Sexuality . London: Routledge. Molecular Biology Research Articles. Collection of essays, proceeding from black like, social geography. Key words: connection of space and different facets of identity formation (personal, professional and sexual). Questions of the body. Urban spaces. Power relations connected with space. Benko, Georges Ulf Stohmeyer, eds. 1997. Space and Social Theory: Interpreting Modernity and Postmodernity . Oxford.

Blackwell. Collection of essays. Approach: deconstructivist social geography - social space as a linguistic construct to be newly developed over and over by the individual. Molecular Biology. Key words: Blurring of boundaries between mental and empirical spaces; spatial symbolism (described from a constructivist background and not from the usual arguments of social history or history of mentality). Duncan, Nancy, ed. 1996. Bodyspace: Destabilizing Geographies of Gender and Sexuality. London: Routledge. Essay collection on space, gender and sexuality.

Approach: social geography. Key words: territories. Boundaries: blurring of boundaries, transgression of boundaries. Domains of power concerning questions of gender identity and deviation from gender norms. Duncan, Nancy.

1996. Renegotiating Gender and black essay, Sexuality in Public and Private Spaces. In: Nancy Duncan, ed. Bodyspace: Destabilizing Geographies of Gender and Sexuality. London: Routledge. 127-145.

Article on spaces of 14 chapter home and family. Key words: homosexuality (male and female); prostitution. MacDowell, Linda. 1996. Spatializing Feminism. Geographic Perspectives. In: Nancy Duncan, ed.

Bodyspace: Destabilizing Geographies of Gender and Sexuality. London: Routledge. 28-44. Article on a feminism and space. Approach: deconstructivist social geography. Black Like Me Analysis. Key words: socially conditioned and sites, designed space, processes of black me analysis placement, boundaries, centres and margins, changes of place and transgression of for the breadwinner boundaries, space and identity.

Reference to gender relations. Natter, Wolfgang John Paul Jones III. Black Me Analysis. 1997. Identity, Space, and Other Uncertainties. In: Georges Benko Ulf Stohmeyer, eds. Space and Social Theory: Interpreting Modernity and Postmodernity . Molecular Articles. Oxford. Blackwell. 141-161. Article on the volatile nature of black me analysis essay space and identity. Approach.

Deconstructivist social geography. Conception of space adapted from the online writing conception of subject. Constructivity and contingency of discursive concepts as means of black like me analysis social change. Pfeil, Elisabeth. 1972. Großstadtforschung: Entwicklung und gegenwärtiger Stand. Hannover: Jänecke. Rose, Gillian. 1996.

Masculine Dwelling, Masculine Theory and Feminist Masquerade. In: Nancy Duncan, ed. Bodyspace: Destabilizing Geographies of Gender and Sexuality. London: Routledge. 56-74. Article on space and gender.

Approach: Deconstructivist social geography. Space as projection: imagined emotions and actual design of space. Concept of masquerade grounds on Luce Irigaray. Spain, Daphne. 1992. Gendered Spaces . Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. Study on space as a relevant factor for gospel john, status and gender, proceeding from social geography. Gender-specific segregation (architecture, territorization of me analysis essay public spaces) Provides examples from different ethnic cultures.

Authoritative text on spatial symbolism. Director Of Ship Of Theseus. Key words: archetypical spaces and their meaning in depth psychology: psychological dimension of places like 'house', 'shell' 'box', etc. Universalist allocation of meaning. Barta, Peter I. 1990. The Treatment of the Fourth Dimension in the Modernist City Novel. Black Like Essay. In: Roger Bauer et al., eds. Space and essays, Boundaries/Espace et Frontières: Proceedings of the XIIth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du XIIe Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée , Vol. 3. München: iudicum. 310-315. Essay on black like essay the modernist city novel . Key words: the fourth dimension, i.e. the representation of space as a major constituent of the integrative textual structure.

Space and identity. Becker, Claudia. Molecular Biology Articles. 1990. Like Essay. Zur Interiorisierung der Raumsymbolik in der Literatur der Moderne. In: Roger Bauer et al., eds. Space and Boundaries/Espace et Frontières: Proceedings of the 14 chapter XIIth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du XIIe Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée , Vol. 3. München: iudicum. 281-287. Study deals with modernist tendencies of internalization: depiction of different spaces of the interior (factual and psychological ones). Berghahn, Daniela. 1988.

Raumdarstellung im englischen Roman der Moderne . Frankfurt/M.: Peter Lang. Authoritative text on literary representations of space in the avant-gardist modernist novel. Key words: Subjectivity, integration of space in stream of consciousness; selectivity of perception and black like, representation, processes of fragmentarization, montage as technique to depict space; associative spaces; spatial symbolism; interdisciplinary analogies (literature and art: impressionism, cubism); provides an writing analysis of Henry James The Ambassadors , Joseph Conrad Nostromo , Ford Madox Ford The Good Soldier , D.H. Lawrence Women in black me analysis essay, Love , James Joyce Ulysses , E.M. Forster A Passage To India , and Virginia Woolf To the Lighthouse . Breuner, Michael. 1991. Hunger for Place: Studien zur Raumdarstellung im London-Roman seit 1940 . Frankfurt/M.: Peter Lang.

Study on the London Novel after 1940. Key words: literary appropriation of the city. Space and gospel john, subjectivity: subjective perceptions and formations of space (philosophical basis: see Ströker, psychological basis: see Minkowski). Archetypical aspects of space. Criticism: terminologically imprecise, appears rather essayistic. Bronfen, Elisabeth. 1986. Der literarische Raum: Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel von Dorothy M. Richardsons Romanzyklus Pilgrimage. Tübingen: Niemeyer. Study on literary space in the work of Dorothy Richardson.

Approach: phenomenological (compare Ströker and Hoffmann) and black like essay, structuralist (compare Lotman). Key words: subjectivity of spatial perception in streams of consciousness. Metaphorical space (additional symbolism) vs. space which can be physically entered. Space and identity. Spatial textual structures. Drabble, Margaret. 1979. A Writer's Britain: Landscape in Literature. Photographed by Jorge Lewinski. London: Thames Hudson.

Ecker, Gisela. 1995. For The Breadwinner. Allegorical Gardens of black me analysis essay Desire in Modernity: A Gendered Perspective. In: Susan C. Scott, ed. The Art of Interpreting . University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University. 260-292. Allocations of meaning to the garden based on depth psychology. Gender-specific dimensions of the garden: a place of solitude and creative writing sites, expansion of consciousness for women - a place of maternal security for men. Epstein-Nor, Deborah. 1991. The Urban Peripatetic: Spectator, Streetwalker, Woman Writer.

Nineteenth Century Literature 46.3: 351-375. Fludernik, Monika. 1999. Carceral Topography: Spatiality, Liminality and Corporeality in the Literary Prison. Textual Practice 13.1: 43-77.

Article on space and identity. Key words: boundaries; identity formation; spatial symbolism. Provides examples of texts. Füger, Wilhelm. Black Like Essay. 1984. Streifzüge durch Allotopia: Zur Topographie eines fiktionalen Gestaltungsraums. Anglia 102.3,4: 349-391.

Article on space in the utopian genre. Hillebrand, Bruno von. 1975. Poetischer, philosophischer, mathematischer Raum. In: Alexander Ritter, ed. Landschaft und Raum in der Erzählkunst . Darmstadt: WBG. 417-463. Article on different spaces: geometrical space vs. textual space.

Narratological perspective on spatial representation (narratological background of the 1970s). Hoffmann, Gerhard. 14 Chapter Essay John. 1978. Raum, Situation, erzählte Wirklichkeit . Black Like Me Analysis Essay. Poetologische und historische Studien zum englischen und amerikanischen Roman. Stuttgart: Metzler. Authoritative text on narrative representation of space.

Approach: phenomenological, structuralist and semantic. Key words: different facets of space, i.e. visional space, space of action, atmospheric space (Ströker). Typology of of ship narrated space based on black like essay subjectivity and literary devices: curious space, grotesque space, gothic space etc. Allocation of meaning to space. Archetypal space, forms of representation: panoramic space, tableau, scene. Hubrath, Margarete, ed. 2001. Geschlechterräume: Konstruktionen von gender in Geschichte, Literatur und Alltag . Köln: Böhlau.

Hunt, John Dixon. 1996. Paragone in Paradise: Translating the Garden. In: Elinor S. Shaffer, ed. Spaces: Cities, Gardens and Wilderness . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. 55-70. Article on garden symbolism. Depicts the writing garden as a paradox combining nature with culture, preservation of the fleeting and the fragile.

Jäger, Dietrich. 1998. Erzählte Räume. Studien zur Phänomenologie der epischen Geschehensumwelt . Like Me Analysis Essay. Würzburg: Könighausen Naumann. Study on the phenomenology of narrative environments of action. Textual examples (predominantly German, but also some English) are viewed as variants of mimesis. Criticism: terminology is imprecise and unsystematic, generally not up to online creative writing the contemporary level of research. Kilian, Eveline. 2002.

Exploring London. Walking the City - (Re)Writing the City. In: Hartmut Berghoff, Barbara Korte Ralf Schneider, eds. The Making of Modern Tourism: The Cultural History of the British Experience, 1600 to 2000 . London: Palgrave. 267-283. Klarer, Mario. Black Me Analysis Essay. 1995. Simultaneity and writing activity, Gender in me analysis essay, Modernist Discourses. Thesis Activity. In: Near Encounters: Festschrift für Richard Martin . Frankfurt/M.: Peter Lang. Interdisciplinary article on the phenomenon of simultaneity and its implications concerning space and gender. Simultaneity as spatially represented in the novel as well as in modernist paintings.

Androgynity as a form of simultaneity. Klein, Holger. 1990. Exploring Place and Space in Drama and in Fiction. Me Analysis. In: Roger Bauer et al., eds. Space and Boundaries/Espace et Frontières: Proceedings of the XIIth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du XIIe Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée , Vol. 3. München: iudicum. Thesis Writing Activity. 174-181. Genre-theoretical essay on like me analysis the nature of space in drama and fiction. Different spatial representations in drama and fiction: multi-sensory display of few places on stage vs. linguistic-evocative display of many places in narrative texts. Klotz, Volker.

1969. Die erzählte Stadt: Ein Sujet als Herausforderung des Romans von Lesage bis Döblin. München: Hanser. 14 Chapter Gospel. Kublitz-Kramer, Maria. 1995. Frauen auf Straßen: Topographien des Begehrens in Erzähltexten von Gegenwartsautorinnen. München: Fink. Lane, Eric. 1988. Black Like Me Analysis. A Guide to Literary London. Sawtry, Cambridgeshire: Dedalus.

Lutwack, Leonard. 1984. The Role of online creative writing Place in Literature . New York: Syracuse UP. Study on the role of space in fiction. Contains multiple aspects of analysis. Key words: literary coining of space (topoi). Genre-specific variants. Space imagery (spatial allegories, spatial symbols). Expansion and movement.

Time and its spatial component. Black Like. Characterisation through space. Historical and national particularities of space (placelessness in Modernism, wildering in American literature) Provides detailed textual evidence. On the whole rather unsystematic, yet very stimulating. Maatje, Frank C. Breadwinner. 1975.

Versuch einer Poetik des Raumes. In: Alexander Ritter, ed. Landschaft und Raum in der Erzählkunst . Black Like. Darmstadt: WBG. 392-416. Revised article on space (1st version from 1965) providing a summary of the state of discussion at the time. Refers to spatial symbolism and the phenomenon of perspective. Activity. Mahler, Andreas, ed. 1999. Stadt-Bilder: Allegorie, Mimesis, Imagination . Black Me Analysis. Heidelberg: Winter. Manley, Lawrence. 1995.

Literature and Culture in Early Modern London . 14 Chapter. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Marcus, Steven. Black. 1987. Reading the Illegible. Some Modern Representations of Urban Experience. In: William Sharpe Leonard Wallock, eds. Visions of the Modern City: Essays in History, Art, and Literature. Baltimore London: Johns Hopkins UP. 232-256. Mersmann, Arndt. 2000.

Novel Topography: A Spatial Reading of Sybil . In: Joachim Frenk, ed. Spatial Change in English Literature . Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier. 147-171. Article on writing sites the representation of space in Sybil. Analysis of the particular influence of railway traffic on black like essay the perception of space in connection with the narrative structure of the biology articles text.

Mitchel, W.J.T. 1989. Black Me Analysis. Space, Ideology, and Literary Representation. Poetics Today 10.1: 91-102. Article on space in literature. Functional representation of space: instrument of conveying ideology.

Criticism: argument not quite clear. Pratt, Annis. 1972. Women and Nature in Modern Fiction. Comparative Literature 13: 476-490. Article on space and nature in modern fiction. Key words: epiphanies in 14 chapter, natural settings (especially in novels of development), gender-specific differences in the perception of nature. Punter, David. 1979. Black Me Analysis Essay. Blake's Capital Cities.

In: P. Weston, ed. London in Literature. London: Roehampton Institute. 46-72. Reichel, Norbert. 1987. Der erzählte Raum: Zur Verflechtung von sozialem und poetischem Raum in der erzählenden Literatur . Darmstadt: WBG. Molecular Biology Research Articles. Study on the intermingling of social and like me analysis essay, poetic space. Space as bearer of meaning.

Narrative representations of space are shown in the context of a history of mentality. Ritter, Alexander, ed. 1975. Landschaft und Raum in der Erzählkunst . Darmstadt: WBG. Schaff, Barbara. 1999. Gendered Cities: Italienische Städte im Blick britischer Reisender. In: Andreas Mahler, ed. Stadt-Bilder: Allegorie, Mimesis, Imagination. Heidelberg: Winter. 173-196.

Article on of ship the gendered nature of cities. Key words: linguistic and literary conceptualization of black cities with male or female connotations, gender-specific perspectives on cities. Application of gender stereotypes to cities. Sharpe, William Leonard Wallock. 1987. From 'Great Town' to 'Nonplace Urban Realm': Reading the Modern City. In: William Sharpe Leonard Wallock, eds. Visions of the Modern City: Essays in History, Art, and molecular articles, Literature.

Baltimore London: Johns Hopkins UP. Black Like Me Analysis Essay. 1-51. Sizemore-Wick, Christine. 1989. A Female Vision of the director of ship City: London in the Novels of Five British Women . Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. Study on the city from a female perspective. City can be entered by women in the 20th century. Provides detailed analysis of novels. Smuda, Manfred, ed. 1992. Die Großstadt als Text . München: Wilhelm Fink.

Squier, Susan Merrill, ed. 1984. Women Writers and the City: Essays in Feminist Literary Criticism . Knoxville. University of Tennessee Press. Stanzel, Franz. 1990. Das Niemandsland in der englischen und deutschen Dichtung. In: Roger Bauer et al., eds. Space and Boundaries/Espace et Frontières: Proceedings of the XIIth Congress of the black essay International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du XIIe Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée , Vol.

3. München: iudicum. 219-27. Article on the connecting and separating aspects of a boundary. Example: no-man's land between the trenches during the First World War in German and English literature. Thesis Writing. Timms, Edward David Kelley, eds. 1985. Unreal City: Urban Experience in Modern European Literature and Art. Manchester: Manchester UP. Turner, James.

1979. The Politics of Landscape: Rural Scenery and Society in English Poetry 1630-1660 . Oxford: Blackwell. Study on spatial symbolism according to the poetological devices of the 17th century. Black Me Analysis. Social space and literature. Aestheticizing of topography. Methods of symbolizing and allegorizing space. Influence of landscape painting on literature in the 17th century. Twyning, John. 1998. London Dispossess: Literature and Social Space in the Early Modern City.

Basingstoke: Macmillan. On Henry James. Weigel, Sigrid. 1990. 'Die Städte sind weiblich und nur als Sieger hold': Zur Funktion des Weiblichen in Gründungsmythen und Städtedarstellungen. In: Sigrid Weigel, ed. Topographien der Geschlechter. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt. 149-189. Würzbach, Natascha. 2001.

Erzählter Raum: fiktionaler Baustein, kultureller Sinnträger, Ausdruck der Geschlechterordnung. Like. In: Jörg Helbig, ed. Erzählen und Erzähltheorie im 20. Jahrhundert: Festschrift für Wilhelm Füger . Heidelberg: Winter. Director Of Ship. 105-129.

Article covers the black like essay state of research on essay questions the phenomenon of black like essay literary space. Approaches: narratology, phenomenology, psychoanalysis, social geography, structuralism, semiotics of culture, deconstruction, cultural history, and gender studies. Introduces categories of conceptions and online creative, typologies of space. Points of essay special consideration: semantization of space, reference to the subject, the body, movement in space and its function as a reader's guide. Questions For The Breadwinner. Provides literary examples. Würzbach, Natascha. in print. Identitätskonstitution durch Raumerleben in der englischen Erzählliteratur des Modernismus. Article on the theory of subjectivity and identity.

The significance of space and body for the pre-linguistic formation of identity. Codes of like me analysis essay spatial representation. Gender-specific spatial experience and concepts of subjectivity in some modernist novels. Thesis Writing. Article is an example of the notion of text as space. Structure of text and structure of communication: intertextual, historical and psychological (semiotic and essay, symbolic) references. Kahrmann, Cordula Gunter Reiß, Manfred Schluchter. 1977. Erzähltextanalyse: Eine Einführung in essay breadwinner, Grundlagen und Verfahren . 2 vols. Like. Kronberg: Athenäum. Study on the interpretation of narrative texts. Representations of space are allocated to different textual levels of communication.

Schwarze, Hans-Wilhelm. 1982. Ereignisse, Zeit und Raum, Sprechsituationen in of ship, narrativen Texten. In: Hans-Werner Ludwig, ed. Arbeitsbuch Romananalyse: Eine Einführung . Tübingen: Narr. 145-188. [esp. 170-174] Essay collection on text analysis. Contains a brief part on the narratological description of space on the grounds of Hoffmann 1978 (see 2.3). Ronen, Rose. 1986.

Space in Fiction. Poetics Today 7: 421-438. Article on the phenomenon of space and black like essay, its characteristics in narrative texts. Study is thesis writing linguistically backed up. Categorisation of black like me analysis essay space in its relation to the perceiving and acting character (immediacy), degree of factuality. Functions of space: public and private, symbolic, means of characterisation. Integration in for the breadwinner, the spatial overall structure (topographic, semantic). Stanzel, Franz.

1979. Theorie des Erzählens . Göttingen: Vandenhoeck Ruprecht. [ch. 5.2] Study on narratology. Foci: perspectival relation of objects to each other vs. non-perspectival naming of objects. In the 20th century: priority of black me analysis perspectival representations of space: Subjectivity. John. Study on literary space and narratology.

Approach: structuralist/semiotic text analysis (Lotman). Like Me Analysis. Text as a spatial structure. Semantic functions of space: convey conceptions of the world, archetypal notion of verticality and horizontality, distance and closeness, setting and for the breadwinner, transgressing boundaries. Segmenting function of literary representations of space. Me Analysis. Selectivity of representation of space. Depiction of time through space. Generally a universalist notion of space. Lotman, Jurij.

1972. For The Breadwinner. Die Struktur literarischer Texte . München: Fink. Theoretical study on the structure of like me analysis essay literary texts. Semiotic/structuralist concept of literary space as a model of cultural rooms. Universalist allocations of meaning, depiction of oppositional spaces. Director Of Ship. Sappok, Christian.

1970. Die Bedeutung des Raumes für die Struktur des Erzählwerks . Like. Aufgezeigt an Beispielen aus der polnischen Erzählliteratur . Questions. München: Otto Sagner. Structuralist/semiotic approach to space and narrative traditions. Collection of essays, proceeding from cultural theory. Social space is defined by rules of behaviour, moral concepts, interests, objectives and class. It is black like therefore relevant for questions of gender identity.

Key words: setting and transgression of boundaries; domains of power; imaginary space in literature and utopia. Bell, David Gill Valentine, eds. 1995. Mapping Desire: Geographies and Sexuality . London: Routledge. Collection of essays, proceeding from social geography. Key words: connection of space and different facets of identity formation (personal, professional and sexual). Questions of the body. Urban spaces. Power relations connected with space. Duncan, Nancy, ed. 1996.

Bodyspace: Destabilizing Geographies of Gender and Sexuality. London: Routledge. Essay collection on space, gender and sexuality. Approach: social geography. Key words: territories. Boundaries: blurring of boundaries, transgression of boundaries. Domains of power concerning questions of gender identity and deviation from gender norms.

Duncan, Nancy. 1996. Renegotiating Gender and Sexuality in Public and Private Spaces. Molecular Research Articles. In: Nancy Duncan, ed. Bodyspace: Destabilizing Geographies of black Gender and Sexuality. London: Routledge. 127-145. Article on spaces of biology home and family.

Key words: homosexuality (male and female); prostitution. Friedman, Susan Stanford. 1996. Spacialization, Narrative Theory, and Virginia Woolf's The Voyage Out . In: Kathy Mezei, ed. Ambiguous Discourse. Feminist Narratology and British Women Writers . Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press. 109-136. Black Essay. Article is an example of the notion of text as space. Structure of text and structure of communication: intertextual, historical and psychological (semiotic and symbolic) references. Thesis Activity. Fryer, Judith.

1984. Women and Space. The Flowering of black Desire. In: Prospects: An Annual of American Cultural Studies . Activity. 187-230. Black Me Analysis Essay. Essay on gendered concepts of space in architecture, housing and critical on henry james, narrative fiction from the turn of the century up to black like essay the 1930s based on social geography. Biology Research Articles. Contains writings on architecture and feminist reform efforts. Gibson-Graham Julie Kathy.

1997. Postmodern Becomings: From the Space of Form to the Space of Potentiality. In: Georges Benko Ulf Stohmeyer, eds. Me Analysis Essay. Space and Social Theory: Interpreting Modernity and Postmodernity . Oxford. Blackwell. 306-323. Article on conceptual forms of space from a post-structuralist perspective.

Key words: Chora, identity, patriarchy, capitalism. Online Creative Sites. Remaining question from black like essay, a gender point of view: Is discursive space volatile enough to be changed more easily than space proper? Higonnet, Margaret R. Joan Templeton, eds. 1994. Reconfigured Spheres: Feminist Explorations of Literary Space . Essay For The. Amherst: University of Mass.

Press. Essay collection. Provides different perspectives on the feminist relevance of space: Historical, multi-cultural, metaphorical. Key words: Symbolic representative functions of space in texts. Marginalisation, transgression of boundaries, role of clothing, ghettoisation of feminist literary criticism. Pratt, Annis. 1972. Black Essay. Women and Nature in Modern Fiction. Comparative Literature 13: 476-490. Article on space and nature in modern fiction.

Key words: epiphanies in natural settings (especially in novels of development), gender-specific differences in the perception of nature. Rose, Gillian. 1996. Masculine Dwelling, Masculine Theory and on henry james, Feminist Masquerade. Black Like Me Analysis Essay. In: Nancy Duncan, ed.

Bodyspace: Destabilizing Geographies of Gender and Sexuality. London: Routledge. 56-74. Article on space and gender. Director. Approach: Deconstructivist social geography. Space as projection: imagined emotions and actual design of black like essay space. Concept of gospel masquerade grounds on Luce Irigaray. Sizemore-Wick, Christine.

1989. A Female Vision of the City. Black Like Me Analysis Essay. London in the Novels of Five British Women . Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. Study on the city from a female perspective. City can be entered by women in the 20th century. Provides detailed analysis of novels. Spain, Daphne. 1992. Gendered Spaces . Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.

Study on space as a relevant factor for status and gender, proceeding from social geography. Gender-specific segregation (architecture, territorization of public spaces) Provides examples from different ethnic cultures. Weigel, Sigrid. Online Creative Writing Sites. 1983. Topographien der Geschlechter: Kulturgeschichtliche Studien zur Literatur . Reinbek: Rowohlt. Study on gender topographies and literature. Proceeding from cultural history. Considers Space: female allegorization of the essay city. Writing Activity. Philosophical study on space. Phenomenological approach. Had a major influence on the treatment of space in literary criticism.

Compare Hoffmann 1978 (3.3), and others. Authoritative text on spatial symbolism. Key words: archetypical spaces and their meaning in depth psychology: psychological dimension of places like 'house', 'shell' 'box', etc. Universalistic allocation of meaning. Ecker, Gisela. 1995. Allegorical Gardens of Desire in Modernity: A Gendered Perspective.

In: Susan C. Scott, ed. The Art of Interpreting . Like. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University. 260-292. Allocations of meaning to thesis writing the garden based on depth psychology. Gender-specific dimensions of the like garden: a place of solitude and expansion of consciousness for women - a place of maternal security for men.

Erikson, Erik. 1970. 14 Chapter Essay Gospel. Womanhood and Inner Space. In: Identity. Youth and Crisis . London: Faber Faber. 261-294. Article on womanhood and inner space. Psychological approach, supported by evidence from ethnic studies. Investigates the play of children as a confirmation of traditional gender differences.

Milgram, Stanley. 1970. Das Erleben der Großstadt: Eine psychologische Analyse. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie 1: 142-152. Article on interior space. Approach: psychoanalytical, feminist.

Key words: psychological places of the interior; interpersonal spaces of (human) relationship; psychoanalytical symbolization, space imagery, female subjectivity; Separateness and integrity. Gibson-Graham Julie Kathy. 1997. Postmodern Becomings. From the like Space of Form to the Space of thesis writing activity Potentiality.

In: Georges Benko Ulf Stohmeyer, eds. Space and Social Theory: Interpreting Modernity and Postmodernity . Oxford. Blackwell. 306-323. Article on conceptual forms of space from a post-structuralist perspective. Key words: Chora, identity, patriarchy, capitalism. Remaining question from a gender point of black like me analysis view: Is discursive space volatile enough to be changed more easily than space proper? Gregory, Derek. 1997.

Lacan and of theseus, Geography: The Production of black me analysis Space Revisited. In: Georges Benko Ulf Stohmeyer, eds. Space and Social Theory: Interpreting Modernity and Postmodernity . Oxford. Blackwell. Molecular Biology Articles. 203-234. Article on psychoanalytical space. Key words: bodily experience of space (pre-lingual/premature), experience of space and formation of identity through entering the symbolic order, discursive dependency. Winzen, Matthias. 2000. Black Essay. Hysterisierte Räume. In: Silvia Eibelmayr et al., eds.

Die verletzte Diva: Hysterie, Körper, Technik in der Kunst der 20. Jahrhunderts . Köln: Oktagon. 154-178. Article on space and hystericalization. Foci: paradoxical intermingling of movement and stiffness.

Loss of orientation and essay gospel john, expressivity. Sudden removal of subject-object relations in art and like me analysis essay, photography. Article on textual space. Textual structures are described with help of spatial metaphors (see also Smitten 1981). Smitten, Jeffrey M. Ann Dagistany, eds. 14 Chapter Essay John. 1981.

Spatial Form in Narrative . Ithaca, New York. Study theorizes text as space. Describes textual structures with the help of spatial metaphors. Semiotic studies on black me analysis essay literary perceptions of urban spaces. Key words: perception of space in general. Basic patterns of the experience of 14 chapter essay gospel city space (multi-stimulation, processes of selection. ). Culturally variable navigation of perception (closely connected with aspects of value judgements). Jackendoff, Ray Barbara Landau. 1992. Spatial Language and Spatial Cognition. In: Language of the Mind: Essays on Mental Represenation . Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

99-124. Article postulates the like superiority of the thesis activity concrete image of an perceived object over its verbal representation. Based on cognitive linguistics. Tuan, Yi-Fu. 1974. Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes, and Values. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Wagener-Wender, Monika. 1993.

Mentale Repräsentation räumlicher Informationen. Bonn: Holos. Study on space from a perspective of cognitive psychology. Point of interest: cognitive-psychological processes are manifested in the linguistic representation of space. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1966. Champ intellectuel et project créateur. Les Temps Modernes 246: 865-906. Bourdieu, Pierre. Like Me Analysis Essay. 1974.

Zur Soziologie der Symbolischen Formen . Trans. Wolfgang Fietkau. Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1982. Die feinen Unterschiede: Kritik der gesellschaftlichen Urteilskraft . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1983. The Field of Cultural Production, or: The Economic World Reversed.

Poetics 12: 311-56. Bourdieu, Pierre. [1984] 1988. Homo Academicus . Cambridge Polity. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1985. The Genesis of the Concepts of Habitus and 14 chapter essay, of Field . Black Me Analysis. Sociocriticism 2: 11-24. Bourdieu, Pierre.

1996. The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on essay questions for the Art and Literature , ed. Randal Johnson. Cambridge: Polity Press. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1996. The Rules of Art . Cambridge: Polity. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1998. Black Essay. La Domination Masculine . Paris: Seuil.

Bürger, Peter. 1986. Adorno, Bourdieu and the sociology of literature. Stanford Literary Review : 75-90. Calhoun, Craig, Edward LiPuma Moishe Postone, eds. 1993. Thesis. Bourdieu: Critical Perspectives . Cambridge: Polity. Me Analysis. Dörner, Andreas Ludgera Vogt.

1990. Kultursoziologie (Bourdieu - Mentalitätengeschichte - Zivilisationstheorie). In: Klaus Michael Bogdal, ed. Essay Questions Breadwinner. Neue Literaturtheorien . Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag. 131-153.

Dubois, Jaques. 2000. Pierre Bourdieu and Literature. SubStance 93: 84-102. Like Essay. Eder, Klaus, ed. 1989. Klassenlage, Lebensstil und kulturelle Praxis: Beiträge zur Auseinandersetzung mit Pierre Bourdieus Klassentheorie . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Thesis Writing. Fischer, Ludwig Klaas Jarchow. 1987.

Die soziale Logik der Felder und das Feld der Literatur. Sprache im technischen Zeitalter 25: 164-172. Black Essay. An introductory essay to a whole issue on Bourdieu's sociology of culture in which the authors clarify and defend Bourdieu's key terminology - especially the essay questions for the breadwinner concepts of field and habitus. Fowler, Bridget. 1997. Pierre Bourdieu and Cultural Theory: Critical Investigations . London: Sage. A very perceptive and insightful study of Bourdieu's writings on the cultural field with a special emphasis on literature.

She even offers a gender-related discussion of modernist British literature from a Bourdieusian perspective (chapter 6) which unfortunately remains somewhat superficial and does not reflect the latest research in this area. Like Me Analysis Essay. This partly has to do with the fact that Fowler is more interested in revaluating 'middlebrow' women's writing than in molecular biology research articles, a discussion of neglected modernist women writers. Fowler Bridget, ed. 2000. Reading Bourdieu on like essay Society and breadwinner, Culture . Oxford: Blackwell. Garnham, Nicholas Raymond Williams.

1980. Me Analysis Essay. P. Bourdieu and the Sociology of Culture: An Introduction. For The Breadwinner. Media, Culture and Society 2: 209-223. Gebauer, Gunter. 1994. Bourdieus Hermeneutik. Black Me Analysis. lendemains 75/76: 27-40. Gebauer, Gunter Christoph Wulf, eds. 1993. Praxis und Ästhetik: Neue Perspektiven im Denken Pierre Bourdieus . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Harker, Richard et. al., eds.

1990. An Introduction to the Work of Pierre Bourdieu: The Practice of 14 chapter essay Theory. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Honneth, Axel. 1984.

Die zerrissene Welt der symbolischen Formen: Zum kultursoziologischen Werk Pierre Bourdieus. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 36: 147-164. Jarchow, Klaas Hans-Gerd Winter. 1993. Black Like. Pierre Bourdieus Kultursoziologie als Herausforderung der Literaturwissenschaft. In: Gunter Gebauer Christoph Wulf, eds.

Praxis und Ästhetik: Neue Perspektiven im Denken Pierre Bourdieus . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. 93-134. Jenkins, Richard. 1992. Pierre Bourdieu . London New York: Routledge. Jurt, Joseph. 1979. Für eine Rezeptionssoziologie. RZLG 3: 214-231. Jurt, Joseph.

1994. Online Writing Sites. Für eine Wissenschaft der Genese kultureller Werke: Versuch einer Rekonstruktion des literatursoziologischen Ansatzes von Pierre Bourdieu in Les règles de l'art . Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen 231: 319-347. Jurt, Joseph. 1995. Das literarische Feld: Das Konzept Pierre Bourdieus in Theorie undPraxis . Darmstadt: WBG. Jurt, Joseph. 1997. Bourdieus Analyse des literarischen Feldes oder der Universalitätsanspruch des sozialwissenschaftlichen Ansatzes. Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur 22.2: 152-180. Jurt offers a defense of Bourdieu's concept of the (literary) field against critics who regard it as too economically oriented and as interactionist.

Instead he conceives of the model as constructivist, offering a wide range of inderdisciplinary possibilies. Moreover, he points out that it enables both a synchronic and a diachronic analysis of the structure of the production, publication, and reception of literature. Jurt, Joseph. 2000. Pierre Bourdieus Theorie des Literarischen Feldes. In: Derek Robbins, ed. Pierre Bourdieu , vol.

2. London etc.: Sage. 117-147. Lane, Jeremy F. Black. 2000. Pierre Bourdieu: A Critical Introduction . London: Pluto Press. McClean, Ian. 1993. Bourdieu's field of cultural production. Essay For The Breadwinner. French Cultural Studies 4.3: 241-251. Black Me Analysis. Moi, Toril.

1991. Appropriating Bourdieu: Feminist Theory and essay questions for the breadwinner, Pierre Bourdieu's Sociology of Culture. New Literary History 22: 1017-1049. Moi, Toril. 1997. The Challenge of the Particular Case: Bourdieu's Sociology of Culture and Literary Criticism. Modern Language Quarterly 58.4: 497-508. Paulson, William. 1997. The Market of like Printed Goods: On Bourdieu's Rules. Modern Language Quarterly 58.4: 399-415.

Pinto, Louis. 1996. The Theory of essay for the breadwinner Fields and the Sociology of Literature: Reflections on the Work of Pierre Bourdieu. International Journal of Contemporary Sociology 33.2: 171-86. Pinto, Louis Franz Schultheis, eds.

1997. Streifzüge durch das literarische Feld: Texte von Pierre Bourdieu, Christophe Charle, Mouloud Mammeri, Jean-Michel Péru, Michael Pollak, Anne-Marie Thiesse . Konstanz: Universitätsverlag Konstanz. van Rees, Cees J. 1983a. Advances in the Empirical Sociology of Literature and black essay, the Arts: The Institutional Approach. Poetics 12: 285-310. van Rees, Cees J. 1983b. How a Literary Work Becomes a Masterpiece: On the Threefold Selection Practised by Literary Criticism. Poetics 12: 397-417. van Rees, Cees J. 1987. How reviewers reach consensus on molecular biology articles the value of literary works.

Poetics 16: 275-94. van Rees, Cees J. 1989. The Institutional Foundation of a Critic's Connoisseurship. Poetics 18: 179-98. Robbins, Derek. 1991. The Work of Pierre Bourdieu: Recognizing Society . Milton Keynes: Open University.

A short and at times rather simplistic survey of Bourdieu's work in chronological order designed as an introduction for students. Robbins covers Bourdieu's major publications from Sociology d'Algerie to La Noblesse d'Etat , but only me analysis essay marginally touches on his literary sociological works. Robbins, Derek. 2000. Bourdieu and Culture. London etc: Sage.

de Saint Martin, Monique. 1990. Les 'femmes écrivains et le champ littéraire. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 83: 52-56. Schwingel, Markus. Breadwinner. 1993. Analytik der Kämpfe: Macht und Herrschaft in der Soziologie Bourdieus . Me Analysis. Hamburg: Argument Verlag.

Schwingel, Markus. 1997. Director. Kunst, Kultur und Kampf um Anerkennung: Die Literatur- und Kunstsoziologie Pierre Bourdieus in ihrem Verhältnis zur Erkenntnis- und Kultursoziologie. Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der Deutschen Literatur 22.2: 109-151. A useful overview of the central aspects of like me analysis essay Bourdieu's sociology of culture. Schwingel shows in how far the concepts of the field and habitus are the essential building blocks of an extensive model not only of the sociology of culture but, ultimately, of a genereal sociology. Shiagh, Morag.

1993. Creative Sites. 'Cultural studies' and the work of Pierre Bourdieu. French Cultural Studies 4.3: 213-223. Verdaasdonk, Hugo. 1989. Literary Magazines as Media for Publishing Literary Texts. Poetics 18: 215-32. Assmann, Aleida Jan Assmann. 1987. Kanon und Zensur als kultursoziologische Kategorien. In: Aleida Assmann Jan Assmann, eds. Kanon und Zensur: Beiträge zur Archäologie der literarischen Kommunikation II . München: Fink.

7-27. Bradbury, Malcolm. 1971. Black Me Analysis. The Social Context of Modern English Literature . Oxford: Blackwell. Bürger, Peter. Critical Essays On Henry. 1974. Theorie der Avantgarde . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. [ Theory of the Avant-Garde . Trans. Michael Shaw. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1984] Bürger, Peter. 1985/1986. The Institution of 'Art' as a Category in black, the Sociology of Literature.

Cultural Critique 2: 5-33. Bürger, Peter, ed. 1978. Seminar: Kunst- und Literatursoziologie . Franfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Cultural Studies 4. 1973. (Special issue on Literature/society: mapping the gospel field) Desan, Phillippe, Priscilla Parkhurst Ferguson Wendy Griswold, eds. 1989.

Literature and Social Practice . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Fügen, Hans Norbert. 1966. Die Hauptrichtungen der Literatursoziologie . Bonn: Bouvier. Gaiser, Gottlieb. 1983. Zur Empirisierung des Kanonbegriffs.

SPIEL 2: 123-35. Gaiser, Gottlieb. 1993. Literaturgeschichte und literarische Institutionen: Zu einer Pragmatik der Literatur . Meitingen: Verlag Literatur + Wissenschaft. Me Analysis Essay. Gedin, Per. 1977. Literature in the Marketplace . London: Faber. Griswold, Wendy.

1987. The Fabrication of Meaning: Literary Interpretation in the United States, Great Britain, and the West Indies. American Journal of Sociology 92: 1077-1117. von Hallberg, Robert, ed. 1984. Canons . Chicago: Chicago UP. Lepenies, Wolf.

1985. Die drei Kulturen: Soziologie zwischen Literatur und Wissenschaft . München: Hanser. Poggioli, Renato. 1968. The Theory of the Avant-Garde . Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP. Molecular Biology Research Articles. Rogers, Mary F. 1991. Novels, Novelists, and Readers: Toward a Phenomenological Sociology of Literature . Albany: State University of New York Press. Sanders, Hans. 1981.

Institution Literatur und Roman: Zur Rekonstruktion der Literatursoziologie . Franfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Scharfschwerdt, Jürgen. 1977. Grundprobleme der Literatursoziologie: Ein wissenschaftsgeschichtlicher Überblick . Stuttgart etc.: Kohlhammer. Schenck, Celeste M. 1989. Exiled by Genre: Modernism, Canonicity, and like me analysis, the Politics of Exclusion. In: Mary Lynn Broe Angela Ingram, eds.

Women's Writing in Exile . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 226-250. Viala, Alain. Online Creative Writing Sites. 1988. Prismatic Effects. Critical Inquiry 14: 563-573. Voßkamp, Wilhelm. 1977.

Gattungen als literarisch-soziale Institutionen: Zu Problemen sozial- und funktionsgeschichtlich orientierter Gattungstheorie und -historie. Me Analysis Essay. In: Walter Hinck, ed. Textsortenlehre - Gattungsgeschichte . Heidelberg: Winter. 27-44. Wasserstrom, William. 1962. T.S. Eliot and The Dial . Sewanee Review 70.1: 81-92.

Wolff, Janet. [1981] 1993. The Social Production of Art . London: Macmillan.

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an essay concerning JohnLocke'sAnEssayConcerning HumanUnderstanding:TheBible' oftheEnlightenment KATHARINEM.MORSBERGER JohnLocke'sAnEssayConcerningHumanUnderstanding,withitsradicallynewviewofepistemologyandthewayourperceptionsfunction ,has oftenbeenconsideredthebeginningofeighteenth-centurythoughtandthe modernworld.ItcanbeequallyarguedthattheEssay,firstpublishedin 1690,marksnotonlytheendbuttheculminationoftheseventeenthcentury. Mostnotablyinitsimageryandrhetoric,theEssayitselfisasmuchaprod- uctoftheseventeenthcenturyasitisoftheeighteenth,anintellectualand spiritualjourneyratherthanasystematicphilosophy.Locke,bornin1632 andraisedinaPuritanfamily,broughtthemethodsofintrospectionfamiliar toreadersofspiritualautobiographiesintotherealmofepistemology,using self-inquiryinamuchmorethoroughgoingandpersonalwaythanDescartes haddone.1TheEssaycanbereadasaspiritualautobiographythatattempts constantlytoadaptthespiritualtothereasonable,andalsoattemptstoavoidthespiritualandpoliticaltensionsoftheseventeenthcenturyandre-solvethemintoanapproachthatallreasonablemencouldaccept. Black Like. ReferringtoLocke'sambiguitiesofkeytermsand. Critical On Henry. theinnertensions andclashesinhisthought,PeterH.NidditchpointsoutthatLockeresemblesBunyan'sMr.Facing-bothways,Mr.Two-tongues,andthe'Water-man, lookingoneway,andRowinganother.'2Inalikemanner,Locke'simages oflightanddarknesslookbacktothePuritanconflictbetweenGodand Satanforman'ssoul,aswellasforwardtotheenlightenment.The.Essay's 2/MORSBERGER passionateethicalintensity(inS.H.Clark'swords)ofintellectualsearch- ingisthusalsoanintensespiritualsearching.3Lockerefractstheclearlight ofrevelationintoanelusiverainbowofmultipleperceptions,andthenat- temptstoreunitetheseperceptions,purifiedofvainimaginations,withthe lightofreasonandthelightofGod.Thecentralimageofhumanreason,the candleoftheLord,thoughasignificantimagefortheCambridgePlatonists, amongothers,isultimatelyfromProverbs20:27.ThustheEssay'smajor rhetoricalstanceisgroundedinChristiantheology,andaBiblicalsubtext undergirdsthewholethrustofLocke'sargumentsandmetaphors.4 ItisnottheleastoftheEssay'sambiguitiesthatinmanyofitscrucial argumentsitrecallsMilton'sSatan,withhisproudclaimthatthemindisits ownplace.5Notonlytheimagesoflightanddarknessbutthetensionbe- tweenassertionsofthemind'spreeminentroleinunderstandingandorderingtheideasthatcomethroughthesenses ,andofGod'soverarchingauthor- ity,createasenseofaconstantsatanicrebellionbeneaththesurfaceofratio- nality.Thebasicelementsofhumanunderstanding,theideasinthemind, themselveswaverbetweentruthA—absoluterepresentationsofperceived actualityA—andmerechimeras.Theirrational,thedeformed,themisshapen, thefalseimaginationsoftheSchoolmen,thewaywardideasinthehuman mind,constantlyintrudeuponanddistorttheperceptions,themselvesthe onlyinletforhumanknowledge.NancyArmstrongandLeonardTennenhouse suggestthatLocke'snotionofrationalitydependedinsomeprofoundway uponthepresenceoftheirrational,andthatforhim,man'sinnateirratio- nalitywasatransparentsecularizationoftheChristiannotionofthesoul.6 Itcouldalsobeasecularizationofthenotionthatthedemonicisnecessaryin ordertodefinethedivine.Thereis,intheEssay,aconstantuneasytension betweenthemind'sdivineanddemonicaspects,betweenimaginationasan aidtointerpretingperceptionandultimatelymakingaleapoffaith,andimagi- nationsasadelusiveelement,constantlyleadingthemindastrayfromthe truth.Demonictemptationandthespiritualimagescounteractingitthus becomeapowerfulsubtextfortheEssayitselfandfortherationalenlight- enmenttextsandcontextsthatitwassubsequentlytoillumine.Itisdarkness, ifanything,whichisinnateinman,andthereforeaconstantthreatnotonly totheindividualunderstandingbuttothesocialfabric.Lockeconcedesthat apropensitytothedarknessofsinandevilisaprevalenttraitofhumankind, thoughhedoesnotmaintainthatthetendencyisnecessarilyinheritedfrom Adam.7TheunknowableisleftinthehandsofGod,orpossiblyofSatan, whoisstillrecognizedasapowerfulforce. Lockeusesfewimages,buttheoneshedoesusearedecisivefortheway inwhichhepresentshisideas.InBiblicalterminology,thefountainoften representsGod.IntheEssay,italsobecomesametaphorfortheideasinthe JohnLocke'sEssayConcerningHumanUnderstanding/3 mind,derivedbythesensesfromtheexternalworld.TherearetwoFoun- tainsofKnowledge(2.1.2.104),experienceandobservation:experience ismadeupofideas,acquiredbytheperceptionswhichoursensesconvey intoourminds;observationisourownsenseoftheseperceptionsinopera- tion.How,Lockeasks,doesthemind,originallyasblankasawhitepaper, acquireitsideas?ThoughthisisLocke'sbest-knownimage,itdoesnothave thepervasiveforceconveyedbyhisimagesoflightanddarkness.Allhis majorargumentsareilluminatedbystrikingimagesoflightanddarkness, blindnessandsight. Lockeandhiscontemporarieswerebynomeansthefirsttousethese metaphors,andthoughtheyarenotablyprevalentintheBible,theyare,of course,significantforotherreligions.8Locke'skeyimageoflightrepresents humanreason,butlightisalsoassociatedwithGodandwiththesimple ideaswhichareouronlycertainknowledge,givingtheimageacentrality andauthoritythatresonatesthroughtheentireessay.9Thehumanunder- standingitselfispowerfullycomparedtoadarkcloset: . externalandinternalSensationaretheonlypassagesIcanfind,of Knowledge,totheUnderstanding.Thesealone,asfarasIcandiscover, aretheWindowsbywhichlightisletintothisdarkroom.For,methinks, theUnderstandingisnotmuchunlikeaClosetwhollyshutfromlight, withonlysomelittleopeningsleft,toletinexternalvisibleResemblances, orIdeasofthingswithout.(2.11.17.162-3) Locke'sterminology,whilethuslookingforwardtotheprevalentequa- tionofreasonandlightintheEnlightenment,alsohasnumerousundertones ofthetraditonalequationofGodwithlightandSatanwithdarkness.Reason istheCandleoftheLordsetupbyhimselfinMen'sminds(4.3.20.552). GodisreferredtoastheFatherofLights(4.19.11.703).10Ignoranceis thedarksideofourknowledge:thingsbeyondourunderstandingareinan AbyssofDarkness(where,literalizingaBiblicalmetaphor,wehave notEyestosee,norFacultiestoperceiveanything)(4.3.22.553).Error, inparticulartheerrorofenthusiasm,isfalselight,associatedwithfalsereasoning ,falsereligion,andultimatelywithSatan,thePrinceofDarkness,the SonoftheMorning,whocantransformhimselfintoanAngelofLight (4.19.13.704)andwhoisalsoknownasLucifer,thelight-bearer. Like Me Analysis. Satanhimselfthusisattheshiftingboundarybetweenthelightofanin- structedandenlightenedperceptionandthedarkareaswherereasoncannot andshouldnotattempttopenetrate.Inalikemanner,Godisattheboundary betweentheknowledgeilluminatedbythecandleofreasonandtheblaz- ingsunoffullknowledge,tobeattainedonlybyaleapoffaith.12Lockeoften referstoGodinfairlyabstractterms:infinitelywiseAgent(4.3.28.559), 4/MORSBERGER WiseArchitect(IV.iii.29.560),faithfulCreator(2.4.14.570).Nor doesLockeemphasizeChrist,thoughhedoesreferbrieflytoOurSaviour andalsotoSt.Paul.13 Lockehimselfmadeatranslationofandcommentaryonseveralofthe Paulineepistles;hereandelsewhereheemphasizestheintelligentman'sob- ligationtodevelophisfaithinproportiontohisotherintellectualcapacities. GretchenGrafPahl,amongothers,maintainsthatLocke'sanalysisisone ofthegreatlandmarksinthehistoryofBiblicalcriticism,amongthefirstto recognizetheinfluenceofthehistoricalandlogicalcontextsoftheBible andtheroleofPaul'srhetoricalandliteraryimagination.14Yet,forallhis emphasisontheEpistles,inTheReasonablenessofChristianityLockemain- tainsthat'tisnotintheepistleswearetolearnwhatarethefundamental articlesoffaith,wheretheyarepromiscuously,andwithoutdistinctionmixed withothertruths. Research Articles. Weshallfindanddiscernthosegreatandnecessary pointsbestinthepreachingofOurSaviourandtheapostles,tothosewho wereyetstrangers,andignorantofthefaith,tobringthemin,andconvert themtoit.15ForLocke,theBibleisdefinitelyatextforadults,onetowhich youngandimmaturestudentsshouldnotbeexposed,exceptforcarefully selectedpassages.16Theultimategoalofhumanreasonandknowledgeisto prepareustoliveworthilyinthelightofGod'sfuturejudgment.Reason, God,andthefewraysofone'scertainknowledgeareallthatkeepusfrom thedarknessandthevoidofignoranceorofvainimaginationsandconjec- tures,andfromthepursuitoffalselighttotheultimateSatanicdarkness,a darknessthatisnotonlyvisiblebutanever-presentthreat.Forfalsereason- ing,dangerouslyakintoSatanicimaginations,Lockeusesthegraphically disturbingimageofamanwhoputsouthisowneyes,thebettertosee.Lit- eralblindness,usedasanillustrationforexplainingtheworkingsofsense perception,becomesametaphorforintellectualandspiritualblindness,most powerfullyattheEssay'sclimax. OneofSatan'smainattributesisdelusiveandseductivelanguage.But Lockehimself,notablyinBook4oftheEssay,isnotmorestrip'dofthe Metaphorofseeingandfeeling(4.19.9.700)thantheenthusiastswhose assertions,heclaims,aresofalsewhenthuslaidbare.17Recognizingthe unreliabilityofwords(3.5.16.438),Lockedevotesanentirebookofthe Essaytothenatureandusesoflanguage.Languageisvitaltocommunica- tion,butwordsmeandifferentthingstodifferentpeople(3.5.8.432-3).

Eventhosewholiveinthesamecountryhavebutveryimperfectdescrip- tionsofThings,andWordshaveveryuncertainSignifications(3.9.17. 486).Further,itisabsolutelynecessaryforpeopletoagreeonreferentsfor words,whentheyspeakofThingsreallyexisting(3.6.29.456),orcom- municationwillbeatbestinaccurateandatworstimpossible. JohnLocke'sEssayConcerningHumanUnderstanding/5 Often,especiallyinBiblicalcommentary,menarelikelytouseacurious andunexplicableWebofperplexedWords(3.10.8.494),creatinganar- tificialLanguage,andlearnedGibberish,whichleavesreadersperpetu- allyentangledinthatendlessLabyrinth(3.10.9.495).Locke'slanguage andcontextarereminiscentofMilton'sdescriptionofthefallenangels,wran- glingovertheologyandinwand'ringmazeslost(2.561.245).Though men,especiallySchoolmen,mayinventjargonastheyplease,yetifthey willbeunderstood,whentheyspeakofThingsreallyexisting,theymust,in somedegree,conformtheirIdeastotheThingstheywouldspeakof:OrElse Men'sLanguagewillbelikethatofBabel;andeveryMan'sWords. Black. intelligibleonlytohimself(3.6.29.456).Babel,inBiblicalterms,isa mythfortheequationofsinwithlossoflanguage,communication,andbreak- downofthesocialorder.Presumablytheinnerworkingsofourspirits, then,mustalsoconformtotheneedforacommonlanguageandcommunica- tion,eventhoughtheseworkingsmaywellbethesourceof,oridenticalto, individualinnervisionandimagination.Clearcommunicationisespecially importantforquestionsofreligion,law,andmorality,allofwhicharebased ontextswhicharethemselvesopentoconsiderablemisinterpretation.Locke's concernforfreedomfromjargonandfromthecuriousandunexplicable WebofperplexedWords,andhiscautionsagainstthecoiningofnewwords (3.10.8.494)werethusbasedonpoliticalaswellastheologicalandepiste- mologicalconsiderations.Bydefinition,languageandstylebecomeanindi- cation,orevenaproof,ofthewriter'sorspeaker'struthfulness.Obscure languageisautomaticallysuspectedoffalsehood. Lockeadvocatedreligioustoleration,but,farfromdevaluingtheBible's roleinfaith,included,indeedemphasized,theinterpretationofScripturein thelightofbothfaithandreason.Norshouldonebetoohastytojudgeoth- ers'interpretations.Forwholesocietiesofmenareunlikelytohaveso universalaperverseness;someatleastmust. pursuetruthsincerely;and thereforetheremustbesomethingthatblindstheirunderstandings(2.33. 18.400).InAmsterdam,Lockeobservedthatwheretolerationwaspractised therewascivicpeace,order,andprosperity.18Notsocoincidentally,itwas therethathefirstbegantostudyScriptureindepth.LadyMashamwroteto him(8October1684):IcannotbutFanciebyyourLetterthatyouhave learntmoreScripturetheretheneveryouKnewinyourwholelifebefore, whomIlittlethoughtoncewouldeverhavewrittmealetternottobeunder- stoodwithoutturningtoStPaul,andStPetersEpistles(Correspondence2. 64O).19 Paradoxically,Locke'ssearchforclarityleadshimtointuitionandulti- matelytofaith,sincetheknowledgeofwhichwecanbecertainislimited. Knowledgemaybeprovedanddemonstrated,butthesemeasuresfall 6/MORSBERGER shortofthatevidentlustreandfullassurance,thatalwaysaccompanythat whichIcallintuitive(4.2.6.533)Intuition,theimmediateapprehensionof theperceivedobject,leavesnoroomforHesitation,Doubt,orExamina- tion,buttheMindispresentlyfilledwiththeclearlightofit(2.1.1.531).

Lockeplacesintuitiononanequallevelwithdemonstratedknowledge,and whatevercomesshortofoneofthese,withwhatassurancesoeverembraced, isbutFaith,orOpinion,butnotKnowledge,atleastinallgeneralTruths (4.2.14.537).(Faithherereferstotheenthusiasts'falsebeliefs.) Unfortunately,thetruthsofgeometryaremuchmoreeasilydemonstrated thanthoseofmorality.Lockedidnotsucceedinconstructingalogicalproof formoralprinciples,and,asaresult,definedtruthsimplyasthejoining orseparatingofSigns,astheThingssignifiedbythemdoagreeordis- agreeonewithanother(4.5.2.574),andapplicableonlytopropositions. 14 Chapter Essay John. Moralprinciples,forexample,requireReasoningandDiscourse,andsome ExerciseoftheMind,todiscoverthecertaintyoftheirTruth(1.3.1.66). However,iftheminditself,ortheconscience,whichisevidentlysomewhat separatefromthemind,controlsourOpinionorJudgmentoftheMoral RectitudeorPravityofourownActions(1.3.8.70),agreatchasmof relativemoralitybecomesevident.Lockeillustratesthedilemmawithex- amplesfromprimitiveculturestothecustomofdueling,inwhichMurders. Like. If you would like to authenticate using a different subscribed institution that supports Shibboleth authentication or have your own login and password to Project MUSE, click 'Authenticate'. You are not currently authenticated. You have access to this content Free sample Open Access Restricted Access. Use the essay questions breadwinner simple Search box at the top of the page or the Advanced Search linked from the black like top of the essay questions page to black like essay, find book and online writing, journal content. Refine results with the filtering options on essay the left side of the breadwinner Advanced Search page or on your search results page.

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Thus comparison and contrast involve pointing out the similarities or differences between two (or more) items. In deciding what to compare or contrast , you will want to black like make sure that the items share points. COMM 105 Phoenix course tutorial / uophelp. Scavenger Hunt COMM 105 Week 2 Individual Assignment: Narration Essay COMM 105 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment: Essay Analysis Presentation COMM 105 Week 4 Individual Assignment: Comparison and Contrast Essay or Cause and director of theseus Effect Essay - HIV (topic) ================================================================================ . COMM 105 UOP Course Tutorial / Tutorialrank. Narration Essay COMM 105 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment: Essay Analysis Presentation COMM 105 Week 4 Individual Assignment: Comparison and Contrast Essay or Cause and black me analysis essay Effect Essay - HIV (topic) COMM 105 Week 4 Individual Assignment: Comparison and Contrast Essay or Cause and Effect Essay - Pornography. As similar as they may seem, boxing and essays MMA are two very different sports. Black Me Analysis Essay. I know what you’re thinking, “The object of the thesis writing, sport is to punch the other guy in the face, how different can they be?” The truth is, both sports involve punching the like, other guy in molecular articles, the face, the difference is the like essay, rules and equipment. COMM 105 UOP Course Tutorial / comm105dotcom. Narration Essay COMM 105 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment: Essay Analysis Presentation COMM 105 Week 4 Individual Assignment: Comparison and Contrast Essay or Cause and essays on henry james Effect Essay - HIV (topic) COMM 105 Week 4 Individual Assignment: Comparison and Contrast Essay or Cause and Effect Essay - Pornography.

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essays idleness Authors born between 1100 and 1300 CE. Click Up For A Summary Of Each Author. Yoshida Kenko (1283-1350 CE) in his early career as a Japanese court official also emerged as a celebrated poet. At age 41 he became a Zen Buddhist monk. His subsequent Essays in Idleness shows the application of Zen to a philosophy of social life.

In Kenko’s writings we see the Buddhist ideals of like essay naturalness, humility, simplicity, and activity meditation worked out in relation to daily affairs. Black! Kenko’s Essays , probably written about 1340 CE, contains 243 sections of research articles various lengths, from short aphorisms to like me analysis essay meditations covering several pages. A note of essay questions for the resignation that sometimes occurs in Kenko’s thought is probably due to the experiences of the turbulent period in which the writings were composed—rather in the way that Epictetus was influenced by black like essay the times in which he lived. Kenko ranged widely in sites, his choice of subjects, touching on ardent love, social etiquette, house design, drunkenness, thought impressions, and the brief span of life. Like Essay! He urged his readers to on henry james make the most of their time on earth, but in this he stressed the virtues of contemplation and thought. In one remark he suggested that the pleasure of reading a book alone in the lamplight is beyond compare.

1 It is me analysis essay, a joyful thing indeed to hold intimate converse with a man after one's own heart, chatting without reserve about things of interest or the fleeting topics of the world; but such, alas, are few and far between. Not that one desires a companion who will sit opposite and never utter a word in contradiction—one might as well be alone. Far better in hours of loneliness the company of one who, while he will listen with respect to your views, will disagree a little, and argue, saying Yes, that is so, but . . Essay Questions! . Like Me Analysis! , or For this reason such and such is the case. And yet, with those who are not of the same way of thinking or are contentious, a man can discuss only things of passing interest, for the truth is there must not be any wide gulf between bosom friends. 2 Though the director of ship, breeze blow not, the flower of the heart of man will change its hue. Now looking back on months and years of intimacy, to feel that your friend, while you still remember the moving words you exchanged, is yet growing distant and living in like essay, a world apart—all this is sadder far than partings brought by death.

3 Although some will say, After all this time, why stand on ceremony?'' I myself feel that it is a sign of genuine and 14 chapter essay proper feeling when even the most inseparable friends treat one another, if the occasion demands, with due reserve and decorum. On the other hand, it is sometimes well for black essay, people who are not intimate to speak freely. 4 To while away the idle hours, seated the livelong day before the inkslab, by essay john jotting down without order or purpose whatever trifling thoughts pass through my mind, truely this is a queer and crazy thing to me analysis essay do! 5 It is desirable to of theseus have a knowledge of true literature, of composition and like essay versifying, of wind and string instruments; and it is well, moreover, to be learned in precedent and court ceremonies, so as to be a model for others. One should write not unskillfully in the running hand, be able to sing in a pleasing voice and keep good time to music; and, lastly, a man should not refuse a little wine when it is pressed upon him. 6 To sit alone in the lamplight with a book spread out before you, and hold intimate converse with men of unseen generations—such is a pleasure beyond compare. 7 However gifted and accomplished a young man may be, if he has no fondness for women, one has a feeling of thesis writing activity something lacking, as of a precious wine cup without a bottom. Admire the condition of a lover! Drenched with dews and frosts and aimlessly wandering; ever concerned to shun the world's reproof and escape his parents' reproaches; hither and thither pursued by doubt and distress; and spending his nights withal sleepless upon a solitary couch.

But it is well that a man do not become addicted to lewdness, a constant and familiar companion of women. Of all things that lead astray the heart of man there is nothing like fleshly lust. What a weakly thing is this heart of ours. Though a perfume, for example, is but a transient thing, and though he knows full well that incense is burned to give an odor to garments, yet a man's heart will always be stirred by a vague perfume. The Magician of Kume, the black like, legend runs, lost his magic power through looking at a maiden washing clothes. This may well have been, for here was no charm from without, but the real beauty of 14 chapter john plump and glistening limbs. 8 It is well for a man to be frugal, to abstain from like essay, luxury, to possess no treasure nor to covet this world's goods. Since olden times there has rarely been a sage who was wealthy. 9 In China there was once a man called Hsu Yu. Director Of Ship! He had not a single possession in the world. He even scooped up water with his hands, until a friend gave him a gourd.

But one day, when he had hung it from a branch, it rattled in the wind; whereupon, disturbed by the noise, he threw it away and once more took to drinking from black like essay, his clasped hands. Questions For The! How pure and free the black like essay, heart of such a man. 10 A certain recluse, I know not who, once said that no bonds attached him to this life, and the only thing he would regret leaving was the sky. 11 A house should be built with the summer in view. In winter one can live anywhere, but a poor dwelling in summer is unbearable. Deep water does not give a cool sensation. Far cooler is a shallow running stream.

A room with sliding doors is lighter than one with doors on research articles hinges. Black Like Me Analysis! When the ceiling is high the room is biology research articles, cold in winter and difficult to light. Me Analysis! As for construction, people agree in admiring a place with plenty of spare room, as being pleasing to the eye and at the same time useful for all sorts of purposes. There is a charm about biology research, a neat and proper dwelling house, although this world, it is true, is but a temporary abode. Even the moonshine, when it strikes into the house where a good man lives in peaceful ease, seems to gain in friendly brilliancy. 12 The man is to me analysis be envied who lives in sites, a house, not of the modern, garish kind, but set among venerable trees, with a garden where plants grow wild and yet seem to have been disposed with care, verandas and black me analysis essay fences tastefully arranged, and all its furnishings simple but antique. A house which multitudes of workmen have devoted all their ingenuity to decorate, where rare and strange things from home and abroad are set out in writing activity, array, and where even the trees and shrubs are trained unnaturally—such is an unpleasant sight, depressing to look at, to say nothing of spending one's days in there.

Nor, gazing on it, can one but reflect how easily it might vanish in a moment of black time. The appearance of a house is in some sort an index to the character of its occupant. 13 Once in the month of September I passed over the plain of Kurusu and sought out a certain village among the hills beyond, when, threading my way far down a narrow moss-grown path, I came upon a lonely hut. There was never a sound to greet me, save the dripping of water from a pipe buried in fallen leaves, but I knew that someone lived there, for sprays of questions breadwinner chrysanthemum and maple leaves bestrewed the shelf before the shrine, and black like me analysis essay Ah! thought I, In such a place a man can spend his days. But as I stood and gazed in wonder, I perceived in essay questions for the breadwinner, the garden beyond a great orange tree, its branches weighted down with fruit. It was strongly closed in on all sides by black like me analysis essay a fence. Director! This broke the spell, and I thought to like myself, If only that tree had not been there! 14 It wakes one up to go away from home for a time, no matter where. Exploring and rambling about the 14 chapter gospel john, countryside you come upon essay a host of molecular biology articles unusual sights in essay, rustic spots and mountain hamlets. James! You get a messenger to take letters to the capital, and you write and say Do not forget to send me so-and-so at black the next opportunity.'' All this is in its way amusing.

Of course you have a thousand things to think of in writing sites, such a place. Pleasant also to slip away and go into retreat in like me analysis, some mountain temple. 15 In hours of quiet thought one cannot but be overcome by longing for the past. When, to while away the long nights after folk have gone to rest, we go through our old belongings, sometimes, as we throw away such scraps of paper as we do not want to keep, the handwriting of one who is molecular research articles, no more, or an idle sketch maybe, will catch the eye and black like essay vividly recall the moment it was made. It is affecting, too, after the lapse of many years, to essays on henry come across the letters even of like one who is still living, and to creative writing call to mind the year and the occasion when they were written. The things they were wont to black me analysis use have no heart, yet remain unchanged throughout the long, long years. A melancholy reflection. 16 There is no such mournful time as follows on a death. For the creative, days of black essay retirement a crowd of people go up together to some mountain village, into 14 chapter a cramped and incommodious house, and there they busily perform the offices for the dead.

So the appointed time passes with unwonted quickness. The last day is pitiless indeed; for in silence they gather together their possessions, each for himself, and go their several ways. Only when they have returned to like me analysis their own homes will they begin to feel exceeding sad. Months and years pass by, and still they do not forget, though, as the saying goes, the departed grows more distant every day. However that may be, they seem not to feel so deeply as at the time of death, for now they chatter and laugh together. The body is laid to rest upon some lonely mountainside, where the mourners come on rare appointed days, soon the .tablet is overgrown with moss, buried in fallen leaves, and looks in time as if none came to visit there save even storms and writing activity the nocturnal moon. There may be some who will recall the dead, and think of black like me analysis essay him with grief. But soon they themselves must pass away.

Then how can later generations grieve, who know him only by repute? After a time they go no longer to his tomb, and people do not even know his name or who he was. True, some feeling folk may gaze with pity on what is now but the growth of grasses of succeeding springs; but at last there comes a day when even the pine trees that groaned in the storms, not lasting out thesis activity, their thousand years of life, are split for fuel, and the ancient grave, dug up and turned to rice field, leaves never a trace behind. 17 One should never make a show of having a deep knowledge of any subject. Well-bred people do not talk in black like me analysis, a superior way even about things they have a good knowledge of. It is people who come from the country who offer opinions unasked, as though versed in all manner of critical on henry james accomplishments. Like Me Analysis! Of course some among them do have a really enviable knowledge, and it is their air of self-conceit that is so stupid. It is a fine thing when a man who thoroughly understands a subject is unwilling to open his mouth, and only speaks when he is questioned. 18 When in the presence of a new acquaintance, to carry on a conversation in fragments, laughing and exchanging meaningful looks with a companion who knows the phrases and names of gospel john things you commonly use, makes the stranger feel as if he understood nothing—this is ignorant behavior, and black a sure sign of ill breeding. 19 In the Province of Inaba there was a girl, the molecular research, daughter of a certain lay priest of noble family, whose hand was asked in marriage by like many that heard of her beauty. However, this girl ate nothing but chestnuts, never touching rice or other grain, and her parents therefore refused, saying that such an unusual thing ought not to be seen by others.

20 This is a story of the priests of the Ninnaji. They had a feast to celebrate the farewell to the world of a young acolyte about to enter the online creative writing, priesthood. In their revels they became drunken, and the acolyte, beginning to me analysis feel merry, took a three-legged iron pot that lay nearby and online creative sites put it on his head. Then, though it fitted very tight, he flattened out his nose, pulled the pot over his face, and began to dance. The whole company grew merry beyond measure, until after performing awhile, he at length tried to pull it off—but in vain! This sobered the like essay, feast, and thesis writing they were thrown into me analysis essay confusion and doubt, wondering what they should do. While they were debating, the pot cut into his head, and blood began to flow and his face swelled up so that he could hardly breathe.

They tried to questions break it, but it was not easily broken, and as the force of the blow went to his head, he could not bear it, and black like essay they were obliged to stop. They did not know what to do next, so, throwing a black gauze cloak over the three legs, which looked like horns, they led him, supported by a staff, to the house of 14 chapter essay gospel a physician in Kyoto. People looked at them with amazement as they went along. It must have been a queer scene when they brought him face to black me analysis essay face with the physician on director of ship of theseus entering his house. When he spoke, his voice was muffled, and resounded so that they could not hear what he said. The physician said that he had never seen such a case in black essay, the books, nor had he ever had any oral instruction on online creative writing sites the point, so they were obliged to return to the temple. There his friends and relatives, with his old mother, gathered at his bedside and wept and black grieved—not that they thought he could hear! At last someone said, Suppose he does lose his ears and director of ship of theseus nose, so far as living goes there is no reason why he should not survive.

Let us then pull the thing off by like me analysis main force. So they thrust rice straw all round between his head and the metal, and pulled as if to drag off his head. His ears and nose were torn away, and he escaped with his bare life, suffering afterward many a long day. 21 Are we only to look at flowers in full bloom, at the moon when it is clear? No, to look out on the rain and long for the moon, to draw the blinds and not to be aware of the passing of the spring—these arouse even deeper feelings. There is much to be seen in young boughs about to director of ship of theseus flower, in gardens strewn with withered blossom. Men are wont to regret that the moon has waned or that the blossoms have fallen, and this must be so; but they must be perverse indeed who will say, This branch, that bough is withered, now there is nothing to see. In all things it is the black like essay, beginning and end that are interesting. The love of men and women—is it only when they meet face to creative writing face? To feel sorrow at an unaccomplished meeting, to grieve over empty vows, to spend the long night sleepless and alone, to yearn for distant skies, in a neglected house to think fondly of the past—this is what love is. Rather than to see the moon shining over thousands of miles, it sinks deeper into the heart to watch it when at black me analysis essay last it appears toward the dawn.

It never moves one so much as when seen in gaps between the trees, pale green over the tops of the molecular, cedars on distant hills, or behind the me analysis essay, clustering clouds after showers of rain. When it shines bright on the leaves of oak and evergreen, and they look wet, the sight sinks deeply into one's being, and one feels Oh! for a friend with whom to share this! and longs for the capital. And must we always look upon the moon and the blossoms with the molecular biology research articles, eye alone? No, in the very thought of it, in the spring though we do not go abroad, on moonlit nights though we keep to our room, there is great comfort and delight. 22 A well-bred man does not show strong likings. Like Essay! His enjoyment appears careless. It is director of ship, rustic boors who take all pleasures grossly. They squirm and struggle to get under the blossoms, they stare intently, they drink wine, they link verses, and at last they heartlessly break off great branches. Essay! They dip their hands and feet in springs; they get down and step on the snow, leaving footmarks; there is of theseus, nothing they do not regard as their own. As soon as we hear a person's name we form in our minds a picture of his appearance; but when we come to like me analysis essay see him, he is never the man whose face we had imagined. I suppose we all feel, when we hear stories of ancient times, that the houses were more or less the articles, same as people's houses nowadays, and black me analysis think of the people as like people we see about us.

And am I alone in having sometimes within me a feeling that words I have just heard, or things I have just seen, have happened once before? When, I cannot recollect, but none the less they certainly have happened. 23 A man who would be a success the world must first of 14 chapter gospel john all be a judge of moods, for me analysis, untimely speeches will offend the ears and hurt the feelings of others, and so fail in their purpose. He has to beware of such occasions. But falling sick and bearing children and dying—these things take no account of moods.

They do not cease because they are untimely. The shifting changes of birth, life, sickness, and death, the real great matters—these are like the writing activity, surging flow of a fierce torrent, which delays not for an instant but straightway pursues its course. And so, for me analysis, both priest and layman, there must be no talk of moods in things they must needs accomplish. They must be free from this care and that, they must not let their feet linger. It does not turn to summer after spring has closed, nor does the fall come when the summer ends.

The spring ahead of time puts on a summer air, already in the summer the fall is abroad, and soon the fall grows cold. In the writing activity, tenth month comes a brief space of spring weather. Grass grows green, plum blossoms bud. Essay! So with the falling of 14 chapter essay leaves from the trees. It is not that the trees bud, once the leaves have fallen, but that because they are budding from beneath, the black essay, leaves, unable to john withstand the strain, therefore must fall.

An onward-urging influence is at work within, so that stage presses on stage with exceeding haste. This again is exceeded by like essay the changes of birth, age, sickness, and death. The four seasons have still an appointed order. Critical James! The hour of death waits for no order. Death does not even come from the front. Me Analysis! It is ever pressing on from behind. All men know of death, but they do not expect it of a sudden, and of ship of theseus it comes upon them unawares.

So, though the dry flats extend far out, soon the tide comes and floods the beach. Adapted from The Tzuredzure gusa of Yoshida no Kaneyoshi translated by George Sansom. Asiatic Society of Japan Transactions, 39, 1911. A longer extract is black, printed in Anthology of on henry james Japanese Literature compiled and black like me analysis edited by Donald Keene. Grove Press New York 1955.

Introduction and selection of biology extracts Copyright © Rex Pay 2003.