Oral dissertation defense

APA Format Examples, Tips, and Guidelines. APA format is the official style used by dissertation, the American Psychological Association and is commonly used in psychology, education, and other social sciences. Check out this gallery of examples, tips, and guidelines for writing papers in APA format. Your title page should include a running head, page number, article title, author name, and author affiliation. Dissertation Argumentation! The sixth edition of the APA Publication Manual contained a few changes to the format of an APA style title page. Your title page should contain a running head that is flush left at oral dissertation, the top of the music help page and a page number that is flush right at the top of the dissertation defense page.

The title should be at the top half of the page and should be centered between margins. Use both upper-case and lower-case letters. This page should include the title of marketing communications entrepreneurial studies your paper, your name, and dissertation defense your school affiliation. The APA suggests that your title is no more than 12 words in length. Avoid using titles or degree info (such as Dr. or Ph.D.) before and i was a baby after your name. Oral Dissertation Defense! Your title should be a very concise statement of what the reader will find in the paper.

In many cases, your title will identify the major variables and the relationships between them. For example, #34;Effect of music coursework Sleep Deprivation on Math Performance#34; is an example of a succinct title that clearly describes what the paper is about. The APA style guide also advises writers to avoid phrases such as #34;An Experimental Investigation on. #34; or #34;A Study of. #34;. You should also avoid any extraneous words that do not add meaning to your title. All sources cited in your psychology paper should be included in the reference page.

The reference page should appear at the end of your APA paper. The purpose of this page is to provide a list of oral defense sources used in your paper so that the reader can easily look up all of the on transience materials you cited. One of the first rules you should observe on your reference page: If you cited the article in your paper, it must appear in the reference list. Conversely, if a source appears on your reference page, it must be cited somewhere in your paper. Your references should begin on a new page with the title References centered at oral defense, the very top. Do not underline, italicize or place quotation marks around the References title. Some More Basic Reference Page Rules. Your references should be alphabetized by the last names of the first author of each source.

All references should be double-spaced. Each reference should use a hanging indentation: the first line of the reference should be flush left, but each additional line of the freud essay reference needs to be indented. Defense! In article titles, only the first letter should be capitalized. If a colon appears in the title, the coursework first letter after the colon should also be capitalized. The title should not be placed in quotations, underlined or italicized. All major words in oral defense the title of a journal should be capitalized; i.e. The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

Longer works such as books and journals should appear in italics. In the case where the list research paper same author is cited multiple times for different works, start by listing these references in oral chronological order with the communications oldest reference appearing first and working your way up to the most recent one. Learn more about APA references: Tables are a great way to display a great deal of information in a concise, clear and easy to read format. In APA format papers, tables are generally used to describe the results of statistical analysis and oral other pertinent quantitative data. However, it is important to note that tables are not simply used to replicate data that has already been presented in the text of the paper and not all data should be presented in a table.

If you have little numeric information to present, it should be described in when i was a baby essay the text of your paper. The official APA publication manual recommends designing your table with the reader in mind. Strive to communicate data in a way that is oral clear and easy to abbreviations paper, understand. Basic Rules for Tables in oral dissertation APA Format. All tables should be numbered (e.g. Table 1, Table 2, Table 3). Business Ideas! Each table should have an dissertation defense individual title, italicized and presented with each word capitalized (except and research paper , in , of , with , etc.). For example, Correlations Between Age and Test Scores. Oral Dissertation Defense! Try to ensure that your title is neither too general nor too specific. Each table should begin on a separate page. Music! Horizontal lines can be used to separate information and make it clearer.

Do not use vertical lines in an APA format table. According to the new sixth edition of the APA manual, a table can be either single-spaced or double-spaced. The key is to keep the table readable and the spacing consistent. All tables should be referenced in the text of the paper. Tables should be last, after your reference list and appendixes. You should use a font that is large enough to read without magnification Focus on keeping your table concise. Too much extraneous information can overwhelm and confuse the reader.

Stick to reporting the most important data. Remember that your table is there to supplement rather than replicate the text of your paper. Do not feel the dissertation need to discuss every element of your table in your text. Instead, mention key highlights and tell the reader what to look for list abbreviations paper, in your table. Oral! Table headings should be located flush right. Each column should be identified using a descriptive heading. The first letter of each heading should be capitalized. Abbreviations for standard terms (e.g. M, SD, etc.) can be used without explanation. Uncommon definitions should be explained in a note below the table. Additional Notes to business plans ideas, an APA Format Table.

If additional explanation is needed, a note can be added below the table. There are three kinds of notes: General notes, specific notes, and oral probability notes. General notes refer to some aspect of the entire table; specific notes refer to a particular column or row; probability notes specify the probability level. Is the table needed to present data or could the data simply be presented in the text? Does the title of your table clearly but briefly explain what it is about?

Is the spacing consistent throughout the table? Does the body of the paper refer to the table? Is each column of the when i was a baby table clearly labeled? If your paper contains more than one table, are they similar in format and dissertation presentation? Are any special or uncommon abbreviations explained in notes? American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Author: Washington, DC. Journal articles should appear in alphabetical order in your APA format reference list.

Consult the marketing industry image below for examples of dissertation defense journal articles in list paper APA format. Dissertation Defense! Capitalize the first word in the title, subtitle, and proper nouns. Research Paper! Italicize the name of the publication and dissertation defense the volume number. The basic format of a journal article reference involves listing authors by their last names followed by their initials. Next, the publication year is enclosed in parentheses and followed by a period. On Transience! The title of the article should then follow, with only the first word and any proper nouns capitalized. The title of the oral journal should then follow along with the volume number, both of which should be italicized, and the page numbers of the article should also be included.

Finally, a DOI number should be included if one is list research available. Referencing electronic sources in APA format requires special style concerns. Electronic References Are Similar to Other References. The basic format of an electronic reference is very similar to that of any other reference. However, you do need to include the date the reference was retrieved from the dissertation defense Internet as well as the plans online location of the document. As you perform research and accumulate sources, always be sure to note the oral dissertation defense date you found a particular source as well as its exact location on the Web.

Use a Digital Object Identifier When Possible. Because online URLs can change, the APA recommends utilizing a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) in your references whenever possible. A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string that begins with a 10 as well as a prefix (a four digit number assigned to organizations) and a suffix (a number assigned by the publisher). Many publishers will include the dissertation efficace DOI on the first page of an dissertation electronic document. If a DOI is available, simply include it at the end of the reference as follows - doi:10.0000/00000000000.

How to oral defense Write an Artist’s CV When You Don’t Have Much (Or Any!) Professional Experience. The post How to Write an Artist CV in list abbreviations research paper 10 Steps is the most popular in the history of The Practical Art World. Some of the dissertation most frequently asked questions people have after reading it are “What if I don’t have an exhibition history?” or “What if I didn’t go to dissertation argumentation school?” For new and emerging artists, creating an artist’s CV can be a bit of a Catch 22. You don’t have much or any experience to put on your CV, but to apply for “experience” in the form of exhibitions, grants, and oral schooling, you are asked to provide a CV. Fortunately, there are ways to tailor what relevant experience you have into marketing communications industry case studies, an artist’s CV format. Just remember: don’t lie, and don’t make up anything that doesn’t exist. Just tell the oral defense truth, shaping it a little (creatively– it’s what you do best, right?) into the established CV format.

If you haven’t already read How to Create an marketing communications case studies, Artist’s CV in 10 Steps, start there. Below are suggestions which elaborate on some of the points, aimed specifically at “professionalizing” the CV of an artist who has yet to gain, appropriately, professional experience as an artist. Refer to point 1 in the original article. As I mentioned, many established artists keep this section quite short. Oral Dissertation Defense? However, if you don’t have a lot of music help other material and experiences to add to defense the rest of the CV, this is marketing entrepreneurial case studies a good opportunity to tell your reader about yourself. Oral Dissertation? Adding a very brief bio / artist statement can be good if you would like to industry entrepreneurial talk about experiences which don’t fit into the rest of the defense CV. If you are going to marketing case studies do this, just remember to keep it brief and concise. DON’T oversell yourself: you will look like a professional, dedicated emerging artist if you are honest. You will look desperate if you pretend to be something you are not. Example of bad contact details:

Sometimes called the world’s most famous artist. Email me! fancypants@yahoo.com Example of good contact details. Currently lives and works in Paris, France. Refer to point 2 in oral the original article. Dissertation Argumentation? Many emerging as well as professional artists are self-taught, and oral yet for some reason the education section of plans ideas a CV tends to oral be intimidating for all but those who have a Masters degree.

It doesn’t have to be that way. DON’T list any education on your CV that doesn’t explicitly link to your art career (like your degree in biology). Example of a good education history, for those who did not attend “art school” or university. Example of a bad education history, for those who did not attend “art school” or university. One hour workshop with Lynne McLaughlin. Informal classes with Tom Backlund. Has received feedback from Geoff Parker. Bachelor of essay Science, Biology major. One way to add exhibitions to your CV is to list any which are forthcoming.

If you’ve got something lined up, it’s perfectly acceptable to dissertation include it on freud your CV before it’s happened. Just add “(forthcoming)” to dissertation each exhibition which hasn’t actually happened yet. Another trick for plumping up your exhibition history is on transience a little bit cheeky. I realized this loophole when I saw some site-specific installations on a CV. Oral Dissertation Defense? After a little digging, I realized that the artworks were installed guerrilla-style. In other words, someone made art and put it somewhere without invitation or the help formal facets of a traditional exhibition. I’m all for this idea, as long as it doesn’t involve breaking laws or damaging property. It’s a great idea to oral defense show your artwork (though, you might not be able to case studies get it back), and certainly an dissertation defense, artistic project that can be added to freud your CV under your exhibition history. Just make sure you classify it properly, as to not mislead anyone! DON’T make anything up.

Example of oral dissertation a good exhibition list. 2012 Site-specific installation, “ Alleyway” , Vancouver, BC. Example of dissertation argumentation a bad exhibition list. Refer to point 5 from the original article. If you are an oral dissertation, new or emerging artist, you probably do not have your work in any public collections. Music? Luckily, it’s fair game to list anyone who owns your work, including people to whom you have gifted your artwork. Collectors who own your work are normally listed on your CV as “Private collection,” followed by their location. You should not actually name someone unless they have explicitly agreed to be listed as a collector of your work, and oral dissertation / or if you have some other reason to do so (for example, they are a very well-known collector). DO make a list of people who own your work, even if they didn’t actually purchase it; most of these you can convert to “Private collection,” followed by location.

DON’T put your Mom’s name on the list, or anyone with the business plans same last name as you. DON’T list a city more than once if more than one person owns your work there. Example of a good collection list. Example of dissertation defense a bad collection list. FINALLY, IF YOU HAVE AN ESPECIALLY SHORT CV AND THINGS ARE LOOKING DESPERATE. You can think of some creative ways to visually enhance your CV: Include an image of your artwork (not usually recommended, but between that and the blank page, one image is better). Center your text with large margins. Yes, this is cheating when you’re writing an essay. But if you do it properly, you can make your CV look visually planned and striking.

Include an artist statement and CV on one single page. Ideas? Often these are asked for separately, but if you are able to combine them, it’s a great way to make your presentation look great. 69 thoughts on “ How to Write an defense, Artist’s CV When You Don’t Have Much (Or Any!) Professional Experience ” I just LOVE your informative post, Fantastic advice!! I’ll be coming to read this again for freud, sure. Have a lovely day.

God Bless. Nice. Always a pleasure to oral defense read a well thought out post. Hello, I’m an emerging artist writing a CV. Your article has been very helpful, but I have one question.

I am an assistant for two artists – one well-known in music coursework help my area and one very well-known in the larger art world. I would like to dissertation defense include this work experience in my CV somewhere. The local artist is research paper a semi-paid position and the well-known artists is oral dissertation defense unpaid. While they are not exactly my mentors, I did take on these positions in business order to gain experience in the art world and learn about dissertation how to be a professional artist. I believe it would be helpful to freud essay on transience have their names on my CV and oral dissertation I am very proud of my work with them.

Where would you recommend putting these entries, if at all? Hi Bekah, I think it’s a great idea to add these to your CV. Communications Entrepreneurial? You can create your own heading, “Assistant-ships,” or something similar to list them under. I think it gets the point across that you are gaining experience, while still not explicitly naming them your “mentors.” Definitely include this! I would put it under the oral dissertation defense heading ‘Professional experience’ or even just a sentence saying something along the lines of: Assistant to: Damien Hirst (2004 – present), Anthony Gormley (2002) A lot of abbreviations research young and dissertation emerging artists do not have a lot of exhibitions to add to their CVs but it is worthwhile remembering art-related work (paid or unpaid) which was not directly related to your own practice, such as assisting other artists, or invigilation, volunteering etc.

This is a nice blog you’ve got going! I am always impressed by people who show dedication to music coursework their passions and to their craft. Defense? Your blog reminds me of a women who is currently offering a very unique service by showcasing her skills in list research spray-painting. Oral Dissertation Defense? I implore anyone and list abbreviations paper everyone to click the following link to see what she has to offer #128578; Hey thank you very much for this help, i really need it! Questions : In the exhibitions should i also include the title or something else than “Group exhibition, location, date”?

My problem is that i had to dissertation defense much shows in one gallery and it looks a little repeating!! Thanks #128512; Hi, it’s good to include the title of the dissertation show if there is oral dissertation defense one. Very helpful for the self-taught emerging artist! Thank you! How should I include online features? I have several features (interview, review, portfolio) online, how should I refer to them? Also, what to do with features/interviews that are not in English (I’m from Germany), should I include them as well? Online features are great to dissertation argumentation efficace include.

You could list the German pieces with their German titles, and include english translations in brackets if you see fit (but it’s not absolutely necessary). and additional question… under which category should I put online features? bibliography, publications or something like ‘selected press’? thanks for your help. so glad i found this!! #128578; just a question though what do you think of the oral more creative resumes/cvs? the ones where it practically looks like an artwork itself? I personally think it should look clean, readable, and marketing communications entrepreneurial case studies not too unconventional… then again, it probably depends on oral where you are submitting it! I have a business background, no artistic experience (at all), but a promising submission. Marketing Communications Entrepreneurial? What should I do?

I enter a lot of oral dissertation defense juried online art shows. How does one show these on abbreviations paper a CV. Checking my blog kenben.org will give you examples in defense my about me. Thank you for the great ideas for us beginners. I’d like to get a little clarification on exactly what constitutes an freud essay on transience, exhibition. I have had work for sale in several different galleries over dissertation defense the course of several years, but it doesn’t seem like that’s what is meant to plans ideas be included under the EXHIBITIONS heading. I have had my work in a few short term shows (not in oral dissertation galleries), and I’ve also just been juried in to show my work at coursework help, an important gallery.I think those probably do qualify as EXHIBITIONS, but it’s just a gut feeling. Could you please give us some guidance as to what qualifies as an EXHIBITION. Dissertation Defense? For example, does it have to be in a “gallery” or does a bunch of artists getting together to put on a show count?

Does it have to communications industry entrepreneurial case be a juried show or is it OK to count shows where they let pretty much anyone in? Does it need to be short term in dissertation defense nature, like a week or a month, or does having your work in a gallery for when, five years count, and if so, what do you list for the date of the exhibition? Whenever your work is exhibited, that is an exhibition. I don’t know if there is one true definition, but that’s what I think! I also think it is an acceptable rule of oral dissertation thumb for list research paper, your CV. If you have work on exhibit for a long period of time, I would suggest saying “ongoing” for the date. This is oral defense one of the marketing communications entrepreneurial case studies best, and easiest articles to understand,I would refer you to everyone.Thank you. Thank you for such awesome and informative articles! I was invited to oral defense apply for an artist in residence program (it was invitation only), and I was a finalist but I did not get the residency.

I feel proud to be invited, should I add this to my resume? Certainly you should! Just make sure that it is worded in such a way to make clear that you didn’t actually complete the residency. This is super helpful, thank you! I had a question though, I am trying to put together a CV [I am mainly an abstract painter] and I do have some experience and exhibitions to list but not a huge amount. I do however have a small business making artisanal jewelry out of sterling silver cutlery. Through this I have had some press and many juried shows. Should I include some of that in my CV as well?

Or just focus on the painting side? I would include this on your CV, as it is part of your artistic experience. Essay On Transience? You don’t have to oral dissertation differentiate between the two mediums or state what kind of work you showed–you can just list all the exhibitions together. Likewise with press. I’m kind of dissertation argumentation efficace wondering the same thing as the business person in a reply a few posts up. I have a master’s degree in… something that has absolutely nothing to do with art. I never took any formal art classes beyond high school, either. What I’ve learned about art is from oral dissertation defense, (lots of) reading and doing. I feel like I’m creating a body of work that is relevant and music help has plenty to say, but my only meaningful exposure is oral dissertation a reasonably active Instagram account that is slowly, but steadily gaining followers. Dissertation Argumentation? (I have a dA account, too, but that one’s not getting much action.) Moreover, for oral, personal reasons that I’d rather not get into here, I want to remain as anonymous as possible for now, and I would really like my work to just speak for itself. Am I just screwed, or do you have any ideas on how I should go about this?

Thanks very much. This is freud essay on transience very helpful as I’m getting ready to submit works for an upcoming arts festival. Dissertation? I’m using your ideas of naming instructors and private collections, A question – I am self-taught, however, I grew up in a family of artists and writers, such that being around paint and other materials is second nature to me. I also plan on argumentation enrolling in school with the goal of obtaining a studio art degree from oral defense, a local college. Should I somehow note these points on the bio/CV? Thanks. Hey… Thank you for this great article.

I have a question to plans ask you what if I have many art awards because I joined art competition since I was 12, how should I selected them to put on CV — should I put them all??– or only the award I got recently??– I’ve just graduated in art major so I’m very new to the real art world outside. Should I select only the 1st prize or was a winner? I would suggest putting the most recent awards, as well as the largest or the ones with the most exposure. You don’t need to put them all, just the ones which seem most relevant to your current practice. Dissertation? You can include awards where you were recognized but were not the “winner”, just make sure to indicate.

This is extremely helpful. Thank you. Echoing the long line of thank yous for this and a quick question – I’m primarily trying to promote myself as a painter and illustrator, however I work full time as essentially a creative director and graphic designer and coursework help while I think I probably should include it because it’s in a creative field and it relates, I’m not sure how much to include and what to defense talk about. This is very helpful! I wonder how best to show my education, I went to University for my BFA but did not complete my degree? I got extremely close but had to stop for freud essay, financial reasons. hi there all again…. Do you possibly have another useful blog like this about writing artists bio’s by dissertation any chance?! Thanks for the idea, this could happen in the future! Thanks for the great information I am an emerging artist one of my primary mediums is blacksmithing. List Research Paper? I have done demonstrations as a member of the local blacksmith guild at our states agricultural fair.

How would I reflect this on my CV. I also had my work on display/for sale in an attached shop how should I reflect that on my CV? You could make a heading called “Demonstrations” and include the oral dissertation info about the agricultural fair. If the essay works were on defense display, you could list that under “Exhibitions”. Hello there! This blog is wonderful and this post has been most helpful. My query: I sold one of my photographs to a large, well-known company for use in marketing communications entrepreneurial case a film, and I feel like I should list this but am unsure under what heading. Thanks for your help and time in replying. You could list this under “Collections” as the well-known company is now the owner of the work. Dissertation Defense? Side note: since the business piece was in a movie, it’s not a secret that they own it.

If they had bought it for private display or collection, it would be best not to defense list them by name unless they have given you permission to share their information. This blog post has been very useful indeed, thank you. I have a question relating to private commissions, I am a digital artist so technically no physical copy of the end product exists and plans ideas as such, I’m unsure as to whether I could list them under “collections”. Oral Defense? I have done some commercial pieces recently but most of my work is essay commissioned for personal use – how would you list this kind of experience on a CV? It’s remarkable in support of mee to have a site, which is oral dissertation defense beneficial designed for a baby, my knowledge. Thanks so much for this. It was a life saver! I am president of my local art guild.

Is that ok to have on the CV and if so, where should I put it? Wao! This is great info…i am an abstract surealist n hv been wondering hw to creat a great artist CV n dis is incredible…thanx alot. I was wondering if its appropriate to put in the pictures of the works you had done for an artist in your portfolio. I have been working for an artist and had been doing many of his art works. Do let me know before I request him for dissertation, pictures of the work. thank you for this. Hello, I am going to be selling some of my work at an art market and wanted to include this on my CV. Where would this fit under? Also, just to clarify on the collections point-is it okay to help put more than one from the same state(or county in England). Thank you very much.

What if my only exhibition was a senior show in highschool? And I have attended two colleges, do I put both of them in? Thank you so much,I hv recently moved to a different country,and as a young emerging self taught artist,I have been having difficultie marketing myself…thanks again. Thank you for this– it’s so useful. Oral Dissertation Defense? One question: Can I include favorable reviews in my CV? I am self taught jewlery maker and have exhibited in a few shows but I also have a regular stall in plans ideas a local makers market. How do I incorporate my stall into my CV, and oral dissertation defense also local shops that stock my jewellery? Should I? and list abbreviations paper what about previous stockists?

Reblogged this on Cricketswool and commented: I’m entering the Ellarslie Open in Trenton NJ and for the first time encountered a request to submit an artist’s resume along with my work. Oral Dissertation? This led me to a post on plans ideas The Practical Art World. I highly recommend this blog and oral especially this post to all artists. hi there, thank all of you very much to share your experience. i’m a self-taught painter and not much art training. i had a bachelor in acting from a national academy, should i include in abbreviations research paper my cv under the ‘education’? thank you a lot in advance best regards berkeley. I have an interesting situation. I started out as a fine artist in the 80’s. Then I veered off and became very successful as an illustrator. Oral Dissertation? Then I took off a decade to be an actor. I came back to illustration at the turn of century and had lots of success. About four years ago, I quit illustration and came back to abbreviations research fine art.

I instantly won a bunch of awards at high profiles competitions. I’ve sold and still sell a tremendous amount of work on my own and through an agent in Germany. I’ve always avoided gallery representation like the plague, but I’m evolving on that. All of a sudden I’m getting interest from several representational galleries. I’m given speaking engagements and workshops. Oral Dissertation? And everyone wants a CV. Problem is when i was that though I’ve been doing art for a long time, my CV doesn’t look like much and I can’t remember much of my winnings and exhibitions over oral the years, let alone who owns my work. Should I be putting in business ideas my illustration accolades too? I feel a bit like a fraud. What should I do?

You have no idea how this helped me! Your post was so easy to oral follow and marketing had such good examples. Although I really have very little to put in oral my resume, your tips helped me make it look decent! Thank you! Very helpful the comments too. Thank you for adding that part about “guerilla art”.

As a new installation artist (I’ve had two exhibitions now!) most of ideas my art work was created guerilla style, but I plan to only add one very large piece I did in my CV. Oral? As you say, don’t OVER play it. Thank you again for this. Writing the CV is putting a knot in my stomach. You helped me break it down simplify it. I think I can actually manage it now. #128578;

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1. Salesmanship: Ability to convince customers to make extra purchases by persuasively presenting entree wine pairings, selling desserts, and convincing patrons to return to the establishment. 2. Communication: Ability to host, entertain, small talk, and speak fluidly in dissertation front of strangers at length. Ability to work together with other food service workers as a team, often working in industry entrepreneurial pairs for bigger tables. Ability to oral dissertation defense keep a cool head when dealing with irate customers. 3. Management: Ability to teach new hosts and business waiters how to oral dissertation defense present menu items, how to use Point of dissertation efficace Sale (POS) Terminals, and dissertation test trainees for memorization of food ingredients.

Project Execution: Implemented new menu introduction strategies, increasing customer purchases of wine by 10% on average Management: Assisted in coursework help the training of 6 new waiters, ensuring attention to detail and dissertation comprehensive understanding of restaurant methodology and practices Awards and argumentation efficace Recognition: Frequently praised for excellent service on restaurant online rating system Salesmanship: Deep and oral dissertation broad knowledge of argumentation wines and appropriate entree pairings Communication: Fluent in oral dissertation defense English and Spanish – Excellent verbal and written skills. Familiarity with Point of Sale (POS) and marketing studies common restaurant machinery Able to oral dissertation defense memorize entire menu within a day, including ingredient combinations Proven ability to music coursework help “upsell” alcohol, dessert, and defense appetizers to customers Bilingual Spanish and list research English. Waitress | Los Angeles, CA | 2012 – Present. Memorized restaurant’s wine stock and oral defense appropriate entree pairings, leading to daily wine sales averaging $180, fully 15% higher than company average Wrote patron’s food orders on slips, memorized orders, and managed food resources in freud a 120+ seat restaurant Operated POS terminals to oral defense input customer orders, swipe credit cards, and enter cash amounts received Received in-depth training for music coursework help, proper food handing techniques, including proper freezer placement, appropriate soup temperatures, and oral defense equipment cleaning processes. Hostess Waitress | Los Angeles, CA | 2010 – 2012. Awarded “Employee of the coursework help, Month” two months consecutively Bussed tables, presented menus, seated customers, and assisted waiters with drink orders Trained 3 new hosts in providing excellent customer service and conflict resolution techniques. Florida State University, Orlando, FL. Bachelor of Arts in dissertation English, May 2008.

Three Transferable Skills for dissertation efficace, Food Service: 1. Customer Interactivity: If you have ever had any experience dealing with customers (whether you were scooping ice cream, greeting people at a front desk, operating a ticket booth, etc.), this type of experience is transferable into oral dissertation any other customer service job. 2. Research Paper? Technical: Have you ever swiped a credit card, operated a Point of oral dissertation defense Sale (POS) Terminal, or re-stocked receipt paper? All of these skills are transferable into food service. 3. Communication: Bilingual ability, especially Spanish, will help your food service career chances significantly. If you’ve ever had a job where you’ve had to speak in freud essay on transience front of other people, that kind of communication ability is considered transferable. 534 Shelby Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 24542 * (433) 623-6234 * [emailprotected] Superior salesmanship skills, consistently outperforming company peers Friendly, outgoing, and charismatic personality well suited for a fast paced, customer service oriented restaurant Experience with Point of Sale (POS) Terminals, with excellent basic math skills Working knowledge of wines, cocktail mixes, and other bartending skills Conversational in defense Spanish. Awarded “Employee of the Month” for industry entrepreneurial, consistently making achieving 15% above target sales Perfected menu presentation skills, providing customers a holistic understanding of the restaurant offerings, leading to more sales Trained 4 underperforming waiters in salesmanship methodology, increasing their sales to meet company average.

Experience with 3 types of dissertation defense POS Terminals, receipt roll replacement, and coffee machine cleaning Familiarity with common restaurant bread cutting machines, dishwashers, and knowledge of dissertation argumentation equipment cleaning processes Excellent basic math skills, able to oral defense calculate and split bills in the event of business ideas POS Terminal downtime. Consistently scored over 90% satisfaction rating on customer feedback surveys Conversational in Spanish (able to take orders from Spanish speaking customers.) Possess excellent conflict resolution skills in the event of customer dissatisfaction. University of dissertation South Carolina, Columbia, SC. Bachelor of freud essay on transience Science in Marketing, May 2005. 4 Steps to oral Writing the Ultimate Server Resume. “Food service” encompasses many different roles within a restaurant, cafeteria, or other food service establishment, such as waiters and servers, line cooks, bartenders, hosts and hostesses, and argumentation efficace busboys.

A waiter takes orders from a happy couple. These roles fall into what are called the “front end” (customer service) and the “back end” (food preparation) of the establishments. This resume is relevant to those of oral dissertation you with “front end” server experience. We will teach you why this is an excellent resume, and how you can write your own in a similar fashion. As a professional food service worker, you may currently be writing your resume in order to: Find a new working environment Earn more money Attain a managerial role. Read this resume writing guide to ensure you achieve your goals. By the way be sure to read our Resume Writing 10 Commandments to understand the argumentation efficace, major rules that all resumes need to follow, including server resumes. If this seems difficult, you can always create a food service resume in oral minutes with our widely praised resume maker. 1. Include These Key Server, Waitress, and Waiter Skills.

For some quick help, here are the key aspects you need to include on a server resume. Restaurant hiring managers will be looking for these specific traits to decide if you’re a worthwhile candidate. Be sure to include these key server skills on your resume. Keep in mind that if you have any food service certifications, such as a Certification in Food Handling and Safety, you should place it at dissertation argumentation efficace, the top of your resume. If you don’t have any, you can land more interviews and potentially increase your salary by defense earning one. The National Restaurant Association offers certifications here. 2. Write a Convincing Career Objective.

The first major section of your resume is called the Career Objective. This applicant’s Career Objective IMMEDIATELY puts her on the short list for an interview because she included relevant information throughout the objective. There are four reasons this example has a strong Career Objective. Pay particular attention to the bolded parts: 1st: It immediately states years of experience: 7+ years of experience in food preparation and service… 2nd: It indicates earned titles or certificates: Certificate in Food Handling and Safety.

3rd: It emphasizes deep knowledge of the business: Keen knowledge of wines, entrees , and the responsibilities of coursework a successful restauranteur. 4th: It states the position she wants to dissertation defense fill: “Aiming to…effectively perform a management position at your restaurant. A Baby? “ In the eyes of a hiring manager, this applicant’s Career Objective IMMEDIATELY puts her on the short list for dissertation, an interview because she included great resume builders throughout the objective. It is abbreviations research paper also well written, and oral dissertation defense targeted at the managerial role she wants to fill. Good news! Food service manager roles are projected to increase by business 11% through 2022.

It’s very important to remember that the Career Objective does not relate to dissertation what YOU want from the job, but rather what you can do for the company . In this way, the paper, applicant makes a convincing argument that she’d be an asset to the company in a managerial role. Our step by oral dissertation step Career Objective writing guide can give you concrete ideas about how to write your own. 3. Describe your Server Experience with Numbers. Adding numbers to your job description bullet points will help the hiring manager grasp the size and list abbreviations research scope of your responsibilities, and give them a clearer mental picture of your experience. By quantifying your resume, it will immediately become better than the vast majority of your competition.

The easiest way to do this is to simply write how big your food establishment is, and how many seats it has. Dissertation? The applicant does this twice for the two establishments she worked in, as you can see from the bolded text below: Write patrons’ food orders on slips, memorize orders, or enter orders into computers for transmittal to kitchen staff in a 150+ seat restaurant Present menus to patrons and answer questions about menu items, making recommendations upon request in a 70+ seat restaurant. Even by making this simple addition, your resume will immediately be better than the vast majority of your competition. If you really want to help blow away the hiring manager, you’ll need to do more complex research, like this example: Memorized restaurant’s wine stock and the meals they should accompany, leading to daily wine sales averaging $150, fully 20% higher than company average.

Do you know how much you make in sales daily or monthly? You can expect to oral dissertation make an average of $47,960 per years as a Food Service Manager. Most restaurants — especially big chains — will track their servers’ sales statistics for the purposes of budgeting (and, of help course, to cajole low performers). You can ask your manager to see these statistics, and include them on oral defense your resume. Even if you didn’t perform spectacularly (like the freud, applicant), simply including this information in your resume will indicate to the hiring manager that you are self-motivated and hard working. This is called writing an “achievement oriented” resume — and these tend to land the most interviews.

Bonus: Action Verbs for Your Server Resume. 4. Include Relevant Additional Skills. Your Additional Skills section should not list your hobbies and interests, unless they are relevant to the job. Being bilingual in oral defense Spanish and English is a valuable asset to have, especially for a managerial position. (For instance, a wine connoisseur would be a valuable asset to a restaurant that sells wine.) Since you are a professional food service worker, regardless if you are crafting a server resume or one seeking a more supervisory role, you should definitely include these bullet points in your Additional Skills section to a baby build a stronger resume:

Familiarity with Point of oral defense Sale terminals Problem solving and communication skills. If you also happen to be bilingual in Spanish and English, that also tends to be a valuable asset to have in a US based restaurant — especially for a managerial position. Candidate emphasizes having a Certification in Food Handling and Safety Candidate places Education Section first due to having recent school experience Candidate mentions her high customer satisfaction rating. Getting the Education Section Right. All entry-level candidate resume must begin with the education section. Coursework Help? Although this candidate has had prior work experience, it was as a trainee, or as a part-time worker. The most important reason the applicant is considered entry-level is dissertation defense because she just recently graduated from community college . This applicant has educational experience related to food service (Certificate in marketing industry Food Handling and Safety, BA in Food Science). Dissertation? Understandably, you may not — and that’s fine. If you have no experience whatsoever, you’ll need to write a very convincing cover letter that the music help, employer should take a chance on you.

The education section on an entry-level resume can be more detailed and whimsical than a professional resume , because it’s likely that you don’t have prior work experience. Defense? The hiring manager will be interested to know if you are generally an active person or not. Essay? Therefore, you can include information about: Clubs you’ve joined Greek life you participate in Relevant coursework GPA (if above 3.5/4.0) Other Good Food Service Industry Samples. Waiter – Newjobs.com (Note: One of the few decent resume samples in this industry on the net. The Professional Experience section introductory paragraphs are a bit overdone, and could instead use more bullet points.

Otherwise, this is a great sample.) Waiter- career-development-help.com (Note: A simple, but effective resume. Has a well done “Professional Profile”.) Cook – CC.edu (Note: Overall an oral dissertation defense, excellent resume, although the Work Experience section is not formatted very well.) Share Food Service (Waitress #038; Waiter) Resume Samples Our code geeks and HR experts are proud to introduce our new Free Resume Builder software to help you land more interviews in today’s competitive job market. We provide HR-approved resume templates, built-in job description bullet point phrases to choose from, and music coursework help easy export to oral defense MS Word and PDF. Get awesome job opportunities sent directly to your inbox. By clicking Send Me Job Alerts, I agree to the Resume Genius Terms of Use and when i was a baby Privacy Policy. Play the One-Minute Game That’ll Show You How to Improve Your Resume.

Think you can judge the quality of a resume within 6 seconds? The answer may surprise you. Put your skills to the test, and learn how to make your resume 6 second worthy! 3 Reasons Why I Wouldn't Hire Tom Brady. Tom Brady’s resume is a couple yards short of a touchdown. There are tons of errors throughout. See why.

How to Modify and oral defense Maximize your Resume Template. Need a resume template? Feel free to dissertation argumentation efficace download one, but be sure to make small modifications to unlock your. Would You Rather Work for a Man or a Woman? Do people still care whether they work for defense, a man or woman, or do most people simply look for a nice job. Resume Builder Comparison | Resume Genius vs. LinkedIn Labs. What are the differences between the major online resume builders? Here's an in depth analysis of what. Resume Genius' builder, resources, advice and dissertation argumentation efficace career tips are regularly featured on some of the world's leading online and offline publications including: Our code geeks and HR experts are proud to introduce our new Free Resume Builder software to help you land more interviews in today's competitive job market.

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100 Expository Essay Topic Ideas, Writing Tips, and Sample Essays. VirginiaLynne has been a University English instructor for oral dissertation, over 20 years. She specializes in helping people write essays faster and easier. Explain something or answer questions like: What is it? How should we define it? How do you do it? How does it work? What is the history of it? What caused it? What are the effects? What is the meaning of it?

This type of essay doesn't have to be dry and uninteresting. Choose a topic you really like or know something about and make it interesting to the reader by telling unusual details or making it humorous. Expository Essays Answer: How can I do it well? What caused it to happen? Why should it matter? Want a fast and easy essay? Follow these three easy steps: Choose a great topic: Scan the list of topics below, or pick something you either know a lot about or would like to learn about. Writing is always easier if you are interested in research paper the topic. Pre-write: Use my pre-writing worksheet questions at the bottom of defense this article to help guide you through the music coursework, process of gathering and organizing the information you’ll need to dissertation defense write your essay.

It may take 30 minutes (or more if you do research), but when you are done you should be ready to write. Edit: Use your computer's spell and grammar check program, and use Grammarly, which is a free check for plans, errors. Have at least one other person read your paper and give you advice. Finally, read your paper out dissertation defense loud so that you slow down as you read and notice your errors. One of the easiest topics is to write something that explains a person, place, event or organization at your University. Not only is dissertation efficace it easy to dissertation defense get information, you will probably enjoy learning more about your campus or the history of business plans your college. Interview other students, staff, or faculty.

You can use their quotes or stories as evidence for oral defense, your paper. Observe the list, place you are writing about. Sit down with a notepad or your phone and write down your sensory experiences (what you smell, hear, see, taste, and oral defense touch). You can even listen to conversations and observe people. Vividly-written details and personal experience make your expository paper stand out.

Research by looking at efficace, past issues of your college paper or on the college website. You might also find information posted on buildings around campus, the library, or in oral pamphlets at the visitor's center. Music! Explain the defense, requirements of an music coursework help unusual major at your school (like Aviation, Fashion Design, Astro-Physics, Japanese, or International Studies). Oral Dissertation! What is the history of your college? Who are the students at your college? What is the background of most students?

How are students different? What do they have in common? Pick a professor at your college to interview. What is business plans their background and oral dissertation how did they get interested in their subject? What is the history of your college mascot? Describe in detail a statue or memorial marker on campus. Research the history of the marker and the person or event it commemorates. How does one join a sorority or fraternity? How can you stay healthy while dining on campus food?

What's the best way to choose which college activities to be involved in as a freshman? How has your college has changed over the years? What do you need to do to get ready for argumentation efficace, a college football game (or other sport) at oral defense, your school? Why should people attend games of a less popular sport? (Pick one you like.) What's the worst way to study for finals? How can a student survive the first few weeks of essay college? How can you be a great roommate? What are ways to use the local coffee house to avoid studying? What causes college freshmen to oral dissertation be depressed? How can you help a suicidal friend? What do you have to freud essay on transience do to win a campus election?

What should you leave at home when you go to college? How best to decide which college to go to? How to get scholarships for college. How can one pay for college without getting into too much debt? What are the best scandals or memorable events in oral defense your college's history? Pick a building on when a baby, your campus: Describe its history and describe how the building got its name (especially if it is named after someone). How can a person best separate from their parents in college? How can someone avoid dating the wrong people in oral dissertation defense college? How long does your expository paper need to be? How Can You Relieve College Stress : Explains ways for college students to reduce the amount of plans ideas stress they feel about school.

What happens to juveniles who break the oral dissertation defense, law? What is homelessness? What causes people to be homeless? What is the Salvation Army? How do they help the needy? (Or choose another non-profit charity that helps the poor.) What are the effects on a family when a parent becomes a meth addict? What causes teenagers to run away? How does having a single parent affect children in the areas of education, hygiene, and nutrition?

How do people without health insurance get medical treatment? What is it like to be an illegal alien? What is the history of the foster care system in list abbreviations the U.S.? What is the history of affirmative action in education? What are its effects?

What is the process of prosecuting someone for domestic abuse? Why do women stay with men who beat them up? What does living below the poverty line mean? What is the history of welfare in the U.S.? How do food stamps work?

What is oral dissertation discrimination, or affirmative action? What is peak oil? What causes some people who grow up in bad circumstances to overcome them? What is sociology? How can bullying be prevented?

What is the effect of the closing of music public libraries in the U.S.? What is the effect of ability grouping in a classroom? What happens to kids when they drop out of oral defense school? What effect does social media have on interpersonal relationships? Good places to research social problems are government websites (which give current statistics), non-profit websites (which have information about programs to help alleviate social problems), and major news sources. Here are some places to start: Write About Science and marketing industry entrepreneurial Technology. What is Google Glass?

How will it change the way we live our lives? What are nanobots? How can they be used? What is a black hole and why are they important? What causes obesity? What is oral dissertation defense climate change? How is electronic music made?

Why is dissertation argumentation there an oral dissertation defense increase in autism? What is an allergen? What is an allergic reaction? Why is there a startling increase in people with allergies and autoimmune diseases in Western countries? What is Alzheimer's? What happens to research the brain of dissertation defense someone with this disease? How does wifi work? Explain the plans ideas, project to use DNA to store data. What is fusion energy? How close are scientists to making it?

What is electric clothing? How has space flight spurred inventions we use every day? What is a 3D bioprinter and dissertation how might it change medicine? How does a vaccine work? How do scientists formulate the flu vaccine every year? What is string theory?

How are humans searching for extraterrestrial life? How does the brain develop and change as we grow and age? Who were the Neanderthals? Did humans and Neanderthals ever mate? How similar are current robots to dissertation argumentation efficace real people? Explain Stanley Milgram's psychological experiments of 1961 and the controversy about the results. Dissertation Defense! What is coursework electronic paper? What is bioengineering? How has bioengineering changed our lives? Need help researching? Here are some links to good sources for accurate science and technology information, and ideas for your essay: CNN Latest Tech News: Updated regularly.

Popular Science: Links to current articles about science innovations. Discover Magazine: Features articles on science and technology. How does having a special needs child affect a family? What is the defense, cause of depression and efficace why is it rising in the United States? What is schizophrenia? What are the different types of this disease? Is there a cure? What does it mean to be OCD?

How can you recognize it? How can it be overcome? What is a psychological disorder? What is cognitive behavioral therapy? Who can it help and why? What is the dissertation defense, history of art therapy? Explain the different types of a baby therapy done by psychiatrists. Dissertation Defense! What’s the when i was, best way to oral defense read and understand an article in case studies a psychology journal? How does one become a therapist? What is defense a psychologist?

What do they do, and how are they different than psychiatrists? What is i was a baby essay bibliophobia? What is entomophobia? How does acrophobia affect people? What is xenophobia and how can it be overcome? What is altruism? What is the defense, rule of repricocity? What is heroism?

What is experiential learning? How do the stages of personality develop in i was a baby essay childhood? What is the bystander effect? What are the four explanations for why we forget things? What is a genius IQ score and what does it mean? What is a memory? Explain what left brain vs. Dissertation! right brain dominance means to most of us. Researching mental health issues can easily be done online, but you need to business ideas be sure you get articles which are in a journal that is dissertation either published by a university or written by professional psychiatrists or psychologists.

Here are some good places to i was essay start: Psychology Today : A popular journal that has easy-to-read articles for the general public. American Psychological Association: Features extensive links to articles, listed by topic. Full-Text Psychology Journals: Is a list of psychology journals which offer full-text articles. After you have a topic idea, what's next? You have to oral dissertation develop information that you will put into your essay and business plans decide on your audience and purpose. Then you will need to dissertation decide the point of view, tone, and style of writing you will use. Sound confusing?

Don't worry. Just answer the music, following questions to get ready to write. You can open up a word processing program, copy these questions, and then answer them, or do it the oral, old-fashioned way with paper and pen. Topic idea: ______________________________________________. (Write yours out.) What kind of expository essay is this? (How to? How does it work? Definition?

Fact? Cause? History of?) List or cluster different aspects or parts of your topic. Circle the aspects which are most interesting to you. Cluster those. Do you have enough to say or too much?

Do you need to argumentation narrow your topic or expand it? What sources can you use? Where can you find them? What are some things your audience would be familiar with which you can compare your topic with? What do they already know? What would they be interested in knowing? What kind of dissertation tone would be best for music coursework, this audience? (informational, satiric, humorous, folksy, professional?) Considering your audience, which point of dissertation view would be the essay on transience, most effective one to write in? Would it be better to oral defense write in argumentation efficace the first person (I or we), second person (you), or third person (impersonal)?

Your purpose (What do you want audience to think, do, or know after reading? This will be related to what your audience doesn't know.) Turn your topic into a question: ___________________________________________ Answer that question: __________________________________________________ Make a thesis statement: _______________________________________________ Essay map—sentence(s) which list main sub-topics: ______________________________________________________________ (These can be headers for sections of the paper.) Which sort of organization would work best for oral dissertation, you? Examples: chronological (in time), spatial (in space and plans ideas time), process (step-by-step), topical (part-by-part), cause/effect, historical overview, comparison and contrast, or reverse expectations. Write a brief outline for how you will structure the body of the paper. Which of these introduction and conclusion ideas could you use? Reverse expectation, expectation fulfilled, scenario (imagined typical story, also called a case study), personal story, frame story, vivid description, conversation, definition, comparison and contrast, analogy, startling statistic or fact, quotation, story from book or movie.

Choose the best one(s) for your essay and explain what you will do. Which person will you write in for your essay? (1 st “I,” 2 nd “you,” or 3 rd “he, she, it.”) Why? What sort of tone will you have? Why? (Example: serious and informative, humorous, sarcastic, enthusiastic.) 100 Problem Solution Essay Topics with Sample Essays. by Virginia Kearney 42. 100 Argument or Position Essay Topics with Sample Essays. by Virginia Kearney 37. Defense! How to Write a Summary, Analysis, and when i was a baby Response Essay Paper With Examples. by Virginia Kearney 55. How to Write an defense Evaluation Paper with Sample Essays. by Virginia Kearney 15. How to Write a Visual Analysis Paper. by Virginia Kearney 16.

100 Cause and Effect Essay Topics. by Virginia Kearney 37. 100 Science Topics for Research Papers. by freud Virginia Kearney 109. avanka stump 4 months ago. Oral Dissertation Defense! vanika chawla 4 months ago. really helpful for me as i have an business plans ideas exam this gives a lot of information, made me understand well. nattalie yousefian 8 months ago. this is a very great to look at because it made me understand what this means more than before I recommend this website for dissertation, others who do not get the explanation because it definitely helps a lot. This is really great stuff.Thanks a million. Ideas! Cameron Farley 11 months ago. Love the oral dissertation, topics. Dissertation! munaza chaudhry 24 months ago. Defense! It is amazing and proves very useful for me. this is a great list i'm in middle school and it helps when you have writers block my biggest surprise was so many variety's thank you so much. This will help me so much today, thank you for business ideas, putting up this site. It's very easy to read as well. Thank you so much.

T.B Whitt 2 years ago from the Philly area. There are a lot of oral dissertation great essay topics in this Hub. Elliott Shifman L 2 years ago. These are some great tips. thanks. #elliottshifmanl. Trisha Roberts 3 years ago from i was, Rensselaer, New York. This is very useful and educational! Absolutely love how thorough this hub was and very easy to read since it was organized very well. Thank you so much for writing this. Oral Dissertation! This web site is awesome :) dis ish right here 3 years ago. When I Was A Baby! Mona Sabalones Gonzalez 3 years ago from Philippines. Dissertation Defense! This is on transience such a thorough piece about writing essays, and oral defense I will definitely be referring to i was it now and then when I write.

I especially appreciate your pre-writing worksheet. Stoneage2010 3 years ago. These are some great ideas. Writing a paper in college always seems to freeze people up and they never know what to write. Even when you like writing, you just draw a blank. Thanks for the info! Crystal Tatum 4 years ago from Georgia.

Half a million views - wow! I'm not surprised that students find your articles helpful. You've tapped into oral dissertation a very receptive and never diminishing market. Virginia Kearney 4 years ago from United States. Thanks Crystal--My writing articles all began as handouts I gave to my own students. I started posting them here on HubPages so that my students who had finished my course still had access to on transience them.

Quite to my surprise, I've found they have been used by students all over the world. I have about dissertation defense half a million views of my articles so far after just a couple of years. I'd always wanted to write a book, but now I think that online writing is more fun! Crystal Tatum 4 years ago from Georgia. Wow what a great list! College students rejoice! I hope you have found some appropriate sites to market this hub toward said students.

Voted up and useful. CraftytotheCore 4 years ago. Very interesting! This is a great list. Bill Holland 4 years ago from Olympia, WA. A very useful list. I'm keeping this one and list will refer to dissertation defense it when I need inspiration.

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essay on oral dissertation horses The Long Riders Guild Academic Foundation. The world’s first global hippological study. Visit The Long Riders' Guild! Website designed by Basha O'Reilly. An Equestrian Writer’s Guide. In this motorized era the majority of ideas, humanity suffers from equestrian amnesia. Consequently finding correct facts about horses, saddles, distances, etc. is increasingly difficult, which explains why the LRG-AF routinely receives requests from oral authors in desperate need of truthful equestrian knowledge which they can incorporate into list, their work. To help encourage equestrian literary accuracy the Long Riders’ Guild Academic Foundation commissioned the creation of the most precise and detailed Equestrian Writer’s Guide ever created. Leading the project was author Susan Craft, who had incorporated the LRG-AF’s equestrian advice into her own fictional work.

Assisted by an international team of published, best-selling Long Rider authors, the oral dissertation defense result is an extraordinary set of equestrian facts, figures, distances and writing rules which reflect the honesty of true equestrian experience. Thoughts on equestrian writing by Long Rider authors. Jeremy James is a Founding Member of the list abbreviations research Long Riders’ Guild. Oral. Author of the two classic equestrian travel tales, Saddletramp and Vagabond , James is abbreviations research paper described as Great Britain's poet of the saddle.” His last book, The Byerley Turk, was about one of the three foundation stallions of the Thoroughbred breed. Legend had it that all three of these horses were Arabians. Yet while researching the project, James uncovered astonishing and previously “lost” Ottoman equestrian manuscripts in dissertation, the Topkapi museum in freud essay, Istanbul, which proved the Byerley Turk was a Turkoman war-horse. Far be it for me to presume how anyone might tackle such a subject , since we all have our own idiosyncrasies when it comes to what to spout upon the subject of defense, horses, but if there were one suggestion I would advance it would be to stop and think about any piece of list abbreviations research paper, received wisdom that people tend to hoy about without further thought. I sense that such things ought not to be accepted on face value since so often received wisdom is all tied up with opinion rather than fact, that and – well – straightforward bigotry. Oral. It’s only when one starts to unearth what lies beneath that one realises a whole world of when i was essay, difference lies exposed to dissertation defense, view and richer, wider world it is too – by a long chalk. The s nag is that not everyone is freud essay on transience going to oral defense, love you for it because you’ll be seen as something of an iconoclast , and people hate to see their precious traditional values questioned , but if you know you have hit a seam which has the power to dissertation argumentation, do this, then it were dishonest not to do so. You’ll need courage and defense, yes you’ll be laughed at; yes, people will reject what you say but the final word lies in your hard evidence and business, if you’ve got it, then that remains irrefragable and , mock as they may, you will be proven right.

Your efforts will set the record straight and that’s as good as it can get because you are dealing in truths not hearsays and as a writer of even the meanest integrity, you will have done your job. CuChullaine O’Reilly is oral dissertation a Founding Member of The Long Riders’ Guild, who has spent thirty years studying equestrian travel techniques on every continent. He led the a baby essay Karakorum Equestrian Expedition through Pakistan and was thereafter made a Fellow of the oral Royal Geographical Society. CuChullaine is the author of Khyber Knights , The Long Riders , and The Horse Travel Journal . Publisher of The Long Riders Literary Collection, he is now working to plans, establish the oral dissertation defense world's first equestrian archaeology programme. He and his wife, Basha, are currently planning the first equestrian journey around the world.

As a writer you need to address all of the issues dealt with in this fact sheet if you wish to research, introduce the concept of equestrian accuracy into defense, your work, otherwise you shall find yourself placing your characters into those Hollywood fictions wherein cowboys galloped their horses from sunrise to sunset, and then mysteriously found themselves comfortably sitting around a blazing campfire, complete with a giant pot of coffee and a Dutch oven full of beans. Such departures from reality, while perfectly adequate for i was a baby essay the cartoon cat Felix and his magic bag of tricks, don’t actually work for equestrian explorers. Doug Preston is a North American Long Rider who rode from Arizona to New Mexico across the Despoblado Desert, retracing the equestrian route of oral dissertation, Coronado, a 16th Century Conquistador. In addition to writing two accurate equestrian travel accounts, Cities of Gold and ideas, Talking to the Ground , Preston's fictional work can be routinely found on the New York Times bestselling list. One of the fictional accounts written by this prodigious and successful writer was recently made into a feature film. A Writer's Guide to Horses - what an excellent idea! As a rider and dissertation defense, a writer, I often work horses into my thrillers. Accuracy is as important in writing about horses as it is in dissertation efficace, writing about anything. Just because it's called “fiction” doesn't mean you can make things up - or rely on what you think you've learned from watching John Wayne movies.

As with any other complex subject, you need to do your research. Sadly, many writers either think they know more about horses than they do, or they simply guess when it comes to horses. In Hollywood and in dissertation defense, too many novels nobody walks a horse. They leap on dissertation efficace and gallop away, and hours later, when a real horse would be crippled up or buzzard bait, they are still tearing along the trail, their super steeds not even slick with sweat. But I think my pet peeve is when I read about dissertation defense, a character who, never having ridden before, mounts up and is suddenly riding like an communications industry case expert, tearing across the landscape bareback at a full gallop, leaping fallen trees and ten-foot ravines, outrunning helicopters or motorcycles or bad guys on black stallions. Many years ago, when I was a novice rider, I tried galloping bareback and lasted less than eight seconds. Dissertation Defense. As with anything else, if you want to write about horses accurately, your characters need to ride at their level of experience and industry case, skill. When I wrote my novel Thunderhead, I had a lot of fun putting inexperienced riders on horses and watching them get joggled around, fall off, or turn their saddles upside down because they forgot to tighten their cinches. As fiction writers, we cannot be experts in everything we write about. We cannot all be undercover CIA operatives, firearms experts, computer whizzes, archaeologists, New York City cops, cryptanalysts, or professors of symbology at Harvard. Nor can we all be expert riders.

That is why research is so important. Click on image to enlarge. Mare – female horse. G elding – castrated male horse. S tallion – male horse; also called an defense “entire”; in the US he may be called a “stud horse”; but never called a stud by the English, which is music what they call a farm or stable that keeps horses. Stallions have more natural aggression especially around other horses; usually ridden by experts. Foal – baby horse from birth to January 1 of the next year (horses mature between ages five and seven) F illy – girl baby horse. C olt – boy baby horse.

Y earling – in the year after the birth year (too young to oral dissertation, ride; most saddle horses aren't worked hard until at marketing entrepreneurial, least four years old; breaking and oral defense, training may start earlier) P ony – small, usually less than 14.2 hands high. Smart and sturdy, they are often used by essay on transience, ladies in pony carts or carriages, or for packing goods. Horses are measured from the ground to the top of the withers (the ridge between the shoulder bones) in hands. One hand is four inches. The average horse is dissertation 15 to 16 hands. Very tall horses may be 17 hands, and only unusual horses reach 18 hands. Ponies are usually less than 14 hands, two inches. Click here to see photographs of the different types and sizes of horse. Two areas of the body—the main body and the points, which are the ear tips, mane, tail, and the fetlock or the business plans ideas lower part of the oral legs—are considered when determining the color of a horse. (This gets a little complicated because color designations differ between UK and the US.)

Appaloosa – white hair and dark patches that may be leopard, flecked, snowflake or in a blanket. Essay On Transience. These originated in northwestern US and were formerly much used by Native Americans. B ay – red-brown body, black points—may be dark bay, mahogany bay, red bay (cherry bay), blood bay, light bay, sandy bay—but every bay horse always has black points. Black – black body, black points—may be smoky black, jet black, coal black, raven black (true black is rare) B rown – brown body, brown points; may be a seal bay (dark brown with black legs, tail, and mane) or a standard brown. Chestnut/Sorrel – reddish body, self-colored (non-black) points. When in UK refer to oral dissertation, Thoroughbreds or Arabians as chestnuts—a liver chestnut, dark red chestnut, dark chestnut, etc. Plans. In the West, “sorrel” designates light reds; medium or dark reds may be called “chestnut.” Some Western horsemen use “sorrel” for all red horses no matter the shade. Light sorrel draft horses with white manes and tails are known as “blond.” Dun – yellowish body, black points; may have primitive marks, which include a black dorsal stripe and/or zebra stripes on oral the legs; a red dun is freud on transience a name often used for a reddish yellow horse with red points and primitive marks; a grullo is slate-blue with black points; and a claybank is a pale dun color without black points. Duns are called buckskins in the US, and oral dissertation, even piebald or skewbald.

G ray – may be born black or bay, but each year shows more white—iron grey, steel grey, dappled grey, etc. A “rose grey” is born chestnut or bay. P aint/Pinto – white patches patterned as either Overo (white patches have ragged edges and rarely extend over entrepreneurial case the top-line) or Tobiano (white patches have sharp edges and oral dissertation defense, cross the top-line and usually with white legs) Palomino golden coat, white mane and essay on transience, tail; palomino with a cream-colored coat rather than gold, is called an Isabella—a term often used in oral dissertation, Europe for all palominos. Piebald – dark-skinned, born dark and turning whiter each year; large irregular solid patches of black and white. R oan – can be blue or strawberry; mixed colored and white hairs, staying the dissertation argumentation efficace same every year after one year old. A blue roan has black and oral defense, white hairs; red roans and strawberry roans have red and white hairs. A thoroughbred born chestnut may be called a “red roan” even when truly gray—getting progressively whiter each year. S kewbald – large irregular solid patches of list abbreviations research, any other color and white. W hite – pure white with pink skin; in western US white and oral dissertation defense, off-white horses with blue eyes are called cremello or if it has slightly red or blue points, it’s called a perlino (true white is rare)

Blow – exhaling through the nose with mouth shut, when curious, when meeting nose to nose another horse in greeting; if done gently followed by nuzzling, the horses are friendly; if accompanied by a nip at other horse or stomping of front feet, striking out or squealing, horses are enemies. B reathing – A healthy horse at rest should breathe in a slow, rhythmic manner. Accelerated breathing means he's either in the midst of physical activity or he's becoming anxious. E ars – Horses will rotate their ears towards whatever their attention is business plans ideas focused on. They can hear high and oral dissertation defense, low pitched noises that humans cannot hear; picking up sounds from list abbreviations paper further away and long before humans. E ar position – alert and interested (ears are up and pointed forward); sleepy, tired, unwell or submissive (ears are pointed out to the side, almost v-shaped to head); relaxed, unwell or bored (ears are pointed up and to the side); angry and aggressive (ears are back and pinned flat against the head). E yes – Fearful horses will generally have wide eyes surrounded by white; a soft, relaxed eye indicates confidence. H ead position – A nervous or excited horse will hold his head high with tense neck muscles. N eigh – a loud squeal followed by a nicker, with head high; done when looking for other horses or people, also called a “whinny.” N icker – vibrating sound with mouth closed using vocal cords; means “hello” when made softly and moving toward a person or horse; means he wants a mate when made more intensely and oral, accompanied by shaking of head; a mare will nicker very softly to her foal.

R esting foot – When a horse rests one foot slightly on the hoof tip, it generally means he’s relaxed and comfortable with you and his surroundings. Scream – while fighting with another horse. S nort – exhaling through the nose with mouth shut and producing a vibrating sound in when i was a baby, the nostrils; often with head up; when accompanied by a stare, he is checking for dissertation defense danger. S queal – squeals with his mouth shut; usually means “no.” Hollywood Fantasy - Movies often add horse calls as sound effects in the most unlikely situations. These cinematic horses who neigh and scream on music coursework help a regular basis are largely fictional. Oral. Horses are generally rather silent, though they will whinny if parted from their fellows, or nicker softly in greeting at feeding time. Horses rear, jump, backup, paw, move sideways and diagonally, buck, and music coursework, frolic. Horses can also be playful, graceful, reluctant, bored, uninterested, uncooperative, afraid, and upset. Defense. Many have a very strong flight response to the unknown – for some horses, plastic grocery bags and blue tarpaulins are very scary. Note also that if you have a group of horses, they have to efficace, be allowed to work out the oral dissertation pecking order, as they all have different personalities.

A horse that is happy and essay, trusting will move in a fluid, loose manner. If a horse’s neck, back, or leg muscles are tight and rigid, it generally will indicate a quick reaction or flight. Horses require an average of defense, two and a half hours sleep in a twenty-four hour period. They don’t need an unbroken period of sleep time, but sleep in short intervals of about fifteen minutes. They do need to lie down occasionally for business plans a nap for an hour or two every few days. If not allowed to lie down, they will become sleep deprived in a few days. They sleep better in dissertation defense, groups, while others stand guard to watch for predators. Wild horses run in herds, governed by a head mare, who leads. Stallions are there to protect.

Horses are creatures of habit and love to business, maintain the same pattern. Apples and fruit. Barley – this should be boiled or soaked for at least two hours before feeding as it swells when wet; soaking prevents it swelling in the horses stomach which can cause problems. It can be fed dry if rolled and crushed first, and is good for dissertation defense older horses. Bran – is easily digested. Chaff – adds bulk to food and prevents the horse eating too quickly. Corn – barley and oats.

Eggs – good source of protein; one or two fed daily can be useful to a hard-working horse. Grass – wild horses can survive on a grass-only diet; doesn’t work for a baby heavily loaded animals being urged to hurry across difficult terrain. In that sort of situation, give them grain to dissertation, keep up their body weight and strength. Hays – oat hay and timothy (horses don’t eat straw; that’s for their bedding). Horse nuts or mixes – comprising many of the basic feeds; different types meet the nutritional needs of various horses with different exercising routines. Legumes – peas, beans, peanuts, lentils, alfalfa and carob. Linseed – high in protein, only one handful should be fed with a feed; it is business ideas poisonous raw and must be cooked. Maize – should be flaked and cooked for easier digestion. Molichaff – mixture of chaff and molasses, used to add bulk to the food.

Oats – high energy food, easily digested if fed crushed, rolled, or cooked. Root vegetables – beetroot, carrots, parsnips, and turnips can be fed but in small quantities; cut into strips, rather than round pieces as they can become lodged in the throat. Shredded vegetables are also avoided by worms. Salt – fed in small quantities in the feed helps to aid digestion. It is important to note that colic is a leading cause of death; horses have very delicate digestive systems and changing feed suddenly can make them sick.

They also have allergies and can founder and become permanently disabled if they eat too much. Please also note that a very common term in oral dissertation, the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was to business plans, bait, meaning to feed. For example, It was high noon when Janet and her squire reached the rustic hostelry. Oral Defense. Here she proposed they should halt to entrepreneurial case, bait their horses. Schedule – feed horses in the morning, before setting off, allow them to graze at lunch, and feed again at defense, night. Water in the morning, allow drinking anytime water is i was a baby encountered or anytime they wish to dissertation, drink during the dissertation argumentation course of the dissertation day’s journey, and argumentation, watered at night. Quote on feeding from the legendary lady Long Rider Ella Sykes, who rode across the Takla Makan desert of Central Asia in 1914 – “The rule was to rise at 5 a.m., if not earlier, hastily dress, then emerge from the tent to attend to horses.

As soon as they began their morning meal, we ate our breakfast in dissertation, the sharp morning air. Business Plans Ideas. The horses were then saddled and dissertation, loaded. When everything was adjusted, and everyone ready to start, then we would walk out of camp leading our horses for nearly an hour before we began to ride. We usually marched for five hours and then halted for our lunch. We would lie by the water, in the shade of a tree if possible, as the sun by noon was very powerful.

When the worst of the heat was over, we would ride for another three hours to camp. After dinner we turned in to dreamless slumber.” Quote on marketing entrepreneurial studies feeding from Horse Travel Handbook – “Give your horse a good feed of grain at sunrise. Dissertation Defense. While he eats, pack up your camp and take a light breakfast. As soon as you have both eaten, saddle up.

Give your horse frequent breaks, and freud essay on transience, consider the cavalry system of 10 minutes’ grazing every hour. By starting soon after daybreak, you will have completed that day’s journey by oral dissertation, early afternoon. Marketing Communications Industry Studies. Only Long Riders understand that you need the afternoon go make arrangements with the locals, find a good campsite, and obtain food for yourself and your horse. Your work starts when the horse stops!” Quote on oral feeding from 1908 British Cavalry Manual – “The three guiding rules of feeding are – feed after and not before watering – feed in small quantities and often – do not work horses immediately after a full feed. Freud Essay On Transience. As a horse has a very small stomach for his size, he cannot eat very much at a time without impairing his digestion.

He should therefore, be fed little and often. Oral Dissertation. On the coursework other hand, a horse has very large intestines; and dissertation, bulk is, therefore, a necessity in his food. Horses will thrive indefinitely on grass or hay if not worked too hard, but they cannot keep in music help, health if deprived of hay or other bulky matter, however much grain they may be given. Within limits, the harder the horse works, the greater should be the proportion of grain to dissertation, hay.” Endurance of Horses. Endurance depends on a wide variety of industry studies, issues – condition of the animals prior to their departure; the season; that day’s weather; geographic challenges they face that day; proper fit of the dissertation defense riding and pack saddles; how often and accurately the animals are fed, and how talented the riders are. Based on a loose “ideal” situation, a Long Rider can hope to average between 15 and 25 miles a day. You don’t ride a horse cross country like you drive a car. Coursework Help. That means the Long Rider usually rides for oral defense five days and freud on transience, then takes two days off to rest himself and his horses. Walk – 3 to oral dissertation defense, 5 mph (four beat movement or gait)

Trot – 8 to research, 10 mph (two beat movement) Canter – 15 mph (three beat movement) Gallop – 25 to 30 mph (A two-beat stride during which all four legs are off the dissertation ground simultaneously. This is a four-beat movement) A team of six horses pulling a light carriage will go faster and farther than a single horse pulling a very heavy wagon. “Every mile traveled is a mile survived. When A Baby Essay. Distance is measured in time, not miles.” How far a horse can travel in a day depends on – · size of the oral defense horse.

· age of the horse. · how much the rider weighs. · how talented the rider is. · how much gear, including saddle, bridle, saddle bags, etc., is the riding horse carrying in freud, addition to oral defense, the rider. · weather and what time of year the dissertation argumentation trip is oral being taken. · geographic conditions – flat roads winding across pastures in Maryland; snake infested switchback trails in the Rocky Mountains; swamps, canebrakes, sand hills of South Carolina, the Steppes of Central Asia, the Himalayas, the marshes of France’s Camargue. · Writers should be aware of how the weather affects equestrian travel. Abbreviations Research Paper. Horses (like people!) find it very hard and tiring to oral dissertation, struggle through mud or deep snow, which sometimes pull their shoes off. If there is freud essay a very sharp, cold wind, all horses will try to defense, turn their backs to it, which can be maddening for the rider if they are trying to plans, travel into the wind! · time period/era – i.e. late 19 th century with accommodations for horse and rider found along all major roads in the eastern part of America; or early 21 st century when you can’t find a horse shoer or a barn if your life depends on it; mid-1700s in back country US with little chance of equestrian services being offered at outposts or settlements.

· if there is a pack horse in the equation; how much the pack saddle weighs; if the riding and pack mule get along. Quote from a 1917 British cavalry manual regarding the average pace for travelers -- “Distances covered in one hour, walk 4 miles, trot 8 miles, canter 9 miles, slow gallop 12, gallop 15 miles. Oral Dissertation Defense. The rate of marching should average about five miles an freud hour, including short halts. The rate of march will vary according to the nature of the country, the gradient of the defense roads and freud essay, the climate.” Click here to see photographs of some legendary Long Riders who made extraordinary journeys. Click here to oral dissertation, read about the different levels of riding ability. Click here to music coursework help, see the vocabulary used in the American West. Click here for a list of oral dissertation defense, Equestrian terms and business plans ideas, phrases found in everyday English. The Use of oral, Native Breeds by Long Riders. Members of the Long Riders Guild believe strongly in the strength and resilience of native breeds in list research paper, all parts of the world. In North America, that means the fabled mustang.

In South America, it's the legendary Criollo. Defense. France has the Camargue horse. And there are hundreds more examples of native breeds around the argumentation efficace world who are tough, intelligent, and resourceful - and dissertation defense, affordable! Unlike ex-show horses, which have been bred for business plans ideas the show ring and do not usually make suitable traveling horses, native breeds have had to fend for themselves until they were caught. Dissertation. They are also, by definition, perfectly adapted to the local geography and conditions, be they mountains, jungles, deserts or marshes. Many Long Riders have used native breeds. To name but a few: Dmitri Peshkov used a sturdy Yakut pony for his astonishing solo ride of 5,500 miles from freud on transience Albanzinski in Siberia to St. Dissertation Defense. Petersburg in the winter of 1889. Essay. Recently his amazing journey was made into dissertation, a part-fact, part-fiction film.

Aim Tschiffely used two Criollo horses in marketing communications case, his ride from Buenos Aires to Washington – the most influential journey of the twentieth century. Basha O'Reilly used Count Pompeii, a Cossack Working Horse, for dissertation her 2,500-mile journey from Russia to when i was, England. Pompeii was born wild on the Steppes and oral dissertation defense, ran free in the herd until he was caught at the age of three. When A Baby. Read Basha’s story for dissertation defense children, based on her journey. Robin and Louella Hanbury-Tenison bought two Camargue horses and rode them from the Camargue to efficace, their home in Cornwall. Robin is the author of White Horses over France . Guenter Wamser is, at the time of writing, using Mustangs to dissertation, complete his journey from Patagonia to Alaska. Remember, it’s not the i was a baby kilometers that kill your horse, it’s the kilograms. Bit piece of metal held in horse's mouth by cheek straps attached to the headstall and used to control the horse while riding. Bridle headgear for a horse; includes a headstall and bit and reins to give the rider or driver control. Girth (UK)/cinch (USA) strong wide fibrous or leather band around a horse’s belly used to secure a saddle.

Crupper a strap from the back of a saddle passing under the horse's tail; prevents saddle from oral dissertation slipping forward. Breast plate a strap across the horse's chest to prevent the saddle from slipping backwards. Numnah or blanket inserted under a saddle in order to entrepreneurial case, absorb sweat, cushion the saddle, and protect the horse's back. Headstall part of the halter or bridle which goes over the head behind the ears. Saddle back of the saddle is the oral dissertation defense cantle; the front is a pommel. Music Coursework. There is no saddle horn on oral defense an English or Colonial American saddle. Stirrup platforms hanging from the side of the saddle which provide the rider with stability and a baby, balance. Click here to see images of various type of military riders and dissertation defense, their equipment.

Types of marketing entrepreneurial case, saddles. The saddle varies according to oral dissertation defense, culture, climate, size of business plans, horse, history and job usage. Here are some of the most important basic expressions of this time-honoured art. African saddles are found in the region of Nigeria, where an ancient, and still thriving, native equestrian culture still thrives. There are various legends as to the origins of this saddle, one of which says that saddles from the European Crusaders made their way into Egypt, and then south across the dissertation defense Sahara into this remote part of the horse world. High cantles and a hooked saddle horn make these African saddles resemble those used in Central Asia and Afghanistan. American Western saddle . Studies. This saddle was derived from the high-backed Conquistador saddle, which in turn inspired the Charro saddle of Mexico. The original Spanish saddle's extremely high cantle was reduced, with enough height left to support the small of the rider's back. A leather covered horn was added so as to aid in roping wild cattle. There were three basic styles of original cowboy saddle, with Texas, Montana and California all producing various alterations of the theme.

With the advent of professional roping events, in the early 1950s, rodeo cowboys like Casey Tibbs ushered in defense, the tradition of reducing the cantle to a bare minimum, so as to allow for marketing communications industry case a faster exit from the saddle. Oral. Today's western saddles come in a variety of styles, sizes, weights and plans, colours. Though the oral dissertation use of two cinches was originally desirable when roping cattle, so as to ensure that the communications saddle did not take too great a strain, the majority of today's western only employ one girth. Argentine Gaucho saddle . South American saddles are made up as follows: first two saddle-blankets go on, then the carona, or skirts, which cover the blankets; then the saddle proper, to which are attached the oral stirrup leathers, after which the cinch and encimera, or upper part of the cinch which goes over the top part of the list abbreviations research paper saddle, is put on and drawn up. Then two, three and sometimes four sheepskins go on, and a sobrepuesto, or leather top cover, either calf or deer leather, is oral defense put above the sheepskins.

Over all this comes the pegual, or top cinch, and when it is freud essay all on the horse it weighs as much as, or more than an American stock saddle. Oral. The point most in its favour is that it makes a most comfortable bed, and dissertation argumentation, most South American cow punchers know no other. Australian Stockman's saddle. This saddle incorporates elements of the dissertation American western saddle, grafted on top of a traditional English saddle. In addition to a cantle, the Australians added bucking rolls onto the pommel, so as to ensure that riders mounted on industry case studies buck jumpers could retain their seats. Dissertation. Today's Australian saddles have been used with great success on expeditions, and in rough field work, around the world. Cossack and ideas, Csikos saddles , of Russia and oral dissertation defense, Hungary, provide a large cushioned seat for music the rider. Defense. These saddles are extremely comfortable and light-weight. English saddle . This light-weight saddle was designed for fox hunting and cross-country equestrian hunting. Freud Essay. Because the riders were tearing along at the gallop through open country, they were required to clear streams and jump hedges. Oral Dissertation Defense. It was thus necessary that the rider be able to come clear of the saddle in case of a fall.

Unlike the cowboy saddle, which was designed to when i was, provide the rider with the maximum amount of security, the English saddle allowed the rider to not get hung up in oral dissertation defense, the saddle and drug to death in case of an argumentation accident. European Cavalry saddle. Germany, Sweden, France, England and Switzerland, just to name a few, all employed a variation on the original Hussar saddle which originated in Hungary. A light-weight wooden saddle tree was covered by very durable leather. These military saddles were designed to carry the essential requirements for horse and rider. The majority of the weight was placed in two matching large pommel bags, which then rested above the horse's shoulders. It is only during the last few decade that large American style duffel bag saddlebags have replaced this time-honoured cavalry tradition, as by placing the weight over oral dissertation the horse's loins, the rider can cause kidney and spine damage to the horse. McClellan Cavalry saddle , used by American troops until the disbanding of the mounted armed forces. It consisted of a light-weight wooden tree with various D rings for argumentation attaching gear.

The middle of the McClellan saddle was intentionally left open so as to help keep the horse's back cool. Mongol and Tibetan saddles share a common origin and many similarities, in that they place the rider in a deep V shaped saddle tree. The actual space provided for the rider is extremely limited. Another cultural difference from dissertation defense European and American saddles, is that Mongol saddles use extremely short stirrups. This requires the rider to ride with his legs bent. Though used by various foreign travellers, the majority complained about the pain and danger encountered while trying to when a baby essay, adapt to this different style of riding and saddle. Pack Saddles. There are two basic types of pack saddles - European/American and Oriental.

The European/American pack saddle traditionally placed a small frame on a horse's back, then tied objects to the horse via a system of complicated knots. The Oriential pack saddle relied on a frame that reached so far down the oral sides of the horse that no cinch, or ropes, were required to carry the heaviest loads. Sidesaddle. Coursework Help. Before the 13th century, European women rode astride. After that a variety of political, religious and sexual factors helped establish the tradition which said that good girls didn't ride with their legs on both sides of the horse.

One primary reason for defense this change of mounting was the freud misbelief that riding sidesaddle protected a woman's virginity. The sidesaddle was thus an dissertation artificial invention which placed the majority of the female's rider weight on one side. Entrepreneurial Case. This resulted in injuries to the horse. Plus, because the sidesaddle effectively pinned the woman's legs inside hard wooden horns, which were hidden under the woman's long riding dress, it was not uncommon for female riders to become hung up, trampled and crushed when a horse fell. Defense. Because of marketing communications case studies, a combination of sexual repression, and engineering ignorance, early 20th century suffragettes were advocates of doing away with this dangerous piece of equipment.

Though still loyally adhered to by a small group of female fans, this debatable invention has largely passed out of use. Here is an excellent article by oral dissertation defense, CuChullaine O'Reilly about women's fight to ride astride and to vote. Spanish saddles are a direct descendant of the original saddles used by European knights, and business plans, their mounted descendants, the oral dissertation Conquistadors. Unlike European and American saddles, which either have horse stuffing or a sheepskin underlining, the music coursework bottom of Spanish saddles are stuffed with straw, so as to provide a soft pad for oral dissertation defense the horse's back. The Spanish saddle has a small pommel, thought it is not used for roping. However, it has a large, high cantle to support the rider's back. On Transience. The saddle is traditionally covered with a soft sheep skin, to ease the ride.

These saddles are still widely used, and several Long Riders have had excellent results with them. Click here to see photographs of the defense different types of saddles and horse equipment. Interesting Facts and Miscellaneous Information. Forehand - front of the horse. Hind quarters - back of the horse. Farrier - a maker and fitter of horseshoes. § Gestation; horses are pregnant for dissertation argumentation efficace 335-340 days. § The oldest horse, ‘Old Billy’, lived to be 62 years old.

§ To figure out how old a horse is vets will look at oral dissertation, their teeth (they have 24 teeth) § The first domestication of horses was probably in the steppes of central Asia between 3000 and freud, 4000 B.C. § On a carriage, the leaders are the front team, and the wheelers are the back team. § Horses can be driven as a single horse; a pair; a four-in-hand, holding all the reins in one hand; a team of oral, six; a tandem, with one horse in business plans, front of oral dissertation defense, another; or unicorn style with three horses — one in the lead and two as wheelers. Click here to see photographs of Miscellaneous Riders. Click here to see a list of Famous Horses. Susan Craft has a degree in Journalism from the University of South Carolina. She is a member of American Christian Fiction Writers, Romance Writers of America, Carolina Christian Writers, SC Writers Workshop, The Palmetto Writers Network, The SC Robert Burns Society of the Midlands, and The Historical Novel Society.

Her Civil War novel, A Perfect Tempest, was published by iUniverse in 2006. In 2011, her American Revolutionary War romantic suspense, The Chamomile, received the freud essay Southern Independent Booksellers Alliance Okra Pick Award. Oral. Published by Ingalls Publishing Group, The Chamomile features a 250-mile trek on horseback by coursework help, the heroine from the beaches of South Carolina, across the state, and into the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina. Susan is oral represented by Linda S. Glaz, Hartline Literary Agency.

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