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The crucible essay abigail

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att essay All online transactions are done using all major Credit Cards or Electronic Check through either PayPal™ or Moneybookers™. These are safe, secure, and efficient ways to make payment online. In this competitive business environment, organizations have to devise effective strategies to adapt in the dynamic business environment in order to achieve competitive advantage and essay market growth. In addition, it is general electric tomosynthesis, imperative for an organization to stand out in its industry; this is possible through exploiting unique resources and capabilities or devising strategies that are less likely to be imitated by competitors. ATT is one of the companies that have managed to emerge on essay, top in the telecommunication industry, which can be attributed to a number of critical success factors, which include a strong organizational culture, outstanding customer service, technology, innovation, brand name, and restructuring and downsizing. Despite this critical success factors, there are a number of areas that need improvement in ATT, which include strategic planning and performance, in the sense that the essay company should emphasize on hiring strategic employees to help the management find and decide on the way forward about the main issues facing the company and the industry.

Another area that requires improvement is with respect to its brand name, wherein, the firm can rebrand its operations in green technologies, which caters for issues such as climate change, environmental protection and energy efficiency. In addition, ATT should invest strategically in the internet-based RD to come up with affordable and timely technologies. Some of the critical success areas with respect to technology include virtualization, green data center and cloud computing. In this competitive business environment, organizations have to the crucible essay abigail, devise effective strategies to adapt in the dynamic business environment in order to achieve competitive advantage and market growth (Goldsmith Hu-Chan, 2003). The business-level and corporate strategies adopted by any organization should be able to respond effectively to the changes taking place in their environments. In addition, it is imperative for an organization to stand out in its industry; this is possible through exploiting unique resources and capabilities or devising strategies that are less likely to be imitated by introduction, competitors. One of the companies that have managed to deploy effective strategies is ATT, which is an American based multinational telecommunication company headquartered in downtown Dallas, Texas. It was formerly known as, the American Telephone and the crucible Telegraph Company. The foundation of the corporation that would become ATT was established by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. ATT is a Fortune 500 company and writing university one of the 30 stocks that amount to the Dow Jones Industrial Average. As of January 2013, the company had 240,000 employees.

It operates in four segments: Wire line, Advertising Solutions, Wireless and Other. ATT#8217;s other unit includes customer information services (operator services) and corporate operations. As of June 2012, ATT offered both fixed and mobile telephony in the US. The company also provided broadband subscription services television services. During the same year, it was the 13th largest non-oil company in the world, and the 17th largest company globally in terms of market share.

In 2012, the company reported consolidated revenue of $126.7 billion under the leadership of the chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Randall Stephenson. As of the crucible essay June 2013, ATT was the largest telecommunication holding company in the world in terms of revenue. With. As of May 2013, ATT reported a market capital of $200.06 billion (Forbes, 2013). Its subsidiaries include ATT mobility, ATT Corp., and ATT Teleholdings. This report identifies the key success factors at ATT, the the crucible factors that need improvement, and make recommendations for plan dissertation, ATT to the crucible essay abigail, increase its market share and growth. Essay University. ATT Key Success Factors. Strong Organizational Culture. Organizational culture refers to abigail, all aspects that uniquely identify an organization.

This includes the george values, policies mission, vision, ethics, brand and beliefs (Mckeown, 2012). ATT is engaged in essay, a very volatile and dynamic industry. The ATT code of conduct states that ATT is a global telecommunication company that connects people with their world, everywhere they work and tomosynthesis live, and does this better than any other organization. Essay Abigail. This mission statement unifies and provides direction for the company. ATT’s mission also provides a framework for all the stakeholders to protect the company’s long-lasting reputation as a reliable, honest and ethical business. These aspects propel its brand name to greater heights in the telecommunication industry. The goal of the company is to enrich its customers’ lives and make the business more successful by providing useful communication services and build the shareholders’ value in the process (ATT, 2013). ATT’s Code of Business Ethics outlines certain fundamental commitments the company makes to its customers, shareholders and to all who play a role in ATT success (ATT, 2013). The Code of Business Conduct provides rules that cover most challenges or situations. It serves as the guide to the company’s commitment and lead it to ethical decisions that eventually benefit all ATT’s stakeholders.

By maintaining those commitments and making those critical decisions, the company safeguards its solid reputation (ATT, 2013). Plan. ATT reputation enables it to deliver on its mission with integrity and honest customers expect. The Code of Business Ethics also ensures that unlawful harassment; for the crucible essay abigail, example, sexual harassment and discrimination in employment is not tolerated. An Introduction To An University. This aspect is based on the fact that actions that may make others feel offended lose dignity or to feel intimidated ails the whole company in the crucible essay abigail, terms of performance or productivity. Motivated employees put more effort on their individual and group tasks, which results in electric, higher overall productivity. High efficiency and performance is the crucible essay, also subject to a high employee turnover and milton character essay lower absenteeism. The Crucible Abigail. ATT encourages success based on individual performance and abilities regardless of the color, national origin, religion, race, age, gender, sexual orientation, marital status, disability and citizenship status (Whitacre Cauley, 2013).

The company strongly supports and adheres to laws that prohibit discrimination in all aspects of george milton character its operations. According to Whitacre Cauley (2013), ATT’s success is the crucible abigail, based on that fact that the company supports a work environment that is diverse and inclusive. The company respects and embraces the diversity in cultural traditions and social customs. It also creates a secure and safe place to work. The importance of a safe working environment is part of ATT’s organizational culture. ATT promotes safety to about, protect both its customers and workforce.

This is evident by the crucible abigail, the reasonable precautions the company has taken to safeguard the public (Hill Cronk, 2010). Outstanding Customer Service. ATT has a reputation of providing a superior customer experience to its customers when compared to its competitors in the telecommunication industry. Because of its commitment to offer high quality services, ATT consumer communication services received a quality honor in 2013. ATT also employs a hybrid of differentiation and cost effective strategies in its market. Product differentiation has also contributed to its success for the past decade. Type Economique. The company also has a language line service which gives its customers access to effective and professional interpreters in essay abigail, over 250 dialects and languages instantly.

When a customer needs an interpreter, the language line is usually on technology essay, within a minute given that it request is set up. This language line is customer-oriented and accommodates special requests. According to essay, ATT (2013), the ATT Language Line scores high marks from writing, customers as a user-friendly, customer focused and fast service. Its outstanding customer service gives it a competitive advantage in the telecommunication industry. The other factor driving ATT’s success is the fact that the company runs its business with business partners, third parties and suppliers that enhance its level of customer service and provide products of better-quality. It is in abigail, the culture ATT to seek suppliers that share its commitments to writing to an essay university, human rights, for example, the labor rights. It also carries engages suppliers that embrace diversity, ethical and sustainable business practices.

ATT also emphasizes that its customers always know that they are valued. The company fairly represents its products and services to the crucible essay, customers or consumers (ATT, 2013). George Character Essay. The CEO pointed out the success is essay, associated with the type fact that they listen to customers, and challenge themselves to the crucible essay, find new and feasible ways to provide solutions of high quality available to help them communicate efficiently, safely and college sustainably (ATT, 2013). Whitacre Cauley (2013) also noted that the company has earned and preserved customers’ trust by the crucible essay, treating them with integrity and honesty as well as in a professional and courteous manner. Given that customers are at beginning an essay quote the core of an organization’s success, ATT strives to the crucible abigail, deliver what it promises. In scenarios where the ATT’s customers are its suppliers and competitors as well, the company serves them in the same professional manner it would extend to any customer. In today’s dynamic market, technology plays a critical role in the success of a business (Hirschey, 2010).

This is subject to the fact that technology propels all the an essay with a block quote management functions including planning, controlling, organizing, staffing and directing. Some of the aspects of the crucible technology include the use of computers, mobile devices and the internet. An Essay With Quote. According to the crucible, Maddock, Uriarte, Flaim, Miller (2011), technology is a Critical Success Factor (CSF) for george milton character, any organization since it can be incorporated in almost all organizational processes to increase efficiency. For example, the use of the essay abigail internet based services has enabled the company to writing an introduction to an, sustain successful relations with customers and essay local suppliers (ATT, 2013). Technology has enhanced speedy response and communication both internally and the external environments. The extensive implementation of up-to-date technologies has enabled the company to increase its competitiveness versus its competitors.

Online marketing and advertisement has also enabled ATT to tomosynthesis, attract new customers (ATT, 2013). Abigail. The use of social platforms such as Twitter and an essay Facebook has also directed traffic to its website. ATT’s website is customer oriented and offers a high customer experience because it is user-friendly and light (ATT, 2013). ATT has also a centralized Information Technology strategy for its telecommunication services sourcing. Essay. This has assisted the company to streamline and simplify its contracting process (ATT, 2013).

The centralized IT strategy is based on the logic that the corporation has distributed locations in the US and other regions. For example, ATT has an Asian regional headquarter in introduction about, Hong Kong. The centralized IT strategy involves the development of common practices or templates for qualifying vendors in the process of essay abigail submitting proposals, weighting and defining provider selection criteria. Writing To An Essay. It also involves the creation of scorecards or metrics to use in vendor management (Whitacre Cauley, 2013). By sharing a common a foundation line of sourcing policies and templates regardless of the organizational structure in abigail, distributed locations, ATT has managed to reduce the administrative tasks and radford essay resources essential for managing each phase of the abigail acquisition cycle. This approach has also resulted to better contracts, potentially faster and easier contracting, and with a block quote improved vendor management and contract governance.

The company was also awarded 2013 Corporate Excellence Honor for Cyber Security Leadership by National Association of Counties (ATT, 2013). Communication at ATT takes many forms, including the social media like blogs and Wikis are appropriate, professional, and respectful (Forbes, 2013). At ATT, the communications systems in place are primarily for business use. Employees occasionally use the abigail systems for personal e-mail or Internet access. However, the company does not allow this application to be disruptive to the stipulated needs of the business. The company also maintains its reputations by deterring the use of its communication systems distribute or access obscene or offensive media. ATT has differentiated its products on the basis the quality of the network and customer service. According to the 2012 ATT annual report, the company continues to set and quickly break records within its industry. The Leitchman Research Group 2012 survey notes indicates that ATT has recorded an increased number of calls handled by its network as well as the number of its broadband internet subscribers. At the writing an introduction end of 2011, the company had 16,472, 000 broadband subscribers (LRG, 2012) whereas its closest competitor, Verizon, had 8,670,000 subscribers. The Crucible. ATT also had approximately 21,200, 000 residential phone lines, followed by Verizon and Comcast with 12,626,000 and 9, 342,000 residential phone lines respectively (LRG, 2012)y.

The use of george milton character technology has enabled ATT’s network to be more resourceful to its customers every day. Some of the abigail improved features include dial-up video conferencing and internet access. In the current global landscape, innovation is inevitable and has been enshrined in ATT’s organizational culture. Innovation gives the company a competitive and sustainable advantage in the industry. Furthermore, innovation is the company’s distinctive core competency that keeps it growing. ATT’s organizational culture values creativity and encourages different perspectives in assessing risks for new opportunities. In 2012, the company won CIO 100 award for the fifth year because of its innovation (ATT, 2013). According to ATT (2013), customers visiting the ATT’s retail stores in the United States reported an radford college, enhanced experience and fast service, which was made possible by ATT’s innovative use of technology. ATT invests heavily in Research and Development. Its laboratory constantly seeks new ways of making technology more useful to its customers and employees. ATT is one of the most popular brands globally (Whitacre Cauley, 2013).

According to Forbes (2013), ATT’s brand name is the crucible essay, number 21 in the world’s most recognized brands. George Character Essay. ATT managed to reach the global standard recognition because of quality products and essay services and high advertising budgets. According to Maddock, Uriarte, Flaim, Miller (2011), consumers apparently are willing to pay more for popular brands than unknown products. Effective branding process conveys the brand message vibrantly, create and maintain customer loyalty, persuade the type potential customers for the product, and develop an emotional linkage with the customers. ATT’s branding efforts generally forms the potential customers’ perceptions about its products and services. The Crucible Essay Abigail. It should raise customer expectations about the product. The main reason behind creating branding in a volatile industry is to create differentiation.

ATT’s strong global brands reduce customers’ perceived social, safety and an essay monetary, risks in buying products or service. Essay. The potential customers can easily link with the intangible goods with the help of a strong brand name. For instance, customers may subscribe to the broadband services because of the strong brand ATT enjoys globally. Furthermore, the introduction technology strong brand corporation has high market share. Maddock, Uriarte, Flaim, Miller (2011), pointed out the crucible, that ATT gives its brand a good worldwide support and that is why it has been able to sustain itself for college, a long time. They also highlighted that the company has developed brand equity through brand management over the crucible abigail, a period of time.

Brand management has helped ATT to building a strong corporate image. This has been achieved through the professional brand managers who oversee ATT’s overall brand performance. ATT is a successful brand because the brand management system is competent. The modern globalized economy, technology driven markets have created new challenges to branding. Customers or consumers have gained more access to a company’s and product information than ever before. The internet has become central framework through which product information propagate raising expectation level for companies (Maddock, Uriarte, Flaim, Miller, 2011). ATT has responded to this challenge by managing the way it operates its marketing campaigns, by exploring new platforms or media to showcase its products and services. For instance, the company sponsors teams, events and george involvement with a social cause. ATT is a corporate sponsor of the Boston marathon.

The company also embraces the social media platforms to market its brand and sustain its market share. Essay Abigail. This includes Facebook and twitter. Introduction About Technology. ATT considered its brand to essay, be important not only for the company, but also for consumers or potential customers. For the general tomosynthesis potential customers or consumers, the brand indicates a commitment towards quality from ATT hence reducing the time taken in arriving at essay a purchase decision. For ATT, the brand indicates a sort of beginning quote point of reference in terms of product quality as well as the customer expectation. To summarize, ATT’s brand acts as a point of differentiation from its rivals and a steady source of profit. Restructuring and Downsizing. The modern business landscape is characterized by rapid transformations brought about because of technological, social, political and economic changes.

Change has become inevitable in the modern globalised economy. The Crucible Essay. Moreover, the rate of market transformation is extremely rapid and the degree of damage or losses in writing university, businesses that resist change is brutal that the only option out for most firms is to embrace change or risk failing. Abigail. Based on general electric tomosynthesis, this observation, it is abigail, very critical that businesses establish the capabilities to adjust and drive change to their advantage (Whitacre Cauley, 2013; Hill Cronk, 2010). Given that telecommunication industry has a very turbulent external environmental pressure, the company restructured itself by buying SPRINT, MCI, QWEST and Bell Atlantic (ATT, 2013). For ATT to become the low cost provider without compromising its profit margins within the industry, it has to restructure and discontinue expensive marketing promotions. Some of the external factors include government regulatory policies and competition from its competitors. To An. Stiff competition threatened the essay loss of the main revenue obtained from long distance services. Such pressures made the company to strategically downsize and restructure with profit margins in focus (Whitacre Cauley, 2013). For example, the company reduced its skilled and capable workforce by 13 percent. Plan Dissertation. The argument was that, the employment levels chosen represented a number of people needed to abigail, achieve the an introduction essay university company’s mission in the increasingly cost-sensitive and competitive set of businesses. Abigail. In addition, the lay-offs were not simply because of the economic recession.

In this situation, downsizing was attributed to the long time effort of restructuring the company to minimize its operational costs. As much as most employees were bewildered by the approach, the change on the environment was justified by the increased profit margins. According to Mckeown (2012), business transformation is critical for ensuring sustainability in turbulent marketplace. ATT’s survival and success is attributed to radford, the fact that it is strategically flexible. It underwent restructuring and downsizing because profit and the crucible survival were the main concern. Despite the plan type process of restructuring being costly, disruptive and essay abigail threatening at first, change has to be embraced when necessary to achieve a desired state. ATT’s Chairman and CEO, Randall Stephenson, clearly defined the need to embrace change when necessary. The messages were conveyed in the annual reports and the Code of Business Ethics (ATT, 2013). This approach was aimed at building trust and clarifying the mission. Randall Stephenson took a dramatic approach to streamline spending. Some of the savings were registered on telemarketing and direct mails to beginning with, customers.

He also focused on targeted customer segments. The strategy resulted in reduced administrative expenses across business units (Whitacre Cauley, 2013). Abigail. The reduction in support and writing corporate staff, as well as the consolidation of functions lowered the marketing and sales costs. Essay. ATT’s new CEO Randall Stephenson’s cost reduction strategy of outsourcing allowed the plan economique company to obtain greater sales at a minimal cost. ATT was structured into three independent companies: Lucent Technologies, ATT Communications and the crucible essay abigail NCR Corporation. Decentralized decision making replaced centralized decision making.

The move distribute operations with a reduced permanent core employees reduced the human capital cost. The company also relied on its core employees to work efficiently and effectively by encouraging participatory leadership practices. This empowered them to take part in decision making thereby providing satisfactory customer experience and support to customers. Overall, the organizational culture at character essay ATT had to be transformed because of the external environmental factors. The Crucible Essay Abigail. The change ensured survival and writing an introduction essay university increased profit margins. Therefore, downsizing and restructuring are some of the key factors linked to essay, the success of the company since the company managed to retain its share value and markets. Factors that Need Improvement at ATT. Innovation and university Technology. To survive in abigail, the telecommunications industry in the future, ATT must totally embrace the revolutionary impact of Internet technology on businesses. This will be an avenue to provide a wide range of telecommunication services beyond 4G LTE to add monetary value of writing an introduction to an university maintaining its customers. The Crucible Abigail. In the current globalised economy, technology underpins communication and the way business is conducted (Forbes, 2013).

There is a compelling need to transmit huge amounts of data safely and at an affordable cost. Internet telephony is also emerging as a substitute of the traditional cable lines. ATT should invest strategically in the internet-based RD to come up with affordable and timely technologies. Some of the critical success areas with respect to technology include virtualization, green data center and cloud computing (Maddock, Uriarte, Flaim, Miller, 2011). The company should also make innovation and RD a higher priority than focusing on its local market because it one of the strategic critical growth areas in the telecommunications industry. In spite of ATT being one of the most recognized brands in type economique, the world, the company should come up with new ways to sustain the brand in the current market threatened with new entrants, high consumer bargaining power and threat of substitutes at the global landscape (Whitacre Cauley, 2013).

The firm can rebrand its operations in green technologies, which caters for issues such as climate change, environmental protection and the crucible essay energy efficiency. These measures will promote ATT’s brand name to be more global and win the global recognition, especially with regard to the emerging ethical consumerism, wherein consumers’ buying decisions are influenced by the firm’s commitment towards factors such as environmental conservation. The company not only needs to build on general, its achievements, but also to identify and implement innovative approaches to win and serve its customers’ needs more effectively. This can be achieved through consolidation of RD and extensive marketing (Mckeown, 2012; Capon, 2008). Through this, the company will be employing its rare resources and distinctive capabilities to the optimum. Consequently, the company will build a strong brand name and a distinctive advantage crucial for its presence in the competitive industry (Alkhafaji, 2003). Strategic Planning and the crucible abigail Performance Management. Effective strategic planning will help the corporation to improve its performance in the future. College Essay. ATT should emphasize on hiring strategic employees to help the management find and decide on the way forward about the main issues facing the company and the industry (Whitacre Cauley, 2013). ATT’s success is the crucible essay, about creating value for the key stakeholders of the business. Strategic planning and thinking will enable the company to focus on this value creation and not on type dissertation, the management practices or tools (Peng, 2008).

Investing in strategic leadership will improve long-term performance of the company at essay abigail low risks. George Milton Essay. In addition, ATT must also engage commitment to the long-term strategic objectives for the company’s success (Duane Hoskisson, 2008). Furthermore, the company’s chosen strategies after an evaluation must be monitored and implemented against the long-term objectives. For example, a restructuring or acquisition approach should be evaluated and implemented in reference to the company’s desired state. Productivity can be optimized by evaluating and measuring employees’ performance (Mckeown, 2012). ATT should take steps to the crucible, successfully address the negative view of introduction technology essay performance management. This can be achieved by implementing innovative solutions or procedures that ensure real results are delivered to improve performance. An automated performance management system is recommended to implement best practices across ATT. such a system would create documentation to reduce disputes and support decisions. It would also establish focus for the crucible abigail, skill development, especially in technology, and to logically develop learning activity choices. Additionally, ATT should align individual employee’s daily activity with the strategic business objectives to optimize productivity.

Conclusion and recommendations. ATT is a global company; therefore, it needs to beginning with, continue making tremendous efforts in building a strong brand by focusing on the quality of products, enhancing innovation capacity, providing the best support or service and embrace a strong sense of corporate social responsibility. ATT can rebrand its operations in green technologies, which caters to such issues as climate change, environmental protection and energy efficiency. The company should also continue providing high-speed differentiated products so that it can adjust the prices in the market accordingly. This is subject to the fact that high-speed internet access services enables its online based customers to operate online rather than using the traditional lines for calls. The internet business is also justified by the fact that online distant learning and online careers are fast-growing trends.

Most women are also seen to the crucible, work online or learn about careers and career advancements. Almost all businesses have websites or intranets which needs reliable and an essay quote fast internet services. This highlights the justification for investment in internet technology RD or innovation. The global market will benefit from an unprecedented array of global products, which translates into development and growth of their operations at an affordable cost. ATT should also invest in the diffusing industry of mobile devices or smart phones which connect most of the users to abigail, the internet without accessing computers. This will benefit its mobile customers. ATT’s corporate strategies must be formulated to accommodate the response to the market trends and the long term goals of the corporation. Besides the about technology essay decision regarding where ATT is headed to, the company must ensure that the means of achieving its goals are rare, unique and not imitable. On the abigail strategy level, the company needs to engage in technology, networking strategy. This can be implemented through networking market and networking enterprise. Networking strategy is characterized by scale-free supply chain, large-scale customization, leaderless management, borderless enterprise and localization.

Localization involves design, production and distribution of abigail products according to user’s needs. By recruiting local management, ATT will benefit from the linkage to local markets these team servers. Beginning An Essay. ATT should also focus more on the customer experience, support, application of state of the abigail art technology and innovation. To summarize, ATT can utilize big events such as the essay Olympics, Boston Marathon and Champions League Football tournament to abigail, put its products on the global spotlight. Alkhafaji, A. (2003). Strategic management: formulation, implementation, and control in a dynamic environment. London: Routledge. ATT. (2013).

ATT Company Information . Beginning An Essay With Quote. Retrieved June 2, 2013, from ATT: http://www.att.com/gen/investor-relations?pid=5711. ATT. (2013, April 10). News Release Archives . Retrieved June 2, 2013, from the crucible essay abigail, ATT: http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=24050cdvn=newsnewsarticleid=36309mapcode=govt_solutions. Capon, C. (2008). Understanding Strategic Management (2 ed.). New York: FT Prentice Hall. Duane, I., Hoskisson, R. (2008).

Understanding Business Strategy: Concepts and Cases. New York: Cengage Learning. Forbes. (2013, May). Writing An Introduction. ATT . Retrieved June 2, 2013, from Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/companies/att/ Goldsmith, M., Hu-Chan, M. (2003). Global leadership: the next generation. New York: Pearson education Inc Prentice hall. Hill, C., Cronk, T. (2010). Global Business. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin. Hirschey, M. Essay. (2010).

Fundamentals of Managerial Economics. New York: Cengage Learning. LRG. Type Economique. (2012). Research. Retrieved June 2, 2013, from the crucible essay abigail, Leichtman Research Group: www.leichtmanresearch.com/research/notes04_2012.pdf. Maddock, G. M., Uriarte, L. Writing. C., Flaim, J., Miller, B. S. (2011). The Crucible Essay. Brand new : Solving the innovation paradoxhow great brands invent and launch new products, services, and business models. Introduction Technology Essay. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Mckeown, M. ( 2012). The Strategy Book.

Financial Times Prentice Hall. Peng, M. (2008). Global strategy. New York: Cengage Learning. Whitacre, E. E., Cauley, L. (2013).

American turnaround : Reinventing ATT and GM and the way we do business in essay, the USA. New York: Business Plus.

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Abigail Williams essays

Plato#039;s Republic Republic [Politeia], Plato - Essay. Greek philosophical dialogues, written c. 3857-60 b.c. Regarded as Plato's most important work, the Republic has long been studied as a seminal text of the Western literary and philosophical canon. In this group of the crucible essay, philosophical dialogues, Plato uses a conversational prose format to explore the nature of society, seeking to define the characteristics of an ideal society, or republic. Plan Type? Inspired by the teachings of his mentor, Socrates, in the Republic Plato theorizes that the answer to society's ills lies not in reforming political systems but in adopting philosophic principles as guidelines. To implement and oversee these principles in society, Plato proposes the creation of what he calls ruler philosophers—individuals who will lead society into an ethical existence based on predetermined principles that are expounded in the Republic. Abigail? In addition to the Republic, Plato, who founded and ran an academy in milton essay Athens for many years, wrote a number of other dialogues as well as numerous letters. Because of the influence of the ideas expressed in abigail various dialogues, including the Republic , Plato has come to occupy a key position in the history of western philosophy and is often called the father of philosophic idealism. Additionally, he is introduction about technology lauded as a preeminent prose stylist and the Republic is abigail regarded as one of the most exemplary texts in this genre, praised for introduction about technology its craftsmanship and poetic qualities. A citizen of Athens, Plato was born in approximately 428 b.c. and the crucible lived in a period of political tumult marked by the recent death of the great Athenian statesman Pericles in 429 b.c. and the strife of the plan type economique, Peloponnesian War, which lasted from 431 to 404 b.c. The era also exhibited remarkable cultural vitality and included the essay, great dramatists Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes, of whom Plato was a younger contemporary.

Plato was descended from a distinguished family of statesmen; his mother's cousin Critias and his maternal uncle Charmides, both portrayed in introduction about eponymous dialogues, belonged to the Thirty Tyrants, the oligarchs who ruled Athens in cooperation with Sparta after the Peloponnesian War. The unsettled political climate during the period gave rise to a class of itinerant professional instructors called Sophists who made their living teaching rhetoric and public speaking—skills prized in the political arena—as well as geometry, astronomy, and arithmetical calculation. Socrates—whom the young Plato met while the elder Athenian discoursed in the streets and homes of the city on topics related to the virtuous life—objected to the aims of the Sophists, asserting that they manipulated language for their own ends, obfuscating and confusing in order to succeed in argumentation, rather than elucidating and searching for abigail truth. Known primarily through Plato's dialogues, Socrates advocated a quest for self-knowledge and cultivation of the soul, and claimed that contemplation is the noblest human activity. Plato's own career as a writer spanned the greater part of his life. All of his known works, including thirty-four dialogues of varying length and thirteen epistles, are extant. Of these, the Republic is considered his greatest work because of the representative nature of its content as well as because of its importance as the premier example of ancient Greek prose. Plot and introduction technology Major Characters. Composed as a dramatic dialogue among various characters, the principal among them Socrates, the Republic is divided into ten main books. This division, as scholars have repeatedly pointed out, is somewhat artificial and was dictated more by the crucible, the limitations of george essay, book production in ancient times—in this case, the amount of material that would fit onto a papyrus roll—rather than any internal break in the sequence of the the crucible essay, argument.

The text begins with a prelude, where the main characters and radford college essay setting are introduced and the subject of the dialogue—justice, or right conduct—explained briefly. Essay Abigail? In addition to Socrates, who is the main narrator of the dialogue, other characters include Glaucon and Adeimantus, elder brothers of Plato, and Polemarchus, a resident of technology, Athens at whose house the conversation takes place. Also present are Thrasymachus, a Sophist and orator as well as the main respondent in Book I; Lysias and Euthydemus, Polemarchus's brothers; and Niceratus, Charmantides, and Cleitophon. Ostensibly a discussion about the nature of justice, expounded on first by Thrasymachus, who states the the crucible abigail, Sophist position that justice and its related conventions are rules that were imposed on society by those in power, the rest of the dialogue is mainly a response from Socrates to this statement. In essence, the argument to prove the inherent good of justice leads Plato, via Socrates, to writing an introduction to an, lay out his vision of the ideal state, covering a wide range of topics, including the social, educational, psychological, moral, and philosophical aspects of the republic.

The main intention of the Republic is to define the principles that govern an ideal society. In doing so, Plato touches upon many important ideas about the crucible education, ethics, politics, and morality in introduction about essay this text. Scholars have pointed out that the main argument of the Republic is partly a response to the political unrest and instability Plato witnessed in contemporary Athenian society. Following the end of the Peloponnesian War, Athens became a democracy of sorts, led mostly by laymen, who, in Plato's view, tended to implement policies based more on popular demand rather than necessity or principle. Thus, Plato developed a perspective that viewed all contemporary forms of government as corrupt, theorizing that the abigail, only hope for finding true justice both for an introduction to an society and the individual lies in philosophy, and that “mankind will have no respite from trouble until either real philosophers gain political power, or politicians become by some miracle true philosophers.” This is the central theme of the Republic. In the the crucible essay, context of this premise, Plato touches upon several major issues, focusing the most significant discussions on the nature and definition of ethics, education, and the organization of society and politics, as well as religion and philosophy. In contrast to the Sophists, who advocated the primacy of rhetoric over plan, moral training, Plato proposes the creation of an educational system that focuses on essay abigail the molding of character, with the ultimate goal of the educator being not just imparting knowledge, but also the ability “to turn the mind's eye to the light so that it can see for itself.” According to Plato, one of the main problems of his society was the inability to distinguish true reality from george milton character essay, reflections or images of reality. Plato employs his famous allegory of the cave to illustrate how mankind learns and can be mislead by the manner in the crucible essay which he learns. Plato's preferred educational system strictly controls the upbringing of the ruling class in order to help them differentiate between appearance and reality and form correct views.

He advocates the study of mathematics and abstract ideas rather than art, music, or literature because the plan type, latter deal with representation of ideas, not ideas themselves; he even goes so far as to essay abigail, advocate censorship of art, when necessary, in the service of university, proper education. Another powerful focus in the Republic is the essay, discussion of justice. Responding primarily to the Sophists' position, that morality is beginning an essay with a block quote important only because of the social and personal consequences that follow, Plato contends that morality and justice are key components of an the crucible ideal society and that they must underlie all areas of human interaction. The Republic has a unique place in type the history of the crucible abigail, Western literature because of its importance as a literary, political, as well as philosophical text. Its reception in early commentaries was particularly positive and for an essay quote many centuries it was regarded as an ideal text, based on its literary and thematic merits.

A. The Crucible Essay? E. Taylor's introduction to his translation of the Republic is an college example of this critical approach. Later commentators have been more critical, however, and many twentieth-century studies of the Republic have emphasized the totalitarian nature of Plato's society, critiquing him for the degree of power he invests in the philosopher rulers. Abigail? In her introduction to the Republic Julia Annas remarks on the power of the text and the persuasiveness of Plato's assessments, noting that in some ways, the systematic treatment of such important subjects as morality, politics, and general electric tomosynthesis knowledge is “designed to sweep the reader along,” often leading first-time readers to either accept the premise of the text without question or to reject it entirely. After further study, though, writes Annas, the Republic reveals itself as a work of great complexity, and thus a text that rewards detailed analysis. In his assessment of the role of the essay, good as it is explained by Plato, Mitchell Miller also comments on the multilayered nature of ideas presented in the Republic and focuses his discussion by providing context from other contemporary sources of general tomosynthesis, Greek prose. Other modern studies of Plato have also tended to focus on specific ideas explored in the Republic. Abigail? For example, R. E. Allen (see Further Reading) explores the speech of Glaucon to to an essay, highlight the idea of justice and morality, while James O'Rourke ruminates about the respective positions accorded to myth and logic in abigail Plato's ideal society. In his essay on slavery as it is defined in the Republic, Brian Calvert reviews other critical commentaries on this issue, concluding that Plato's republic “could not contain slaves.” Critical commentaries on the Republic continue to flourish, attesting to the sustaining power of the ideas contained in general the text, whether they relate to society, politics, religion, education, or human nature. Access our Plato's Republic Study Guide for Free. Apology (dialogue) before 387 b.c.

Charmides (dialogue) before 387 b.c. Crito (dialogue) before 387 b.c. Euthyphro (dialogue) before 387 b.c. Gorgias (dialogue) before 387 b.c. Hippias Major (dialogue) before 387 b.c. Hippias Minor (dialogue) before 387 b.c. Ion (dialogue) before 387 b.c. Laches (dialogue) before 387 b.c. Lysis (dialogue) before 387 b.c.

Protagoras (dialogue) before 387 b.c. Republic, Book I (dialogue) before 387 b.c. (The entire section is the crucible essay 257 words.) Get Free Access to this Plato#039;s Republic Study Guide. Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this resource and thousands more. Get Better Grades. Our 30,000+ summaries will help you comprehend your required reading to ace every test, quiz, and essay. We've broken down the chapters, themes, and characters so you can understand them on your first read-through.

Access Everything From Anywhere. We have everything you need in university one place, even if you're on the go. Abigail? Download our handy iOS app for free. SOURCE: Taylor, A. E. “The Republic. ” In Plato: The Man and His Work, pp. 263-98. London, Eng.: Methuen, 1948. [ In the following essay, first published in 1926 and milton essay revised in 1937, Taylor provides a detailed analysis of the ideas, language, and philosophy of Plato's Republic.] The Republic is at once too long a work, and too well known by numerous excellent summaries and commentaries, to require or permit analysis on the crucible essay the scale we have found necessary in beginning an essay a block quote dealing with the the crucible abigail, Phaedo or Protagoras. We must be content to presume the student's acquaintance with its contents, and to offer some general considerations of the relation of its main. (The entire section is 19658 words.) Get Free Access to george essay, this Plato#039;s Republic Study Guide.

Start your 48-hour free trial to essay abigail, unlock this resource and thousands more. SOURCE: Lerner, Ralph. Introduction to Averroes on about technology Plato's Republic, translated by the crucible essay, Ralph Lerner, pp. Beginning With A Block Quote? xiii-xxviii. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1974. [ In the following introduction to the medieval Arabic philosopher Averroes's commentary on Plato's Republic, Lerner discusses Averroes's approach to the crucible essay, the text, noting that despite the differences in their religious backgrounds, Averroes exhibits a deep appreciation for an essay with a block quote Plato's philosophy. ] Why a Muslim like Averroes should choose to write on Plato's Republic is not immediately self-evident. Of what use is this pagan closet philosophy to men who already hold what they believe to the crucible, be the george character essay, inestimable. (The entire section is 6273 words.) SOURCE: Annas, Julia. Introduction to An Introduction to Plato's Republic, pp. Essay Abigail? 1-15.

Oxford, Eng.: Clarendon Press, 1981. [ In the following essay, Annas presents an overview of the Republic in the context of politics and philosophy during Plato's time, also focusing on Socrates' influence on Plato. Introduction About? ] The Republic is Plato's best-known work, and there are ways in which it is the crucible abigail too famous for its own good. It gives us systematic answers to a whole range of questions about morality, politics, knowledge, and metaphysics, and the book is written in a way designed to sweep the reader along and introduction essay give a general grasp of the way Plato sees all these questions as. (The entire section is 7141 words.) SOURCE: Miller, Mitchell. “Platonic Provocations: Reflections on the Soul and the Good in the Republic. ” In Platonic Investigations, edited by Dominic J. O'Meara, pp.

163-93. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1985. [ In the following essay, Miller explicates the fundamental philosophical positions adopted by Plato in the Republic.] If we do not understand [the Good], then even the greatest possible knowledge of other things is of no benefit to the crucible essay, us. The aim of this reflection is to explore the milton essay, nexus of notoriously obscure notions that lies at the center of. (The entire section is 16239 words.)

SOURCE: Calvert, Brian. “Slavery in abigail Plato's Republic. ” Classical Quarterly ns. An Essay With? 37, no. The Crucible? 2 (1987): 367-72. [ In the following essay, Calvert summarizes the critical debate over whether Plato's ideal republic would include slaves or not, concluding that although the standard critical view supports the existence of slavery in the republic, there is an equally balanced argument opposing the existence of the practice. ] For a number of years, in the not too distant past, there was a lively debate between Plato's defenders and critics over the question of whether his Republic contained slaves. However, since the writing an introduction essay university, appearance of an article by. (The entire section is 3780 words.) James O#039;Rourke (essay date summer 1987)

SOURCE: O'Rourke, James. “Mythos and Logos in the Republic. Essay? ” Clio 16, no. 4 (summer 1987): 381-96. [ Characterizing the Republic as a “foundational text in Western thought,” O'Rourke contends that the emphasis accorded to logic over myth in this work imbues it with an inherent structural instability. General Tomosynthesis? ] The Republic is perhaps the foundational text in Western thought that gives dominion to logos over mythos. This paper is about the instability of that hierarchy in the text of the Republic, and the consequences of that instability. The justifications Socrates gives in essay abigail the latter part of the Republic for why the.

(The entire section is 7342 words.) Anthony Skillen (essay date July 1992) SOURCE: Skillen, Anthony. Plan Type? “Fiction Year Zero: Plato's Republic. The Crucible Abigail? ” The British Journal of Aesthetics 32, no. 3 (July 1992): 201-08. [ In the following essay, Skillen presents an account of Plato's views on fiction as they are laid out in the Republic.] Then it will be our first business to supervise the production of stories, and choose only those we think suitable, and reject the rest … the worst fault possible, especially if the fiction is an an introduction essay ugly one, is misrepresenting the nature of gods and heroes, like a portrait painter whose portraits bear no resemblance to their originals … (The entire section is 3793 words.) SOURCE: Aune, Bruce. “The Unity of Plato's Republic. Abigail? ” Ancient Philosophy 17, no. 2 (fall 1997): 291-308. [ In the following essay, Aune investigates charges of about essay, structural disunity between the two books of the Republic, maintaining that a close examination of the two parts reveals a style and method of inquiry in part II that are very similar to those of part I. ] How well does Republic i fit together with the books that follow? Does it contribute to, or detract from, the unity of the dialogue as a philosophical work? There is still disagreement about this matter.

1 Irwin 1995, 169 speaks of book 1 as the first of two ‘long. (The entire section is 10235 words.) Elizabeth F. Cooke (essay date spring 1999) SOURCE: Cooke, Elizabeth F. “The Moral and Intellectual Development of the Philosopher in Plato's Republic. ” Ancient Philosophy 19, no. 1 (spring 1999): 37-44. [ In the following essay, Cooke comments on the crucible abigail Plato's view of the role of philosophy in an essay quote everyday life, stating that for Plato, philosophy is not an abstract concept, but one that draws from all aspects of life, including the the crucible essay abigail, spiritual, moral, and intellectual. ] The metaphysical knowledge required for the philosopher is often seen as merely abstract and theoretical, though the philosophers share in the same early character education as that of the radford essay, spirited auxiliaries. This is not a mere oversight by.

(The entire section is 3589 words.) Donald Morrison (essay date spring 2001) SOURCE: Morrison, Donald. “The Happiness of the City and the Happiness of the Individual in Plato's Republic. ” Ancient Philosophy 21, no. 1 (spring 2001): 1-24. [ In the essay abigail, following essay, Morrison reflects on the relationship between the happiness of individuals and the happiness of the general tomosynthesis, city as it is outlined in the Republic.] Is the polis, as conceived by Plato in the Republic, some kind of the crucible, ‘super-individual’, or is it nothing over and above its component individuals?

Is the happiness of the an introduction to an essay university, polis a separate and essay abigail transcendent value, for which the happiness of its citizens might be sacrificed, or not? Answers to these questions are often grouped into. (The entire section is 12492 words.) David N. McNeill (essay date December 2001) SOURCE: McNeill, David N. Radford College? “Human Discourse, Eros, and Madness in Plato's Republic. ” Review of Metaphysics 55, (December 2001): 235-68. [ In the the crucible abigail, following essay, McNeill compares three variations on the idea of eros as presented in Plato's Republic, Phaedrus and Symposium.] In book 9 of the Republic, Socrates tells Adeimantus that the radford, “tyrant-makers” manage to the crucible essay, defeat the relatives of the nascent tyrant in the battle over the young man's soul by contriving “to make in him some eros, a sort of great winged drone, to beginning with a block, be the leader of the idle desires.” This “leader of the soul,” Socrates claims, (The entire section is 13291 words.) Allen, R. E. “The Speech of Glaucon in Plato's Republic. ” Journal of the History of Philosophy 25, no. 1 (January 1987): 3-11. Outline of Plato's position on the “good” as it is explicated via the dialogue between Glaucon and Socrates in the second book of the Republic.

Kahn, Charles H. “Plato's Theory of Desire.” The Review of Metaphysics 41, no.1, issue no. 161 (September 1987): 77-103. Investigates Plato's theory of the psyche and desire as it is the crucible expressed in the Republic, noting that Plato is the first western philosopher to deal with these topics in a systematic manner. . (The entire section is an essay quote 379 words.) Plato's Republic Homework Help Questions. The main theme of Plato’s allegory of the essay abigail, cave is that we humans tend not to understand the true reality of our world.

We think that we understand what we are looking at and sensing in our. Plato favored an aristocracy ruled by philosopher kings. He did not believe most societies could maintain it though. Plato’s aristocracy was based on type dissertation merit. The leaders were strong.

Plato's ideal society is built on the ideal of justice. Just as he believed the soul was composed of three hierarchical parts—appetitive, rational, and spiritual—he believed a just society. Well, hate may be too strong of a word, but he certainly wasn't a fan. The reason is because Plato was convinced that not all people had the the crucible essay abigail, intellectual ability to rule. Plan Type Economique? It is an elitist. The Ring of Gyges was an oral legend told to Plato by his brother Glaucon, and essay abigail recounted in The Republic.

The story concerned a magic ring that made its wearer invisible; this allowed the.

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Ten Easy Ways to Improve Your Resume: Tips for Job-Seekers. by Katharine Hansen, Ph.D. In my line of essay work, I see hundreds of resumes, and I often see the same patterns over and over again. I frequently observe resume tendencies that are not necessarily mistakes, yet the job-seekers behind these resumes could have much nicer, cleaner, more readable resumes if they just tweaked a few things. And none of these tweaks are hard to accomplish.

Even if your resume has other problems, you’ll see significant improvements if you make these 10 easy fixes. Use a bulleted style to make your resume more reader-friendly. Given that employers screen resumes for as few as 6 seconds, they will find your resume a lot more readable if you use bullet points instead of paragraph style. College. It’s just easier to read. Follow “The Resume Ingredients Rule.” Set forth by Donald Asher, author of numerous resume books (see our QA with him), the rule says that information on a resume should be listed in order of importance to the reader. Therefore, in listing your jobs, what’s generally most important is your title/position. So list in this preferred order: Title/position, name of essay employer, city/state of employer, dates of radford college employment. The Crucible Essay Abigail. I can’t tell you how many resumes I’ve seen that list dates first. Dates can be important to some employers, but they’re generally not as important as what your position was and whom you worked for. Not only that, but listing dates first can hurt you with the software employers use (Applicant Tracking Systems) to screen resumes. “To ensure applicant tracking systems read and import your work experience properly,” Meridith Levinson wrote on CIO.com,” never start your work experience with the dates you held certain positions.”

Education follows the type dissertation economique same principle; thus, the preferred order for the crucible, listing your education is: Name of degree (spelled out: Bachelor of ———) in tomosynthesis, name of major, name of the crucible essay abigail university, city/state of general tomosynthesis university, graduation year, followed by peripheral information, such as minor and GPA. If you haven’t graduated yet, list your information the same way. Simply by virtue of the the crucible essay abigail fact that the graduation date you’ve listed is in the future, the employer will know you don’t have the degree yet. If you’re not comfortable listing your grad date when you don’t yet have the degree, you can say, for example, “expected May 2014.” By the essay university way, the Resume Ingredients Rule is also the reason that experience and education are listed in reverse chronological order on your resume; it’s assumed that your most recent education and experience are most important and relevant to the reader. Eliminate “responsibilities” words from your resume vocabulary. Never use expressions like “Duties included,” “Responsibilities included,” or “Responsible for” on your resume. Why? Because your resume should be accomplishments-driven, not responsibilities-driven. Anyone (well, maybe not anyone…) can perform the duties listed in a job description.

Job-description language is not what sells in a resume. Accomplishments-oriented language tells employers how you’ve gone above and beyond in your jobs, what makes you special, how you’ve taken initiative and the crucible essay abigail, made your jobs your own. Check out our article, For Job-Hunting Success: Track/Leverage Your Accomplishments, and Accomplishments Worksheet. Eliminate clutter from an introduction essay, your resume. Several elements can clutter up your resume and impede readability: Unnecessary dates. Don’t list dates that don’t add anything to your resume; for example, dates you spent involved in college extracurricular activities. If you were involved in these activities during college, the reader can pretty much guess your dates of involvement, and listing the dates will just clutter up your document. Same with dates of involvement in professional or civic organizations; ask yourself if those dates will be meaningful to the employer reading your resume. The Crucible Abigail. Parentheses.

Job-seekers have a particular tendency to set off dates of employment with parentheses. Milton Character. It’s easier on the reader if you just use commas. The Crucible Essay Abigail. The line “References: Available upon request.” This statement is highly optional because it is a given that you will provide references upon type dissertation economique, request. If you couldn’t, you would have no business looking for a job. The line can serve the purpose of signaling: “This is the end of my resume,” but if you are trying to conserve space, leave it off. Essay. Articles. Those little words “a,” “an,” and “the.” Generally speaking, resumes aren’t written in sentence form, but in concise phrases that have become an accepted shorthand that employers understand. Articles tend to clutter up that shorthand; your resume will read in radford college essay, a more streamlined manner without them. Consider these “before” and “after” examples: Aren’t the “After” versions a lot more streamlined?

Use strong, concrete verbs to describe your jobs, and don’t mix noun and verb phrases. Let’s look at this example: Managed and abigail, controlled all aspects of company’s West Coast presence. Plan Dissertation Economique. [verb] Complete ownership of inventory and financial standards. Essay. [noun] Full PL responsibilities. [noun] Analyzed market and forecast sales, prepared corporate budgets and monitored results to introduction about essay achieve ROI objectives. [verb] Instead, be consistent with verbs: Supervised inventory and financial standards. Completely oversaw profit and loss aspects of essay abigail operation. Also avoid the weak verbs, “to be,” “to do,” and college essay, “to work.” Everyone works. Be more specific. “Collaborate(d)” is often a good substitute. Instead of: “Worked with Marketing Department to launch promotional campaign,” say “Collaborated with Marketing Department to essay abigail launch promotional campaign.” Focus on describing past job activities that highlight the skills you most like to use and radford college essay, want to use in your next job.

Don’t waste words, for essay abigail, example, describing all that clerical stuff you did in a past job if you have no intention of doing clerical work again. Even if you’ve mastered skills that are in great demand, don’t emphasize them if they’re not the skills you want to use in the future. Type Dissertation Economique. Don’t fret about the one-page resume rule. Sure, it’s nice to essay abigail keep your resume to one page if you can, but don’t go to extraordinary lengths, such as by using tiny type. If you have significant experience, you’ll probably need more than one page. What you should avoid is having one full page with just a little bit of text on your second page. If you fill a third or less of the second page, consider condensing to one page. Ways to condense: Narrow your margins. The margins in Microsoft Word are set very wide by default. You can have margins as narrow as .75? all around and still have a nice-looking document. Use a smaller point size, but not too small.

A font size of 11-point is good; don’t go smaller than 10.5-point. Many jobseekers use a two-column format with headings in the left-hand column. Radford College. To conserve space, narrow or even eliminate the left-hand column and simply stack your headings on top of each section. Essay. Formatting such as columns doesn’t work well with employers’ Applicant Tracking Systems. Make sure your resume has a sharp focus. Again, given the beginning a block microscopic amount of essay abigail time that employers spend screening resumes, you need a way to george show the employer at a glance what you want to do and what you’re good at. One way is to add a section called something like “Summary of Qualifications,” or “Profile.” Learn more in the crucible essay, our article, Your Job-Search Resume Needs a Focal Point: How Job-Seekers Can Add Focus to Resumes. Type Dissertation Economique. For examples of the crucible essay such sections, see most of the samples in george character, our Sample Professional Resumes for All Job-Seekers, and consider using our Resume Professional Profile/Qualifications Summary Worksheet.

Don’t emphasize older experience on your resume. The rule of thumb for someone at the senior level is to the crucible abigail spotlight about 15 years worth of writing to an essay university jobs. The Crucible Essay Abigail. Age discrimination, unfortunately, is a reality. Because many hiring decision-makers want to see your full experience, it’s best to list older experience in bare-bones fashion — with or without dates — in a section labeled, “Previous Professional Experience.” Similarly, don’t give the date of your college graduation if it was more than about 10 years ago. Be sure the reader will understand all the acronyms and general, jargon you use in your resume. Resumes in the high-tech field are notorious for these mysterious terms. We recently received a resume containing the following acronyms and jargon: MCSE, MCP+I, TCP/IP, CCA, CCNA, token ring and PCMCIA network interface cards for LAN connectivity, NT Service Packs, Ethernet cards, Server 4.0, SQL 6.5, 7.0, Red Hat Linux 6.1, Turbo Linux 4.0 and Caldera 2.3, Cisco 2500 routers and switches.

Now, chances are that employers in this jobseeker’s field understand all these terms. Just be sure that’s the case. Spell out any acronyms you think could be questionable, and explain any terms you think some readers of your resume might not understand. College students, too, need to be aware of “inside” jargon. The Crucible Essay. At Stetson University, my alma mater, for example, we have an annual charity fundraiser called “Greenfeather;” freshman-orientation leaders called “FOCUS” advisers; and plan type economique, a volunteer organization called “Into the Streets.” The school’s graduates routinely use those terms on their resumes without any explanation, as though everyone knows what Greenfeather, FOCUS, and Into the Streets mean. Look at your resume from an outsider’s perspective — and explain (or eliminate) any unfamiliar terms or acronyms. Bonus tip: Be sure to the crucible essay abigail list locations (city and state) for all your past employers. It’s resume protocol to do so, and employers expect to see that information. I’m constantly amazed at essay all the resumes I see that list names of past employers, but don’t tell where those employers are located. Questions about the crucible, some of the beginning an essay with a block terminology used in this article? Get more information (definitions and links) on key college, career, and job-search terms by going to our Job-Seeker’s Glossary of Job-Hunting Terms.

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15 things n-o-t to essay, say in your voice over cover letter. General Electric! After reading many, MANY cover letters (mail and the crucible essay abigail email), we#39;ve seen it all. And then some. The following will make a BIG difference when you write to with a block, a prospective customer. Call with questions: 212-868-3343. 1. Essay! To whom it may concern, When you receive email addressed to dissertation economique, Dear Sir or To whom it may concern, don#39;t you delete it?

So do casting directors. You may think you#39;re SAVING time by avoiding the 4 minutes it takes to get a contact#39;s name. but in actuality, you are WASTING time because a large percentage of recipients will probably never open your email to begin with! Beginning with a name greatly increases the likelihood of your email being read! So look on the company website, do a Google search, even call the company. do what you must to get the recipient#39;s name. The Crucible! And begin your letters with Hi Frank, or Dear Mary. Really? How do you know that? Many voice actors who email us write this in their letter. Milton! For example, they write, I know you are busy so I appreciate you listening to my demo.

This is abigail no way to essay, begin your email. Instead, I encourage you to begin with something that will catch the the crucible abigail, attention of the recipient. Perhaps, Ever need a French voice talent with a home studio? or Sure times are tough, so I#39;m offering voice over at half price! or Your company looks terrific - especially the fact that you donate services. I#39;m willing to donate my voice over services with you. 3. Would you mind if, One way to show that you LACK confidence is to say, Would you mind if or If you have time or Maybe you could or I was wondering if. Quote! I suggest that you sound confident. For example, My demo speaks (no pun) for itself or Most of my customers become repeat customers or They say I take direction really quickly. Let me guess.

You#39;re a copywriter? No? Okay, a director? No? Then what are you? Here#39;s the scoop: YOU KNOW who you are, but THEY DO NOT! So be clear. Essay! Say, I#39;m a voice over radford, artist. The Crucible! or I provide narrations for. or Attached is radford essay my voice over demo. 5. I do voice overs. First of essay, all, you don#39;t do voice overs.

Rather you Provide commercial and/or narration voice over services or you Help businesses increase their bottom line by introduction about technology including free editing with voice over essay, recordings. 6. If you find I#39;m right for something, I hope you#39;ll call. That#39;s nice :( How about give me a reason to call. Try I provide voice over for corporate presentations, training videos, and introduction about online tutorials. Or maybe Quick turn-around, with excellent quality, and a friendly smile :). 7. Sorry, this time my voice over demo is abigail attached.

Please - take a moment before hitting send to avoid this. Wel nuthing maekes u les profesional then tipos. Enugh sayd. What does abb mean? Oh, its the abbreviation for abbreviation. Milton Essay! Didn#39;t know that? Not everyone does. The Crucible Abigail! In fact, not everyone is an essay as abbreviation-hip as you are. So my suggestion is to avoid them. Remember, your email may get forwarded to essay, business people who live in corporate world, and are used to formal, business-like letters.

In other words, no more, R u in need of VOs? My com demo is plan type attchd. T. Here#39;s a typical email we receive: Hi, I do voice overs. I do commercial and narrations. I have a home studio. I have excellent quality and the crucible I was trained by. Notice that every sentence begins with I. So here#39;s the important question: when marketing, do you want to intrigue yourself or your potential customer? Assuming the latter, compose your email so that it benefits them. This means no Is. Plan Type! Instead write Yous.

For example, instead of, I do medical voice over. Essay! say, Next time your client needs a medical script narrated, calling me will make you look terrific! 11. Born in. Writing! then I moved to. Next I. And today I. Really, the question is, who cares. Essay! Want proof? Do you ever want to read someone else#39;s life story? No? Suggestion: keep it brief. Very brief.

Try this, After extensive training and some solid experience in Montauk, this voice over guy is expanding into your territory! 12. George Milton Character Essay! I had to take my Mom to the hospital. The Crucible! Who cares. Or It was my daughter#39;s birthday yesterday. Again, who cares! 27 million people were taken to plan type dissertation economique, the hospital yesterday. 114 million people had birthdays. Putting personal information like this just makes the recipient feel like they need to remark. but why should they when they don#39;t even know you?. The Crucible Essay Abigail! Regardless, if you only have a potential customer#39;s attention for 1 minute, use it to introduction about, PROMOTE yourself, NOT to chit chat.

Exactly. Nothing tells me nothing about you. I STRONGLY encourage you to NOT send a blank email with a demo attached. 14. I look forward to hearing from the crucible essay abigail, you. Huh? Are you kidding me? The next step is STILL yours. The fact is, you need to get in plan type dissertation economique front of your potential customer four times before they#39;ll remember you. Try this instead, I#39;ll contact you in a week or Next week you#39;ll see another email from me. this one with a special offer.

Unless you know that the recipient will appreciate peace, or See ya, or Later, be professional. The Crucible Abigail! On that note, Hasta La Vista Baby. Just kidding. Tomosynthesis! Thanks - we hope this article helps you get more work! If you need help with your copy, feel welcome to contact us - we offer consultations that help you gain additional work.

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Essay on Abigail Williams in Arthur Miller s The Crucible | Bartleby

Inside Instagram’s Long Guerrilla War on Porn—and the abigail, Users Who Keep Coming Back. T here is something zen about scrolling through photos of thousands of penises, all standing at attention, rows and rows of thumbnails of erections of to an all colors, each captured for the camera in varying states of throb. The downside to that calm, however, is getting caught absentmindedly browsing all that dick. Which is exactly the position I found myself in while at brunch with a group of friends a few weeks ago. “Why am I looking at the crucible abigail dicks. ” one shrieked after peeking over at my phone, while pushing her eggs benedict as far away from me as possible, like genitalia was contagious.

I offered the table a reasonable explanation: that a corner of Instagram had become a flourishing nude-sharing community, that it was managing to radford essay thrive despite the the crucible essay abigail, company’s staunch dedication to scrubbing errant body parts from the site, that, oh for god’s sake, hadn’t they heard of the term “Eggplant Fridays,” where users share photos of their penile bulges? Even after swearing that I wasn’t really looking at the penises as much I was looking for a specific penis—one whose owner had posted it for milton character essay fun, who wasn’t trying to sell me a cam site membership (“How can you tell the difference?” “You just can!”)—my friends remained unplacated. Essay Abigail. I realized that no matter how much I tried to explain, they wouldn’t realize how mundane the penises actually were until they had spent some time scrolling. As for general electric tomosynthesis me? After a month of trying to the crucible understand the deep rift between Instagram and its, um, headstrong streakers, I had gotten used to them. I t’s not just penises that are taking Instagram’s backchannels by storm, it’s all manners of sexy bits: 15-second jerkoff videos, exposed anuses, a bevy of braless breasts—the latter of which are sometimes part of a highly politicized battle to “Free the technology essay, Nipple” on the photo-sharing app. Though nudity is banned by Instagram’s community guidelines, a cottage industry of illicit hashtags has sprung up to find and share these photos, everything from the more mundanely-phrased #seduced and the crucible abigail #exposed for beginning with broad nudity, to the community-specific tags such as #femdomme and #daddydick, intended more for kink. And that’s saying nothing of the droves of cleverly-punned tags such as #eggplantparm, which may turn you off Italian food for the crucible essay quite some time. These naked photos are so ubiquitous that I’ve yet to search a kink that hasn’t pulled up at least a few steamy selfies.

But as many porn hashtags as there are, many more have been quietly erased by Instagram, revealing nothing when you search for them. Radford Essay. Pop in #sex and you’re told “No posts found.” Ditto #adult, #stripper, #vagina, #penis, #cleavage. Even the Internet’s ultimate innuendo, the eggplant, wasn’t safe. You can still tag your posts with banned hashtags and the crucible emojis, but good luck finding your community within. Typo-laden tags have popped up to general electric accommodate these arbitrary bans: #boobs is gone, but as I write this, #boobss has well over 600,000 posts; #adult’s spinoff #adule is quickly closing in on 100,000. The tag for #seduce may now be useless, but variants like #seduced and essay #seductivsaturday cropped up in writing an introduction to an essay its place—though it’s worth noting that in the crucible essay the weeks since I’ve been writing this article, #seductiv, the tag that brought me into this world to begin with, has vanished entirely, as has #boobss, #adule, and #eggplantparm, after BuzzFeed caught wind of the fact that the eggplant emoji was not searchable on the app. The goalposts on these hashtags have moved considerably: In 2012, Huffington Post reporter Bianca Bosker wrote about Instagram’s early porn community, but back then, the banned hashtags were far more intuitive: #instaporn, for an introduction instance, or #fuckme. Instagram’s puritanical and often gender-biased stance towards stark nudity and the more nebulous moral boundaries it imposes on its members is nothing new. Since their launch in 2010, the app, which is open to use for anyone aged 13 and above with a valid email account, has been constantly battling the essay abigail, problem of how to george character keep the community as open as possible while also protecting its members from things deemed unsavory, like naked body parts. Facebook, which paid $1 billion to the crucible essay acquire Instagram in writing to an essay university 2012, deals with similar issues and has a robust content moderation team dedicated to eradicating porn, violence, and other offensive content. But Facebook has one marked advantage over Instagram when it comes to regulation: Your Facebook friends are usually just that— your friends—and the chances of seeing a random stranger’s post, much less an errant nude body part, are incredibly slim.

While public groups do make the chances of essay seeing an unknown user’s content slightly possible, search functionality on Facebook is still primarily limited to users within your network. On Instagram, anybody who makes their profile public can end up in a search. The battle for Instagram’s virtue garnered national attention in the summer of plan type economique 2014, when Rihanna found her Instagram account temporarily disabled after she posted topless photos featuring nipples. Scout Willis and Miley Cyrus, whose nipple photo had also been deleted, teamed up with the creators of the crucible a film, whose name became the college essay, hashtag for the movement, “Free The Nipple,” and continued to post photos flouting the ban. Comedian Chelsea Handler took a similar tactic, posting topless photos of herself side-by-side with unbanned photos of abigail topless men, like Russian president Vladimir Putin, to protest the discrepancies. While #FreeTheNipple has precious little to radford college do with porn, it has shined a light on Instagram’s guerrilla war on nudity and other “offensive” content. Essay Abigail. But it’s less a decisive battle and more a fruitless cat-and-mouse game, as Instagram has barely determined themselves what crosses the line, even under this month’s overhauled terms of service.

Though the company finally granted users the right to share breastfeeding photos without being banned (a mitzvah previously reserved only for works of george milton essay art), they still enforce subjective bans on things like stretch marks and menstrual blood. Instagram does ban a few non-illicit hashtags as well; #iphone was blocked briefly in the crucible abigail 2013 and general electric #ilovemyinstagram still is. Abigail. Co-founder Mike Krieger argued back in 2012 that certain tags “were too generic and an introduction to an university didn’t provide end-user value.” (Instagram declined to the crucible essay comment on this story.) But that logic is part of the problem: While banning drug use, child pornography, explicit violence and the like can all be understood, Instagram is still positioning itself as the arbiter of writing an introduction university what is acceptable to share, and what doesn’t provide “end-user value.” While Instagram says it’s bound by abigail, the app stores’ nudity restrictions and that their guidelines are intended to make the george milton character, platform safe for even its younger users, their scrubbed hashtags bring up a larger issue about censorship—namely, whether Instagram should foist morality onto its 300 million users. T he owners of the crucible essay those dick pics livening up my brunch don’t appear to give a shit about tomosynthesis any of this. Their photos aren’t adorned with any #freetheeggplant hashtags. Their captions don’t reference politics or gender equality or moral purity. So why, if Instagram has gone out of its way to make it clear to nude photo sharers that they’re not welcome, do these users keep coming back? Social media is “a really good way to connect sexually and relationally to others that are outside of your social world,” says Chris Donaghue, a psychologist and author of Sex Outside the Lines: Authentic Sexuality in a Sexually Dysfunctional Culture . The Crucible Abigail. Donaghue advocates strongly for porn to writing essay become more acceptable, and often encourages his patients to explore their sexuality through platforms like Instagram so they can find out that their proclivities may not be as niche as they thought. “The most beautiful thing is essay, technology’s use for shame reduction and acceptance of self,” he says. Yet the phenomenon of introduction technology sharing porn openly and brazenly is the crucible abigail, not a byproduct of our current tech revolution; pornography’s history has long been rooted in group settings.

“Viewing pornography was, at certain points in time, much more of a communal, shared experience, rather than a private activity,” says Lynn Comella, a professor of electric tomosynthesis gender and essay abigail sexuality studies at general electric the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. A century ago, stag films were often screened in dudely gathering places like country clubs or fraternities. And during porn's “golden era” in the 1970s, seeing an x-rated film was a media event. It was only essay after the advent of the VCR, and about technology essay then the Internet, that pornography reverted back to a private pastime. Last year, Sharif Mowlabocus, a media studies lecturer at the University of the crucible Sussex, told the Guardian that the rise of videotape was responsible for forcing porn underground. “The videotape took porn off the street, out of the movie theatres and into the intimate and domestic spaces of the home,” he said. Now, thanks to mobile devices, it’s at once stealth and ubiquitous. Milton Character. And like most Internet porn, the the crucible abigail, quality and nature of Instagram smut varies widely. A majority of tomosynthesis it is from the crucible abigail aggregation accounts that cull photos of naked people—generally women—seemingly out of benevolence, and those soliciting money, usually by directing voyeurs to type the user’s personal webcam site. All the accounts’ photos are no older than a few hours at most, likely due to the fact that accounts featuring nudity are reported by the crucible essay, other users and radford banned by Instagram almost as quickly as they’re created. For users who are trying to direct followers to their personal sites, Instagram makes sense. Reddit is too heavily moderated, and Tumblr too time-intensive, to be good platforms for the crucible abigail spambots and type economique those looking to make a quick buck on nudes.

For the aggregators, what better place to go than a platform of 300 million people, all of whom are on the app already because, on some level, they like sharing their lives? But among the hustlers and larger-scale pornographers is the crucible, a sliver of individual users who simply want to share their nudes for george milton character essay a variety of personal reasons: fun, horniness, boredom, a desire to connect. The Crucible Abigail. These users are harder to find but very much there, often sharing just a handful of photos of themselves, with captions instructing other users to either direct message the beginning a block quote, poster or contact them on Kik, a messaging app that's quickly become synonymous with sexting strangers, as users' personal contact info isn't automatically shared. For a casual voyeur, these distinctions may not matter: A vagina is a vagina is a vagina, after all, whether that vagina was photographed and the crucible essay abigail uploaded by george milton, its owner or by a quasi-paid porn site looking for new members with credit cards. But for all the diehard users I spoke with, Instagram isn’t just about voyeurism and getting off to the crucible essay sexy photos of introduction about technology strangers. It’s a conduit for essay abigail finding your people. As 19-year old Andrew* puts it: “I don’t go on radford college essay, Instagram looking for essay nudes, [I’m] mainly trying to find Kiks,” he tells me over milton Kik. “When I’m not horny, I don’t like the idea, but when I am, I just want to sext if I can’t have sex.” He laments the essay, proliferation of posts just pointing to other porn sites; he’d rather connect with an actual person. For users who are posting their own photos on to an essay, Instagram, the appeal isn’t far off from Andrew’s—it all still boils down to seeking validation and connection from like-minded individuals. “I use Instagram because a lot of people are on there, and people like our stuff,” 18-year old Rih explained to me over Kik, about the the crucible essay abigail, account she shares with two friends. “We started with three followers, now we have 415.” Rih, along with her friends Lily and Eve, had created their first Instagram account, though they’d previously been posting nudes on Tumblr. When I first discovered the account, their bio featured a photo of Lily’s breast, with an introduction: “We’re Lily, Eve Rih. Welcome to our page, just DM us don’t ask, on private because people are reporting us.” The 29 photos the girls had posted were all from the last hour, and featured the three ladies in various states of nudity: some scantily clad, others completely nude, still others showing the plan type, women mid-masturbation.

Save for one photo of Rih and Lily laughing on a set of gymnasium bleachers, the photos were all faceless. Each photo had upwards of 10 to 15 catch-all hashtags, including #eggplantz, #eggplantparm, #eggplantraww, #adule, #seduced and abigail #daddydick. As the a block, account amassed followers at essay a rapid clip, the trick became ensuring that their fan base could be maintained and grown without landing on the radar of Instagram. The girls later updated their bio to read that their account would be public only three minutes each day. Electric. They also implored users who stumbled across their page by accident to block, rather than report them. “It gets annoying,” Rih lamented, about the crucible posts that had been deleted without warning. “If you don’t like nudes, don’t click that hashtag. Don’t follow that page.” Her precautions and character frustrations are not unique. The majority of the nude Instagram accounts I’ve been scrolling through contain similarly-worded caveats begging fellow Instagram users to take pity on essay, them. Though lacking the stridence of the #freethenipple, there’s a real sense of community protection here, a shared mein kampf against what these amateur pornographers view as unnecessary censorship from an arbitrary technological overlord.

But the question remains: Why not stick to the significantly more accepting communities of Reddit and Tumblr, or even the newer knockoff apps dedicated solely to electric porn, such as Uplust or Pinsex, that welcome your community with open arms? The irony is the crucible, that as actively as tech powers-that-be try to keep deviance off Instagram, it’s the platform’s tech power that brings these naked sharers to Instagram over with more accepting corners of the Internet. Reddit and Tumblr can be accessed via mobile, but smartphone posting is the crucible, far more laborious than on a laptop (as Rih and friends discovered). Technology. Instagram’s onboarding process is much easier—point, shoot, post—and cameras, Instagram and Kik are all on one device that goes anywhere its user goes. Ramon*, a 28-year-old from Rhode Island with a particularly impressive penis, says he’s had both photos pulled and the crucible profiles banned by Instagram, and writing an introduction essay yet has rejoined under various handles several times. “All you need is an email [address] and you open an account. It’s simple,” he says. “I’ll do it when I’m bored.” These straightforward reasons start to make sense when you consider how many Instagram users are under 30.

Fifty-three percent of its users in 2014 were adults 18 to 29 years old. Fifty-six percent of all teens in America use Instagram, and 91 percent access the Internet from a mobile device. And as it turns out, a lot of those teenagers like sharing nudes—a fact I first learned the hard way after a 14-year-old direct-messaged me an unsolicited photo of the crucible essay abigail his penis from an beginning with Instagram account of otherwise fully-clothed photos of the abigail, teenager with his family and type dissertation economique friends. Click on one of the the crucible essay, many penises and breasts available under nudity-filled hashtags and it’s not at all uncommon to see a bio that proudly boasts that the user is 16 or 17, and looking for other kids their age to connect with. Teens were so ubiquitous on writing to an university, even the the crucible essay, most hardcore hashtags that it became a Herculean task just to keep their naked flesh at bay, lest the line between reporter and child pornographer become blurred. “Instagram is the most popular app for teens, after Facebook,” says Amanda Hess, a reporter who regularly covers Internet culture, teens and sexuality (and dutifully investigated the general electric tomosynthesis, origins of abigail “Eggplant Fridays” in university Slate). “People end up wanting to share sexy photos, or look at them, in a place where they're already hanging out.

They don't want to download some special porn app.” She, too, credits Instagram’s user-friendliness as a major reason why teens share their nudes on Instagram. Essay. Its privacy settings “are a lot more intuitive than on Facebook,” Hess says. “Facebook has a thousand privacy settings, and they're always changing and you never know what pictures show up to outsiders. Radford College. Instagram is just open or locked.” And unlike with Facebook, Instagram protects anonymity. “You can create some screen name that your parents don't know about, and you don't have to add your grandparents and your cousins and your mom's boss.” Of course, as with any sexual communique, consent is everything—and when teenagers are involved, the water gets murky. As Hanna Rosin pointed out when investigating a “teen sexting ring in Virginia last fall for abigail The Atlantic , sharing nudes, even by choice, isn’t without its potential consequences. As the to an, deputy sheriff of Louisa County, Virginia told her, “Possessing or sending a nude photo of a minor—even if it’s a photo of yourself—can be prosecuted as a felony under state child-porn laws.” BuzzFeed’s Katie Notopolous ran into essay, similar issues while trying to writing to an university investigate the deluge of unsolicited dick pictures she was receiving on Snapchat, often from teenagers. (The best BuzzFeed’s legal team could offer her was that she “probably” would not end up in essay abigail jail.) Still, in general electric tomosynthesis its purest, mutually-desired form, sharing nudes on apps like Instagram has the potential to the crucible help teens healthily explore and develop their sexual identities. And regardless of age, it can be surprisingly liberating.

W hereas it used to radford college essay take a stiff drink and breaks every 20 minutes to work my way through the porn archives of Instagram, I now can flit through gracefully. Though some photos are decidedly sexy, they’re no longer stigmatized for me, no longer something to the crucible abigail frantically clear from my Instagram history. Even as a voyeur, I now feel a part of the group, so much so that I was reticent to put their hashtags on blast, lest I send the robust community further underground. Then again, I’m not very worried, given the milton, tenacity of users like Rih and Ramon. While Instagram continues to clear out porny hashtags with an ever-increasing ferocity, dedicated users will simply get more creative. (This week’s up-and-coming tags, which will inevitably be gone by the time you read this, just like all but one of the hashtags mentioned above: #aaaasssss, #seducee, #becauseboobs, #freakshit.) Though these amateur porn producers may not be concerned with politics, free speech advocates and nude art aficionados could learn a thing or two from the Instaporn community’s quiet refusal to back down. Regardless of the users’ political leanings, users like Rih and essay Ramon are living, breathing examples of how to a block quote stick it, hard , to the crucible censorship and limits on sexual freedom. Instagram now finds itself in the crosshairs of general being on the wrong side of history, and it may behoove them to surrender a losing fight.

For now, Ramon plans to keep coming back for more, even if he has to the crucible abigail continually create new accounts to do so. Essay University. He may be apolitical, but when it comes to Instagram’s assessment of porn’s negative “end-user value,” he begs to essay abigail differ. “When you have thousands of the same hashtags,” he says, “you realize you’re not the only one who enjoys doing it.” *Not his real name. Illustrations by Bill Rebholz. Beejoli Shah is a writer based in Los Angeles.

Her work has appeared in plan type dissertation SPIN, New York Mag, The Guardian, and other publications. You can reach her on essay abigail, Twitter @beejoli, but please, no underage dick pics.

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Abigail Williams of The Crucible Essay - 986 Palabras | Cram

Essay on City Life vs. Village Life (2465 words) Essay on City Life vs. Village Life! One of the most striking features of industrial age is the growth of the crucible, city life. In ancient times the people mostly lived in villages being engaged in agriculture. Cities arose here and there as centres of trade or seats of government.

Today in all industrialized countries the situation has been reversed. The urban population in England and the United States has expanded continuously over radford college the rural population. New facilities of transport and communication have brought thousands of people nearer to the crucible abigail, each other and made it convenient for them to live together in large aggregations. The growth of cities is a special feature of modern age and as the george character essay, city grows the whole character of society undergoes a change. There is a sharp difference between the city and the crucible essay village life though with the an essay a block quote, expansion of urban influence on the village this difference is the crucible abigail, becoming more and more a matter of degree. However, in spite of the radford, recent trends of urbanisation the villages still retain many of their traditional features and present a sharp contrast with the urban life. In rural community the essay abigail, force of traditional mores and the bonds of family solidarity are more dominant than in electric tomosynthesis the urban community. According to Biesanz and Biesanz, “In the rural community custom is the king, the folkways and mores control most of the crucible essay, behaviour,” The sense of group responsibility which tends to introduction about technology, be more and more dissolved in the growth of the city prevails in village life.

The type of village family is generally patriarchal in which the status of the individual is the status of his family. There is less individual questioning and rebellion. The family determines as to whether and whom the individual should marry for the maintenance of family name. There is lesser freedom in the selection of life partner. There are few love-marriages.

Not only marriage but also religion, recreation, occupation pre determined by family traditions. Any deviation from the establish-id family traditions especially in sex matters, is regarded an offence against family unity and hardly tolerated. The life of all men and women is merged in family life. In short, family dominates individual’s life in village community. Moreover, the village community is too small to support a missionary society, like a Rotary Club. The Crucible! The family is the only organisation which performs the task of aid and protection.

For such functions there is no formal organisation with a president and secretary. On the other hand, in the city community life is conspicuous by the absence of family life. The anonymous character of the city frees the urban dweller from close moral control. Social control becomes the activity of college essay, specialized agencies. Family control is lessened. Police and the crucible essay abigail courts, teachers and about essay social workers take over the regulatory functions of the family circle. A “free lance” detached from family bonds is looked askance at in the village while such a person, even his norms of conduct, sexual and otherwise may pass unnoticed in the city and the crucible essay abigail be admitted to those places where high class gentry goes. If a person violates family marriage customs he- is not boycotted by the urban community, an impersonalized world. According to Davis, “He can escape the oppressive control of any primary group when he wishes, simply by disappearing into the sea of strangers.” It may also be noted that the urban life is more regulated by the State than the rural life is regulated.

Even minor matters like disposal of garbage and refuse cannot be left to voluntary action. The government acquires many functions, some of which are community housekeeping duties. Thus, in a city as opposed to the village the mores and folkways are least counted on to handle the situation. In other words, the larger the city, the greater becomes the problem of an introduction to an essay, control and the more complex the agencies of secondary control. Secondly, a village community is marked by immediate contacts between its members. Abigail! There is beginning, a strong ‘we-feeling’ in the rural community. We find members in a village community helping each other and sharing the joys and sorrows of each other.

In the village everybody is known to everybody. Their relations are personal. Customers are not mere strangers but persons with whom all are acquainted. From such contacts each person knows a great deal about his neighbours, their activities, preferences and attitudes. Status of each one in the crucible essay abigail the village community is well known. Written contracts are less important than a word of honour. Crime in village community is rare. General Electric Tomosynthesis! Since there is little secrecy, stolen goods cannot be used and are difficult to dispose of. Things are done by mutual understanding. In city life, on the other hand, nearness counts much less. The inhabitants of a city hardly know each other.

Sometimes, they do not know even their next-door neighbour nothing to speak of influencing their activities. The Crucible! In a big city like Bombay people living in the lower storey do not know the people living in the third or fourth storey. There is an atmosphere of indifference and callousness in a city. In a city like Calcutta, an inhabitant may spend a whole day in the street and never see a person he knows, though he may see tens of thousands of people. Even friend are likely to be known only in a particular context and in a particular segment of life. In the words of Gist and Halbert, ‘The city encourages impersonal rather than personal relationships.” Most of the relations are indirect. Competition has a far greater velocity in the city than in the village.

Life in a village community is simple and uniform. There are few ambitious men and fewer excitements. The villagers lead a uniform life tilling land and rearing animals. Their standard of living is lower than that of the town because the means of earning money are limited. They view land as the most substantial of all heritages. Agriculture is their major occupation.

When oppressive taxes or other measures threaten their ownership of land, they align themselves with radical movements as happened in Soviet Russia. The standard of living of the urban people is plan type dissertation, higher. They are more prodigal than the village people. Country life suggests ‘save’, City life suggests ‘spend’. The poor turning rich overnight or the rich being reduced to beggary in one day are cases unknown in the village. The man of enterprise and adventurous spirit has no place in essay rural community. The city dweller becomes indifferent to essay, extremes of all kinds.

Indeed the distinction between public and private, between what is shown and what is concealed, is much sharper in the city. It is the public behaviour that the city regulates, the private behaviour it ignores. Another contrast between village and urban community is concerning the the crucible essay, modes of production. In the village as a rule, only a predominant type of radford college, occupation, Le., agriculture prevails. Each family bakes its own bread and does its own washing, for all the environment, physical as well as social, is the same. The city, on the other hand, is the place for all, the semiskilled worker, the skilled artisan, the the crucible essay, “paper-expert”, the technician, the artist, the banker, the writing an introduction, teacher, the social reformer and many others. It is a heterogeneous group of people engaged in various pursuits. The city tasks are divided and sub-divided to such an extreme that even the work of unskilled labour becomes specialized. The trend in the crucible the urban world is clearly in the direction of a larger percentage of a block, specialized work leading to a multiplicity of organisations, economic and the crucible essay abigail social.

The residents of a city become affiliated with a number of organisations. Their social relations are mostly indirect and secondary. Members of a single family frequently belong to different organisations. Since these various organisations have different customs and procedures, there is opportunity for beginning an essay a block quote confusion and lack of understanding. The process of selection for the specialized work is keener. The Crucible Essay Abigail! The management selects those who are best specialized in the work and ruthlessly reject all those who fall below the beginning with, competitive standard. The owner of the crucible essay abigail, special ability has greater chances of quick promotion. The individual is rated more in terms of accomplishments than he is rated in the rural community. The city sifts and introduction about technology segregates all of the members according to their ability and finds a fit place for each.

It provides public schools for the wealthy and private schools for the poor. It also provides distinctive schools for the crucible essay elementary, higher, technical, cultural and professional education. It even provides separate schools for defective persons, e.g. Deaf and Dumb school. The city requires and promotes great social mobility. It lays emphasis on achievement rather than the an essay with a block quote, ascription of status.

The urban dweller can raise or lower his status to a remarkable degree during his life time. The caste element in social stratification is minimized. Status centres on the occupation, on the nature and the crucible abigail competence of the activity, rather than on the accident of birth. As opposed to the village in a city social climbing is most prevalent. Sorokin and Zimmermann have written, “The rural community is similar to calm waters in a pool and the urban community to boiling water in a kettle.

Stability is the typical trait for the one mobility is the typical trait for the other.” Specialization is beginning an essay a block quote, also seen in the physical structure of the city. Distinctive areas are marked for different activities. Chandigarh, the capital of Punjab State, has been divided into different sectors, each sector with marked peculiarities. The Crucible Essay Abigail! In the western world specialization of areas has been carried to a greater extent than in India. The structure varies from an introduction essay university, city to city in accordance with the size, site and needs, of the city, but generally everywhere in the western world there is a clear division of space into zones of business activity, of low rentals and residential congestion, of transitory abode, of “middle-class” residence, of industrial concentration, and so forth. Specialization in the city has also influenced the life of women.

If the the crucible essay, social life had remained predominantly a village life, women would have been the drudges in the household. Industrialization and specialization have brought women to workshop and introduction about technology essay factory. Essay Abigail! They have entered into the wider life which has altered their outlook and habits and liberated them from the exclusiveness of domesticity. As MacIver observes, ‘The individualization of women has been fostered by urban life and the resulting freer reciprocity of relationship between men and women, as individuals, is exercising and will doubtless continue to an introduction to an essay university, exercise, since the essay abigail, process is still advancing, a significant influence on the whole structure of society.” The city community evokes in man the qualities which stand in sharp contrast with those demanded by rural community. The village calls for persistence, a more stern and dogged fidelity to to an essay university, the way of life. He is fatalistic and is in constant contact with nature. He sees nature as the practical worker who must wrest a living from the soil. He sees nature as friend and enemy, as the ripened of crops and sender of rains.

The forces of nature are beyond his control and reckoning. Abigail! He is attached to- rituals and becomes superstitious and writing an introduction essay religious. The city requires alertness and quicker responses to changing situations. The city dweller is more tolerant in matters of religious beliefs, modes of essay, life, tastes and opinions. According to Bogardus, “Rural people are frank, open and genuine; they scorn the artificiality or many phases of city life.” The city is character, ruled by impersonality of essay, law and the caprice of fashion. In a rural community the rural moral codes are fixed and strict. Any violation of an introduction university, them leads to bitter estrangements and sometimes to the crucible, personal tragedies.

In a rural community there is much mutual aid. If a house is to be mud plastered, a feast given or a sickness nursed, the neighbours come in to help. There is an atmosphere of kindliness. There is writing an introduction, a good deal of visiting, several times daily, between the people. In an urban community there is no strong ‘we feeling’. The absence of a common mode of occupation and the great impersonality of essay, city life narrow the urbanite’s attachments and detract from his feeling of identification with the whole community. The secondary and about voluntary character of urban association, the multiplicity of opportunities, and the social mobility all force the individual to make his own decisions and to plan his life as a career. The Crucible Essay Abigail! The city instead of suppressing the individuality emphasizes it. The competitiveness of the city places the individual over against college, everyone else he is not inexorably tied to any particular relationship or cause. He leaves one city to live in another city and does not feel any loss; but a countryman when uprooted from his village surroundings sheds tears from the crucible essay, his eyes.

Economic advancement and abundance of opportunities are common incentives of the city. The young men and women leave the rural community for urban community because the latter affords those more opportunities for college essay employment and profits. The Crucible Essay! But sometimes the men coming from the village may have to face disappointment and despair in the city. So one should leave the village for city after a deep and careful thought. The above are then the features that distinguish rural from urban life. In the city “opposite conditions are found”, aggregation ; instead of physical isolation; associations of many kind’s supplementing or supplanting the with a block quote, functions of family or categorical relationships; contacts with human beings and civilization diversity superseding contacts with nature; differentiation of economic classes and specialization of economic tasks, ranking and grading men in essay abigail ways often unknown in the country; limited and intensified work, with its endless varieties and disparities of opportunity and of fortune creating an intricate design of competitive living traditionally alien to dissertation, the rural sense.” It may, however, be pointed out that urbanization of the rural population has reduced the differences between rural and urban community. The urban influence on the rural people can be seen in matters like social organisation, family organisation, food habits, standard of living, dress habits, cosmetics, religion, rituals, beliefs etc. The rural people are taking over essay abigail the urban modes of life and as this has been happening, the rural way of life has been withering away. The more the electric, villages are linked with the the crucible, city through modes of transport and communication, the faster will be the urban influence on an introduction to an essay university, the rural life. This may lead to assimilation of the rural people into the urban way of life thereby eliminating the attitudinal and other cultural differences between townsmen and countrymen. Leave a Reply Click here to cancel reply.

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